文档内容
标准阅读60篇I
第一篇 (Unit one Passage 1)
I live in the land of Disney, Hollywood and year-round sun. You may
think people in such a glamorous, fun-filled place are happier than others.
If so, you have some mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness.
Many intelligent people still equate happiness with fun. The truth is that
fun and happiness have little or nothing in common. Fun is what we
experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It
is a deeper, more abiding emotion.
Going to an amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or
television, are fun activities that help us relax, temporarily forget our
problems and maybe even laugh. But they do not bring happiness,
because their positive effects end when the fun ends.
I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to
teach us that happiness has nothing to do with fun. These rich, beautiful
individuals have constant access to glamorous parties, fancy cars,
expensive homes, everything that spells “happiness”. But in memoirafter memoir, celebrities reveal the unhappiness hidden beneath all their
fun: depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, broken marriages, troubled
children and profound loneliness.
Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be
less and less satisfying. If he’s honest, he will tell you that he is afraid of
making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The
single life is filled with fun, adventure and excitement. Marriage has such
moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.
Similarly, couples that choose not to have children are deciding in favor
of painless fun over painful happiness. They can dine out ever they want
and sleep as late as they want. Couples with infant children are lucky to
get a whole night’s sleep or a three-day vacation. I don’t know any parent
who would choose the word fun to describe raising children.
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with
fun is one of the most liberating realizations we can ever come to. It
liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can
genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car
or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now
seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand thatall those rich and glamorous people we were so sure are happy because
they are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.
1. Which of the following is true?
A. Fun creates long-lasting satisfaction.
B. Fun provides enjoyment while pain leads to happiness.
C. Happiness is enduring whereas fun is short-lived.
D. Fun that is long-standing may lead to happiness.
2. To the author, Hollywood stars all have an important role to play that is
to __.
A. rite memoir after memoir about their happiness.
B. tell the public that happiness has nothing to do with fun.
C. teach people how to enjoy their lives.D. bring happiness to the public instead of going to glamorous parties.
3. In the author’s opinion, marriage___.
A. affords greater fun.
B. leads to raising children.
C. indicates commitment.
D. ends in pain.
4. Couples having infant children___.
A. are lucky since they can have a whole night’s sleep.
B. find fun in tucking them into bed at night.
C. find more time to play and joke with them.
D. derive happiness from their endeavor.5. If one get the meaning of the true sense of happiness, he will__.
A. stop playing games and joking with others.
B. make the best use of his time increasing happiness.
C. give a free hand to money.
D. keep himself with his family.
第一篇答案：CBCDB
第二篇(Unit one Passage 2)Once it was possible to define male and female roles easily by the
division of labor. Men worked outside the home and earned the income to
support their families, while women cooked the meals and took care of
the home and the children. These roles were firmly fixed for most people,
and there was not much opportunity for women to exchange their roles.
But by the middle of this century, men’s and women’s roles were
becoming less firmly fixed.
In the 1950s, economic and social success was the goal of the typical
American. But in the 1960s a new force developed called the
counterculture. The people involved in this movement did not value the
middle-class American goals. The counterculture presented men and
women with new role choices. Taking more interest in childcare, men
began to share child-raising tasks with their wives. In fact, some young
men and women moved to communal homes or farms where the
economic and childcare responsibilities were shared equally by both
sexes. In addition, many Americans did not value the traditional male role
of soldier. Some young men refused to be drafted as soldiers to fight in
the war in Vietnam.In terms of numbers, the counterculture was not a very large group of
people. But its influence spread to many parts of American society.
Working men of all classes began to change their economic and social
patterns. Industrial workers and business executives alike cut down on
“overtime” work so that they could spend more leisure time with their
families. Some doctors, lawyers, and teachers turned away from high
paying situations to practice their professions in poorer neighborhoods.
In the 1970s, the feminist movement, or women’s liberation, produced
additional economic and social changes. Women of all ages and at all
levels of society were entering the work force in greater numbers. Most
of them still took traditional women’s jobs as public school teaching,
nursing, and secretarial work. But some women began to enter
traditionally male occupations: police work, banking, dentistry, and
construction work. Women were asking for equal work, and equal
opportunities for promotion.
Today the experts generally agree that important changes are taking place
in the roles of men and women. Naturally, there are difficulties in
adjusting to these transformations.1. Which of the following best express the main idea of Paragraph 1?
A. Women usually worked outside the home for wages.
B. Men and women’s roles were easily exchanged in the past.
C. Men’s roles at home were more firmly fixed than women’s.
D. Men and women’s roles were usually quite separated in the past.
2. Which sentence best expresses the main idea of Paragraph 2?
A. The first sentence.
B. The second and the third sentences.
C. The fourth sentence.
D. The last sentence.3. In the passage the author proposes that the counterculture___.
A. destroyed the United States.
B. transformed some American values.
C. was not important in the United States.
D. brought people more leisure time with their families.
4. It could be inferred from the passage that___.
A. men and women will never share the same goals.
B. some men will be willing to exchange their traditional male roles.
C. most men will be happy to share some of the householdresponsibilities with their wives.
D. more American households are headed by women than ever before.
5. The best title for the passage may be ___.
A. Results of Feminist Movements
B. New influence in American Life
C. Counterculture and Its consequence
D. Traditional Division of Male and Female Roles.
第二篇答案 DCBCB第三篇(Unit one Passage 3)
Recent research has claimed that an excess of positive ions in the air can
have an ill effect on people’s physical or psychological health. What are
positive ions? Well, the air is full of ions, electrically charged particles,
and generally there is a rough balance between the positive and the
negative charged. But sometimes this balance becomes disturbed and a
larger proportion of positive ions are found. This happens naturally before
thunderstorm, earthquakes when winds such as the Mistral, Hamsin or
Sharav are blowing in certain countries. Or it can be caused by a build-up
of static electricity indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made
fibres, or from TV sets, duplicators or computer display screens.
When a large number of positive ions are present in the air many peopleexperience unpleasant effects such as headaches, fatigue, irritability, and
some particularly sensitive people suffer nausea or even mental
disturbance. Animals are also affected, particularly before earthquakes,
snakes have been observed to come out of hibernation, rats to flee from
their burrows, dogs howl and cats jump about unaccountably. This has led
the US Geographical Survey to fund a network of volunteers to watch
animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable
areas such as California.
Conversely, when large numbers of negative ions are present, then people
have a feeling of well-being. Natural conditions that produce these large
amounts are near the sea, close to waterfalls or fountains, or in any place
where water is sprayed, or forms a spray. This probably accounts for the
beneficial effect of a holiday by the sea, or in the mountains with
tumbling streams or waterfalls.
To increase the supply of negative ions indoors, some scientists
recommend the use of ionisers: small portable machines, which generatenegative ions. They claim that ionisers not only clean and refresh the air
but also improve the health of people sensitive to excess positive ions. Of
course, there are the detractors, other scientists, who dismiss such claims
and are skeptical about negative/positive ion research. Therefore people
can only make up their own minds by observing the effects on
themselves, or on others, of a negative rich or poor environment. After all
it is debatable whether depending on seismic readings to anticipate
earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat.
1. What effect does exceeding positive ionization have on some people?
A. They think they are insane.
B. They feel rather bad-tempered and short-fussed.
C. They become violently sick.
D. They are too tired to do anything.2. In accordance with the passage, static electricity can be caused by___.
A. using home-made electrical goods.
B. wearing clothes made of natural materials.
C. walking on artificial floor coverings.
D. copying TV programs on a computer.
3. A high negative ion count is likely to be found___.
A. near a pound with a water pump.
B. close to a slow-flowing river.
C. high in some barren mountains.
D. by a rotating water sprinkler.4. What kind of machine can generate negative ions indoors?
A. Ionisers.
B. Air-conditioners.
C. Exhaust-fans
D. Vacuum pumps.
5. Some scientists believe that___.
A. watching animals to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than
depending on seismography.
B. the unusual behavior of animals cannot be trusted.C. neither watching nor using seismographs is reliable.
D. earthquake
第三篇答案BCDAA
第四篇(Unit one Passage 4)
A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture
than is possible to learn in general history classes. Most typical history
courses concentrate on politics, economics, and war. But art history
focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political
values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology.
In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestors—or of
people very different from our own—can be provided by art. In short, art
expresses the essential qualities of a time and a place, and a study of itclearly offer us a deeper understanding than can be found in most history
books.
In history books, objective information about the political life of a
country is presented; that is, facts about politics are given, but opinions
are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is subjective: it reflects
emotions and opinions. The great Spanish painter Francisco Goya was
perhaps the first truly “political” artist. In his well-known painting The
Third of May 1808, he criticized the Spanish government for its misuse
of power over people. Over a hundred years later, symbolic images were
used in Pablo Picasso’s Guernica to express the horror of war.
Meanwhile, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Diego Rivera,
Jose Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros—as well as the works
of Alfredo Ramos Martines—depicted these Mexican artists’ deep anger
and sadness about social problems.
In the same way, art can reflect a culture’s religious beliefs. For hundreds
of years in Europe, religious art was almost the only type of art thatexisted. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings
that depicted people and stories from the Bible. Although most people
couldn’t read, they could still understand biblical stories in the pictures on
church walls. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the
Middle East was (and still is) its absence of human and animal images.
This reflects the Islamic belief that statues are unholy.
1. More can be learned about a culture from a study of art history than
general history because art history__.
A. show us the religious and emotions of a people in addition to political
values.
B. provide us with information about the daily activities of people in the
past.
C. give us an insight into the essential qualities of a time and a place.
D. all of the above.2. Art is subjective in that__.
A. a personal and emotional view of history is presented through it.
B. it can easily rouse our anger or sadness about social problems.
C. it will find a ready echo in our hearts.
D. both B and C.
3. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Unlike Francisco Goya, Pablo and several Mexican artists expressed
their political opinions in their paintings.
B. History books often reveal the compilers’ political views.
C. Religious art remained in Europe for centuries the only type of artbecause most people regarded the Bible as the Holy Book.
D. All the above mentioned.
4. The passage is mainly discussing__.
A. the difference between general history and art history.
B. The making of art history.
C. What can we learn from art.
D. The influence of artists on art history.
5. In may be concluded from this passage that__.
A. Islamic artists have had to create architectural decorations with images
of flowers or geometric forms.B. History teachers are more objective than general history.
C. It is more difficult to study art history than general history.
D. People and stories from the Bible were painted on churches and other
buildings in order to popularize the Bible.
第四篇答案：DDDCA
第五篇 (Unit 2 Passage 1)
If the old maxim that the customer is always right still has meaning, then
the airlines that ply the world’s busiest air route between London and
Paris have a flight on their hands.The Eurostar train service linking the UK and French capitals via the
Channel Tunnel is winning customers in increasing numbers. In late May,
it carried its one millionth passenger, having run only a limited service
between London, Paris and Brussels since November 1994, starting with
two trains a day in each direction to Paris and Brussels. By 1997, the
company believes that it will be carrying ten million passengers a year,
and continue to grow from there.
From July, Eurostar steps its service to nine trains each way between
London and Paris, and five between London and Brussels. Each train
carries almost 800 passengers, 210 of them in first class.
The airlines estimate that they will initially lose around 15%-20% of their
London-Paris traffic to the railways once Eurostar starts a full service
later this year (1995), with 15 trains a day each way. A similar service
will start to Brussels. The damage will be limited, however, the airlinesbelieve, with passenger numbers returning to previous levels within two
to three years.
In the short term, the damage caused by the 1 million people-levels
traveling between London and Paris and Brussels on Eurostar trains
means that some air services are already suffering. Some of the major
carriers say that their passenger numbers are down by less than 5% and
point to their rivals-Particularly Air France-as having suffered the
problems. On the Brussels route, the railway company had less success,
and the airlines report anything from around a 5% drop to no visible
decline in traffic.
The airlines’ optimism on returning traffic levels is based on historical
precedent. British Midland, for example, points to its experience on
Heathrow Leeds Bradford service which saw passenger numbers fold by
15% when British Rail electrified and modernized the railway line
between London and Yorkshire. Two years later, travel had risen between
the two destinations to the point where the airline was carrying recordnumbers of passengers.
1. British airlines confide in the fact that__.
A. they are more powerful than other European airlines.
B. their total loss won’t go beyond a drop of 5% passengers.
C. their traffic levels will return in 2-3 years.
D. traveling by rail can never catch up with traveling by air.
2. The author’s attitude towards the drop of passengers may be described
as__.
A. worried.
B. delightedC. puzzled.
D. unrivaled.
3. In the passage, British Rail (Para 6) is mentioned to__.
A. provide a comparison with Eurostar.
B. support the airlines’ optimism.
C. prove the inevitable drop of air passengers.
D. call for electrification and modernization of the railway.
4. The railway’s Brussels route is brought forth to show that__.
A. the Eurostar train service is not doing good business.B. the airlines can well compete with the railway.
C. the Eurostar train service only caused little damage.
D. only some airlines, such as Air France, are suffering.
5. The passage is taken from the first of an essay, from which we may
well predict that in the following part the author is going to__.
A. praise the airlines’ clear-mindedness.
B. warn the airlines of high-speed rail services.
C. propose a reduction of London/Paris flights.
D. advise the airlines to follow British Midland as their model.第五篇答案：CABCB
第六篇(Unit 2 Passage 2)
Without regular supplies of some hormones our capacity to behave would
be seriously impaired; without others we would soon die. Tiny amounts
of some hormones can modify moods and actions, our inclination to eat
or drink, our aggressiveness or submissiveness, and our reproductive and
parental behavior. And hormones do more than influence adult behavior;
early in life they help to determine the development of bodily form and
may even determine an individual’s behavioral capacities. Later in life the
changing outputs of some endocrine glands and the body’s changing
sensitivity to some hormones are essential aspects of the phenomena of
aging.Communication within the body and the consequent integration of
behavior were considered the exclusive province of the nervous system
up to the beginning of the present century. The emergence of
endocrinology as a separate discipline can probably be traced to the
experiments of Bayliss and Starling on the hormone secretion. This
substance is secreted from cells in the intestinal walls when food enters
the stomach; it travels through the bloodstream and stimulates the
pancreas to liberate pancreatic juice, which aids in digestion. By showing
that special cells secret chemical agents that are conveyed by the
bloodstream and regulate distant target organs or tissues. Bayliss and
starling demonstrated that chemical integration could occur without
participation of the nervous system.
The term “hormone” was first used with reference to secretion. Starling
derived the term from the Greek hormone, meaning “to excite or set in
motion. The term “endocrine” was introduced shortly thereafter
“Endocrine” is used to refer to glands that secret products into thebloodstream. The term “endocrine” contrasts with “exocrine”, which is
applied to glands that secret their products though ducts to the site of
action. Examples of exocrine glands are the tear glands, the sweat glands,
and the pancreas, which secrets pancreatic juice through a duct into the
intestine. Exocrine glands are also called duct glands, while endocrine
glands are called ductless.
1. What is the author’s main purpose in the passage?
A. To explain the specific functions of various hormones.
B. To provide general information about hormones.
C. To explain how the term “hormone” evolved.
D. To report on experiments in endocrinology.
2. The passage supports which of the following conclusions?A. The human body requires large amounts of most hormones.
B. Synthetic hormones can replace a person’s natural supply of hormones
if necessary.
C. The quantity of hormones produced and their effects on the body are
related to a person’s age.
D. The short child of tall parents very likely had a hormone deficiency
early in life.
3. It can be inferred from the passage that before the Bayliss and Starling
experiments, most people believed that chemical integration occurred
only___.
A. during sleep.
B. in the endocrine glands.C. under control of the nervous system.
D. during strenuous exercise.
4. The word “liberate” could best be replaced by which of the following?
A. Emancipate
B. Discharge
C. Surrender
D. Save
5. According to the passage another term for exocrine glands is___.
A. duct glandsB. endocrine glands
C. ductless glands
D. intestinal glands.
第六篇答案：BDCBA
第七篇(Unit 2 Passage 3)
The discovery of the Antarctic not only proved one of the most interesting
of all geographical adventures, but created what might be called “theheroic age of Antarctic exploration”. By their tremendous heroism, men
such as Shakleton, Scott, and Amundsen caused a new continent to
emerge from the shadows, and yet that heroic age, little more than a
century old, is already passing. Modern science and inventions are
revolutionizing the endurance, future journeys into these icy wastes will
probably depend on motor vehicles equipped with caterpillar traction
rather than on the dogs that earlier discoverers found so invaluable and
hardly comparable.
Few realize that this Antarctic continent is almost equal in size to South
America, and enormous field of work awaits geographers and
prospectors. The coasts of this continent remain to be accurately charted,
and the maping of the whole of the interior presents a formidable task to
the cartographers who undertake the work. Once their labors are
completed, it will be possible to prospect the vast natural resources which
scientists believe will furnish one of the largest treasure hoards of metals
and minerals the world has yet known, and almost inexhaustible sources
of copper, coal, uranium, and many other ores will become available to
man. Such discoveries will usher in an era of practical exploitation of the
Antarctic wastes.The polar darkness which hides this continent for the six winter months
will be defeated by huge batteries of light, and make possible the
establishing of air-fields for the future inter-continental air services by
making these areas as light as day. Present flying routes will be
completely changed, for the Antarctic refueling bases will make flights
from Australia to South America comparatively easy over the 5,000 miles
journey.
The climate is not likely to offer an insuperable problem, for the explorer
Admiral Byrd has shown that the climate is possible even for men
completely untrained for expeditions into those frozen wastes. Some of
his parties were men who had never seen snow before, and yet he records
that they survived the rigors of the Antarctic climate comfortably, so that,
provided that the appropriate installations are made, we may assume that
human beings from all countries could live there safely. Byrd even
affirms that it is probably the most healthy climate in the world, for the
intense cold of thousands of years has sterilize this continent, andrendered it absolutely germfree, with the consequences that ordinary and
extraordinary sickness and diseases from which man suffers in other
zones with different climates are here utterly unknown. There exist no
problems of conservation and preservation of food supplies, for the latter
keep indefinitely without any signs of deterioration; it may even be that
later generations will come to regard the Antarctic as the natural
storehouse for the whole world.
Plans are already on foot to set up permanent bases on the shores of this
continent, and what so few years ago was regarded as a “dead continent”
now promises to be a most active center of human life and endeavor.
1. When did man begin to explore the Antarctic?
A. About 100years ago.
B. In this century.C. At the beginning of the 19th century.
D. In 1798.
2. What must the explorers be, even though they have modern equipment
and techniques?
A. Brave and tough
B. Stubborn and arrogant.
C. Well-liked and humorous.
D. Stout and smart.
3. The most healthy climate in the world is___.
A. in South America.B. in the Arctic Region.
C. in the Antarctic Continent.
D. in the Atlantic Ocean.
4. What kind of metals and minerals can we find in the Antarctic?
A. Magnetite, coal and ores.
B. Copper, coal and uranium.
C. Silver, natural gas and uranium.
D. Aluminum, copper and natural gas.
5. What is planned for the continent?A. Building dams along the coasts.
B. Setting up several summer resorts along the coasts.
C. Mapping the coast and whole territory.
D. Setting up permanent bases on the coasts.
第六篇答案：BDCBA
第七篇(Unit 2 Passage 3)
The discovery of the Antarctic not only proved one of the most interestin
g of all geographical adventures, but created what might be called “the he
roic age of Antarctic exploration”. By their tremendous heroism, men suc
h as Shakleton, Scott, and Amundsen caused a new continent to emerge fr
om the shadows, and yet that heroic age, little more than a century old, is
already passing. Modern science and inventions are revolutionizing the endurance, future journeys into these icy wastes will probably depend on m
otor vehicles equipped with caterpillar traction rather than on the dogs tha
t earlier discoverers found so invaluable and hardly comparable.
Few realize that this Antarctic continent is almost equal in size to South A
merica, and enormous field of work awaits geographers and prospectors.
The coasts of this continent remain to be accurately charted, and the mapi
ng of the whole of the interior presents a formidable task to the cartograp
hers who undertake the work. Once their labors are completed, it will be p
ossible to prospect the vast natural resources which scientists believe will
furnish one of the largest treasure hoards of metals and minerals the wor
ld has yet known, and almost inexhaustible sources of copper, coal, urani
um, and many other ores will become available to man. Such discoveries
will usher in an era of practical exploitation of the Antarctic wastes.
The polar darkness which hides this continent for the six winter months w
ill be defeated by huge batteries of light, and make possible the establishi
ng of air-fields for the future inter-continental air services by making thes
e areas as light as day. Present flying routes will be completely changed, f
or the Antarctic refueling bases will make flights from Australia to South
America comparatively easy over the 5,000 miles journey.The climate is not likely to offer an insuperable problem, for the explorer
Admiral Byrd has shown that the climate is possible even for men comple
tely untrained for expeditions into those frozen wastes. Some of his partie
s were men who had never seen snow before, and yet he records that the
y survived the rigors of the Antarctic climate comfortably, so that, provid
ed that the appropriate installations are made, we may assume that human
beings from all countries could live there safely. Byrd even affirms that it
is probably the most healthy climate in the world, for the intense cold of t
housands of years has sterilize this continent, and rendered it absolutely g
ermfree, with the consequences that ordinary and extraordinary sickness a
nd diseases from which man suffers in other zones with different climat
es are here utterly unknown. There exist no problems of conservation and
preservation of food supplies, for the latter keep indefinitely without any
signs of deterioration; it may even be that later generations will come to r
egard the Antarctic as the natural storehouse for the whole world.
Plans are already on foot to set up permanent bases on the shores of this c
ontinent, and what so few years ago was regarded as a “dead continent” n
ow promises to be a most active center of human life and endeavor.
1. When did man begin to explore the Antarctic?
A. About 100years ago.B. In this century.
C. At the beginning of the 19th century.
D. In 1798.
2.
What must the explorers be, even though they have modern equipment an
d techniques?
A. Brave and tough
B. Stubborn and arrogant.
C. Well-liked and humorous.
D. Stout and smart.
3. The most healthy climate in the world is___.
A. in South America.
B. in the Arctic Region.
C. in the Antarctic Continent.
D. in the Atlantic Ocean.
4. What kind of metals and minerals can we find in the Antarctic?
A. Magnetite, coal and ores.
B. Copper, coal and uranium.
C. Silver, natural gas and uranium.D. Aluminum, copper and natural gas.
5. What is planned for the continent?
A. Building dams along the coasts.
B. Setting up several summer resorts along the coasts.
C. Mapping the coast and whole territory.
D. Setting up permanent bases on the coasts.
第七篇答案：AACBD
第八篇(Unit 2 passage4)
At some time in your life you may have a strong desire to do something st
range or terrible. However, chances are that you don’t act on your impuls
e, but let it pass instead. You know that to commit the action is wrong in s
ome way and that other people will not accept your behavior.
Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavi
or is how it can change over the years within the same society, how certai
n behavior and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point in time. Topics such as death, for exam
ple, were once considered so upsetting and unpleasant that it was a taboo
to even talk about them. Now with the publication of important books suc
h as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have bec
ome more aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and
, as a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject.
One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. Unlike
many other taboos, fat is topic that Americans talk about constantly. It’s n
ot taboo to talk about fat; it’s taboo to be fat. The “in” look is thin, not fat.
In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executiv
es to sell their image as well as their products to the public. The thin look
is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other h
and, is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy, self-discipline, and self-
respect. In an image-conscious society like the U.
S., thin is “in”, fat is “out”.
It’s not surprising, then, that millions of Americans have become obsesse
d with staying slim and “in shape”. The pursuit of a youthful physical app
earance is not, however, the sole reason for America’s fascination with di
et and exercise. Recent research has shown the critical importance of diet
and exercise for personal health. As in most technologically developed nations, the life-style of North Americans has changed dramatically during t
he course of the last century. Modern machines do all the physical labor t
hat people were once forced to do by hand. Cars and buses transport us q
uickly from point to point. As a result of inactivity and disuse, people’s b
odies can easily become weak and vulnerable to disease. In an effort to av
oid such a fate, millions of Americans are spending more of their time ex
ercising.
1. From the passage we can infer taboo is__.
A. a strong desire to do something strange or terrible.
B. a crime committed on impulse.
C. behavior considered unacceptable in society’s eyes.
D. an unfavorable impression left on other people.
2.
Based on the ideas presented in the passage we can conclude “being fat”
__ in American society.
A. will always remain a taboo.
B. is not considered a taboo by most people.
C. has long been a taboo.
D. may no longer be a taboo some day.3. The topic of fat is __ many other taboo subjects.
A. the same as
B. different from
C. more popular than
D. less often talked about than.
4. In the U. S., thin is “in”, fat is “out”, this means__.
A. thin is “inside”, fat is “outside”.
B. thin is “diligent”, fat is “lazy”.
C. thin is “youthful”, fat is “spiritless”.
D. thin is “fashionable”, fat is “unfashionable”.
5.
Apart from this new understanding of the correlation between health and
exercise, the main reason the passage gives for why so many Americans a
re exercising regularly is__.
A. their changed life-style.
B. their eagerness to stay thin and youthful.
C. their appreciation of the importance of exercise.
D. the encouragement they have received from their companies.
第八篇答案：CDBDB第九篇(Unit 3 passage1)
Computers monitor everything in Singapore from soil composition to loc
ation of manholes. At the airport, it took just 15 seconds for the computer
ized immigration system to scan and approve my passport. It takes only o
ne minute to be checked into a public hospital.
By 1998, almost every household will be wired for interactive cable TV a
nd the Internet, the global computer network. Shoppers will be able to vie
w and pay for products electronically. A 24-hour community telecomputi
ng network will allow users to communicate with elected representatives
and retrieve information about government services. It is all part of the go
vernment’s plan to transform the nation into what it calls the “Intelligent I
sland”.
In so many ways, Singapore has elevated the concept of efficiency to a ki
nd of national ideology. For the past ten years, Singapore’s work force wa
s rated the best in the world-ahead of Japan and the U. S.-
in terms of productivity, skill and attitude by the Business Environment
Risk Intelligence service.Behind the “Singapore miracle” is a man Richard Nixon described as one
of “the ablest leaders I have met,” one who, “in other times and other plac
es, might have attained the world stature of a Churchill.” Lee Kuan Yew l
ed Singapore’s struggle for independence in the 1950s, serving as Prime
Minister from 1959 until 1990. Today (1995), at 71, he has nominally reti
red to the office of Senior Minister, where he continues to influence his c
ountry’s future. Lee offered companies tax breaks, political stability, chea
p labor and strike-free environment.
Nearly 90 percent of Singaporean adults now own their own homes and t
hanks to strict adherence to the principle of merit, personal opportunities
abound. “If you’ve got talent and work hard, you can be anything here,” s
ays a Malaysian-born woman who holds a high-level civil-service positi
on.
Lee likes to boast that Singapore has avoided the “moral breakdown” of
Western countries. He attributes his nation’s success to strong family ties,
a reliance on education as the engine of advancement and social philosop
hy that he claims is superior to America’s.
In an interview with Reader’s Digest, he said that the United States has “l
ost its bearings” by emphasizing individual rights at the expense of society. “An ethical society,” he said, “is one which matches human rights with
responsibilities.”
1. What characterizes Singapore’s advancement is its___.
A. computer monitoring.
B. work efficiency.
C. high productivity.
D. value on ethics.
2. From Nixon’s perspective, Lee is___.
A. almost as great as Churchill.
B. not as great as Churchill.
C. only second to Churchill in being a leader.
D. just as great as Churchill.
3. In the last paragraph, “lost its bearings” may mean___.
A. become impatient.
B. failed to find the right position.
C. lost its foundation.
D. grown band-mannered.
4.“You can be anything here”(Paragraph 5) may be paraphrased as___.A. You can hope for a very bright prospect.
B. You may be able to do anything needed.
C. You can choose any job as you like.
D. You will become an outstanding worker.
5. In Singapore, the concept of efficiency___.
A. has been emphasized throughout the country.
B. has become an essential quality for citizens to aim at.
C.
is brought forward by the government in order to compete with America.
D. is known as the basis for building the “Intelligent Island.”
第九篇答案：DDBAB
第十篇(Unit 3 passage2)
Chinese Americans today have higher incomes than Americans in general
and higher occupational status. The Chinese have risen to this position de
spite some of the harshest discrimination and violence faced by any immigrants to the United States in the history of this country. Long confined to
a narrow range of occupations they succeeded in those occupations and th
en spread out into other areas in later years, when opportunities finally op
ened up for them. Today much of the Chinese prosperity is due to the sim
ple fact that they work more and have more (usually better) education tha
n others. Almost one out of five Chinese families has three or more incom
e earners compared to one out of thirteen for Puerto Ricans, one out of te
n among American Indians, and one out of eight among Whites. When th
e Chinese advantages in working and educational are held constant, they
have no advantage over other Americans. That is in a Chinese Family wit
h a given number of people working and with a given amount of educatio
n by the head of the family, the income is not only about average for such
families, and offer a little less than average.
While Chinese Americans as a group are prosperous and well-educated C
hinatowns are pockets of poverty, and illiteracy is much higher among the
Chinese than among Americans in general. Those paradoxes are due to sh
arp internal differences. Descendants of the Chinese Americans who emig
rated long ago from Toishan Province have maintained Chinese values an
d have added acculturation to American society with remarkable success.
More recent Hong Kong Chinese are from more diverse cultural origins, a
nd acquired western values and styles in Hong Kong, without having acquired the skills to proper and support those aspirations in the American ec
onomy. Foreign-born Chinese men in the United States are one-fourth lo
wer incomes than native-born Chinese even though the foreign-born have
been in the United States an average of seventeen years. While the older
Hong Kong Chinese work tenaciously to sustain and advance themselves,
the Hong Kong Chinese youths often react with resentment and antisocial
behavior, including terrorism and murder. The need to maintain tourism i
n Chinatown causes the Chinese leaders to mute or downplay these probl
ems as much as possible.
1.
According to the passage, today, Chinese Americans owe their prosperity
to___.
A. their diligence and better education than others.
B. their support of American government.
C. their fight against discriminations.
D. advantages in working only.
2. The passage is mainly concerned with___.
A. chinese Americans today.
B. social status of Chinese Americans today.
C. incomes and occupational status of Chinese Americans today.D. problems of Chinese Americans today.
3. Chinatowns are pockets of poverty, as is probably associated with___.
A. most descendants of Chinese Americans are rebelling.
B. most descendants of Chinese Americans are illiterate.
C.
sharp internal difference between Chinese coming from different cultural
backgrounds.
D. only a few Chinese Americans are rich.
4. Which of the following statements is not true according to this article?
A.
As part of the minority, Chinese Americans are still experiencing discrimi
nation in American today.
B. Nowadays, Chinese Americans are working in wider fields.
C. Foreign-born Chinese earn lower income than native-
born Chinese Americans with the similar advantages in the U. S.
D. None of the above.
5.
According to the author, which of the following can best describe the olde
r Hong Kong Chinese and the younger?A. Tenacious; rebellion.
B. Conservative; open-minded.
C. Out-of-date; fashionable.
D. Obedient; disobedient.
第10篇答案：ACCCA
第11篇(Unit 3 Passage 3)
Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does n
ot learn by being corrected all the time; if corrected too much, he will sto
p talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the la
nguages he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he ma
kes the necessary changes to make his language like other people. In the s
ame way, when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do w
ithout being taught-to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle-compare th
ose performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the
needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out
his own mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him.
We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was
pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomesdependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with th
e help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what answer
is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or n
ot.
If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, g
ive him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we
teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the c
hild when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer. L
et’s end this nonsense of grades, exams, marks, Let us throw them all out,
and let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn,
how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know o
r do not know.
Let them get on with this job in the way that seems sensible to them. With
our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body
of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one’s life is no
nsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious p
arents and teachers say, “But suppose they fail to learn something essentia
l they will need to get in the world?” Don’t worry! If it is essential, they
will go out into the world and learn it.1. What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things?
A. by copying what other people do.
B. by making mistakes and having them corrected.
C. by listening to explanations from skilled people.
D. by asking a great many questions.
2. What does the author think teachers do which they should not do?
A. They give children correct answers.
B. They point out children’s mistakes to them.
C. They allow children to mark their own work.
D. They encourage children to mark to copy from one another.
3.
The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle
are___.
A. not really important skills.
B. more important than other skills.
C. basically different from learning adult skills.
D. basically the same as learning other skills.
4.
Exams, grades, and marks should be abolished because children’s progress should only be estimated by___.
A. educated persons.
B. the children themselves.
C. teachers.
D. parents.
5. The author fears that children will grow up into adults while being___.
A. too independent of others.
B. too critical of themselves.
C. incapable to think for themselves.
D. incapable to use basic skills.
第11篇答案：ABDBC
第12篇(Unit 3 Passage 4)
We can begin our discussion of “population as global issue” with what m
ost persons mean when they discuss “the population problem”: too many
people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year. T
he facts are not in dispute, It was quite right to employ the analogy that li
kened demographic growth to “a long, thin powder fuse that burns steadil
y and haltingly until it finally reaches the charge and explodes.”To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increa
ses in population, it is necessary to understand the history of population tr
ends. Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Looking back
at the 8,000 years of demographic history, we find that populations have b
een virtually stable or growing very slightly for most of human history. F
or most of our ancestors, life was hard, often nasty, and very short. There
was high fertility in most places, but this was usually balanced by high m
ortality. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten
persons would live past forty, while infancy and childhood were especiall
y risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction becaus
e death rates could exceed their birthrates. Thus, the population problem t
hroughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human ra
ce.
This pattern is important to notice. Not only does it put the current proble
ms of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests th
at the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden
enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions tha
t traditionally have caused high mortality.
Demographic history can be divided into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which extended from about 8,000 BC.
till approximately AD. 1650. In the first period of some 9600 years, the p
opulation increased from some 8 million to 500 million in 1650. Between
1650 and the present, the population has increased from 500 million to m
ore than 4 billion. And it is estimated that by the year 2000 there will be 6
.2 billion people throughout the world. One way to appreciate this dramat
ic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to some
thing that is more manageable. Between 8000BC and 1650, an average of
only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the world’s population e
ach year. At present, this number is added every six hours. The increase is
about 80,000,000 persons annually.
1.
Which of the following demographic growth pattern is most suitable for t
he long thin powder fuse analogy?
A.
A virtually stable or slightly decreasing period and then a sudden explosio
n of population.
B.
A slow growth for a long time and then a period of rapid, dramatic increas
e.
C.Too many people on earth and a few rapid increase in the number added e
ach year.
D.
A long period when death rates exceeds birthrates and then a short period
with higher fertility and lower mortality.
2.
During the first period of demographic history, societies were often in dan
ger of extinction because___.
A. only one in ten persons could live past 40.
B. there was higher mortality than fertility in most places.
C. it was too dangerous to have babies due to the poor conditions.
D. our ancestors had little enthusiasm for more children.
3. Which statement is true about population increase?
A.
There might be an increase of 2.2 billion persons from now to the year 20
00.
B. About 50,000 babies are born every six hours at present.
C.
Between 8000 BC and the present, the population increase is about 80,00
0,000 persons each year.D.
The population increased faster between 8000BC and 1650 than between
1650 and the present.
4. The author of the passage intends to___.
A. warn people against the population explosion in the near future.
B.
compare the demographic growth pattern in the past with that after 1650.
C. find out the cause for rapid increase in population in recent years.
D. present us a clear and complete picture of the demographic growth.
5. The word “demographic” in the first paragraph means___.
A. statistics of human.
B. surroundings study.
C. accumulation of human.
D. development of human.
第12篇答案：ABADA
第13篇(Unit4 Passage1)Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is said—the words. Words
do provide us with some information, but meanings are derived from so
many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a
relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. Words are used to describ
e only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given messag
e. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we lis
ten for more than words. We don’t always say what we mean or mean wh
at we say. Sometimes our words don’t mean anything except “ I’m letting
off some steam. I don’t really want you to pay close attention to what I’m
saying. Just pay attention to what I’m feeling.” Mostly we mean several t
hings at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current o
wner, “This step has to be fixed before I’ll buy.” The owner says, “ It’s be
en like that for years.” Actually, the step hasn’t been like that for years, b
ut the unspoken message is: “ I don’t want to fix it. We put up with it. Wh
y can’t you?” The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be de
veloped of examining a message in terms of who said it, when it occurred
, the related conditions or situation, and how it was said.
When a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning. Let us assum
e two couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But on
e couple always kisses after an argument and the other couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the behaviors may mean a great deal mor
e than the frequency of the behavior. A friend’s unusually docile behavior
may only be understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that r
equired an abnormal amount of assertiveness. Some responses may be dir
ectly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic. For exam
ple, a person who says “No!” to a serials of charges like “You’re dumb,”
“You’re lazy,” and “You’re dishonest,” may also say “No!” and try to just
ify his or her response if the next statement is “And you’re good looking.
”
We would do well to listen for how messages are presented. The words, “
If sure has been nice to have you over,” can be said with emphasis and ex
citement or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or repeated several
times. And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordi
ngly. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more impor
tance; sometimes the more we say something the less importance it assum
es.
1.
Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing pa
rtners, if ___.
A. they use proper words to carry their ideas.B. they both speak truly of their own feelings.
C. they try to understand each other’s ideas beyond words.
D. they are capable of associating meaning with their words.
2.“I’m letting off some steam” in paragraph 1 means___.
A. I’m just calling your attention.
B. I’m just kidding.
C. I’m just saying the opposite.
D. I’m just giving off some sound.
3. The house-owner’s example shows that he actually means___.
A. the step has been like that for years.
B. he doesn’t think it necessary to fix the step.
C. the condition of the step is only a minor fault.
D. the cost involved in the fixing should be shared.
4.
Some responses and behaviors may appear very illogical, but are justifiab
le if___.
A. linked to an abnormal amount of assertiveness.
B. seen as one’s habitual pattern of behavior.
C. taken as part of an ordering sequence.D. expressed to a series of charges.
5.
The word “ritualistically” in the last paragraph equals something done___
.
A. without true intention.
B. light-heartedly.
C. in a way of ceremony.
D. with less emphasis.
第13篇答案：DBABC
第14篇(Unit Four,Passage 2)
Which is safer-staying at home, traveling to work on public transport, or
working in the office? Surprisingly, each of these carries the same risk, w
hich is very low. However, what about flying compared to working in the
chemical industry? Unfortunately, the former is 65 times riskier than the l
atter! In fact, the accident rate of workers in the chemical industry is less t
han that of almost any of human activity, and almost as safe as staying athome.
The trouble with the chemical industry is that when things go wrong they
often cause death to those living nearby. It is this which makes chemical a
ccidents so newsworthy. Fortunately, they are extremely rare. The most fa
mous ones happened at Texas City (1947),Flixborough (1974), Seveso (1
976), Pemex (1984) and Bhopal (1984).
Some of these are always in the minds of the people even though the loss
of life was small. No one died at Seveso, and only 28 workers at Flixboro
ugh. The worst accident of all was Bhopal, where up to 3,000 were killed.
The Texas City explosion of fertilizer killed 552. The Pemex fire at a stor
age plant for natural gas in the suburbs of Mexico City took 542 lives, jus
t a month before the unfortunate event at Bhopal.
Some experts have discussed these accidents and used eac
h accident to illustrate a particular danger. Thus the Texa
s City explosion was caused by tons of ammonium nitrat
e （ 硝 酸 铵 ） ,
which is safe unless stored in great quantity. The Flixbor
ough fireball was the fault of management, which took risks to ke
ep production going during essential repairs. The Seveso accident showswhat happens if the local authorities lack knowledge of the danger on thei
r doorstep. When the poisonous gas drifted over the town, local leaders w
ere incapable of taking effective action. The Pemex fire was made worse
by an overloaded site in an overcrowded suburb. The fire set off a chain r
eaction os exploding storage tanks. Yet, by a miracle, the two largest tank
s did not explode. Had these caught fire, then 3,000 strong rescue team an
d fire fighters would all have died.
1. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Working at the office is safer than staying at home.
B.
Traverlling to work on public transport is safer than working at the office.
C. Staying at home is safer than working in the chemical industry.
D. Working in the chemical industry is safer than traveling by air.
2.
Chemical accidents are usually important enough to be reported as news b
ecause ____.
A. they are very rare
B. they often cause loss of life
C. they always occur in big cities
D. they arouse the interest of all the readers3.
According to passage, the chemical accident that caused by the fault of m
anagement happened at ____.
A. Texas city B. Flixborough C. Seveso D. Mexico City
4. From the passage we know that ammonium nitrate is a kind of ____.
A. natural gas, which can easily catch fire
B. fertilizer, which can't be stored in a great quantity
C. poisonous substance, which can't be used in overcrowded areas
D. fuel, which is stored in large tanks
5. From the discussion among some experts we may coclude that ____.
A.
to avoid any accidents we should not repair the facilities in chemical indu
stry
B.
the local authorities should not be concerned with the production of the c
hemical industry
C.
all these accidents could have been avoided or controlled if effective mea
sure had been takenD. natural gas stored in very large tanks is always safe
第十四篇答案：DBABC
第十五篇(Unit 4,Passage 3)
What we know of prenatal development makes all this attempt made by a
mother to mold the character of her unborn child by studying poetry, art,
or mathematics during pregnancy seem utterly impossible. How could suc
h extremely complex influences pass from the mother to the child? There
is no connection between their nervous systems. Even the blood vessels o
f mother and child do not join directly. An emotional shock to the mother
will affect her child, because it changes the activity of her glands and so t
he chemistry her blood. Any chemical change in the mother’s blood will a
ffect the child for better or worse. But we can not see how a looking for m
athematics or poetic genius can be dissolved in blood and produce a simil
ar liking or genius in the child.In our discussion of instincts we saw that there was reason to believe that
whatever we inherit must be of some very simple sort rather than any co
mplicated or very definite kind of behavior. It is certain that no one inheri
ts a knowledge of mathematics. It may be, however, that children inherit
more or less of a rather general ability that we may call intelligence. If ver
y intelligent children become deeply interested in mathematics, they will
probably make a success of that study.
As for musical ability, it may be that what is inherited is an especially sen
sitive ear, a peculiar structure of the hands or the vocal organs connection
s between nerves and muscles that make it comparatively easy to learn th
e movements a musician must execute, and particularly vigorous emotion
s. If these factors are all organized around music, the child may become a
musician. The same factors, in other circumstance might be organized ab
out some other center of interest. The rich emotional equipment might fin
d expression in poetry. The capable fingers might develop skill in surgery.
It is not the knowledge of music that is inherited, then nor even the love o
f it, but a certain bodily structure that makes it comparatively easy to acqu
ire musical knowledge and skill. Whether that ability shall be directed t
oward music or some other undertaking may be decided entirely by force
s in the environment in which a child grows up.1. Which of the following statements is not true?
A. Some mothers try to influence their unborn children by studying art an
d other subjects during their pregnancy.
B. It is utterly impossible for us to learn anything about prenatal develop
ment.
C. The blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly.
D. There are no connection between mother’s nervous systems and her un
born child’s.
2. A mother will affect her unborn baby on the condition that ____.
A. she is emotionally shocked
B. she has a good knowledge of inheritance
C. she takes part in all kind of activities
D. she sticks to studying
3. According to the passage, a child may inherit____.
A. everything from his mother
B. a knowledge of mathematics
C. a rather general ability that we call intelligence
D. her mother’s musical ability
4. If a child inherits something from his mother, such as an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the hands or of the vocal organs, he will
____.
A. surely become musician
B. mostly become a poet
C. possibly become a teacher
D. become a musician on the condition that all these factors are organized
around music
5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. Role of Inheritance. B. An Unborn Child.
C. Function of instincts. D. Inherited Talents.
第15篇答案：BACDA
第16篇
The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a g
eneration. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdo
m and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more mon
ey, become “better” people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than
those who don’t go.But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now
that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who don’t
fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. College g
raduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere wit
h each other’s experiments and write false letters of recommendation in th
e intense competition for admission to graduate school. Other find no sti
mulation in their studies, and drop out—often encouraged by college adm
inistrators.
Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselves—they
are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But that is a condemnation o
f the students as a whole, and doesn’t explain all campus unhappiness. Ot
hers blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. We have been
told that young people have to go to college because our economy can’t a
bsorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduate
s are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-
year-olds, either.
Some adventuresome educators and watchers have openly begun to sugge
st that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every yo
ung person after the completion of high school. We may have been lookin
g at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through therosy glow of our own remembered college experiences. Perhaps college d
oesn’t make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn
things—may it is just the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, ha
ppy, liberal, quick-learning people are merely the ones who have been attr
acted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college
graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college o
r not. This is heresy to those of us who have been brought up to believe th
at if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary e
vidence is beginning to mount up.
1. According to the author, ___.
A. people used to question the value of college education.
B. people used to have full confidence in higher education.
C. all high school graduates went to college.
D. very few high school graduates chose to go to college.
2. In the 2nd paragraph, “those who don’t fit the pattern” refer to___.
A. high school graduates who aren’t suitable for college education.
B. college graduates who are selling shoes and driving taxis.
C. college students who aren’t any better for their higher education.
D. high school graduates who failed to be admitted to college.3. The dropout rate of college students seems to go up because___.
A.
young people are disappointed with the conventional way of teaching at c
ollege.
B. many people are required to join the army.
C. young people have little motivation in pursuing a higher education.
D.
young people don’t like the intense competition for admission to graduate
school.
4.
According to the passage, the problems of college education partly origin
ate in the fact that___.
A. society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained graduates.
B. High school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education.
C. Too many students have to earn their own living.
D. College administrators encourage students to drop out.
5. In this passage the author argues that___.
A.
more and more evidence shows college education may not be the best thi
ng for high school graduates.B. College education is not enough if one wants to be successful.
C. College education benefits only the intelligent, ambitious, and quick-
learning people.
D. Intelligent people may learn quicker if they don’t go to college.
第十六篇答案：BCCAA
第十七篇：（Unit 5,Passage 1）
A controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the
use of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid ) fingerprinting in criminal investigati
ons. DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify i
ndividuals based on a pattern seen in their DNA, the molecule of which
genes are made. DNA is present in every cell of the body except red bloo
d cells. DNA fingerprinting has been used successfully in various ways, s
uch as to determine paternity where it is not clear who the father of a parti
cular child is. However, it is in the area of criminal investigations that DN
A fingerprinting has potentially powerful and controversial uses.
DNA fingerprinting and other DNA analysis techniques have revolutioniz
ed criminal investigations by giving investigators powerful new tools in t
he attempt to trove guilt, not just establish innocence. When used in criminal investigations, a DNA fingerprint pattern from a suspect is compare
d with a DNA fingerprint pattern obtained from such material as hairs or
blood found at the scene of a crime. A match between the two DNA samp
les can be used as evidence to convict a suspect.
The controversy in 1998 stemmed form a report published in December 1
991 by population geneticists Richard C. Lewontin of Harvard University
in Cambridge, Mass., and Daniel L. Hartl called into question the method
s to calculate how likely it is that a match between two DNA fingerprints
might occur by chance alone. In particular, they argued that the current m
ethod cannot properly determine the likelihood that two DNA samples wil
l match because they came from the same individual rather than simply fr
om two different individuals who are members of the same ethnic group.
Lewontin and Hartl called for better surveys of DNA patterns methods ar
e adequate.
In response to their criticisms, population geneticists Ranajit Chakraborty
of the University of Texas in Dallas and Kenneth K.
Kidd of Yale University in New Haven, Conn., argued that enough data ar
e already available to show that the methods currently being used are ade
quate. In January 1998, however, the federal Bureau of Investigation and l
aboratories that conduct DNA tests announced that they would collect additional DNA samples form various ethnic groups in an attempt to resolve
some of these questions. And, in April, a National Academy of Sciences c
alled for strict standards and system of accreditation for DNA testing labo
ratories.
1. Before DNA fingerprinting is used, suspects____.
A. would have to leave their fingerprints for further investigations
B. would have to submit evidence for their innocence
C. could easily escape conviction of guilt
D. cold be convicted of guilt as well
2. DNA fingerprinting can be unreliable when ____.
A. the methods used for blood- cell calculation are not accurate
B.
two different individuals of the same ethnic group may have the same DN
A fingerprinting pattern
C.
a match is by chance left with fingerprints that happen to belong to two di
fferent individuals
D. two different individuals leave two DNA samples.
3. To geneticists like Lewontin and Hartl, the current method ____.A.
is not so convincing as to exclude the likelihood that two DNA samples c
an never come from two individuals
B.
is arguable because two individuals of the same ethnic group are likely to
have the same DNA pattern.
C. Is not based on adequate scientific theory of genetics
D. Is theoretically contradictory to what they have been studying
4. The attitude of the Federal Bereau of Investigation shows that ____.
A.
enough data are yet to be collected form various ethnic groups to confirm
the unlikelihood of two DNA samples coming from two individual memb
ers
B.
enough data of DNA samples should be collected to confirm that only DN
A samples form the same person can match
C.
enough data are yet to be collected from various ethnic groups to determi
ne the likelihood of two different DNA samples coming form the same pe
rson
D.additional samples from various ethnic groups should be collected to dete
rmine that two DNA samples are unlikely to come from the same person
5. National Academy of Sciences holds the stance that ____.
A. DNA testing should be systematized
B. Only authorized laboratories can conduct DNA testing
C. The academy only is authorized to work out standards for testing
D. The academy has the right to accredit laboratories for DNA testing
第十七篇答案：CBABB
第十八篇：（Unit 5,Passage 2）
Racket, din clamor, noise, whatever you want to call it, unwanted sound i
s America’s most widespread nuisance. But noise is more than just a nuis
ance. It constitutes a real and present danger to people’s health. Day and n
ight, at home, at work, and at play, noise can produce serious physical and
psychological stress. No one is immune to this stress. Though we seem to
adjust to noise by ignoring it, the ear, in fact, never closes and the body sti
ll responds—sometimes with extreme tension, as to a strange sound in the
night.The annoyance we feel when faced with noise is the most common outwa
rd symptom of the stress building up inside us. Indeed, because irritability
is so apparent, legislators have made public annoyance the basis of many
noise abatement programs. The more subtle and more serious health haza
rds associated with stress caused by noise traditionally have been given m
uch less attention. Nevertheless, when we are annoyed or made irritable b
y noise, we should consider these symptoms fair warning that other thing
may be happening to us, some of which may be damaging to our health.
Of many health hazards to noise, hearing loss is the most clearly observab
le and measurable by health professionals. The other hazards are harder to
pin down. For many of us, there may be a risk that exposure to the stress
of noise increases susceptibility to disease and infection. The more susc
eptible among us may experience noise as a complicating factor in heart p
roblems and other diseases. Noise that causes annoyance and irritability i
n health persons may have serious consequences for these already ill in m
ind or body.
Noise affects us throughout our lives. For example, there are indications o
f effects on the unborn child when mothers are exposed to industrial and e
nvironmental noise. During infancy and childhood, youngsters exposed to
high noise levels may have trouble falling asleep and obtaining necessary
amounts of rest.Why, then, is there not greater alarm about these dangers? Perhaps it is be
cause the link between noise and many disabilities or diseases has not yet
been conclusively demonstrated. Perhaps it is because we tend to dismiss
annoyance as a price to pay for living in the modern world. It may also be
because we still think of hearing loss as only an occupational hazard.
1. In Paragraph 1, the phrase “immune to” are used to mean ___.
A. unaffected by
B. hurt by
C. unlikely to be seen by
D. unknown by
2. The author’s attitude toward noise would best be described as ___.
A. unrealistic
B. traditional
C. concerned
D. hysterical
3. Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?
A. Noise is a major problem; most people recognize its importance.
B. Although noise can be annoying, it is not a major problem.C. Noise is a major problem and has not yet been recognized as such.
D. Noise is a major problem about which nothing can be done.
4. The author condemns noise essentially because it ___.
A. is against the law
B. can make some people irritable
C. is a nuisance
D. in a ganger to people’s health
5.
The author would probably consider research about the effects noise has o
n people to be ___.
A. unimportant
B. impossible.
C. a waste of money
D. essential
第十八篇答案：ACCDD
第十九篇(Unit 5,Passage 3)
Is language, like food, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from th
e drastic experiment of Frederick I in the thirteenth century, it may be hop
ing to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother t
ongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.
All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than l
ack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without go
od mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is
seriously affected.
Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Neverthele
ss, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason fo
r this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose br
ain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are
neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never
be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at right t
ime, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.
Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at
a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child
who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles
and makes bowel – like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocab
ulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which
he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his
parents in born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man’s br
ain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enab
les a child to commect the sight and feel of, say, a toy – bear with the sou
nd pattern “toy – bear”. And even more incredible is the young brain’s abi
lity to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around hi
m, to analyse, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new w
ays.
But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the
mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child
’s babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of t
he mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets disc
ouraged and sends out only the obvious signals,. Sensitivity to the child’s
non – verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of langua
ge.
1. The purpose of Frederick I’s experiment was ____.
A. to prove that children are born with ability to speak
B.to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any huma
n speak
C.
to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to spe
ak
D. to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language
2.
The reason that some children are backward in speaking is most likely tha
t ____.
A. they are incapable of learning language rapidly
B. they are exposed to too much language at once
C. their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak
D. their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them
3. What is particularly remarkable about a child is that ____.
A. he is born with the capacity to speak
B. he has a brain more complex than an animal’s
C. he can produce his own sentences
D. he owes his speech ability to good nursing
4. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. The faculty of speech is inborn in man.
B. The child’s brain is highly selective.
C. Most children learn their language in definite stages.
D. All the above
5. If a child starts to speak later than others, he will ____in future.
A. have a high IQ B. be less intelligent
C. be insensitive to verbal signals D. not necessarily be backward
第十九篇答案：BCCDD
第二十篇：（Unit 5,Passage 4）
Hong Kong, major commercial center for Asia, and with a population whi
ch has grown at an alarming rate to over 5 million, is a city highly depend
ent on mass transit of all sorts, both local and long distance. The average
Hong Kong worker or businessman, going about his daily activities, simp
ly must use public transportation at one time or another.
Because Hong Kong is in two parts, Kowloon, on the mainland side, and
Hong Kong, the island, with Hong Kong’s harbor in between, Hong Kong
’s mass transit systems, in addition to going over land must also cross water.
Going from home to work, or going shopping from one side of the harbor
to the other, the Hong Kong resident has three choices. One way is to take
a bus, which will cross the harbor through an underwater traffic tunnel m
oving slowly through bumper-to-bumper traffic. Another way is by ferr
yboat, a pleasant ride which crosses the harbor in from seven to fifteen mi
nutes.
But by far the fastest way of crossing the harbor is the newly built underg
round electric railway, the Hong Kong Metro. If one boards the train in th
e Central District, the commercial area of Hong Kong on the island side,
he can speed across the harbor in an astonishing three minutes. On the oth
er side of the harbor the railway continues, snaking back and forth throug
h the outlying districts of Kowloon, allowing one to get off a short distanc
e from his destination.
The story of the Metro is an encouraging one for supporters of mass trans
it. Although building the system was certainly a challenging task, the Jap
anese firm hired to construct it did so in record time. Construction got un
derway in 1979 and it was completed in 1980.For the average commuter the system has only one disadvantages: it is m
ore expensive than by bus or ferry. One can ride the bus across the harbor
for half as much, or he can ride the ferry across for less than one-fifth as
much.
1. Hong Kong ___.
A. can do without mass transit.
B. finds public transportation too expensive.
C. needs public transportation.
D. has an insufficient mass transit system.
2. Hong Kong Public transportation extends ___.
A. over hills and valleys.
B. across land and water.
C. through mountains.
D. throughout the Kowloon area.
3. The traffic in the underwater traffic tunnel is ___.
A. heavy
B. light
C. fast
D. dangerous4. Crossing the harbor by train is ___.
A. by far the most economical method.
B. the most pleasant method.
C. the least pleasant method.
D. the fastest method.
5.
The business area on the island side of Hong Kong is referred to be as __
_.
A. Kowloon
B. the Central District
C. the Hong Kong Metro
D. the Hong Kong’s harbor.
第二十篇答案：CBADB
第21篇(Unit 6,Passage 1)
The Reader’s digest investigation asked Americans which was the biggest
threat to the nation’s future—big business, big labor or big government. Awhopping 67 percent replied “ big government”
Opinion researchers rarely see such a vast change in public attitude. Whe
n put in historical perspective, from the time of Franklin Roosevelt’s New
Deal to the present, the fallen status of government as a protector and ben
efactor is extraordinary. We’ve returned to the instinctive American warin
ess of Washington so common before the Great Depression.
In our poll, taken before the November elections, the overwhelming majo
rity of our respondents wanted to stop or roll back the impact of governm
ent. In answer to another question posed by The Digest, 79 percent said th
ey wanted either no more than the current level of government services an
d taxes, or less government and lower taxes.
“ It seems to me that we in the middle class bear most of the burden,” sa
ys Jone Nell Norman, 61, a nurse in Dyersburg, Tenn., who often wonder
s about the government’s judgement in spending her money.
Of Americans in our sample, 62 percent believe that politician’s ethics an
d honesty have fallen. And what about Congress? Is it doing a good job?
Or do members “ spend more time thinking about their political futures th
an passing good legislation?” Across generations, a thumping 89 percent t
hought the latter. “Congress always seems to be screwing up,” says one young Xer.
However, Americans are satisfied with their own lives and jobs. Four of fi
ve respondents were “completely “ or “ somewhat “ satisfied. The figures
held up across all ages – including Xer, whom many pundits have claime
d are pessimistic about their future.
Looking deeper at jobs, we found 70 percent of Americans believe they a
re about where they should be, given their talents and effort. This is an iss
ue where age always makes a difference, since older people, who are mor
e established in their jobs tend to be more satisfied, while younger worker
s are still trying to find the right niche. Sure enough, Xers scored 65 perce
nt, about five points below average.
1. The U.
S. government status in the public mind before the Great Depression ____
.
A. was regarded as quite normal
B. used to be very low
C. remained a difficult problem for the federal government
D. reminded people of the principles laid down by Washington2.”Xers” is repeated several times to refer to
A. accusers B. younger respondents
C. college students D. blue-collar workers
3. The 61-years-
old nurse Norman is mentioned in the article to show that ____.
A. the government has cheated her out of her money
B. it is hard for her to earn a living
C. even a retired nurse has lost faith in the government
D.
the more the government does the greater stake tax – payers’ money will
be put at
4.”Screwing up “ in paragraph 5 may be paraphrased as ____.
A. indecisive in making decisions B. benefiting the nation in earnest
C. making a mess of everything D. debating hotly
5.”Political future “ in paragraph 5 may be paraphrased as ____.
A. the future of the whole nation B. people’s well – being in the future
C. a position of higher rank D. awareness of consistency in policies
第21篇答案：BBDCC第22篇(Unit 6,Passage 2)
Everyone has a moment in history, which belongs particularly to him. It is
the moment when his emotions achieve their most powerful sway over hi
m, and afterward when you say to this person “the world today” or “life”
or “reality” he will assume that you mean this moment, even if it
is fifty years past. The world, through his unleashed （ 释
放的）emotions, imprinted itself upon him, and he carries
the stamp of that passing moment forever.
For me, this moment—four years in a moment in history—was the war. T
he war was and is reality for me. I still instinctively live and think in its at
mosphere. These are some of its characteristics: Franklin Delano Rooseve
lt is the president of the United States, and he always has been. The other
two eternal world leaders are Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin. Ameri
ca is not, never has been, and never will be what the song and poems call
it, a land of plenty. Nylon, meat, gasoline, and steel are rare. There are t
oo many jobs and not enough workers. Money is very easy to earn but rat
her hard to spend, because there isn’t very much to buy. Trains are always
late and always crowded with “service men”. The war will always be fou
ght very far from America, and it will never end. Nothing in America stands still for very long, including the people who are always either leaving
or on leave. People in America cry often. Sixteen is the key and crucial an
d natural age for a human being to be, and people of all other ages are r
anged in an orderly manner ahead of and behind you as a harmonious sett
ing for the sixteen-year-olds of the world. When you are sixteen, adults ar
e slightly impressed and almost intimidated by you. This is a puzzle finall
y solved by the realization that they foresee your military future: fighting
for them. You do not foresee it. To waste anything in America is immoral.
String and tinfoil are treasures. Newspapers are always crowed with stran
ge maps and names of towns, and every few months the earth seems to
lurch（突然倾斜）from its path when you see something in
the newspapers, such as the time Mussolini, who almost
seemed one of the eternal leaders, is photographed hangin
g upside down on a meat hook.
1. Which statement best depicts the main idea of the first paragraph?
A. Reality is what you make of it.
B. Time is like a river.
C. Emotions are powerful.
D. Every person has a special moment.
2. Why does the author still clearly remember the war?A. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was President.
B. It was his personal reality and part of his life.
C. There was not much to buy.
D. The war would never end.
3. Which statement best describes the author’s feelings about the war?
A. It was ever real for him, yet he was not actively involved.
B. It was real for him because he was a soldier at that time.
C. It was very unreal to him.
D. The war was very disruptive to the people at home.
4. Why does the author think that adults are impressed with sixteen-year-
olds?
A. Adults would like to be young.
B. Sixteen-year-olds do not waste things.
C. Sixteen-year-olds read newspapers.
D. They will be fighting soon for adults.
5. Why does the author say that string and tinfoil are treasures?
A. The war has made them scarce.
B. They are useful to sixteen-year-olds.
C. He liked them when he was sixteen.D. People are very wasteful.
第二十二篇答案：DBADA
第二十三篇：(Unit 6,Passage 3)
In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterpris
es directed by a bureaucratic(官僚主义的) management in
which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machi
nery. The oiling is done with higher wages, Nell-ventilated
factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human –
relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has be
come powerless, that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and the white-
collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of a
utomated machines and bureaucratic management.
The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find t
hemselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to a
cquire any real satisfaction of interesting life. They live an die without ev
er having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are n
o less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecur
e in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted
or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-
respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence
as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. Fro
m the moment on they are tested again and again – by the psychologists, f
or whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their
behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prov
e that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow – competitor creates co
nstant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
Am I suggesting that we should return to the preidustrial mode of product
ion or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise “ capitalism? Certainly not. P
roblems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already ou
tgrown. I suggest transforming our social system form a bureaucraticall
y managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption
are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and ful
l development of his potentialities – those of all love and of reason – are t
he aims of social arrangements. Production and consumption should serveonly as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.
1. By “ a well-
oiled cog in the machinery “ the author intends to deliver the idea that ma
n is ____.
A.
a necessary part of the society though each individual’s function is negligi
ble
B. working in complete harmony with the rest of the society
C. an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society
D. a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly
2.
The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that ____.
A. they are likely to lose their hobs
B. they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life
C. they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence
D. they are deprived of their individuality and independence
3.
From the passage we can conclude that real happiness of life belongs to th
ose _____.A. who are at the bottom of the society
B. who are higher up in their social status
C. who prove better than their fellow – competitors
D. who could dip far away from this competitive world
4.
To solve the present social problems the author puts foruard a suggestion
that we should ______.
A. resort to the production mode of our ancestors
B. offer higher wages to the workers and employees
C. enable man to fully develop his potentialities
D. take the fundamental realities for granted
5.
The author’s attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as
one of ______.
A. approval B. dissatisfaction
C. suspicion D. susceptibility
第23篇答案：CDDCB
第24篇：(Unit 6,Passage 4)Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient i
nstitution, which has existed for at least six thousand years. It was always
bad and usually foolish, but in the past human race managed to live with i
t. Modern ingenuity has changed this. Either man will abolish war, or war
will abolish man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the mos
t serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before lon
g, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapo
ns, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeed
ed in abolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look up
on international questions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which
the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in killing people, but by
arbitration in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is not easy to ch
ange very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.
There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology would p
revent war. I believe this to be a big error. All ideologies are based upon d
ogmatic statements that are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. T
heir adherents believe in them so fanatically that they are willing to go to
war in support of them.
The movement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcome. It has become a commonplace that nucle
ar war must be avoided. Of course very difficult problems remain in the
world, but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one th
an it was some years ago. It has begun to be thought, even by the powerfu
l men who decide whether we shall live or die, that negotiations should re
ach agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly sat
isfactory. It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowad
ays is not between different countries, but between man and the atom bo
mb.
1. This passage implies that war is now ___.
A. worse than in the past.
B. as bad as in the past
C. not so dangerous as in the past
D. as necessary as in the past
2.
In the sentence “To do this, we need to persuade mankind” (Para 1), “this
” refers to ___.
A. abolish war
B. improve weapons
C. solve international problemsD. live a peaceful life
3. From Paragraph 2 we learn that the author of the passage ___.
A. is an adherent of some modern ideologies.
B. does not think that adoption of any ideology could prevent war.
C. believe that the adoption of some ideology could prevent war.
D. does not doubt the truth of any ideologies.
4. According to the author, ___.
A. war is the only way to solve international disputes.
B. war will be less dangerous because of the improvement of weapons.
C. it is impossible for the people to live without war.
D. war must be abolished if man wants to survive.
5. The last paragraph suggests that ___.
A. international agreements can be reached more easily now.
B. man begins to realize the danger of nuclear war.
C. nuclear war will definitely not take place.
D. world opinion welcomes nuclear war第二十四篇答案：AABDB
第二十五篇：(Unit 7, Passage 1)
Western airliner manufacturers seem to be tripping over themselves in the
ir eagerness to sign collaborative agreements with Asian partners as a low
-cost route to developing new airliners. Their potential Asian partners see
m to be tripping over themselves to sign such agreements, as a low-cost r
oute to acquiring new airliner technology. If they are not careful the two s
ides will end up tripping over each other: the one by selling its birth-right
for short-term gain, the other by trying to break into a market which isn’
t big enough to sustain it.
Technology transfer works in a growing market, where the aspirations of t
he new entrant receiving that technology can be met through expansion. T
he airliner market is not such a device.
Even the most optimistic projections of airliner sales for the next 20 years
show that airliner manufacture can only be profitable if a small number of
aircraft builders share the available sales. It follows that if new manufactu
rers come into the market and take sales, their sales must come from subst
itution, not expansion.Given the complexity of today’s airliners, it is unlikely that any new entra
nt will have both the financial and technical resources to come into the m
arket without the involvement of an established manufacturer. In the short
term, such involvement may not be to the exclusive benefit of the new ent
rant: most of the established manufacturers are searching for ways to redu
ce costs of manufacture.
In the short term,, it can be of benefit to an established Western manufact
urer to have either components of complete air – frames made or assembl
ed in lower-wage economics such a China, Taiwan or Korea, while retaini
ng the design, development and marketing of aircraft for itself. It would b
e a very unwise Western manufacturer which did not heed the fact that the
se developing economies are acquiring skills ( like computing ) at least as
quickly as they are acquiring skills in metallbashing.
The danger comes when the new entrant no longer needs the established
Western partner because it has acquired the technical and intellectual abili
ty to design and build its own aircraft. An Asian partner may well find its
elf in the happy position of having the low-cost labour base, the high-
cost technology base and the vital financial base to build a new airliner.1.
The author’s attitude towards Western/eastern collaboration can be depict
ed as ________.
A. positive B. progressive C. conservative D. negative
2.”The airliner market is not such a device “ means that the airliner marke
t _______.
A. does not encourage technology transfer
B. is too limited to offer chances of success
C. requires hi-tech rather than unaccepted devices
D. is full of competitions even for new entrants
3. Established manufacturers search for partners in order to _______.
A. save the cost of the airframe B. improve some aircraft components
C. save the cost of labour D. develop new technology
4.
According to the author, a wise established manufacturer should ______.
A. try to benefit from both financial and technical resources
B. break up his partnership with the East once profits are made
C:keep a tight told over hi-tech development and marketing of airliners
D. collaborate with Asian partners for a short time5. The word “base” in the last paragraph represents_______.
A. a production place
B. the initial operation of building aircraft
C. a research institute
D. a position where to start building
第二十五篇答案：CDADA
第二十六篇：(Unit 7, Passage 2)
There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact w
ith one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system,
the administered system, and the traditional system.
In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among e
ach other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other
economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions ma
y take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real good
s such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Ob
viously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for
a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence, the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the moder
n market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money.
An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some age
ncy over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to
how much of each good and service should be produced, exchanged, and
consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of
administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the govern
ment, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various fir
ms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an exa
mple of complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange f
or the whole economy.
In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governe
d by tradition; every person’s place within the economic system is fixed b
y parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of
tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an o
bligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, ca
re for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system w
here every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may
be difficult to achieve. A stagnant society may result.1. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To outline contrasting types of economic systems.
B. To explain the science of economics.
C. To argue for the superiority of one economic system.
D. To compare barter and money-exchange markets.
2.
In the second paragraph, the word “real” in “real goods” could best be rep
laced by ___,
A. high quality
B. concrete
C. utter
D. authentic.
3. According to the passage, a barter economy can generate ___.
A. rapid speed of transactions.
B. misunderstandings.
C. inflation
D. difficulties for the traders.
4.
According to the passage, who has the greatest degree of control in the administered system?
A. Individual households
B. Small businesses.
C. Major corporations.
D. The government.
5.
Which of the following is not mentioned by the author as a criterion for d
etermining a person’s position in a traditional society?
A. Family background
B. Age
C. Religious beliefs.
D. Custom
第26篇答案：ABDDB
第27篇：(Unit 7, Passage 3)
The American economic system is organized around a basically private-
enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determi
ne what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for
those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with
other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pre
ssures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Th
us, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consu
mers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the
desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine
what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by w
hich consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers.
In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system,
a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of c
onsumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in sho
rt supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consu
mers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing
more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase
the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price
and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulati
ng mechanism in the America economic system.
The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individual are
allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goo
ds and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept
of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resour
ces but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a p
roduct or to make a free contract with another private individual.
1.
In Para. 1, “ the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes” means _
__.
A. Americans never feel satisfied with their incomes.
B. Americans tend to overstate the amount of their incomes.
C. Americans want to have their incomes increased.
D. Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes.
2.
The first two sentences in the second paragraph clarity the idea to us that
___.
A. producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production.
B. consumers can express their demands through producers.
C. producers decide the prices of products.
D. supply and demand regulate prices.3. The word “embraces” in Para. 3 probably parallels ___.
A. enfold
B. hug
C. comprehend
D. support
4. According to the passage, a private-
enterprise economy is characterized by ___.
A. private property and rights concerned.
B. manpower and natural resources control.
C. ownership of productive resources
D. free contracts and prices.
5. The passage is mainly talking about ___.
A. how American goods are produced.
B. how American consumers buy their goods.
C. how American economic system works.
D. how American businessman make their profits.
第27篇答案：DDCAC第28篇：(Unit 7, Passage 4)
The government-run command post in Tunis is staffed around the clock b
y military personnel, meteorologists and civilians. On the wall are maps,
crisscrossed with brightly colors arrows that painstakingly track the fears
ome path of the enemy.
What kind of invader gives rise to such high-level monit
oring? Not man, not beast, but the lowly desert locust.
（蝗虫） In recent months, billions of the 3-inch-long wi
nged warriors have descended on Algeria, Libya, Morocco
and Tunisia, blackening the sky and eating up crops and veget
ation. The insect invasion, the worst in 30 years, is already creating great
destruction in the Middle East and is now treating southern Europe. The c
urrent crisis began in late 1985 near the Red Sea. Unusually rainy weathe
r moistened the sands of the Sudan, making them ideal breeding grounds
for the locust, which lays its eggs in the earth. The insect onslaught threat
ens to create yet another African famine. Each locust can eat its weight (n
ot quite a tenth of an ounce) in vegetation every 24 hours. A good-size sw
arm of 50 billion insects eats up 100,000 tons of grass, trees and crops in
a single night.All ﹩ 150 million may be needed this year. The U.
S. has provided two spraying planes and about 50,000 ga
l. of pesticide. The European Community has donated ﹩3.
8 million in aid and the Soviet Union, Canada, Japan a
nd China have provided chemical-spraying aircraft to help wipe
out the pests. But relief efforts are hampered by the relative mildness of a
pproved pesticides, which quickly lose their deadly punch and require fre
quent replications. The most effective locust killer dieldrin has been linke
d to cancer and is banned by many Western countries and some of the affe
cted African nations. More then 5 million acres have been dusted with loc
ust-killing chemicals; another 5 million will be treated by the end of June.
On May 30, representatives of Tunisia, Algeria, Libya, Morocco and Mau
ritania will meet in Algiers to discuss tactics to wipe out the ravenous swa
rms. The move is an important step, but whatever plan is devised, the loc
ust plague promised to get worse before the insects can be brought under
control.
1. The main idea of the first sentence in the passage is that ___.
A. the command post is stationed with people all the time.
B. the command post is crowed with people all the time.C. there are clocks around the command post.
D. the clock in the command post is taken care of by the staff.
2. The favorable breeding ground for the locust is ___.
A. rich soil.
B. wet land
C. paces covered crops and vegetation
D. the Red Sea
3. People are alert at the threat of the locust because ___.
A. the insects are likely to create another African famine.
B. the insects may blacked the sky.
C. the number of the insects increases drastically.
D. the insects are gathering and moving in great speed.
4. Which of the following is true?
A. Once the pesticides are used, locust will die immediately.
B.
Relief efforts are proved most fruitful due to the effectiveness of certain p
esticides.
C.
Dieldrin, the most effective locust killer, has been widely accepted in many countries.
D.
Over 10 million acres of affected area will have been treated with locust-
killing chemicals by the end of June.
5. The purpose for affected nations to meet in Algiers on May 30 is ___.
A. to devise antilocust plans.
B. to wipe out the swarms in two years.
C. to call out for additional financial aid from other nations.
D. to bring the insects under control before the plague gets worse.
第二十八篇答案：BBADA
第二十九篇：(Unit 8, Passage 1)
Improbable as it may seem, an increasing number of Germans are giving
up their elegant Mercedeses, sleek BMWs and ferociously fast Porsches a
nd getting behind the wheels of imported American models – fro plush C
adillacs to more prosaic Fords. Unlike the cars produced by Detroit’s Eur
opean subsidiaries, these cars are as American as apple pie and watery be
er. And thanks to a favorable exchange rate, they are more affordable than
ever Last year Germans bought 12 477 new U. S. –built cars; sales are expected to double this year.
Like blue jeans, this buy – America fad appeals to Germans from all walk
s of life. Once regarded as faulty, flashy, gas – guzzling Goliaths, Americ
an autos are – thanks in large measure to foreign competition –more stylis
h and reliable than in years past. Tugged, off- road vehicles like the four-
wheel drive Jeep Cherokee are now the hot wheels to drive among Germa
ny’s thirty- something set. Owners and Aficionados of American – made
care also boast their cars are cheaper to maintain.
But that’s not the main reason German motorists are choosing U.
S. imports – It’s their price. Even after the cost of overseas shipping is inc
luded, American – made cars offer more value – and deluxe features – for
less money than German models. A Chrysler LeBaron convertible sells fo
r 35 000 marks; a BMW 320i convertible, by comparison, commands 10
000 marks more. And U.
S. autos come with standard equipment – electric windows, automatic loc
ks and sun roofs – that’s available only as expensive options on German
models.
Owning an American car in Germany is not for everybody. But the worst
headaches come form the German bureaucracy. Johann Erben, a Greiburgdental lab technician, purchased a LeBaron convertible during a U.
S. trip in November – and has yet to drive it one kilometer. First, he waite
d months for the proper registration documents to arrive; then he spent m
ore than 1 000 marks to have it comply with German regulations. Even so
, safety inspectors refused to approve it until he changed the headlights an
d windows to European Community standards. “There I was with my sup
ermodern, $ 20,000 car and unable to get it through inspection,” Erben re
called.
1. Detroit’s European subsidiaries _______.
A. produce the same models as Detroit supplies in the U. S. market
B. provide cars of European styles
C. produce cars that are thought to be un-American by Germans
D. could hardly meet the demand for American cars last year
2. The buy-
American fad that appeals to Germans most seems to be _______.
A. blue jeans B. apple pie
C. U. S.-made cars D. watery beer
3. As for Germans, American cars not only are cheaper but _______.
A. endures wear and tear B. are adaptable to road conditionsC. provides greater space D. offers more deluxe features
4. Which of the following statements is true?
A. American cars used to consume a lot of oil.
B. Japanese cars still lead the German market.
C. The U. S. motor industry is now confident to cope with recession.
D.
German cars are going to provide the same standard equipment as Americ
an-made cars.
5. European Community standards probably are _______.
A. a law to control the amount of imported goods from other continents
B. a set of standards to inspect imported cars
C. a system to regulate measures of manufactured goods
D. a set of standards to control product quality
第29篇答案：CADAC
第30篇：(Unit 8, Passage 2)
How often do you sit still and do absolutely nothing? The usual answer th
ese days is “never”, or “hardly ever”. As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of r
ushing through life, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to
slow down and unwind. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and
body.
Stress is a natural part of everyday life. There is no way to avoid it, since
it takes many and varied forms--driving in traffic, problems with personal
relationships are all different forms of stress. Stress, in fact, is not the “ba
ddy” it is often reputed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide
motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of c
ontrol that it can lead to level performance and ill health.
The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the in
dividual. Some people thrive on stress, and such characters are obviously
prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others crumple at the sight
of unusual difficulties.
When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and
physically. In fact, we invoke the “fight” mechanism, which in more prim
itive days made the difference between life and death. The crises we meet
today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however minimal the stress, it inv
olves the same response. All the energy is diverted to cope with the stress,with the result that other functions, such as digestion, are neglected.
It is when such a reaction is prolonged, through continue
d exposure to stress, that health becomes endangered. Such
serious conditions as high blood pressure, coronary heart d
isease（冠心病）all have established links with stress. The
way stress affects a person also varies with the individual. Stress i
n some people produces stomach disorders, while others succumb to tensi
on headaches. Since we cannot remove stress from our lives, we need to f
ind ways to cope with it.
1.
The reason that many people find it very difficult to relax these days is th
at ___.
A. they are working harder than they used to be.
B. they are often too busy to find the time.
C. they are suffering from the effects of stress.
D. they are not clear of how to relax by themselves.
2. We learn from the passage that ___.
A.
how much stress one can bear depends greatly on whether he knows the art of relaxation.
B.
people in primitive days survived from stress because they found certain
mechanism to cope with it.
C.
if one gets into the habit of relaxing every day he can overcome stress eas
ily.
D.
stress can lead to serious health problem if one is exposed to it for too lon
g.
3.
The sentence “Stress, in fact, is not the ‘baddy’ it is often reputed to be” s
uggests that ___.
A. stress used to have a bad reputation of causing ill health.
B. we should not take it for granted that stress is unavoidable.
C. stress is not so terrible as people often believe it to be.
D. people do not think stress is as harmful as it was before.
4. The pronoun “it” at the end of the passage refers back to __.
A. ill health
B. exposureC. reaction
D. stress.
5. What is writer’s attitude to stress according to the passage?
A. Stress as well as relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.
B. Stress produces both positive and negative effects on people.
C. Stress should not be eliminated completely from the life.
D. People usually work better under stress if they are healthy.
第30篇答案：BDCDB
第31篇：(Unit 8, Passage 3)
For four lonely years, Evelyn Jones of Rockford, Illinois, lived friendless
and forgotten in one room of a cheap hotel. “I wasn’t sick, but I was actin
g sick,” the 78-year-old widow says. “Every day was the same—I would j
ust lie on my bed and maybe cook up some soup.” Then, six months ag
o, she was invited to “The Brighter Side”—Rockford’s day care center for
the elderly. Every weekday morning since then, she has left her home tomeet nine other old people in a church for a rich program of charity work,
trips, games, and—most important of all—friendly companionship.
Just a few years ago, there were few choices for the elderly between a nor
mal life in their own homes and being totally confined in nursing homes.
Many of them were sent to rest homes long before they needed full-time c
are. Others like Mrs. Jones, were left to take care of themselves. But in 19
71, the White House Conference on Aging called for the development of
alternatives to care in nursing homes for old people, and since then, gover
nment-supported day-care programs like The Brighter Side have been dev
eloped in most big American cities.
“This represents a real alternative to the feared institution and makes old
people believe they have not left the world of living,” says Alice Brophy,
64, director of New York City’s Office for the Aging. “They do well at th
e centers, and I hate it when people describe us as elderly playpens.” New
York’s 138 centers encourage continuing contact for the aged with the co
mmunity’s life. The centers serve more than 15,000 members, and volunt
eer workers are always looking for new ones. If someone doesn’t show up
at the center for several days in a row, a worker at the center calls to make
sure all is well. And although participation in the center is free, those who
want to can pay for their lunches.No normal studies have been made of these centers for the elderly, but go
vernment officials are enthusiastic. In the future, the Public Health Servic
e will do a study to decide if the programs can receive federal Medicare
money. And the old people themselves are very happy with the programs.
“There is no way,” says Evelyn Jones, smiling at her new companions at t
he Brighter Side, “that I will ever go back to spending my day with all tho
se loses at the hotel.”
1. What is the main idea of the article?
A. Day care centers may be able to receive federal Medicare money.
B. Day care centers can make life better for elderly people.
C. Many old people in the United States are lonely.
D. Old people have no place in their society.
2.
According to Para 2, why did many old people have to go to nursing hom
es?
A. They need full-time care.
B. They wanted to go there.
C. They were sent there.
D. They were volunteers there.3. According to Alice Brophy (in Paragraph 3)___.
A. the centers are like elderly playpens.
B. the old people do well at the day care centers.
C. old people like nursing institutions.
D. outside the Brighter side they don’t work for the old.
4.“This represents a real alternative to the feared institution.” (in Paragrap
h 3) In the sentence “this” means ___.
A. most big American cities.
B. rest homes.
C. day care programs.
D. the White House Conference on aging.
5.
How does the writer of the article seem to feel about day care centers for t
he elderly?
A. The writer approves of them.
B. The writer disapproves of them.
C. The writer thinks nursing homes are better.
D. He doesn’t say anything about it.第31篇答案：BCBCA
第32篇：(Unit 8, Passage 4)
Drunken driving--sometimes called America’s socially accepted form of
murder--has become a national epidemic. Every hour of every day about t
hree Americans on average are killed by drunken drivers, adding up to an
incredible 250,000 over the past decade.
A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0.10 blood alcohol cont
ent or roughly three beers, glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk withi
n two hours. Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the America
n macho image and judges were lenient in most courts, but the drunken
slaughter has recently caused so many well-publicized tragedies, especiall
y involving young children, that public opinion is no longer so tolerant.
Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21, reversing a trend i
n the 1960s to reduce it to 18. After New Jersey lowered it to 18, the num
ber of people killed by 18-20-year-old drivers more than doubled, so the s
tate recently upped it back to 21.
Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programs to help young people to devel
op “responsible attitudes” about drinking and teach them to resist peer pre
ssure to drink.
Though new laws have led to increased arrests and tests and, in many are
as already, to a marked decline in fatalities. Some states are also penalizin
g bars for serving customers too many drinks. A tavern in Massachusetts
was fined for serving six or more double brandies to a customer who “ob
viously intoxicated” and later drove off the road, killing a nine-year-old b
oy.
As the fatalities continue to occur daily in every state, some Americans ar
e even beginning to speak well of the 13 years of national prohibition of a
lcohol that began in 1919, what President Hoover called the “ noble exper
iment.” They forgot that legal prohibition didn’t stop drinking, but encour
aged political corruption and organized crime. As with the booming drug
trade generally, there is no easy solution.
1.
Drunken driving had become a major problem in America because ___.
A. most Americans are heavy drinkers.
B. Americans are now less shocked by road accidents.C. accidents attract so much publicity.
D. drinking is a socially accepted habit in America.
2. Why has public opinion regarding drunken driving changed?
A. Because detailed statistics are now available.
B. Because the news media have highlighted the problem.
C. Because judges are giving more severe sentences.
D. Because drivers are more conscious of their image.
3. Statistics issued in New Jersey suggested that ___.
A. many drivers were not of legal age.
B. young drivers were often bad drivers.
C. the level of drinking increased in the 1960s.
D. the legal drinking age should be raised.
4. Laws recently introduced in some states have ___.
A. reduced the number of convictions.
B. resulted in fewer serious accidents.
C. prevented bars from serving drunken customers.
D. specified the amount drivers can drink.
5. Why is the problem of drinking and driving difficult to solve?A. Because alcohol is easily obtained.
B. Because drinking is linked to organized crime.
C. Because legal prohibition has already failed.
D. Because legislation alone is not sufficient.
第三十二篇答案：DBDBD
第三十三篇：(Unit 9,Passage 1)
Fresh water life itself, has never come easy in the Mid
dle East. Ever since the Old Testament(旧约圣经) God pu
nished man with 40 days and 40 nights of rain, water
supplies here have been dwindling. The rainfall only come
s in winter, Inshallah ----- Good willing –and drains quickly th
rough the semiarid land, leaving the soil to bake and to thirst for next Nov
ember.
The region’s accelerating population, expanding agriculture, industrializat
ion, and higher living standards demand more fresh water. Drought and p
ollution limit its availability. War and mismanagement squander it. Says J
oyce Starr of the Global Water Summit Initiative, based in Washington, D
.C.” Nations like Israel and Jordan are swiftly sliding into that zone where
they are suing all the water resources available to them. They have only 1
5 to 20 years left before their agriculture, and ultimately their food securit
y, is threatened.”
I came here to examine this crisis in the making, to investigate fears that “
water wars “are imminent, that water has replaced oil as the region’s most
contentious commodity. For more than two months I traveled through thr
ee river valleys and seven nations -----from southern Turkey down the E
uphrates River Syria, Iraq, and on to Kuwait; to Israel and Jordan, neighb
ors across the valley of the Jordan; to the timeless Egyptian Nile.
Even amid the scarcity there are haves and have – notes. Compared with t
he United States, which in 1990 had a freshwater potential of 10000 cubic
meters(2.6 million galloons) a year for each citizen, Iraq had 5 500, Turke
y had 4 000, and Syria had more than 2 800. Egypt’s potential was only 1
100. Israel had 460, Jordan a meager 260. But these are not firm figures,
because upstream use of river water can dramatically alter the potential d
ownstream.
Scarcity is only one element of the crisis. Inefficiency is another, as is the
reluctance of some water – poor nations to change priorities from agriculture to less water – intensive enterprises. Some experts suggest that if nati
ons would share both water technology and resources, they could satisfy t
he region’s population, currently 159 million. But in this patchwork of eth
nic and religious rivalries, water seldom stands alone as an issue. It is ent
angled in the politics that keep people from trusting and seeking help fro
m one another. Here, where water, like truth, is precious, each nation tend
s to find its own water and supply its own truth.
As Israeli hydrology professor Uri Shamir told me :” If there is political
will for peace, water will not be a hindrance. If you want reasons to fight,
water will not e a hindrance. If you want reasons to fight, water will give
you ample opportunities.”
1. Why “for next November” (para.1)? Because________.
A.
according to the Ole Testament fresh water is available only in November
B. rainfall comes only in winter starting form November
C. running water systems will not be ready until next November
D.
it is a custom in that region that irrigation to crops is done only in Novem
ber2. What is the cause for the imminent water war?
A. Lack of water resources B. Lack of rainfall
C. Inefficient use of water D. All the above
3. One way for the region to use water efficiently is to _______
A. develop other enterprises that cost less water
B. draw a plan of irrigation for the various nations
C. import water from water – rich nations
D. stop wars of any sort for good and all
4. Uri Shamir’s viewpoint is that ________.
A. nations in that region are just fighting for water
B. people there are thirsty for peace instead of water
C. water is no problem as long as there is peace
D. those nations have every reason to fight for water
5. The author’s tone in the article can be described as ______-.
A. depressing B. urgent C. joking D. mocking
第33篇答案：BDACB
第34篇：(Unit 9,Passage 2)The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from th
e parents during the sensitive “attachment” period from birth to three may
scar a child’s personality and predispose to emotional problems in later lif
e. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby’s work that child
ren should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of
the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But the
re are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.
Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between chi
ldren and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in tradi
tional societies. For example, we saw earlier that among the Ngoni the fat
her and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone--far from it. Seco
ndly, common sense tells us that day care would not so widespread today
if parents, caretakers found children had problems with it. Statistical studi
es of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the re
sults would be certain to be complicated and controversial. Thirdly, in the
last decade, there have been a number of careful American studies of chil
dren in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a ne
utral or slightly positive effect on children’s development. But tests that h
ave had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough ac
cepted to settle the issue.But Bowlby’s analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delaye
d effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental ill
ness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statis
tics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immedi
ate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest
at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three
and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this i
s undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this t
ime. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience and availab
le evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.
1. This passage primarily argues that ___.
A. infants under the age of three should not be sent to nursery schools.
B.
whether children under the age of three should be sent to nursery schools.
C. there is not negative long-
term effect on infants who are sent to school before they are three.
D.
there is some negative effect on children when they are sent to school afte
r the age of three.2. The phrase “predispose to” (Para. 1, line 3) most probably means ___.
A. lead to
B. dispose to
C. get into
D. tend to suffer
3. According to Bowlby’s analysis, it is quite possible that ___.
A.
children’s personalities will be changed to some extent through separation
from their parents.
B. early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children.
C.
children will be exposed to many negative effects from early day care late
r on.
D. some long-
term effects can hardly be reduced from children’s development.
4. It is implied but not stated in the second paragraph that ___.
A. traditional societies separate the child from the parent at an early age.
B.
Children in modern societies cause more troubles than those in traditional
societies.C. A child did not live together with his parents among the Ngoni.
D.
Children in some societies did not have emotional problems when separat
ed from the parents.
5. The writer concludes that ___.
A. it is difficult to make clear what is the right age for nursery school.
B. It is not settled now whether early care is reasonable for children.
C. It is not beneficial for children to be sent to nursery school.
D. It is reasonable to subject a child above three to nursery school.
第三十四篇答案：BDCAD
第三十五篇(Unit 9, Passage 3)
The life story of the human species goes back a million
years, and there is no doubt that man came only recentl
y to the western hemisphere. None of the thousands of
sites of aboriginal (土著的) habitation uncovered in North
and South America has antiquity comparable to that of old Worl
d sites. Man’s occupation of the New World may date several tens of thousands of years, but no one rationally argues that he has been here even 10
0,000 years.
Speculation as to how man found his way to America was lively at the ou
tset, and the proposed routes boxed the compass. With one or two notable
exceptions, however, students of American anthropology soon settled for
the plausible idea that the first immigrants came b way of a land bridge th
at had connected the northeast comer of Asia to the northwest corner of N
orth America across the Bering Strait. Mariners were able to supply the re
assuring information that the strait is not only narrow – it is 56 miles wide
– but also shallow, a lowering of the sea level there
by 100 feet or so would transform the strait into an is
thmus (地峡). With little eels in the way of evidence to
sustain the Bering Strait land bridge, anthropologists ( 人 类
学 家 ) embraced the idea that man walked dryshod ( 不 湿
鞋的) from Asia to America.
Toward the end of the last century, however, it became apparent that the
Western Hemisphere was the New World not only for man but also for a h
ost of animals and plants. Zoologists and botanists showed that numerous
subjects of their respective kingdoms must have originated in Asia and sp
read to America. These findings were neither astonishing nor wholly unexpected. Such spread of populations is not to be envisioned as an exodus
or mass migration, even in the case of animals. It is, rather, a spilling into
new territory that accompanies increase in numbers, with movement in th
e direction of least population pressure and most favorable ecological con
ditions. But the immense traffic in plant and animal’s forms placed a heav
y burden on the Bering Strait land bridge as the anthropologists ahead env
isioned it. Whereas purposeful men could make their way across a narrow
bridge, the slow diffusion of plant and animals would require an avenue a
s a continent and available for ages at a stretch.
1.
The movement of plants and animals form Asia to America indicates ___
___.
A. that they could not have traveled across the Bering Strait
B.
that Asia and the Western hemisphere were connected by a large land mas
s
C. that the Bering Sea was an isthmus at one time
D. that migration was in the one direction only
2. The author is refuting the notion that _____.
A. life arose in America independently of life in EuropeB. the first settlers in America came during the sixteenth century
C. a large continent once existed which has disappeared
D. man was a host to animals and plants
3.
By using the words “boxed the compass “(in Line 7) the author implies th
at _____.
A. the migration of mankind was from West to East
B. the migration of mankind was from East to West
C. mankind traveled in all directions
D. mankind walked from Asia to America
4. One reason for the migration not mentioned by the author is _____.
A. overcrowding
B. favorable environmental conditions
C. famine
D. the existence of a land bridge
5.
We may assume that in the paragraph that follows this passage the author
argues about______.
A. the contributions of anthropologistB. the contributions of zoologists and botanists
C. the contributions made by the American Indians
D. the existence of a large land mass between Asia and North America
第35篇答案：BCCCD
第36篇(Unit 9, Passage 4)
There was on shop in the town of Mufulira, which was notorious for its c
olor bar. It was a drugstore. While Europeans were served at the counter,
a long line of Africans queued at the window and often not only were kep
t waiting but, when their turn came to be served, were rudely treated by
the shop assistants. One day I was determined to make a public protest ag
ainst this kind of thing, and many of the schoolboys in my class followed
me to the store and waited outside to see what would happen when I went
in.
I simply went into the shop and asked the manager politely for some medi
cine. As soon as he saw me standing in the place where only European cu
stomers were allowed to stand he shouted at me in a bastard language that
is only used by an employed when speaking to his servants. I stood at the
counter and politely requested in English that I should be served. The manager became exasperated and said to me in English, “If you stand there ti
ll Christmas I will never serve you.”
I went to the District commissioner’s office. Fortunately the District Com
missioner was out, for he was one of the old school; however, I saw a you
ng District Officer who was a friend of mine. He was very concerned to h
ear my story and told me that if ever I wanted anything more from the d
rugstore all I had to do was come to him personally and he would buy my
medicine for me. I protested that that was not good enough. I asked him t
o accompany me back to the store and to make a protest to the manager. T
his he did, and I well remember him saying to the manager, “Here is Mr.
Kaunda who is a responsible member of the Urban Advisory Council, and
you treat him like a common servant.” The manager of the drugstore apol
ogized and said, “If only he had introduced himself and explained who he
was, then, of course I should have given him proper service.”
I had to explain once again that he had missed my point. Why should I ha
ve to introduce myself every time I went into a store…any more than I sh
ould have to buy my medicine by going to a European friend? I want to pr
ove that any man of any color, whatever his position, should have the righ
t to go into any shop and buy what he wanted.1.“Color bar” in the first paragraph comes closest in meaning to ___.
A. a bar which is painted in different colors.
B. the fact that white and black customers are served separately.
C. a bar of chocolate having different colors.
D. a counter where people of different colors are served with beer.
2. The writer was, at the time of the story, ___.
A. a black school teacher
B. an African servant
C. a black, but a friend of Europeans
D. a rich black
3.
The manager of the drugstore shouted at the writer in a bastard language
because ___.
A. he hadn’t learned to speak polite English.
B. he thought the writer wouldn’t understand English.
C.
that was the usual language used by Europeans when speaking to African
s.
D. that was the only language he could speak when he was angry.4. In the third paragraph, “he was one of the old school” means ___.
A. he believed in the age-old practice of racial discrimination.
B. he was a very old man.
C. he graduated from an old, conservative school.
D. he was in charge of an old school.
5.
Why didn’t the writer wait at the window of the drugstore like other black
African?
A. Because he thought he was educated and should be treated differently.
B.
Because he thought, being an important person, he should not be kept wai
ting.
C. Because he thought his white friends would help him out.
D. Because he wanted to protest against racial discrimination.
第三十六篇答案：BACAD
第三十七篇：(Unit 10,Passage 1)
Jogging has become the most popular individual sport in America. Many
theories, even some mystical ones, have been advanced to explain the pop
ularity of jogging. The plain truth is that jogging is a cheap, quick and efficient way to maintain (or achieve )physical fitness.
The most useful sort of exercise is exercise that develops the heart, lungs,
and circulatory systems. If these systems are fit, the body is ready for alm
ost any sport and for almost any sudden demand made by work or emerge
ncies. One can train more specifically, as by developing strength for weig
ht lifting or the ability to run straight ahead for short distances with great
power s in football, but running trains your heart and lungs to deliver oxy
gen more efficiently to all parts of your body. It is worth noting that this s
ort of exercise is the only kind that can reduce heart disease, the number o
ne cause of death in America.
Only one sort of equipment is needed – a good pair of shoes. Physicians a
dvise beginning joggers not to run in a tennis or gym shoe. Many design a
dvances have been made in only the last several years that make an excell
ent running shoe in dispensable if a runner wishes to develop as quickly a
s possible, with as little chance of injury as possible. A good running shoe
will have a soft pad for absorbing shock, as well as a slightly built-up hee
l and a full heelcup that will give the knee and ankle more stability. A wis
e investment in good shoes will prevent bilisters and the foot, ankle and k
nee injures and will also enable the wearer to run on paved or soft surface
s.No other special equipment is needed; you can jog in any clothing you de
sire, even your street clothes. Many joggers wear expensive, flashy warm
–up suits, but just as many wear a simple pair of gym shoes and T-shirt; in
fact, many people just jog in last year’s clothes. In cold weather, several l
ayers of clothing are better than one heavy sweater or coat. If joggers are
wearing several layers of clothing, they can add or subtract layers as cond
itions change.
It takes surprisingly little time to develop the ability to run. The American
Jogging Association has a twelve – week program designed to move form
a fifteen-minute walk (which almost anyone can manage who is in reason
able health) to a thirty-minute run. A measure of common sense, a phys
ical examination, and a planned schedule are all it takes.
1. They main purpose of this passage is to _____.
A. discuss jogging as a physical fitness program
B. describe the type of clothing needed for jogging
C. provide scientific evidence of the benefits of jogging
D.
distinguish between jogging as a “common sense “fitness
program and a cult (崇拜) movement2. The most useful kind of exercise is exercise that ______.
A. trains the body for weigh lifting
B.
enables a person to run straight ahead for short distances with great power
C. is both beneficial and inexpensive
D. develops the heart, lungs, and circulatory systems
3. We can conclude from this passage that ______.
A. because of jogging, heart disease is no longer an American problem
B. jogging can be harmful if the runner is not properly prepared
C. warm-up suits are preferable to gym shoes and T-shirts
D. jogging is bad for the ankles and knees
4. The author’s tone ______.
A. skeptical B. aggressive C. approving D. purely objective
5. As used in this passage, the word “mystical “ means ________.
A. awesome B. horrifying C. a spirtual discipline D. vicious
第37篇答案：ADBCC第38篇：(Unit 10,Passage 2)
There are spectacular differences between financial markets on the Contin
ent of Europe on the one hand, and in Britain on the other hand. In Britain
, the market is really the City of London. It is a free market, and it control
s most of the flow of savings to investment. On the Continent, either a fe
w banks or government officials direct the flow of funds to suit their econ
omic plans. In Germany the flow is directed by all-powerful banks. In Bri
tain there is more free interplay of market forces and far fewer regulatio
ns, rules and “red tape”. A French banker summed it up this way: “On the
Continent you can’t do anything unless you’re been told you can; in Engl
and on the other hand you can do everything as long as you haven’t been t
old not to.”
There are many basic reasons for these differences. One is that Continent
al savers tend to prefer gold, cash or short-term assets. They invest only 1
0% of their savings in institutions like pension funds or insurance compan
ies. But in Britain 50% of savings goes to them, and they, in turn, invest d
irectly in equity market. A far lower proportion of savings is put in the ba
nks in the form of liquid assets than on the Continent. Continental govern
ments intervene directly or through the banks to collect savings together a
nd transform them into medium or long-term loans for investment. The equity market is largely bypassed. On the Continent economic planning tend
s to be far more centralized than in Britain. In Britain it is possible to infl
uence decisions affecting the country’s economy from within the City. It a
ttracts a skilled and highly qualified work force. In France, on the other h
and, an intelligent young man who wants a career in finance would proba
bly find the civil service more attractive.
In Britain the market, or more accurately, money tends to be regarded as a
n end in itself. On the Continent it is regarded as a means to an end: inves
tment in the economy. To British eyes continental systems with possible e
xception of the Dutch seem slow and inefficient. But there is one outstand
ing fact the City should not overlook. Britain’s growth rates and levels of
investment over the last ten years have been much lower than on the Cont
inent. There are many reasons for this, but the City must take part of the
blame. If it is accepted that the basic function of a financial market is to s
upply industry and commerce with finance in order to achieve desired rat
es of growth, it can be said that by concentrating on the market for its ow
n sake the City has tended to forget that basic function.
1. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Savings and the Growth Rate.
B. Banking and Finance: Two Different Realities.C. Monetary Policy in Britain.
D. The European Continent and Britain.
2. What seems to be the most fundamental reason for this difference?
A.
The British tend to regard money as an end, whereas Continental Europea
n consider it a means to an end.
B. The British invest only 10% of their savings in pension funds.
C.
On the Continent you can’t do anything unless you have been told you ca
n.
D.
Intelligent young men who want a career tend to go to civil service on the
Continent.
3. According to the passage, the Dutch way of finance and banking ___.
A. is similar to that of the French.
B. makes no difference whatever system it is compared to.
C. is perhaps resembling that of the British.
D. has a low efficiency.
4. The word “outstanding” in Line 4, Para 3___A. beating
B. surplus
C. noticeable
D. seemingly
5. In what way does the continental system seem better?
A. The Continent maintains a higher growth rate and levels of investment.
B. It has less proportion of savings in the form of liquid assets.
C. It attracts intelligent young men.
D. In functions properly despite the fact that the British discount it.
第38篇答案：BACCA
第39篇：(Unit 10, Passage 3)
The gift of being able to describe a face accurately is
a rare one, as every experienced police officer knows to
his cost. As the Lancet put it recently:” When we try
to describe faces precisely words fail us, and we resort
to identikit (拼脸型图) procedures.”
Yet, according to one authority on the subject, we can each probably reco
gnise more than 1,000 faces, the majority of which differ in fine details. This, when one comes to think of it, is a tremendous feat, though, curiously
enough, relatively little attention has been devoted to the fundamental pro
blems of how and why we acquire this gift for recognizing and remember
ing faces. Is it an inborn property of our brains, or an acquired one? As so
often happens, the experts tend to differ.
Thus, some argue that it is inborn, and that there are “special characteristi
cs about the brain’s ability to distinguish faces”. In support of this these th
ey note how much better we are at recognizing a face after a single encou
nter than we are, for example, in recognizing an individual horse. On the
other hand, there are those, and they are probably in the majority, who cla
im that the gift is an acquired one.
The arguments in favour of this latter view, it must be confessed, are impr
essive. It is a habit that is acquired soon after birth. Watch, for instance, h
ow a quite young baby recognises his member by sight. Granted that his o
ther senses help – the sound other voice, his sense of smell, the distinctive
way she handles him.
But of all these, sight is predominant. Formed at the very beginning of lif
e, the ability to recognize faces quickly becomes an established habit, and
one that is, essential for daily living, if not necessarily for survival. How essential and valuable it is we probably do not appreciate until we encount
er people who have been deprived of the faculty.
This unfortunate inability to recognize familiar faces is known to all, but s
uch people can often recognize individuals by their voices, their walking
manners or their spectacles. With typical human ingenuity many of these
unfortunate people overcome their handicap by recognizing other chara
cteristic features.
1. It is stated in the passage that ______.
A. it is unusual for a person to be able to identify a face satisfactorily
B. the ability to recognize faces unhesitatingly is an unusual gift
C. quit a few people can visualize faces they have seen
D. few people can give exact details of the appearance of a face
2. What the author feels strange about is that _______.
A. people have the tremendous ability to recognize more than 1,000 faces
B.
people don’t think much of the problem of how and why we acquire the a
bility to recognize and remember faces
C.
people don’t realize how essential and valuable it is for them to have the ability to recognize faces
D.
people have been arguing much over the way people recognize and reme
mber faces
3. What is the first suggested explanation of the origin of the ability?
A. It is one of the characteristics peculiar to human beings.
B. It is acquired soon after birth.
C. It is something we can do from the very moment we are born.
D. It is learned from our environment and experiences.
4.
According to the passage, how important is the ability to recognize faces?
A. It is useful in daily life but is not necessarily essential.
B. It is absence would make normal everyday life impossible.
C. Under certain circumstances we could not exist without it.
D. Normal social life would be difficult without it.
5. This passage seems to emphasize that ______.
A.
the ability to recognize individuals is dependent on other senses as well as
sightB. sight is indispensable to recognizing individuals
C. the ability to recognise faces is a special inborn ability of the brain
D.
the importance of the ability of recognize faces in fully appreciated by pe
ople.
第39篇答案：DBCBA
第40篇：(Unit 10, Passage 4)
Scattered through the seas of the world are billions of tons of small plants
and animals called plankton. Most of these plants and animals are too sma
ll for the human eye to see. They drift about lazily with the currents, provi
ding a basic food for many larger animals.
Plankton has been described as the equivalent of the grasses that grow on
the dry land continents, and the comparison is an appropriate one. In pote
ntial food value however, plankton far outweighs that of the land grasses.
One scientist has estimated that while grasses of the world produce about
49 billion tons of valuable carbohydrates each year. The sea’s plankton ge
nerates more than twice as much.Despite its enormous food potential, little effort was made until recently t
o farm plankton as we farm grasses on land. Now marine scientists have a
t last begun to study this possibility, especially as the sea’s resources loom
even more important as a means of feeding an expanding world populatio
n.
No one yet has seriously suggested that “planktonburgers” may soon beco
me popular around the world. As a possible farmed supplementary food s
ource, however, plankton is gaining considerable interest among marine s
cientists.
One type of plankton that seems to have great harvest possibilities is a tin
y shrimplike creature called krill. Growing to two or three inches long, kri
ll provide the major food for the giant blue whale, the largest animal ever
to inhabit the Earth. Realizing that this whale may grow 100 feet and wei
gh 150 tons at maturity, it is not surprising that each one devours more tha
n one ton of krill daily.
Krill swim about just below the surface in huge schools sometimes miles
wide, mainly in the cold Antarctic. Because of their pink color, they often
appear as a solid reddish mass when viewed from a ship or from the air. K
rill are very high in food value. A pound of these crustaceans contains about 460 calories—about the same as shrimp or lobster, to which they are
related.
If the krill can feed such huge creatures as whales, many scientists reason,
they must certainly be contenders as new food source for humans.
1. Which of the following best portrays the organization of the passage?
A.
The author presents the advantages and disadvantages of plankton as a fo
od source.
B.
The author quotes public opinion to support the argument for farming pla
nkton.
C.
The author classifies the different food sources according to amount of ca
rbohydrate.
D.
The author makes a general statement about plankton as a food source an
d then moves to a specific example.
2.
According to the passage, why is plankton regarded to be more valuable than land grasses?
A. It is easier to cultivate.
B. It produces more carbohydrates.
C. It does not require soil.
D. It is more palatable.
3. Why does the author mention “planktonburgers”?
A. To describe the appearance of one type of plankton.
B. To illustrate how much plankton a whale consumes.
C. To suggest plankton as a possible food sources.
D. To compare the food values of beef and plankton.
4. What is mentioned as one conspicuous feature of krill?
A. They are the smallest marine animals.
B. They are pink in color.
C. They are similar in size to lobsters.
D. They have grass like bodies.
5.
The author mentions all of the following as reasons why plankton could b
e considered a human food source except that it is ___.
A. high in food value.B. in abundant supply in the oceans.
C. an appropriate food for other animals.
D. free of chemicals and pollutants.
第四十篇答案：DBCBD
第四十一篇：(Unit 11,Passage 1)
In the last 12 years total employment in the United States grew faster than
at any time in the peacetime history of any country – from 82 to 110 milli
on between 1973 and 1985 – that is, by a full one third. The entire growth
, however, was in manufacturing, and especially in no – blue-collar jobs
…
This trend is the same in all developed countries, and is, indeed, even mor
e pronounced in Japan. It is therefore highly probable that in 25 years dev
eloped countries such as the United States and Japan will employ no large
r a proportion of the labor force I n manufacturing than developed count
ries now employ in farming – at most, 10 percent. Today the United State
s employs around 18 million people in blue-collar jobs in manufacturing industries. By 2010, the number is likely to be no more than 12 million. In
some major industries the drop will be even sharper. It is quite unrealistic,
for instance, to expect that the American automobile industry will employ
more than one –third of its present blue-collar force 25 years hence, even
though production might be 50 percent higher.
If a company, an industry or a country does not in the next quarter century
sharply increase manufacturing production and at the same time sharply r
educe the blue-collar work force, it cannot hope to remain competitive – o
r even to remain “developed.” The attempt to preserve such blue – collar j
obs is actually a prescription for unemployment…
This is not a conclusion that American politicians, labor leaders or indeed
the general public can easily understand or accept. What confuses the issu
e even more it that the United States is experiencing several separate and
different shifts in the manufacturing economy. One is the acceleration of t
he substitution of knowledge and capital for manual labor. Where we spo
ke of mechanization a few decades ago, we now speak of “robotization “
or “automation.” This is actually more a change in terminology than a cha
nge in reality. When Henry Ford introduced the assembly line in 1909, he
cut the number of man – hours required to produce a motor car by some 8
0 percent in two or three years –far more than anyone expects to result from even the most complete robotization. But there is no doubt that we are f
acing a new, sharp acceleration in the replacement of manual workers by
machines –that is, by the products of knowledge.
1.
According to the author, the shrinkage in the manufacturing labor force d
emonstrates______.
A. the degree to which a country’s production is robotized
B. a reduction in a country’s manufacturing industries
C. a worsening relationship between labor and management
D. the difference between a developed country and a developing country
2.
According to the author, in coming 25years, a developed country or indus
try, in order t remain competitive, ought to ______.
A. reduce the percentage of the blue-collar work force
B. preserve blue – collar jobs for international competition
C. accelerate motor – can manufacturing in Henry Ford’s style
D. solve the problem of unemployment
3. American politicians and labor leaders tend to dislike_____.
A. confusion in manufacturing economyB. an increase in blue – collar work force
C. internal competition in manufacturing production
D. a drop in the blue – collar job opportunities
4.
The word “prescription” in “a prescription for unemployment” may be th
e equivalent to ______
A. something recommended as medical treatment
B. a way suggested to overcome some difficulty
C. some measures taken in advance
D. a device to dire
5. This passage may have been excepted from ________
A. a magazine about capital investment
B. an article on automation
C. a motor-car magazine
D. an article on global economy
第41篇答案：AADCD
第42篇：(Unit 11,Passage 2)What does the future hold for the problem of housing? A good deal depen
ds, of course, on the meaning of “future”. If one is thinking in terms of sci
ence fiction and the space age, it is at least possible to assume that man w
ill have solved such trivial and earthly problems as housing. Writers of s
cience fiction, from H.
G. Wells onwards, have had little to say on the subject. They have convey
ed the suggestion that men will live in great comfort, with every conceiva
ble apparatus to make life smooth, healthy and easy, if not happy.
But they have not said what his house will be made o
f. Perhaps some new building material, as yet unimagined,
will have been discovered or invented at least. One may
be certain that bricks and mortar(泥灰，灰浆) will long ha
ve gone out of fashion.
But the problems of the next generation or two can more readily be imagi
ned. Scientists have already pointed out that unless something is done eith
er to restrict the world’s rapid growth in population or to discover and dev
elop new sources of food (or both), millions of people will be dying of sta
rvation or at the best suffering from underfeeding before this century is o
ut. But nobody has yet worked out any plan for housing these growing po
pulations. Admittedly the worst situations will occur in the hottest parts
of the world, where housing can be light structure or in backward areas where standards are traditionally low. But even the minimum shelter requir
es materials of some kind and in the teeming, bulging towns the low-
standard “housing” of flattened petrol cans and dirty canvas is far more w
asteful of ground space than can be tolerated.
Since the war, Hong Kong has suffered the kind of crisis which is likely t
o arise in many other places during the next generation. Literally millions
of refugees arrived to swell the already growing population and emergenc
y steps had to be taken rapidly to prevent squalor（肮脏）and disea
se and the spread crime. The city is tackling the situati
on energetically and enormous blocks of tenements（贫民住
宅）are rising at an astonishing aped. But Hong Kong is
only one small part of what will certainly become a vas
t problem and not merely a housing problem, because when population
grows at this rate there are accompanying problems of education, transpor
t, hospital services, drainage, water supply and so on. Not every area may
give the same resources as Hong Kong to draw upon and the search for q
uicker and cheaper methods of construction must never cease.
1.
What is the author’s opinion of housing problems in the first paragraph?
A. They may be completely solved at sometime in the future.B. They are unimportant and easily dealt with.
C.
They will not be solved until a new building material has been discovered
.
D.
They have been dealt with in specific detail in books describing the future
.
2. The writer is sure that in the distant future ___.
A. bricks and mortar will be replaced by some other building material.
B. a new building material will have been invented.
C.
bricks and mortar will not be used by people who want their house to be f
ashionable.
D. a new way of using bricks and mortar will have been discovered.
3.
The writer believes that the biggest problem likely to confront the world b
efore the end of the century ___.
A. is difficult to foresee.
B. will be how to feed the ever growing population.
C. will be how to provide enough houses in the hottest parts of the world.D. is the question of finding enough ground space.
4.
When the writer says that the worst situations will occur in the hottest par
ts of the world or in backward areas, he is referring to the fact that in thes
e parts ___.
A. standards of building are low.
B. only minimum shelter will be possible.
C. there is not enough ground space.
D. the population growth will be the greatest.
5. Which of the following sentences best summarizes Paragraph 3?
A. Hong Kong has faced a serious crisis caused by millions of refugees.
B.
Hong Kong has successfully dealt with the emergency caused by millions
of refugees.
C.
Hong Kong’s crisis was not only a matter of housing but included a numb
er of other problems of population growth.
D.
Many parts of the world may have to face the kind of problems encounter
ed by Hong Kong and may find it much harder to deal with them.第四十二篇答案：AABDD
第四十三篇：(Unit 11, Passage 3)
It is a curious paradox that we think of the physical sciences as “hard”, th
e social sciences as “soft,” and the biological sciences as somewhere in b
etween. This is interpreted to mean that our knowledge of physical syste
m is more certain than our knowledge of biological systems, and these in
turn are more certain than our knowledge of social systems. In terms of o
ur capacity of sample the relevant universes, however, and the probability
that our images of these universes are at least approximately correct, one
suspects that a reverse order is more reasonable. We are able to sample ea
rth’s social systems with some degree of confidence that we have a reason
able sample of the total universe being investigated. Our knowledge of so
cial systems, therefore, while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate, i
s not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries. Even the folk k
nowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning, spe
nding, organizing, marrying, taking part in political activities, fighting an
d so on, is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the s
ocial system derived form the social sciences, even though it is built upon
the very imperfect samples of personal experience.In contrast, our image of the astronomical universe, or even if earth’s geol
ogical history, ca easily be subject to revolutionary changes as new data c
ome in and new theories are worked out. If we define the “security” of ou
r image of various parts of the total system as the probability of their suff
ering significant changes, then we would reverse the order for hardness a
nd as the most secure, the physical sciences as the least secure, and again
the biological sciences as somewhere in between. Our image of the astron
omical universe is the least secure of all simply because we observe such
a fantastically small sample of it and its record-keeping is trivial records o
f biological systems. Records of the astronomical universe, despite the fac
t that we learnt things as they were long age, are limited in the extreme.
Even in regard to such a close neighbor as the moon, which we have actu
ally visited, theories about its origin and history are extremely different, c
ontradictory, and hard to choose among. Our knowledge of physical evolu
tion is incomplete and insecure.
1. The word “paradox” (Line 1, Para. 1) means “_____”.
A. implication B. contradiction
C. interpretation D. confusion
2.Accroding to the author, we should reverse our classification of the physi
cal sciences as “hard” and the social sciences as “soft” because _______.
A.
a reverse ordering will help promote the development of the physical scie
nces
B.
our knowledge of physical systems is more reliable than that of social sys
tems
C. our understanding of the social systems is approximately correct
D.
we are better able to investigate social phenomena than physical phenome
na
3.
The author believes that our knowledge of social systems is more secure t
han that of physical systems because______.
A. it is not based on personal experience
B. new discoveries are less likely to occur in social sciences
C. it is based on a fairly representative quantity of data
D. the records of social systems are more reliable
4.The chances of the physical sciences being subject to great changes are th
e biggest because _____.
A. contradictory theories keep emerging all the time
B. new information is constantly coming in
C. the direction of their development is difficult to predict
D. our knowledge of the physical world is inaccurate
5.
We know less about the astronomical universe than we don about any soc
ial system because ______.
A. theories of its origin and history are varied
B. our knowledge of it is highly insecure
C. only a very small sample of it has been observed
D. few scientists are involved in the study of astronomy
第43篇答案：ACDAD
第44篇：(Unit 11, Passage 4)
The promise of finding long-term technological solutions to the problem
of world food shortages seems difficult to fulfill. Many innovations that
were once heavily supported and publicized have since fallen by the wayside. The proposals themselves were technically feasible, but they proved t
o be economically unviable and to yield food products culturally unaccept
able to their consumers.
One characteristic common to unsuccessful food innovations has been tha
t, even with extensive government support, they often have not been tech
nologically adapted or culturally acceptable to the people for whom they
had been developed. A successful new technology, therefore, must fit the
entire social cultural system in which it is to find a place. Security of crop
yield, practicality of storage, and costs are much more significant than pre
viously been realized by the advocates of new technologies.
The adoption of new food technologies depends on more than these techn
ical and cultural considerations; economic factors and governmental polic
ies also strongly influence the ultimate success of any innovation. Econo
mists in the Anglo-American tradition have taken the lead in investigating
the economics of technological innovation. Although they exaggerate in c
laiming that profitability is the key factor guiding technical change—they
completely disregard the substantial effects of culture—they are correct in
stressing the importance of profits. Most technological innovations in agri
culture can be fully used only by large landowners and are only adopted if
these profit-oriented business people believe that the innovation will increase their incomes. Thus, innovations that carry high rewards for big agrib
usiness groups will be adopted even if they harm segments of the populati
on and reduce the availability of food in a country. Further, should a new t
echnology promise to alter substantially the profits and losses associated
with any production system, those with economic power will strive to mai
ntain and improve their own positions. Therefore, although technical adva
nces in food production and processing will perhaps be needed to ensure f
ood availability, meeting food needs will depend much more on equalizin
g economic power among the various segments of the populations within
the developing countries themselves.
1.
The passage mentions all of the following as factors important to the succ
ess of a new food crop except the ___.
A. practicality of storage of the crop.
B. security of the crop yield.
C. quality of the crop’s protein.
D. cultural acceptability of the crop.
2.
The author suggests that, in most emerging countries, extensive governme
nt intervention accompanying the introduction of a food innovation will ___.
A.
usually be sufficient to guarantee the financial success of the innovation.
B.
be necessary to ensure that the benefits of the innovation will be spread th
roughout the society.
C. normally occur only when the innovation favors large landowners.
D. generally cost the country more than will be earned by the innovation.
3.
The first paragraph of the passage best supports which of the following st
atements?
A.
Too much publicity can harm the chances for the success of a new food in
novation.
B.
Innovations that produce culturally acceptable crops will generally be suc
cessful.
C. A food-
product innovation can be technically feasible and still not be economical
ly viable.
D. It is difficult to decide whether a food-product innovation has actually been a success.
4.
The author provides a sustained argument to uphold which of the followin
g assertions?
A.
Profitability is neither necessary nor sufficient for a new technology to be
adopted.
B. Profitability is the key factor guiding technological change.
C.
Economic factors and governmental policies strongly influence the ultima
te success of any innovation.
D.
Innovations carrying high rewards for big agribusiness groups harm the p
oor.
5. The primary purpose of the passage is to discuss the ___.
A. means of assessing the extent of the world food shortage.
B.
difficulties of applying technological solutions to the problem of food sho
rtages.
C. costs of introducing a new food technology into a developing country.D.
nature of the new technological innovations in the area of food productio
n.
第四十四篇答案：CBCCB
第四十五篇：(Unit 12,Passage 1)
What most people don’t realize is that wealth isn’t the same as income. If
you make $ 1 million a year and spend $ 1 million, you’re not getting wea
lthier, you’re just living high. Wealth is what you accumulate, not what yo
u spend.
The most successful accumulators of wealth spend far less than they can a
fford on houses, cars, vacations and entertainment. Why? Because these t
hings offer little or no return. The wealthy would rather put their money i
nto investments or their businesses. It’s an attitude.
Millionaires understand that when you buy a luxury house, you buy a lux
ury life –style too. Your property taxes skyrocket, along with the cost of u
tilities and insurance, and the prices of nearby services, such as grocery st
ores, tend to be higher.The rich man’s attitude can also be seen in his car. Many drive old unpret
entious sedans. Sam Walton, billionaire founder of the Wal – Mart Store,
Inc., drove a pickup truck.
Most millionaires measure success by net worth, not income. Instead of ta
king their money home, they plow as much as they can into their business
es, stock portfolios and other assets. Why? Because the government does
n’t tax wealth; it taxes income you bring home for consumption, the more
the government taxes.
The person who piles up net worth fastest tends to put every dollar he can
into investments, not consumption. All the while, of course, he’s reinvesti
ng his earnings from investments and watching his net worth soar. That’s
the attitude as well.
The best wealth-builders pay careful attention to their money and seek pr
ofessional advice. Those who spend heavily on cars, boats and buses, I’ve
found, tend to skimp on investment advice. Those who skimp on the luxu
ries are usually more willing to pay top dollar for good legal and financial
advice.
The self-made rich develop clear goals for their money. They may wish toretire early, or they may want to leave an estate to their children. The goal
s vary, but two things are consistent: they have a dollar figure in mind-the
amount they want to save by age 50, perhaps – and they work unceasingl
y toward that goal.
One thing may surprise you. If you make wealth – not just income – your
goal, the luxury house you’ve been dreaming about won’t seem so allurin
g. You’ll have the attitude.
1. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Wealth is judged according to the life style one has.
B. Inheritance builds an important part in one’s wealth.
C. High income may make one live high and get rich t the same time.
D. Wealth is more of what one has made than anything else.
2.
By the author’s opinion, those who spend money on luxury houses and ca
rs_____.
A. will not be taxed by the government
B. have accumulated wealth in another sense
C. live high and have little saved
D. can show that they are among the rich3. The rich put their money into business because_____.
A. they can get much in return to build their wealth
B. they are not interested in luxury houses and cars
C. their goal is to develop their company
D.
that is the only way to spend money yet not to be taxed by the governmen
t
4. The U. S. government doesn’t tax what you spend money on _____.
A. cars Bhouses C. stock D. boats
5. To become wealthy, one should______.
A. seek as much income as he can
B. work hard unceasingly
C. stick to the way he lives
D. save up his earnings
第45篇答案：DCACB
第46篇：(Unit 12,Passage 2)It being not only possible but even easy to predict which ten-year-old boy
s are at greatest risk of growing up to be persistent offenders, what are we
doing with the information? Just about the last thing that we should do is t
o wait until their troubles have escalated in adolescence and then attack th
em with the provisions of the new Criminal Justice Bill.
If this bill becomes law, magistrates will have the power to impose reside
ntial care orders. More young people will be drawn into institutional life
when all the evidence shows that this worsens rather than improves their
prospects. The introduction of short sharp shocks in detention centers will
simply give more young people a taste of something else they don’t need;
the whole regime of detention centers is one of toughening delinquents, a
nd if you want to train someone to be anti-establishment, “I can’t think of
a better way to do it,” says the writer of this report.
The Cambridge Institute of Criminology comes up with five key factors t
hat are likely to make for delinquency: a low income family a large famil
y, parents deemed by social workers to be bad at raising children, parents
who themselves have a criminal record, and low intelligence in the child.
Not surprisingly, the factors tend to overlap. Of the 63 boys in the sample
who had at least three of them when they were ten, half became juvenile d
elinquents—compared with only a fifth of the sample as a whole.Three more factors make the prediction more accurate: being judged trou
blesome by teachers at the age of ten, having a father with at least two cri
minal convictions and having another member of the family with a crimin
al record. Of the 35 men who had at least two of these factors in their bac
kground 18 became persistent delinquents and 8 more were in trouble wit
h the law.
Among those key factors, far and away the most important was having a
parent with a criminal record, even if that had been acquired in the distant
past, even though very few parents did other than condemn delinquent be
havior in their children.
The role of the schools emerges as extremely important. The most reliabl
e prediction of all on the futures of boys came from teachers’ ratings of h
ow troublesome they were at the age of ten. If the information is there in t
he classroom there must be a response that brings more attention to those
troublesome children: a search for things to give them credit for other tha
n academic achievement, a refusal to allow them to go on playing truant,
and a fostering of ambition and opportunity which should start early in th
eir school careers.1. According to the author, delinquency should be tackled ___.
A. before adolescence
B. during institutional treatment
C. during adolescence
D. when the problem becomes acute
2. The number of young offenders could be reduced by the way of ___.
A. new legal measures
B. better residential care
C. brief periods of harsh punishment
D. examination of their backgrounds
3.
What is the outcome result of putting young offenders into detention cent
ers?
A. They become more violent
B. They receive useful training
C. They become used to institutions
D. They turn against society
4. Ten-year-old children likely to become offenders are usually___.
A. spoilt children from small families.B. bright children in a poor family.
C. dull children with many brothers and sisters.
D. children whose parents have acquired wealth dishonestly.
5. The writer concludes that potential offenders could be helped by ___.
A. spending more time at school
B. more encouragement at school
C. more activities outside school
D. stricter treatment from teachers
第46篇答案：ADDCB
第47篇：(Unit 12,Passage 3)
Personality is to large extent inherent. A-type parents usually bring A-
type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, sin
ce if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major
factor in the lives of their children.
One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, byits very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt t
he “win at all costs” moral standard and measure their success by sporting
achievements. The current passion for making children compete against t
heir classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in whic
h competitive A types seem in some way better than their type B fellows.
Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that
Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after sayin
g: “Rejoice, we conquer!”
By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate e
mphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentr
ate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examinatio
n are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of
failure is positively harmful.
Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters chang
e into B’s. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to t
ry to fit a child’s personality to hide possible future employment. It is top
management.
If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more ti
me might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good gra
des in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and symp
athy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A type
stock. B’s are important and should be encouraged.
1. In Paragraph 2, Line 2, the word “institution” refers to ___.
A. establishment
B. social custom
C. law
D. school
2. According to the passage, A-type individuals are in most cases ___.
A. impatient
B. considerate
C. aggressive
D. agreeable
3.
The author strongly objects to the practice of examination at schools beca
use ___.
A. the pressure is too great on the students.
B. some students are bound to fail.C. failure rates are too high.
D. the results of examinations are doubtful.
4. The selection of medical professionals is currently based on ___.
A. candidates’ sensitivity
B. academic achievements
C. competitive spirit
D. surer values
5. From the passage we can draw the conclusion that ___.
A. the personality of a child is well established at birth.
B. family influence dominates the shaping of one’s characteristics.
C. the development of one’s personality is due to multiple factors,
D. B-type characteristics can find no place in a competitive society.
第47篇答案：DCBBC
第48篇：(Unit 12,Passage 4)
The word religion is derived from the Latin noun religio, which denotes b
oth earnest observance of ritual obligations and an inward spirit of revere
nce. In modern usage, religion covers a wide spectrum of meaning that reflects the enormous variety of ways the term can be interpreted. At one ex
treme, many committed believers recognize only their own tradition as a r
eligion, understanding expressions such as worship and prayer to refer ex
clusively to the practices of their tradition. Although many believers stop
short of claiming an exclusive status for their tradition, they may neverthe
less use vague or idealizing terms in defining religion for example, true lo
ve of God, or the path of enlightenment. At the other extreme, religion ma
y be equated with ignorance, fanaticism, or wishful thinking.
By defining religion as a sacred engagement with what is taken to be a spi
ritual reality, it is possible to consider the importance of religion in human
life without making claims about what it really is or ought to be. Religion
is not an object with a single, fixed meaning, or even a zone with clear bo
undaries. It is an aspect of human experience that may intersect, incorpor
ate, or transcend other aspects of life and society. Such a definition avoid
the drawbacks of limiting the investigation of religion to Western or bibli
cal categories such as monotheism (belief in one god only) or to church st
ructure, which are not universal. For example, in tribal societies, religion
unlike the Christian church usually is not a separate institution but pervad
es the whole of public and private life. In Buddhism, gods are not as centr
al as the idea of a Buddha. In many traditional cultures, the idea of a sacre
d cosmic order is the most prominent religious belief. Because of this variety, some scholars prefer to use a general term such as the sacred to desig
nate the common foundation of religious life.
Religion in this understanding includes a complex of activities that cannot
be reduced to any single aspect of human experience. It is a part of indivi
dual life but also of group dynamics. Religion includes patterns of behavi
or but also patterns of language and thought. It is sometimes a highly orga
nized institution that sets itself apart from a culture, and it is sometimes a
n integral part of a culture. Religious experience may be expressed in visu
al symbols, dance and performance, elaborate philosophical systems, lege
ndary and imaginative stories, formal ceremonies, and detailed rules of et
hical conduct and law. Each of these elements assumes innumerable cultu
ral forms. In some ways there are as many forms of religious expression a
s there are human cultural environments.
1. What is the passage mainly concerned about?
A. Religion has a variety of interpretation.
B. Religion is a reflection of ignorance.
C. Religion is not only confined to the Christian categories.
D. Religion includes all kinds of activities.
2. What does the word “observance” probably convey in Para. 1?A. notice
B. watching
C. conformity
D. experience
3.
According to the passage what people generally consider religion to be?
A. Fantastic observance
B. Spiritual practice
C. Individual observance of tradition
D. A complex of activities
4. Which of the following is not true?
A. It is believed by some that religion should be what it ought to be.
B.“The path of enlightenment” is a definition that the author doesn’t agre
e to.
C.
According to the author, the committed believers define religion improper
ly.
D. The author doesn’t speak in favor of the definition of “the sacred”.
5. Which of the following is religion according to the passage?A. Performance of human beings.
B. Buddha, monotheism and some tribal tradition.
C. Practice separated from culture.
D. All the above.
第48篇答案：ACBDB
第49篇：(Unit 13,Passage 1)
You stare at waterfall for a minute or two, and then shift your gaze to its s
urroundings. What you now see appears to drift upward.
These optical illusions occur because the brain is constantly matching its
model of reality to signals from the body’s sensors and interpreting what
must be happening—that your brain must have moved, not the other; that
downward motions is now normal, so a change from it must now be per
ceived as upward motion.
The sensors that make this magic are of two kinds. Each eye contains abo
ut 120 million rods, which provide somewhat blurry black and white vision. These are the windows of night vision; once adapted to the dark, they c
an detect a candle burning ten miles away.
Color vision in each eye comes from six to seven million structures called
cones. Under ideal conditions, every cone can “see” the entire rainbow sp
ectrum of visible colors, but one type of cone is most sensitive to red, ano
ther to green, a third to blue.
Rods and cones send their messages pulsing an average 20 to 25 times pe
r second along the optic nerve. We see an image for a fraction of a second
longer than it actually appears. In movies, reels of still photographs are pr
ojected onto screens at 24 frames per second, tricking our eyes into seei
ng a continuous moving picture.
Like apparent motion, color vision is also subject to unusual effects. Whe
n day gives way to night, twilight brings what the poet T.
S. Eliot called “the violet hour.” A light levels fall, the rods become progr
essively less responsive. Rods are most sensitive to the shorter wavelengt
hs of blue and green, and they impart a strange vividness to the garden’s b
lue flowers.However, look at a white shirt during the reddish light of sunset, and you’
ll still see it in its “true” color—white, not red. Our eyes are constantly co
mparing an object against its surroundings. They therefore observe the eff
ect of a shift in the color of illuminating on both, and adjust accordingly.
The eyes can distinguish several million graduations of light and shade of
color. Each waking second they flash tens of millions of pieces of inform
ation to the brain, which weaves them incessantly into a picture of the wo
rld around us.
Yet all this is done at the back of each eye by a fabric of sensors, called th
e retina, about as wide and as thick as a postage stamp. As the Renaissanc
e inventor and artist Leonardo da Vinci wrote in wonder, “Who would bel
ieve that so small a space could contain the images of all the universe?”
1. Visual illusions often take place when the image of reality is ___.
A. matched to six to seven million structures called cones.
B. confused in the body’s sensors of both rods and cones.
C. interpreted in the brain as what must be the case.
D. signaled by about 120 million rods in the eye.
2.The visual sensor that is capable of distinguishing shades of color is calle
d ___.
A. cones
B. color vision
C. rods
D. spectrum
3. The retina send pulses to the brain ___.
A. in short wavelengths
B. as color pictures
C. by a ganglion cell
D. along the optic nerve.
4. Twenty-
four still photographs are made into a continuous moving picture just bec
ause ___.
A. the image we see usually stays longer than it actually appears.
B. we see an object in comparison with its surroundings.
C. the eyes catch million pieces of information continuously.
D. rods and cones send messages 20 to 25 times a second.
5. The author’s purpose in writing the passage lies in ___.A. showing that we sometimes are deceived by our own eyes.
B. informing us about the different functions of the eye organs.
C. regretting that we are too slow in the study of eyes.
D. marveling at the great work done by the retina.
第49篇答案：CADAB
第50篇：(Unit 13,Passage 2)
Art is considered by many people to be little more than a decorative mean
s of giving pleasure. This is not always the case, however; at times, art ma
y be seen to have a purely functional side as well. Such could be said of t
he sandpaintings of the Navaho Indians of the American Southwest; these
have a medicinal as well as an artistic purpose.
According to Navaho traditions, one who suffers from either a mental or a
physical illness has in come way disturbed or come in contact with the su
pernatural—perhaps a certain animal, a ghost, or the dead. To counteract t
his evil contact, the ill person or one of his relatives will employ a medi
cine man called a “singer” to perform a healing ceremony which will attra
ct a powerful supernatural being.During the ceremony, which may last from 2 to 9 days, the “singer” will p
roduce a sandpainting on the floor of the Navaho hogan. On the last day o
f the ceremony, the patient will sit on this sandpainting and the “singer” w
ill rub the ailing parts of the patient’s body with sand from a specific figur
e in the sandpainting. In this way the patient absorbs the power of that par
ticular supernatural being and becomes strong like it. After the ceremony,
the sandpainting is then destroyed and disposed of so its power will not h
arm anyone.
The art of sandpainting is handed down from old “singer” to their student
s. The material used are easily found in the areas the Navaho inhabit; bro
wn, red, yellow, and white sandstone, which is pulverized by being crushe
d between 2 stones much as corns is ground into flour. The “singer” holds
a small amount of this sand in his hand and lets it flow between his thumb
and fore-finger onto a clean, flat surface on the floor. With a steady hand
and great patience, he is thus able to create designs of stylized people, sna
kes and other creatures that have power in the Navaho belief system. The
traditional Navaho does not allow reproduction of sandpaintings, since he
believes the supernatural powers that taught him the craft have forbidden
this; however, such reproductions can in fact be purchased today in tourist
shops in Arizona and New Mexico. These are done by either Navaho Indi
ans or by other people who wish to preserve this craft.1. The purpose of the passage is to ___.
A. discuss the medical uses of sandpaintings in medieval Europe.
B. study the ways Navaho Indians handed down their painting art.
C. consider how Navaho “singer” treat their ailments with sandpaintings.
D. tell how Navaho Indians apply sandpainting for medical purposes.
2. The purpose of a healing ceremony lies in ___.
A. pleasing the ghosts
B. attracting supernatural powers
C. attracting the ghosts
D. creating a sandpainting
3. The “singer” rubs sand on the patient because ___.
A. the patient receives strength from the sand
B. it has pharmaceutical value
C. it decorates the patient
D. none of the above
4. What is used to produce a sandpainting?
A. Paint
B. Beach sandC. Crushed sandstone
D. Flour
5. Which of the following titles will be best suit the passage?
A. A New Direction for Medical Research
B. The Navaho Indians’ Sandpainting
C. The Process of Sandpainting Creation
D. The Navaho Indians’ Medical History
第50篇答案：DBACB
第51篇：(Unit 13,Passage 3)
With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in A
sia and America can now watch the Corporation’s news coverage, as well
as listen to it.
And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune into two BBC television channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radi
o stations. They are brought sport, comedy, music, news and current affair
s, education, religion, parliamentary coverage, children’s programs and fil
ms for an annual license fee of 83 per household.
It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 years—yet the BBC’s f
uture is now in doubt. The Corporation will survive as a publicly-funded
broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size
and its programs are now the subject of a nationwide debate in Britain.
The debate was launched by the government, which invited anyone with a
n opinion of the BBC—including ordinary listeners and viewers—to say
what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thou
ght if it was worth keeping. The reason for its inquiry is that the BBC’s
royal charters runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the org
anization as it is or to make changes.
Defenders of the Corporation—of whom there are many—are fond of quo
ting the American slogan “If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it.” The BBC “ain’t b
roke”, they say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the
word “broke”, meaning having no money), or why bother to change it?
Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world aroundit is changing. The commercial TV channels—ITV and Channel 4—were
required by the Thatcher Government’s Broadcasting Act to become mor
e commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting cost
s and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channels—funded partly b
y advertising and partly by viewers’ subscriptions—which will bring abo
ut the biggest change in the long term.
1. The world famous BBC now is confronted with ___.
A. the problem of news coverage
B. an uncertain prospect
C. inquiries by the general public
D. shrinkage of audience
2.
In the passage, which of the following about the BBC is not mentioned as
the key issue?
A. Extension of its TV service to Far East.
B. Programs as the subject of a nation-wide debate.
C. Potentials for further international co-operations.
D. Its existence as a broadcasting organization.
3. The BBC’s “royal charter” (Paragraph 4) represents ___.A. the financial support from the royal family
B. the privileges granted by the Queen
C. a contract with the Queen
D. a unique relationship with the royal family
4. The word “broke” in “If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it” means ___.
A. broke down
B. bankrupt
C. fragmented
D. penniless
5.
The first and foremost reason why the BBC has to read just itself is no ot
her than ___.
A. the emergence of commercial TV channels
B. the enforcement of Broadcasting Act by the government
C. the urgent necessity to reduce cost—and—job expenses
D. the challenges of new satellite channels
第51篇答案：BCCDD第52篇：(Unit 13,Passage 4)
Federal Reserve System, central banking system of the United States, pop
ularly called the Fed. A central bank serves as the banker to both the bank
ing community and the government; it also issues the national currency, c
onducts monetary policy, and plays a major role in the supervision and r
egulation of banks and bank holding companies. In the U.
S. these function are the responsibilities of key officials of the Federal Re
serve System: the Board of Governors, located in Washington, D.
C., and the top officers of 12 district Federal Reserve banks, located thr
oughout the nation. The Fed’s actions, described below, generally have a
significant effect on U.
S. interest rates and, subsequently, on stock, bond, and other financial mar
kets.
The Federal Reserve’s basic powers are concentrated in the Board of Gov
ernors, which is paramount in all policy issues concerning bank regulatio
n and supervision and in most aspects of monetary control. The board enu
nciates the Fed’s policies on both monetary and banking matter. Because t
he board is not an operating agency, most of the day-to day implementatio
n of policy decisions is left to the district Federal Reserve banks, stock inwhich is owned by the commercial banks that are members of the Federal
Reserve System. Ownership in this instance, however, does not imply con
trol; the Board of Governors and the heads of the Reserve banks orient th
eir policies to the public interest rather than to the benefit of the private b
anking system.
The U.
S. banking system’s regulatory apparatus is complex; the authority of the
Federal Reserve is shared in some instances for example, in mergers or th
e examination of banks with other Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
(FDIC). In the critical area of regulating the nation’s money supply in a
ccordance with national economic goals, however, the Federal Reserve is
independent within the government, Income and expenditures of the Fede
ral Reserve banks and of the board of governors are not subject to the con
gressional appropriation process; the Federal Reserve is self-financing. Its
income ($20.2 billion in 1992) comes mainly from Reserve bank holdings
of income-earning securities, primarily those of the U.
S. government. Outlays ($1.5 billion in 1992) are mostly for operational e
xpenses in providing services to the government and for expenditures con
nected with regulation and monetary policy. In 1992 the Federal Reserve
returned 416.8 billion in earnings to the U. S. treasury.1. The Fed of the United States ___.
A. function as China Bank
B. is the counterpart of People’s Bank of China
C. is subjected to the banking community and government
D. has 13 top officers who can influence the American financial market
2. The fact that stock in the Fed belongs to commercial banks ___.
A. doesn’t mean the latter is in control
B. means the latter is in control
C. means the latter is subjected to the Reserve banks
D. means the Reserve banks orient the latter’s policies
3. Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?
A.
The fed is a very big, complex and significant system which comprises m
any local banks.
B.
All the commercial banks are not the components of Federal Reserve Syst
em.
C. Board of governors is the supreme policy-makers of America.
D.
District Reserve banks rather than Board of governors perform the day-to-day policies.
4. The authority of the federal Reserve ___.
A. has to be shared with other establishments.
B. is exclusive at other times
C. isn’t limited by comptroller of the Currency and FDIC
D. is limited by Board of governors
5. Income of the Board of governors ___.
A. is borrowed from the U. S. treasury
B. is used by the government to make various policies
C. comes from the U. S. Treasury
D. is not granted by the government
第52篇答案：BACBD
第53篇：(Unit 14,Passage 1)
The food irradiation process is a simple one. The new U.
S. plant, Vindicator of Florida Incorporated in Mulberry, Fla., uses a mate
rial called cobalt 60 to irradiate food. Cobalt 60 is radioactive isotope (for
m) of the metallic element cobalt. Cobalt 60, which gives off radiation inthe form of gamma rays, is also used for radiation therapy for cancer patie
nts and for sterilizing hospital equipment. The radioactive isotope is creat
ed by bombarding cobalt with subatomic particles in a nuclear reactor. Ho
wever, irradiation plants do not themselves contain nuclear reactors.
In the irradiation plant, food is exposed to thin rods of cobalt 60. The rods
give off gamma rays, which disrupt chemical processes in contaminating
organisms. The disruption breaks down the cell walls of organisms or des
troys their genetic material. The dose, set by the U.
S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), is enough to kill organisms on f
ood, but not enough to produce significant changes in the food itself.
Although irradiation slightly decreases the nutritive value of foods, the lo
ss is less than that produced by some other methods of food preservation.
Canning, for example, results in a much greater loss of nutrients.
Those who object to irradiation say that the process may create substance
s not found in nonirradiated food. Since the 1960’s researchers have studi
ed irradiated food at microscopic levels to try to find such substances, call
ed unique radiolytic products. After reviewing these studies, the FDA det
ermined that compounds formed during irradiation are similar to substanc
e found in nonirradiated foods and are not dangerous to consume.Destruction of microorganisms that cause illness is an important goal of ir
radiation. About 250 million cases of food poisoning or 1 per person—
occur every year in the U.
S., according to FDA estimates. Food poisoning can cause vomiting, diarr
hea, fever, headache—and, occasionally, death.
Because of the apparent safety of food irradiation, and the problems prese
nted by contaminated food, scientific groups—including the American M
edical Association, the World Health Organization, and the United Nation
s food and Agriculture Association—have voiced nearly universal suppor
t for the process. Worldwide, 38 nations have approved irradiation for 355
products.
Like microwave ovens, food irradiation has aroused apprehension and mi
sunderstanding. Yet it has been scrutinized more thoroughly than other m
ethods of food treatment that we have come to regard as safe, and it appea
rs to be a method whose time has come.
1. Cobalt 60, besides irradiating food, is also employed to ___.
A. detect metallic flaws
B. run a nuclear reactor
C. cure cancer patientsD. strengthen concrete walls
2. Gamma rays used to irradiate food ___.
A. are generally not strong enough to destroy contaminating organisms
B. do not bring about significant changes in the food itself
C. may destroy some of the nutrients in the food
D. should be submitted to FDA for approval
3. Irradiated food ___.
A. certainly loses its nutritive value
B. maintains its nutritive value no different from the nonirradiated
C. keeps its nutritive value better than canned food
D. is recommended as the best of all preserved foods
4. With cases of food poisoning increasing, ___.
A. food irradiation should be carried out with care
B. it is more urgent to irradiate foods
C.
medical researches into treatment of the diseased should be strengthened
D. Americans are beginning to accept food irradiation
5. The passage may be taken from ___.A. a news report
B. a textbook of food processing
C. a book of popular science
D. a manual of food irradiation
第53篇答案：CBCCD
第54篇：(Unit 14,Passage 2)
Until recently, women in advertisements wore one of three things—an apr
on, a glamorous dress or a frown. Although that is now changing, many w
omen still feel angry enough to deface offending advertisements with stic
kers protesting, “This ad degrades women.” Why does this sort of adv
ertising exist? How can advertisers and ad agencies produce, sometimes,
after months of research, advertising that offends the consumer?
The Advertising Standards Authority (the body which deals with complai
nts about print media) is carrying out research into how women feel about
the way they are portrayed in advertisements. Its conclusions are likely to
be what the advertising industry already knows: although women often irritated by the way they are seen in ads, few feel strongly enough to compla
in.
Women are not the only victims of poor and boring stereotypes—in many
TV commercials men are seen either as useless, childish oafs who are una
ble to perform the simplest household tasks, or as in considerate boors, pe
rmanently on the lookout for an escape to the pub. But it is women who s
eem to bear the brunt of the industry’s apparent inability to put people int
o an authentic present-day context.
Yet according to Emma Bennett, executive creative director of a London
advertising agency, women are not infuriated by stereotypes and sexist ad
vertising. It tends to wash over them, they are not militant or angry—they
just find it annoying or tiresome. They reluctantly accept outdated stereot
ypes, but heave a sigh of relief when an advertisement really gets it right.
She says that it is not advertising’s use of the housewife role that bothers
women, but the way in which it is handles. “Researchers have often asked
the wrong questions. The most important thing is the advertisement’s tone
of voice. Women hate being patronized, flattered or given desperately do
wn-to-earth commonsense advice.”In the end, the responsibility for good advertising must be shared between
the advertiser, the advertising agency and the consumer. Advertising does
not set trends but it reflects them. It is up to the consumer to tell advertise
rs where they fail, and until people on the receiving end take the business
seriously and make their feelings known, the process of change will remai
n laboriously slow.
1.
Despite recent changes in attitudes, some advertisements still fail to ___.
A. change women’s opinions of themselves
B. show any understanding of people’s feelings
C. persuade the public to buy certain products
D. meet the needs of the advertising industry
2.
According to the writer, the commonest fault of present day advertising is
to ___.
A. condemn the role of the housewife
B. ignore protests about advertisements
C. present a misleading image of women
D. misrepresent the activities of men3.
Research suggests that the reaction of women towards misrepresentation
by advertisement is ___.
A. apathy
B. hostility
C. approbation
D. unbelief
4. Emma Bennett suggests that advertisement ought to ___.
A. give further emphasis to practical advice
B. change their style rather than their content
C. use male images instead of female ones
D. pay more compliments to women than before
5. Ultimately the advertising industry should ___.
A. take its job more earnestly
B. do more pioneering work
C. take notice of the public opinion
D. concentrate on the products advertised.第54篇答案：BCABC
第55篇：(Unit 14,Passage 3)
Pronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal person is expert in the sk
ill of pronouncing his own language; but few people are even moderately
proficient at pronouncing foreign languages. Now there are many reasons
for this, some obvious, some perhaps not so obvious. But I suggest that th
e fundamental reason why people in general do not speak foreign languag
es very much better than they do is that they fail to grasp the true nature o
f the problem of learning to pronounce, and consequently never set about
tackling it in the right way. Far too many people fail to realize that pronou
ncing a foreign language is a skill—one that needs careful training of a sp
ecial kind, and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care o
f itself. I think even teachers of language, while recognizing the importan
ce of good accent, tend to neglect, in their practical teaching, the branch o
f study concerned with speaking the language. So the first point I want to
make is that English pronunciation must be taught; the teacher should be
prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this, and by his whole attitu
de to the subject should get the student feel that there is a matter worthy o
f receiving his close attention. So, there should be occasions when other a
spects of English, such as grammar or spelling, are allowed for the moment to take second place.
Apart from this question of the time given to pronunciation, there are two
other requirements for the teacher: the first, knowledge; the second, techn
ique.
It is important that the teacher should be in possession of the necessary in
formation. This can generally be obtained from books. It is possible to get
from books some idea of the mechanics of speech, and of what we call ge
neral phonetic theory. It is also possible in this way to get a clear mental
picture of the relationship between the sounds of different languages, bet
ween the speech habits of English people and those, say, of your students.
Unless the teacher has such a picture, any comments he may make on hi
s students pronunciation are unlikely to be of much use, and lesson time s
pent on pronunciation may well be time wasted.
1.
What does the writer actually say about pronouncing foreign languages?
A. Only a few people are really proficient.
B. No one is really an expert in the skill.
C. There aren’t many people who are even fairly good.
D. There are even some people who are moderately proficient.2.
The writer argues that going about the problem of pronunciation in the wr
ong ways ___.
A. an obvious cause of not grasping the problem correctly
B. a fundamental consequence of not speaking well
C. a consequence of not grasping the problem correctly
D. not an obvious cause of speaking poorly
3.
The best way of learning to speak a foreign language, he suggests, is by _
__.
A. picking it up naturally as a child
B. learning from a native speaker
C. not concentrating on pronunciation much
D. undertaking systematic work
4. The value the student puts on correct speech habits depends upon ___.
A. how closely he attends to the matter
B. whether it is English that is being taught
C. his teacher’s approach to pronunciation
D. the importance normally given to grammar and spelling5. How might the teacher find himself wasting lesson time?
A. By spending lesson time on pronunciation.
B. By making ill-informed comments upon pronunciation.
C. By not using books on phonetics in the classroom.
D.
By not giving students a clear mental picture of the different between sou
nds.
第55篇答案：CCDCB
第56篇：(Unit 14,Passage 4)
Work is a very important part of life in the United States. When the early
Protestant immigrants came to this country, they brought the idea that wor
k was the way to God and heaven. This attitude, the Protestant work ethic
, still influences America today. Work is not only important for economic
benefits, the salary, but also for social and psychological needs, the feelin
g of doing something for the good of the society. Americans spend most o
f their lives working, being productive. For most Americans, their work defines them; they are what they do. What happens, then when a person ca
n no longer work?
Most Americans stop working at age sixty-five or seventy and retire. Bec
ause work is such an important part of life in this culture, retirement can b
e very difficult. Retirees often feel that they are useless and unproductive.
Of course, some people are happy to retire; but leaving one’s job, whatev
er it is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring. Ma
ny retirees do not know how to use their time or they feel lost without job
s.
Retirement can also bring financial problems. Many people rely on Social
Security checks every month. During their working years, employees con
tribute a certain percentage of their salaries to the government. When peo
ple retire, they receive this money as income. These checks do not provid
e enough money to live on, however, because prices are increasing very r
apidly. Senior citizens, those over sixty-five, have to have savings in the b
ank or other retirement plans to make ends meet. The rate of inflation is
forcing prices higher each year; Social Security checks alone cannot cove
r Medicare (health care) and welfare (general assistance) but many senior
citizens have to change their lifestyles after retirement. They have to spen
d carefully to be sure that they can afford to but food, fuel, and other necessities.
Of course, many senior citizens are happy with retirement. They have tim
e to spend with their families or to enjoy their hobbies. Some continue to
work part time; others do volunteer work. Some, like those in the Retired
Business Executives Association, even help young people to get started in
new business. Many retired citizens also belong to “Golden Age” groups.
These organizations plan trips and social events. There are many opportu
nities for retirees.
Americans society is only beginning to be concerned about the special ph
ysical and emotional needs of its senior citizens. The government is takin
g steps to ease the problem of limited income. They are building new hou
sing, offering discounts in stores and museums and on buses, and provi
ding other services, such as free courses, food service, and help with hous
ework. Retired citizens are a rapidly growing percentage of the populatio
n. This part of the population is very important and we must respond to th
eir needs. After all, every citizen will be a senior citizen some day.
1. The early immigrants considered work ___.
A. too hard
B. importantC. pleasant
D. dull
2. Why do Americans like working? Because working ___.
A. doesn’t only mean money but it is also psychological
B. can make life more comfortable
C. can prove people to be independent
D. gives people funny
3. We can safely put forward that retirees who ___.
A. have no financial problems still want to earn more money
B. have financial problems still feel lost
C. have no financial problems still feel lost
D. have no financial problems feels it’s hard to make ends meet
4. According to the passage the government ___.
A. hadn’t paid attention to the retirees’ problems
B. has already solved a lot of retirees’ problems
C. has just begun to pay attention to the retirees’ problems
D. won’t pay attention to the retirees’ problems
5.Which of the following is not steps taken for the benefit of senior citizens
by the government?
A. New housing has been built.
B. The old are offered discounts in stores.
C. Senior citizens are provided free courses, food service.
D. None.
第56篇答案：BACCD
第57篇：(Unit 15 ,Passage 1)
If we look at education in our own society, we see two sharply different fa
ctors. First of all, there is the overwhelming majority of teachers, principa
ls, curriculum planners, school superintendents, who are devoted to passi
ng on the knowledge that children need in order to live in our industrializ
ed society. Their chief concern is with efficiency, that is, with implanting
the greatest number of facts into the greatest possible number of children,
with a minimum of time, expense, and effort.
Classroom learning often has as its unspoken goal the reward of pleasingthe teacher. Children in the usual classroom learn very quickly that creati
vity is punished, while repeating a memorized response is rewarded, and
concentrate on what the teacher wants them to say, rather than understand
ing the problem.
The difference between the intrinsic and the extrinsic aspects of a college
education is illustrated by the following story about Upton Sinclair. When
Sinclair was a young man, he found that he was unable to raise the tuition
money needed to attend college. Upon careful reading of the college catal
ogue, however, he found that if a student failed a course, he received no c
redit for the course, but was obliged to take another course in its place. Th
e college did not charge the student for the second course, reasoning that
he had already paid once for his credit. Sinclair took advantage of this pol
icy and not a free education by deliberately failing all his courses.
In the ideal college, there would be no credits, no degrees, and no require
d courses. A person would learn what he wanted to learn. A friend and I at
tempted to put this ideal into action by starting a serials of seminars at Br
andeis called “Freshman Seminars Introduction to the Intellectual Life.” I
n the ideal college, intrinsic education would be available to anyone who
wanted it—since anyone can improve and learn. The student body might i
nclude creative, intelligent children as well as adults; morons as well as geniuses (for even morons can learn emotionally and spiritually). The colle
ge would be ubiquitous—that is, not restricted to particular buildings at p
articular times, and teachers would be any human beings who had someth
ing that they wanted to share with others. The college would be lifelong
, for learning can take place all through life. Even dying can be a philosop
hically illuminating, highly educative experience.
The ideal college would be a kind of education retreat in which you could
try to find yourself; find out what you like and want; what you are and are
not good at. The chief goals of the ideal college, in other words, would be
the discovery of identity, and with it, the discovery of vocation.
1. In the author’s opinion, the majority of education workers ___.
A. emphasize independent thought rather than well-memorized responses
B.
tend to reward children with better understanding rather than with a goal f
or credits
C.
implant children with a lot of facts at the expense of understanding the pr
oblem
D.
are imaginative, creative and efficient in keeping up with our industrialized society
2. Children in the usual classroom learn very quickly when ___.
A. they are required to repeat what teacher has said
B. they read books that are not assigned by the teacher
C. they know how to behave themselves in face of the teacher
D.
they can memorize the greatest number of facts in the shortest period of ti
me
3. An extrinsically oriented education is one that ___.
A. focuses on oriented education
B. takes students’ need into account
C. lays emphases on “earning a degree”
D. emphasizes learning through discussion
4. To enter the author’s ideal college, a student ___.
A. has to pass an enrollment exam
B. should be very intelligent
C. needn’t worry about homework
D. can be best stimulated for creative work5. The author’s purpose of writing the article is ___.
A. to advocate his views
B. to criticize college students
C. to stress self-teaching attitude
D. to put technological education to a later stage
第57篇答案：CACCA
第58篇：(Unit 15 ,Passage 2)
Culture is the total sum of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of
life of a given group og human beings. In this sense, every group has a cu
lture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.
To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one
culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsi
c hierarchy among languages.
People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage, unde
veloped forms of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While itis possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans,
it is a fact established by the study of “backward” languages that no spok
en tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized g
roups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and
ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind o
ur Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structure
s, which usually fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vo
cabularies, which reflects the objects and activities known to their speake
rs. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All la
nguages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either
by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them fro
m other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2. The objects
and activities requiring names and distinctions in “backward” languages,
while different from ours, are often surprisingly numerous and complicate
d. An accidental language distinguishes merely between two degrees of re
moteness (“this” and “that”); some languages of the American Indians dis
tinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed,
or removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.
This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the ant
hropologists that all culture are to be viewed independently, and without i
deas of rank or hierarchy.1.
the language of uncivilized groups as compared to Western languages are
limited in ___.
A. sound patterns
B. vocabularies
C. grammatical structures
D. both A and B
2. The author says that professional linguists recognize that ___.
A. Western languages are superior to Eastern languages
B. All languages came from grunts and groans
C. The hierarchy of languages is difficult to understand
D. There is no hierarchy of languages
3. The article states that grunt-and-groan forms of speech are found ___.
A. nowhere today
B. among the Australian aborigines
C. among Eastern cultures
D. among people speaking “backward” languages
4. According to the author, languages, whether civilized or not, have ___.A. the potential for expanding vocabulary
B. their own sound patterns
C. an ability to transfer ideas
D. grammatical structures
5. Which of the following is implied but not articulated in the passage?
A. The study of languages has discredited anthropological studies.
B.
The study of language has reinforced anthropologists in their view that th
ere is no hierarchy among cultures.
C. The study of language is the same as the study of anthropologists.
D.
The study of languages casts a new light upon the claim of anthropologist
s.
第58篇答案：BDAAB
第59篇：(Unit 15 ,Passage 3)
Most people would probably agree that many individual consumer adverts function on the level of the daydream. By picturing quite unusually hap
py and glamorous people whose success in either career of sexual terms,
or both, is obvious, adverts construct an imaginary world in which the rea
der is able to make come true those desires which remain unsatisfied in hi
s or her everyday life.
An advert for a science fiction magazine is unusually explicit about this. I
n addition to the primary use value of the magazine, the reader is promise
d access to a wonderful universe through the product—access to other my
sterious and tantalizing worlds and epochs, the realms of the imaginatio
n. When studying advertising, it is therefore unreasonable to expect reade
rs to decipher adverts as factual statements about reality. Most adverts are
just too meagre in informative content and too rich in emotional suggestiv
e detail to be read literally. If people read then literally, they would soon b
e forced to realize their error when the glamorous promises held out by th
e adverts didn’t materialize.
The average consumer is not surprised that his purchase of the commodit
y does not redeem the promise of the advertisement, for this is what he is
used to in life: the individual’s pursuit of happiness and success is usually
in vain. But the fantasy is his to keep; in his dream world he enjoys a “fut
ure endlessly deferred”.The Estivalia advert is quite explicit about the fact that advertising shows
us not reality, but a fantasy; it does so by openly admitting the daydream
but in a way that insists on the existence of a bridge linking daydream to r
eality—Estivalia, which is “for daydream believers”, those who refuse to
give up trying to make the hazy ideal of natural beauty and harmony com
e true.
If adverts function on the daydream level, it clearly becomes in adequate t
o merely condemn advertising for channeling readers’ attention and desire
s towards an unrealistic, paradisiacal nowhere land. Advertising certainly
does that, but in order for people to find it relevant, the utopia visualized i
n adverts must be linked to our surrounding reality by a casual connection
.
1. The people in adverts are in most coves ___.
A. happy and glamorous
B. successful
C. obvious
D. both A and B
2.When the glamorous promises held out by the adverts didn’t materialize t
he average consumer is not surprised, because ___.
A.
The consumer is used to the fact that the individual’s pursuit of happiness
and success is usually in vain.
B. Adverts are factual statements about reality.
C.
The consumer can come into the realms of imagination pictured by advert
s.
D. Adverts can make the consumer’s dreams come true.
3. What’s the bridge linking daydream to reality in adverts?
A. The product.
B. Estivalia.
C. Pictures.
D. Happy and glamorous people.
4. Why does the consumer accept the daydream in adverts?
A. Because the consumer enjoys a “future endlessly deferred.”
B. Because the consumer gives up trying to make his dream come true.
C. Because the utopia is visualized in adverts.
D.Because his purchased of the commodity does not redeem the promise of
the advertisement.
5. What is this passage mainly concerned with?
A. Many adverts can be read literally.
B. Everyone has a daydream.
C. Many adverts function on the level of the daydream.
D.
Many adverts are deceitful because they can not make good their promise
s.
第59篇答案：DABAC
第60篇：(Unit 15 ,Passage 4)
The establishment of the Third Reich influence events in American histor
y by starting a chain of event, which culminated in war between Germany
and the United states. The complete destruction of democracy, the persec
ution of Jew, the war on religion, the cruelty and barbarism of the Nazis, a
nd especially, the plans of Germany and her allies, Italy and Japan, for wo
rld conquest caused great indignation in this country and brought on fear
of another world war. While speaking out against Hitler’s atrocities, theAmerican people generally favored isolationist policies and
neutrality. The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936 prohibite
d trade with any belligerents or loans to them. In 1937
the President was empowered to declare an arms embargo
（禁运）in wars between nations at his discretion.
American opinion began to change somewhat after president Roosevelt’s
“quarantine the aggressor” speech at Chicago (1937) in which he severely
criticized Hitler’s policies. Germany’s seizure of Austria and the Munich
Pact for the partition of Czechoslovakia (1938) also aroused the America
n people. The conquest of Czechoslovakia in March 1939 was another ru
de awakening to the menace of the Third Reich. In August 1939 came the
shock of Nazi-Soviet Pact and in September the attack on Poland, the out
break of European war. The United States attempted to maintain neutralit
y in spite of sympathy for the democracies arrayed against the Third Reic
h. The Neutrality Act of 1939 repealed the arms embargo and permitted “
cash and carry” exports of arms to belligerent nations. A strong national d
efense program was begun. A draft act was passed (1940) to strengthen th
e military service. A Lend Lease Act (1941) authorized the President to se
ll, exchange, or lend materials to any country deemed necessary by him f
or the defense of the United States. Help was given to Britain by exchan
ging certain overage destroyers for the right to establish American bases in British territory in the Western Hemisphere. In August 1941, President
Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill met and issued the Atlantic Chart
er that proclaimed the kind of a world which should be established after t
he war. In December 1941, Japan launched the unprovoked attack on the
United States at Pearl Harbor. Immediately thereafter, Germany declared
war on the United States.
1.
One item occurring before 1937 that the author does not mention in his lis
t of actions that alienated the American public was ___.
A. Nazi barbarism
B. The pacts with Italy
C. German plans for conquest
D. The burning of the Reichstag
2. The Neutrality Act of 1939 ___.
A. restated America’s isolationist policies
B. proclaimed American neutrality
C. permitted the selling of arms to belligerent nations
D. was a cause of our entrance into World War Ⅱ
3. An event that did not occur in 1939 was the ___.A. invasion of Poland
B. invasion of Czechoslovakia
C. passing of the Neutrality Act
D. establishment of the University of Leipzig in Germany
4. The Lend Lease Act was blueprinted to ___.
A. strengthen our national defense
B. provide battleships to the Allies
C. help the British
D. promote the Atlantic Charter
5. The Neutrality Act of 1939 favored Great Britain because ___.
A. the British had command of the sea
B. the law permitted us to trade only with the Allies
C. it antagonized Japan
D. it led to the Lend Lease Act
第60篇答案：DCDAA
