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Unit 3 Growing Up 单元重点知识
一、词汇巩固
（一）核心名词
1. emotion (n.) 情感；情绪
例：Learning to manage emotions like happiness and sadness is an important part of growing
up.（学会管理快乐、悲伤等情绪是成长中重要的一部分。）
2. anger (n.) 怒火
例：He couldn’t control his anger when he saw the broken guitar his grandfather gave him.
（看到爷爷送的吉他被摔坏，他无法控制自己的怒火。）
3. pressure (n.) 压力
例：Judy felt a lot of pressure because her parents had high standards for her grades and
after-school classes.（朱迪感到很大压力，因为父母对她的成绩和课外班都有很高的标
准。）
4. decision (n.) 决定
例：The referee’s decision to give the other team two free throws made Matt’s team nervous.
（裁判决定给另一队两次罚球机会，这让马特的球队很紧张。）
5. solution (n.) 解决办法；解决
例：Tom helped Matt find a solution to his problem with the team—they held a meeting to
share ideas.（汤姆帮马特找到了和团队之间问题的解决办法 —— 他们开了个会来交流
想法。）
6. purpose (n.) 目的；意图
例：He didn’t break the window on purpose—he just kicked the ball too hard by accident.
（他不是故意打破窗户的，只是不小心把球踢得太用力了。）
7. friendship (n.) 友谊
例：The argument didn’t break their friendship; instead, it made them understand each other
better.（那场争吵没有破坏他们的友谊，反而让他们更理解彼此。）
8. courage (n.) 勇气例：It took Kelly a lot of courage to share her lonely feelings with Mrs Thompson.（凯利花
了很大勇气才向汤普森老师说🎧自己孤独的感受。）
9. regret (n.) 懊悔；遗憾
例：Harry felt regret after he realized he had hurt Peter’s feelings by breaking the guitar.
（哈利意识到自己摔坏吉他伤害了彼得的感情后，感到很懊悔。）
（二）重点动词
1. advise (v.) 建议；劝告
例：Ella advised Peter to call Harry and say sorry instead of keeping silent.（埃拉建议彼得
给哈利打电话道歉，而不是一直沉默。）
2. forgive (v.) 原谅；宽恕
例：Peter forgave Harry after they talked about the broken guitar and Harry promised to fix
it.（彼得和哈利聊过摔坏吉他的事，且哈利承诺会修好它后，彼得原谅了他。）
3. apologize (v.) 道歉
例：Harry apologized to Peter sincerely for making a mark on his precious guitar.（哈利因
为在彼得珍贵的吉他上留下痕迹，真诚地向他道歉。）
4. control (v.) 控制
例：It’s important to control your anger when you argue with friends, or you may say
something you’ll regret.（和朋友争吵时，控制住自己的怒火很重要，否则你可能会说
🎧后悔的话。）
5. reduce (v.) 减少
例：Sharing your problems with others can reduce your stress, and you might get useful
advice too.（和别人分享你的问题能减轻你的压力，你还可能得到有用的建议。）
6. remain (v.) 继续存在；保持不变
例：The memory of that day when Mrs Thompson helped Kelly remained in Kelly’s mind
even after she graduated.（即使毕业后，汤普森老师帮助凯利的那一天的记忆，仍然留
在凯利的脑海里。）
7. encourage (v.) 鼓励
例：Tom encouraged Matt not to give up even though their team was behind in the game.
（尽管球队在比赛中落后，汤姆还是鼓励马特不要放弃。）8. share (v.) 分享；分担
例：Kelly shared her favorite storybook with her new classmate to make her feel welcome.
（凯利把自己最喜欢的故事书分享给新同学，让她感到受欢迎。）
9. realize (v.) 意识到；明白
例：Matt realized he was wrong when he saw how sad his teammates were after the game.
（看到赛后队友们那么难过，马特意识到自己错了。）
（三）关键形容词
1. upset (adj.) 难过的；沮丧的
例：Peter felt upset after his fight with Harry, so he stayed in his room all afternoon.（彼得
和哈利吵架后感到很沮丧，整个下午都待在房间里。）
2. lonely (adj.) 孤独的；寂寞的
例：Moving to a new city made her feel lonely at first, but she made friends soon after
joining the art club.（刚开始搬到新城市，她感到很孤独，但加入艺术俱乐部后很快就
交到了朋友。）
3. shocked (adj.) 震惊的
例：Matt was shocked when the referee gave the other team two free throws in the last
minute of the game.（在比赛最后一分钟，当裁判给另一队两次罚球机会时，马特感到
很震惊。）
4. proud (adj.) 骄傲的；自豪的
例：Tom was proud of their team even though they lost the game, because everyone tried
their best.（尽管球队输了比赛，汤姆还是为他们的球队感到自豪，因为每个人都尽了
全力。）
5. thankful (adj.) 感谢的；感激的
例：Kelly was thankful to Mrs Thompson for being both her teacher and friend, who always
listened to her.（凯利很感激汤普森老师，因为她既是老师也是朋友，总是愿意倾听她
的心声。）
6. negative (adj.) 否定的；消极的
例：We should try to stay away from negative thoughts when we face difficulties, like “I
can’t do this”.（面对困难时，我们应该努力远离 “我做不到” 这类消极的想法。）7. sincere (adj.) 真诚的
例：Harry gave Peter a sincere apology, which made Peter want to forgive him.（哈利向彼
得真诚地道歉，这让彼得想要原谅他。）
8. brave (adj.) 勇敢的
例：It was brave of Kelly to tell Mrs Thompson about her lonely feelings.（凯利能把自己
孤独的感受告诉汤普森老师，真是很勇敢。）
9. patient (adj.) 有耐心的
例：Mrs Thompson was patient with Kelly, spending time talking to her every afternoon.
（汤普森老师对凯利很有耐心，每天下午都花时间和她聊天。）
二、词形变换
1. anger (n. 怒火) → angry (adj. 生气的) → angrily (adv. 生气地)
例：His anger made him say hurtful things.（他的怒火让他说了伤人的话。）
She was angry with herself for making such a silly mistake.（她为自己犯了这么愚蠢的错
而生气。）
He shouted angrily when he saw the broken guitar.（看到摔坏的吉他，他生气地大喊。）
2. sad (adj. 难过的) → sadly (adv. 伤心地；令人遗憾地) → sadness (n. 悲伤)
例：Matt looked sad after the game.（比赛后马特看起来很伤心。）
Sadly, they didn’t win the championship they worked hard for.（遗憾的是，他们没有赢得
为之努力的冠军。）
Kelly couldn’t hide her sadness when she talked about her old friends.（凯利说起老朋友
时，藏不住自己的悲伤。）
3. shock (n. 震惊；令人震惊的事) → shocked (adj. 震惊的) → shocking (adj. 令人震惊
的) → shockingly (adv. 令人震惊地)
例：The news of the game result gave us a big shock.（比赛结果的消息让我们很震
惊。）
We were shocked to hear that their team lost by only one point.（听到他们队仅以一分之差
输掉比赛，我们很震惊。）
It was a shocking result for everyone who supported them.（对所有支持他们的人来说，这
是个令人震惊的结果。）Shockingly, the referee changed his decision at the last minute.（令人震惊的是，裁判在最
后一分钟改变了决定。）
4. stress (n. 压力) → stressed (adj. 感到有压力的) → stressful (adj. 充满压力的)
例：Too much study and homework can bring a lot of stress.（过多的学习和作业会带来很
大压力。）
Judy felt stressed because of her parents’ high standards and busy schedule.（因为父母的高
标准和繁忙的日程，朱迪感到有压力。）
Preparing for the exam is a stressful time for most students.（准备考试对大多数学生来说
是一段充满压力的时光。）
5. proud (adj. 骄傲的；自豪的) → pride (n. 自豪；骄傲) → proudly (adv. 自豪地)
例：She was proud of her son’s achievements in the math competition.（她为儿子在数学竞
赛中的成就感到骄傲。）
He took pride in being a member of the school basketball team.（他为成为校篮球队的一员
而自豪。）
The team held the trophy proudly after winning the game.（球队赢得比赛后，自豪地举着
奖杯。）
6. encourage (v. 鼓励) → encouragement (n. 鼓励) → encouraging (adj. 令人鼓舞的)
例：Tom encouraged Matt to keep practicing basketball.（汤姆鼓励马特坚持练习篮
球。）
Mrs Thompson’s encouragement made Kelly more confident.（汤普森老师的鼓励让凯利
更自信了。）
The team’s progress in the game is encouraging.（球队在比赛中的进步令人鼓舞。）
三、重点短语
1. deal with 处理；对付
例：We should learn how to deal with our emotions like anger and sadness in a proper way.
（我们应该学会以恰当的方式处理愤怒、悲伤等情绪。）
2. let down 使失望
例：Matt was afraid of letting his team down in the important basketball game.（在这场重
要的篮球比赛中，马特害怕让他的团队失望。）3. be hard on 对…… 苛刻或过分严厉
例：Don’t be too hard on yourself—everyone makes mistakes, and it’s important to learn
from them.（别对自己太苛刻，每个人都会犯错，从错误中学习才重要。）
4. clear the air 尽释前嫌
例：Peter and Harry had a long talk to clear the air after their fight, and they became friends
again.（彼得和哈利吵架后，通过一次长谈尽释前嫌，又成了朋友。）
5. look on the bright side 从好的方面想；抱乐观态度
例：Even though we lost the game, we should look on the bright side—we improved a lot
compared to last time.（尽管我们输了比赛，但我们应该往好的方面想，和上次相比我
们进步了很多。）
6. pull together 齐心协力；通力合作
例：If we pull together and help each other, we can solve this difficult problem easily.（如
果我们齐心协力、互相帮助，就能轻松解决这个难题。）
7. put oneself in sb.’s shoes 设身处地；处于某人的境地
例：You won’t understand how Peter felt about the broken guitar until you put yourself in
his shoes.（除非你设身处地为彼得着想，否则你不会理解他对摔坏吉他的感受。）
8. take back 撤回；收回
例：He wanted to take back the hurtful words he said to his friend during the argument.（他
想收回在争吵时对朋友说的那些伤人的话。）
9. cheer up 使高兴；使振奋
例：Tom told a funny story to cheer up Matt after the game.（比赛后，汤姆讲了个有趣的
故事让马特高兴起来。）
10.open up 敞开心扉；倾诉
例：Kelly finally opened up to Mrs Thompson about her lonely feelings in the new school.
（凯利最终向汤普森老师敞开心扉，说🎧了自己在新学校的孤独感受。）
11.learn from 从…… 中学习
例：We should learn from our mistakes instead of feeling sad about them.（我们应该从错
误中学习，而不是为此难过。）
12.stick together 团结一致例：The team stuck together even when they were behind in the game, and they almost won
in the end.（即使在比赛中落后，球队仍然团结一致，最后差点赢了比赛。）
13.in order to 为了
例：Judy studies hard in order to meet her parents’ expectations.（为了达到父母的期望，
朱迪努力学习。）
四、重点句型
1. 表达建议：Why don’t you + 动词原形...? / How about + doing sth.? / You’d better +
动词原形...
例：Why don’t you talk to your parents about your stress from study?（你为什么不和父母
谈谈你学习上的压力呢？）
How about joining a sports club to make more friends and relax?（加入一个体育俱乐部交
更多朋友、放松一下，怎么样？）
You’d better apologize to him as soon as possible, or he will be more upset.（你最好尽快向
他道歉，否则他会更难过。）
2. 表达让步关系：Although..., ... / Even though..., ... / Though..., ...
例：Although you argued with each other, you are still the closest friends.（尽管你们吵过
架，但你们仍然是最亲密的朋友。）
Even though the guitar was old and not expensive, it meant a lot to Peter.（尽管这把吉他又
旧又不贵，但对彼得来说意义重大。）
Though their team lost the game, they didn’t lose their confidence.（虽然他们队输了比
赛，但没有失去信心。）
3. 表达时间关系：... until ... / Not... until... / As soon as...
例：They practiced basketball every day until the important game came.（直到重要比赛来
临，他们每天都练习篮球。）
Peter didn’t forgive Harry until Harry apologized sincerely.（直到哈利真诚道歉，彼得才
原谅他。）
As soon as Matt heard the game result, he called his teammates to comfort them.（马特一听
到比赛结果，就打电话给队友安慰他们。）
4. 表达目的：... so that .../... in order to + 动词原形.../... in order that ...例：You can write a letter to your parents so that they’ll understand your feelings better.（你
可以给父母写封信，好让他们更理解你的感受。）
Kelly joined the art club in order to make more friends in the new school.（为了在新学校交
更多朋友，凯利加入了艺术俱乐部。）
The team held a meeting in order that they could find a solution to their problem.（球队开了
个会，为的是能找到问题的解决办法。）
5. 表达情绪感受：Sb. felt + 形容词 + because .../ Sb. was + 形容词 + to do sth. / It made
sb. + 形容词 + that ...
例：Matt felt upset because he thought he let the whole team down.（马特感到沮丧，因为
他觉得自己让整个团队失望了。）
Kelly was brave to open up to Mrs Thompson about her lonely feelings.（凯利很勇敢，向
汤普森老师倾诉了自己孤独的感受。）
It made Peter sad that his favorite guitar was broken by his friend.（朋友摔坏了自己最喜欢
的吉他，这让彼得很伤心。）
6. 表达能力与可能性：Sb. can/could + 动词原形.../ Sb. is able to + 动词原形...
例：With practice, you can learn to manage your emotions better.（通过练习，你能学会更
好地管理自己的情绪。）
After talking with Mrs Thompson, Kelly was able to face her loneliness bravely.（和汤普森
老师谈话后，凯利能够勇敢地面对自己的孤独了。）
7. 表达对比：... not only..., but also... / ... instead of...
例：Growing up not only brings challenges, but also brings happiness.（成长不仅带来挑
战，也带来快乐。）
He chose to talk to Harry instead of keeping silent about the problem.（他选择和哈利谈
谈，而不是对问题保持沉默。）
8. 表达 “花费时间 / 精力做某事”：It takes sb. some time to do sth. / Sb. spends
some time (in) doing sth.
例：It took Kelly a lot of time to get used to the new school life.（凯利花了很多时间才适
应新的学校生活。）
Matt spends 30 minutes every day practicing basketball to improve his skills.（马特每天花
30 分钟练习篮球，以提高自己的技术。）9. 表达 “某人做某事是…… 的”：It’s + 形容词 + (for sb.) to do sth. / It’s + 形容词 + of
sb. to do sth.
例：It’s important for us to learn how to communicate with friends when we have
disagreements.（当我们有分歧时，学会和朋友沟通是很重要的。）
It’s kind of Mrs Thompson to spend time listening to Kelly’s feelings.（汤普森老师花时间
倾听凯利的感受，真是太好了。）
10.表达 “直到…… 才意识到……”：Sb. didn’t realize... until...
例：Harry didn’t realize he had hurt Peter’s feelings until Ella pointed it out.（直到埃拉指
🎧来，哈利才意识到自己伤害了彼得的感情。）
Judy didn’t realize her parents cared about her until she talked to them about her pressure.
（直到和父母谈论自己的压力，朱迪才意识到父母是关心她的。）
11.表达 “即使…… 也……”：Even if..., ...
例：Even if we make mistakes in growing up, we can learn valuable lessons from them.（即
使我们在成长中犯错，也能从错误中学到宝贵的教训。）
Even if the team doesn’t win the game, we will still be proud of their hard work.（即使球队
没赢得比赛，我们仍然会为他们的努力感到自豪。）
五、重点语法
（一）连词的综合运用（although/though, until, so that, even if）
1. 让步连词：although/though（尽管）、even if（即使）
◦ 共性：引导让步状语从句，从句与主句存在转折关系，不能与 but 同时使用；
though 可用于句末，表补充说明，although 不可。
◦ 差异：even if 引导的从句常表示假设的让步（“即使假设的情况发生，主句情况
仍成立”），although/though 引导的从句多表示客观存在的让步（“尽管实际情
况如此，主句情况仍成立”）。
◦ 例句对比：
Though it rained heavily, the team still kept practicing.（尽管雨下得很大，球队仍然坚持
训练。—— 客观事实让步）
Even if it rains tomorrow, we will still go to watch the game.（即使明天下雨，我们还是会
去看比赛。—— 假设情况让步）He is a good student, though he sometimes makes small mistakes.（他是个好学生，尽管有
时会犯小错。——though 用于句末）
2. 时间连词：until（直到…… 为止）
◦ 两种用法：
① 主句为肯定句时，谓语动词需为延续性动词，表 “动作持续到从句时间点结束”。
例：She waited for her friend until he arrived.（她一直等朋友，直到朋友到达。——“等
待” 是延续性动作）
② 主句为否定句时（常构成 “not...until...”），谓语动词需为短暂性动词，表 “动作直
到从句时间点才发生”。
例：He didn’t start the homework until his mother reminded him.（直到妈妈提醒，他才开
始写作业。——“开始” 是短暂性动作）
◦ 注意：until 引导的从句可用一般现在时表将来（当主句为一般将来时）。
例：We will stay here until the rain stops.（我们会待在这里，直到雨停。—— 从句 “rain
stops” 用一般现在时表将来）
3. 目的连词：so that（为了；以便）
◦ 核心功能：引导目的状语从句，说明主句动作的 “目的”，从句常含情态动词
can/could/will/would 等。
◦ 与 “in order that” 的区别：so that 引导的从句可位于主句前或后，in order that
引导的从句多位于主句后；so that 引导的从句若表否定目的，需加 “not”（“so
that...not...”），in order that 表否定目的需用 “in order that...not...” 或 “in order
not to...”（后接动词原形）。
◦ 例句：
She studies hard so that she can get good grades.（她努力学习，为了能取得好成绩。——
so that 引导目的从句，位于主句后）
In order that we can catch the early bus, we need to get up at 6 o’clock.（为了能赶上早班
车，我们需要 6 点起床。——in order that 引导目的从句）
He wrote down the key points so that he wouldn’t forget them.（他记下重点，以防忘
记。——so that...not... 表否定目的）
（二）反身代词的深层用法1. 核心功能：指代主语本身，强调 “亲自、独自” 或 “动作作用于自身”
◦ 作宾语：用于动词或介词后，主语与宾语为同一人。
例：He hurt himself while playing basketball.（他打篮球时伤到了自己。—— 动词 hurt
后接反身代词作宾语）
She often talks to herself when she is thinking.（她思考时经常自言自语。—— 介词 to
后接反身代词作宾语）
◦ 作同位语：用于主语或宾语后，起强调作用，可省略，不影响句子结构。
例：The teacher himself will give us a lecture tomorrow.（老师本人明天会给我们讲
课。—— 强调 “老师亲自”）
We made the model plane ourselves.（我们自己做的飞机模型。—— 强调 “我们亲手”）
2. 常见固定搭配
反身代词搭配 含义 单元例句
by oneself 独自；靠自己 Kelly finished the project by herself.（凯利独自完成了
项目。）
help oneself 随便吃 / Help yourself to the snacks—they are for everyone.（随
to... 用…… 便吃点心，是给大家准备的。）
enjoy oneself 玩得开心 The students enjoyed themselves at the summer camp.
（学生们在夏令营玩得很开心。）
behave oneself 表现得体 It’s important to behave oneself in public when growing
up.（成长中，在公共场合表现得体很重要。）
lose oneself 沉浸于…… He lost himself in reading stories about growing up.（他
in... 沉浸在阅读成长故事中。）
3. 易错点提醒：反身代词不能单独作主语，需与主语同形，避免人称或单复数混淆。
错误：Myself will go to the library.（反身代词不能作主语）
正确：I myself will go to the library.（反身代词作同位语，主语为 I）
错误：They helped themself with the homework.（单复数混淆）
正确：They helped themselves with the homework.（主语 they 为复数，反身代词用
themselves）（三）情态动词 could 的多场景用法
1. 表 “建议”：语气委婉，比 should 更客气，后接动词原形
◦ 用于向他人提🎧建议，常与 “why not”“how about” 互换，但 could 后接动词
原形，how about 后接动名词。
◦ 例：You could talk to your teacher if you have trouble with your studies.（如果你学
习有困难，可以和老师谈谈。—— 建议）
Could we go to the park this weekend to relax?（这周末我们去公园放松一下好吗？——
委婉提议）
2. 表 “过去的能力”：与 can 的过去式一致，可与 “be able to” 互换（过去时中）
◦ 区别：could 表 “过去具备的一般能力”，不强调 “是否成功做
到”；“was/were able to” 表 “过去成功做到某事的能力”，强调结果。
◦ 例：When he was young, he could play the guitar very well.（他年轻时吉他弹得很
好。—— 过去的一般能力）
He was able to finish the difficult task on time with his friends’ help.（在朋友的帮助下，他
成功按时完成了艰巨的任务。—— 过去成功做到）
3. 表 “过去的可能性”：用于肯定句或否定句，表 “过去可能 / 不可能发生的事”
◦ 例：He could be late for the meeting—his phone was off just now.（他可能开会迟
到了，刚才他电话关机了。—— 肯定的可能性）
It couldn’t be true that he lied to us—he is always honest.（他不可能对我们撒谎，他一直
很诚实。—— 否定的可能性）
4. 表 “请求许可”：比 can 更委婉，多用于过去时；在现在时中表请求，语气极客气
◦ 例：Could I borrow your pen yesterday?（昨天我能借你的笔用一下吗？—— 过
去时请求）
Could you please pass me the book?（能请你把书递给我吗？—— 现在时委婉请求）
