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选择性必修第三册 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Until now，scientists haven’t been able to study the new rock on the moon.The new samples
from Chang’e 5 will change this.They’re from near Mons Rümker，a volcanic mountain
where the rock is thought to be much younger—about 1 billion years old.
There are a lot of reasons scientists are eager to study this younger rock，one of which is that
it could help us more precisely date not only the moon，but many rocky planets and other objects.
Here’s how that works: Scientists date lunar rock by using something called a chronology
curve(年代学曲线)，says Jolliff，a scientist at Washington University in St.Louis.Basically，they
estimate the age of the rock by counting the number of craters in the area the rock comes from;
those increase as objects strike the rock over time.To make this estimation，scientists need to
match the number of craters to a precise age.Right now，they only have data points for lunar rock
that is 3 to 4 billion years old.Modern techniques can date the new sample extremely accurately，
and once scientists know its precise age，they can add a valuable data point to their chronology
curve.The dating system will also help us more accurately estimate the age of all sorts of objects in
space，like rocky planets and other moons.
Another reason scientists are keen to study this young volcanic rock is to find out more about
how volcanism works on the moon.Jolliff says that it’s unclear why there was volcanic activity on
the moon for such a long period of time.Most of the moon’s volcanic activity，he says，is
thought to have occurred 3 or 4 billion years ago，when the moon was still pretty young.But since
the moon does not have plate structure，which drives volcanism on Earth，it’s unclear what
could have caused much later volcanic activity.“That’s something that you can find out of the
samples by studying them in the lab，” Jolliff says.
1．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A．The fact of being unable to study the new rock.
B．The new rock from near Mons Rümker.
C．One of the reasons to study the moon’s new rock.
D．The study of the moon’s younger rock.
2．Scientists research this younger rock because they can .
A．ensure there was volcanic activity on the moon
B．more precisely date only the moon
C．date lunar rock by using a chronology curve
D．explore how volcanism works on the moon3．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．Scientists are keen to study this young volcanic rock.
B．Scientists can’t know why volcanic activity exists on the moon.
C．The moon’s volcanic activity occurred 3 or 4 billion years ago.
D．It’s clear what could have caused much later volcanic activity.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．How Scientists Study the Younger Rock
B．Why the Research Is Important
C．Why the Younger Rock Is Worth Studying
D．What Scientists Do to Study the Younger Rock
B
In 2016，in an Illinois town called Cahokia，a woman was sent to prison just because she
failed to tend her lawn(草坪)．In 2019，a Florida man was fined $30,000 by the city of Dunedin
for allowing his grass to grow more than 10 inches in height.These examples，while extreme，are
not rare occurrence in America.
A study estimated that turf grasses (lawns，parks，athletic fields，etc.) cover over 40 million
acres in the continental U．S.，an area larger than any crop area.And Americans spend as much as
$60 billion a year maintaining these grasses.These impressive data are the result of Americans’
setting much store by these pieces of greenery for several centuries.
Centuries ago，only those with considerable wealth could own the resources needed to
maintain these displays.In the modern world，lawns have gradually changed from the estates of the
wealthy to the front yards of common people.Across America，millions of families now proudly
present their grass to their neighbors and drivers by carefully weeding，watering，fertilizing and
mowing these small-scale representations of the grounds.
With this context in mind，it’s easy to see well-tended lawns in America.People tend to use
lawns to create an impression of order or to indicate a sense of personal success.The relative health
and attractiveness of the grass in their yard becomes a barometer(晴雨表) for their life as a whole.
However，with so many acres covered by the grass，the influence associated with lawn
maintenance is more than just psychological.To begin with，a lawn requires massive quantities of
resources to sustain.The U．S.Department of Agriculture estimates that lawns account for about
half of homeowner’s water use，much of which is wasted.Additionally，Americans are reported
to use 80 million pounds of chemicals on their lawns each year.The process of tending the lawn
also contributes to air pollution.
These surprising data mean we need to question whether lawns provide us with enough benefit
to justify their widespread existence.
5．Why are the two lawn-related cases mentioned in the first paragraph?
A．To explain the effectiveness of American laws.B．To show the significance of lawns in American society.
C．To stress Americans’ awareness of environmental protection.
D．To reveal the cost of maintaining lawns in Americans’ daily life.
6．What does the underlined part in the second paragraph mean?
A．Making full use of.
B．Facing the consequence of.
C．Attaching great importance to.
D．Shouldering the responsibility for.
7．Why do Americans have a preference for well-tended lawns?
A．Because of the psychological function of lawns.
B．Because of the popularity of lawns in Americans’ life.
C．Because of the purpose of placing barometers in lawns.
D．Because of the method of planting healthy and attractive lawns.
8．What can we know about the lawns in the U．S.according to the passage?
A．They will be expanded to cover more lands.
B．They cause significant environmental concerns.
C．They will motivate people to be health-conscious.
D．They can promote the development of the chemical industry.
Ⅱ.完形填空
I am a single father with two young daughters.It had been a(n) 1 year：Being out of
work 2 me of a reliable income and thus I was always low on money.I hated to 3 my
girls.But as New Year approached，with little choice，I was 4 to tell the girls，“It looks
like our gift will be the gift of our 5 for each other.”Still，I couldn’t stop feeling 6 .
Then，unexpectedly，a(n) 7 happened to me.I 8 $1,000 in a contest.To give them
a 9 ，I kept it a secret and went shopping on my own.Back home I wrapped presents in the
basement for my girls，all the time 10 ，“Boy，how amazed they will be！”
The next morning，to 11 the gifts，I went to the living room and 12 .There were
already dozens of presents—all with my name on them.My girls had felt 13 that Dad
wouldn’t be getting any gifts，so they’d 14 wrapped their favorite stuffed animals and
other toys so that I would have a happy new year.
As I stared at the gifts through 15 eyes，I promised myself that this was the best New
Year that I had ever had.
1．A.ordinary B．happy
C．typical D．rough
2．A.reminded B．robbed
C．informed D．convinced3．A.disappoint B．warn
C．push D．control
4．A.asked B．chosen
C．expected D．forced
5．A.love B．request
C．respect D．pity
6．A.responsible B．panic
C．guilty D．pleased
7．A.idea B．miracle
C．opportunity D．failure
8．A.lost B．discovered
C．donated D．won
9．A.gift B．favor
C．surprise D．lesson
10．A.wondering B．doubting
C．remembering D．thinking
11．A.lay out B．set up
C．hand over D．get together
12．A.hesitated B．froze
C．waited D．rested
13．A.thirsty B．cool
C．bad D．natural
14．A.tightly B．carefully
C．slightly D．nervously
15．A.burning B．charming
C．watery D．picky
Ⅲ.语法填空
According to a recent survey conducted by wenjuan.com，an online survey platform，some
96 percent of surveyed youth said they were willing to purchase guochao products,1. refer
to products by homegrown brands. 2. the same time,91.6 percent of
respondents 3. (voice) their expectations for more video programs digging deeper into
traditional Chinese culture.The age group of the interviewees ranged from the post-80s to the
post-2000s generations，with the latter 4. (account) for 22.1 percent.
“Nowadays we are 5. (deep) connected with most countries in the world，
which results in a comprehensive understanding of the outside world，yet we still have confidence
in our own culture.This sense of pride 6. (base) on rational thinking，” saidprofessor Su Junbin of Xiamen University.
Unlike older generations who might favor Western culture and brands，Chinese youth were
born and raised when the 7. (country) economy was taking off，so they tend to have strong
confidence in their national identity and culture.They have gained 8. full understanding
of the outside world ， and after several rounds of comparison ， have finally found 9.
(they) to be in a strong position.So the timing is perfect，Su said,10. (push) forward
cultural products imprinted with traditional Chinese cultural features.
