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2026
人教版英语八下单元重点知识
Unit 5 Nature's Temper 单元重点知识
一、词汇巩固
（一）核心名词（自然灾害相关）
1. earthquake / 'ɜ:θkweɪk/ (n.) 地震
例：When the earthquake hit, Kate was doing her homework, and the building shook
suddenly.（地震发生时，凯特正在写作业，大楼突然摇晃起来。）
2. typhoon /taɪ 'fu:n/ (n.) 台风
例：Before the typhoon landed, Haitao’s family covered the windows and stored food and
water, so they stayed safe.（台风登陆前，海涛一家加固了窗户、储备了食物和水，因
此安全度过。）
3. tsunami /tsu: 'nɑ:mi/ (n.) 海啸
例 ： Tilly Smith saved over 100 lives because she remembered that underwater
earthquakes can cause tsunamis.（蒂莉・史密斯拯救了 100 多人的生命，因为她记得
海底地震会引发海啸。）
4. wildfire / 'waɪldfaɪə(r)/ (n.) 野火
例：During the hot summer, a wildfire broke out in the mountains, and firefighters worked
day and night to put it out.（炎热的夏天，山里爆发了野火，消防队员日夜奋战灭
火。）
5. preparation / 'prepə 'reɪʃn/ (n.) 准备（工作）；预备
例：Making preparations for natural disasters, like storing emergency supplies, can help
people stay safe.（为自然灾害做准备，如储备应急物资，能帮助人们保障安全。）
6. floodwater / 'flʌdwɔ:tə(r)/ (n.) 洪水
例：After the typhoon, floodwater nearly reached the windows of Lisa’s house, leaving
a mess inside.（台风过后，洪水几乎漫到莉萨家的窗户，屋里一片狼藉。）
（二）重点动词（灾害应对 & 预警）
1. warn /wɔ:n/ (v.) 警告；提醒注意
例：Xinyi’s neighbour warned her about the flooding in time, so her family avoided
danger. （辛怡的邻居及时提醒她洪水来袭，因此她家躲过了危险。）2026
人教版英语八下单元重点知识
2. refuse /rɪˈfjuːz/ (v.) 拒绝；退却
例：When Tilly realized a tsunami was coming, she refused to walk further, and finally
persuaded her family to return to the hotel.（当蒂莉意识到海啸即将来临时，她拒绝继
续前行，最终说服家人返回酒店。）
3. rescue /ˈreskjuː/ (v.&n.) 援救；营救
例：Firefighters and volunteers worked together to rescue people trapped in the wildfire.
（消防队员和志愿者共同营救被困在野火中的人们。）
4. avoid /əˈvɔɪd/ (v.) 避免；防止
例：To stay safe during a typhoon, people should avoid traveling and stay inside as
much as possible.（台风期间要保障安全，人们应避免出行，尽量待在室内。）
5. store /stɔː(r)/ (v.) 储存；存放
例：Before a snowstorm, it’s wise to store enough food, water and warm clothes at
home. （暴风雪来临前，在家储存足够的食物、水和保暖衣物是明智的做法。）
6. panic /ˈpænɪk/ (v.) 惊慌；恐慌
例：When people saw the tsunami coming, they started to panic, but the security guard
kept calm and guided them to safety.（当人们看到海啸来袭时开始恐慌，但保安保持冷
静，引导大家前往安全地带。）
（三）关键形容词（灾害特征 & 状态）
1. sudden /ˈsʌdn/ (adj.) 突然的；骤然的
例：The earthquake happened all of a sudden, and many people were caught off guard.
（地震突然发生，很多人毫无防备。）
2. dangerous /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/ (adj.) 危险的
例：It’s dangerous to stay near the coast during a typhoon, as tall waves and floodwater
may appear.（台风期间待在海岸附近很危险，因为可能出现巨浪和洪水。）
3. emergency /ɪˈmɜːdʒənsi/ (adj.) 紧急的；应急的 (n.) 紧急情况
例：We should keep an emergency kit at home, which includes bandages, medicine and
canned food.（家里应备有应急包，包含绷带、药品和罐头食品。）
4. terrible /ˈterəbl/ (adj.) 可怕的；糟糕的
例：The snowstorm last weekend was terrible—many people couldn’t get home and had to
stay in hotels.（上周末的暴风雪很可怕，很多人无法回家，不得不留在酒店。）2026
人教版英语八下单元重点知识
5. safe /seɪf/ (adj.) 安全的
例：After the tornado passed, Jenny’s family stepped outside and found everyone was
safe. （龙卷风过后，珍妮一家走出户外，发现所有人都安全。）
二、词形变换
1. danger (n. 危险) → dangerous (adj. 危险的) → safely (adv. 安全地) → safety (n.
安全)
例：There’s great danger in staying outside during a typhoon.（台风期间待在户外有很
大危险。）
Floodwater is dangerous because it may carry harmful things.（洪水很危险，因为可能携
带有害物质。）
The rescue team guided the villagers to a safe place safely.（救援队安全地将村民引导到
安全地带。）
People’s safety should be the top priority during natural disasters.（自然灾害期间，人员
安全应是首要任务。）
2. sudden (adj. 突然的) → suddenly (adv. 突然地) → all of a sudden (短语：突然)
例：A sudden earthquake shook the city at midnight.（午夜时分，一场突如其来的地震
摇晃了整座城市。）
The wind suddenly became stronger, and the rain started to pour.（风突然变大，雨开始
倾盆而下。）
All of a sudden, the lights went out, and the room was in total darkness.（突然，灯灭
了，房间陷入一片黑暗。）
3. prepare (v. 准备) → preparation (n. 准备) → prepared (adj. 有准备的)
例：We should prepare for natural disasters by learning survival skills.（我们应通过学习
生存技能为自然灾害做准备。）
Making early preparations can reduce the damage caused by typhoons.（提前准备能减少
台风造成的损失。）
Haitao’s family was well prepared for the typhoon, so they had no trouble.（海涛一家为
台风做了充分准备，因此没有遇到麻烦。）
4. terrible (adj. 可怕的) → terribly (adv. 非常；糟糕地)
例：The wildfire caused terrible damage to the forest.（野火对森林造成了可怕的破坏。）2026
人教版英语八下单元重点知识
The typhoon hit the city terribly, and many houses lost their roofs.（台风严重袭击了这座
城市，很多房屋的屋顶被掀翻。）
5. panic (v. 恐慌) → panicked (adj. 惊慌的) → panicky (adj. 易恐慌的)
例：People started to panic when they heard the tsunami warning.（听到海啸预警时，人
们开始恐慌。）
The panicked crowd rushed to the exit, but no one was hurt.（惊慌的人群冲向出口，但没
有人受伤。）
Don’t be panicky—follow the guide’s instructions, and you’ll be safe.（别恐慌，听从向
导的指示，你就会安全。）
三、重点短语
1. all of a sudden 突然；猛地
例：All of a sudden, thunder rolled across the sky, and it started to rain heavily.（突
然，雷声滚滚，下起了大雨。）
2. make preparations 作准备
例：Before a typhoon, we should make preparations like checking windows and storing
emergency supplies.（台风前，我们应做准备，如检查窗户、储备应急物资。）
3. stay safe 保持安全
例：The reporter advised people to stay safe by staying inside and paying attention to
weather reports.（记者建议人们待在室内、关注天气预报以保持安全。）
4. break out （灾害、疾病等）爆发
例：A wildfire broke out in the mountains last week, and firefighters spent three days
putting it out.（上周山里爆发了野火，消防队员花了三天时间才扑灭。）
5. catch off guard 使措手不及；毫无防备
例：The earthquake caught people off guard, as there was no early warning.（由于没有
预警，地震让人们措手不及。）
6. in total darkness 完全处于黑暗中
例：When the power went out during the storm, the house was in total darkness, and we
had to use flashlights.（暴风雨期间停电，屋里一片漆黑，我们不得不使用手电筒。）
7. run for safety 跑向安全地带2026
人教版英语八下单元重点知识
例：When people saw the tsunami coming, they dropped their things and ran for safety.
（当人们看到海啸来袭时，扔下东西跑向安全地带。）
8. put out 扑灭（火）；熄灭
例：With the help of volunteers, the firefighters finally put out the wildfire after three
days of hard work.（在志愿者的帮助下，消防队员经过三天奋战终于扑灭了野
火。）
9. pay attention to 注意；关注
例：During bad weather, we should pay attention to weather reports and follow the official
advice.（恶劣天气期间，我们应关注天气预报，遵循官方建议。）
四、重点句型
1. 描述自然灾害发生时的动作（过去进行时 + when/while）：Sb. was/were doing sth.
when/while + 灾害发生（一般过去时）.
例：Xinyi’s family were having dinner when her neighbour called to warn them about the
flooding.（辛怡一家正在吃晚饭时，邻居打电话提醒他们洪水来袭。）While Kate
was doing her homework, the earthquake started, and the building shook.（凯特正在写作
业
时，地震发生了，大楼开始摇晃。）
2. 提出防灾建议（should/shouldn’t + 动作）：To stay safe during [disaster], you
should + 正确做法. / You shouldn’t + 错误做法.
例：To stay safe during a typhoon, you should stay inside and avoid traveling.（台风期间
要保障安全，你应待在室内，避免出行。）You shouldn’t stand near windows during an
earthquake, as glass may break.（地震期间不要站在窗户附近，因为玻璃可能破碎。）
3. 说明灾害造成的影响（主语 + 动词 + 具体影响）：[Disaster] caused + 损失 / 影
响. / [Disaster] made + 结果（sb. do /sth. + adj.）.
例：The 2004 tsunami caused over 200,000 deaths, but no one on Tilly’s beach died.（2004
年的海啸导致 20 多万人死亡，但蒂莉所在的海滩无人遇难。）The snowstorm made
the roads icy, and many cars couldn’t move.（暴风雪使道路结冰，很多车辆无法行
驶。）
4. 讲述灾害中的经历（时间顺序 + 动作）：First, [事件 1]. Then, [事件 2]. Finally,
[事件 3]. When [灾害发生], I was + 动作.
例：First, my alarm clock didn’t go off, so I woke up late. Then, it started to pour while
I was waiting for the bus. Finally, I reached school out of breath and found the test was
canceled.（首先，我的闹钟没响，所以起晚了。然后，等公交车时开始下大雨。最
后，我气喘吁吁赶到学校，发现考试取消了。）2026
人教版英语八下单元重点知识
5. 对比防灾准备的不同结果（with/without preparation + 结果）：With [preparation],
sb. + 积极结果. / Without [preparation], sb. + 消极结果.
例：With early preparations, Haitao’s family stayed safe during the typhoon.（由于提前准
备，海涛一家在台风期间安全无恙。）Without any warning, many people were caught off
guard by the sudden earthquake.（由于没有任何预警，很多人对突然的地震毫无防备。）
6. 描述灾害中的情绪反应（sb. + felt + 情绪 + because + 原因）：People felt
[emotion] because [灾害场景]. / When [灾害场景], sb. started to + 情绪动作.
例：People felt scared because the tornado was getting closer and closer.（人们感到害
怕，因为龙卷风越来越近。）When the floodwater entered the house, Lisa started to
panic, but her father kept calm.（当洪水进入房屋时，莉萨开始恐慌，但她的爸爸保持
冷静。）
7. 说明灾害预警与应对的关系（as soon as + 预警 + 行动）：As soon as sb. received
the [disaster] warning, sb. + 应对动作.
例：As soon as Tilly’s father received the tsunami warning from the security guard, he
helped guide people off the beach.（蒂莉的爸爸一收到保安的海啸预警，就帮忙引导
人们撤离海滩。）As soon as the weather report said a typhoon was coming, Haitao’s
family started to cover the windows and store supplies.（一听到天气预报说台风即将来
临，海涛一家就开始加固窗户、储备物资。）
8. 描述灾害后的救援与恢复（sb. + 救援动作 + to help sb. do sth. ）：After [disaster],
rescuers/volunteers + 救援动作 + to help people [恢复行动].
例：After the wildfire in Chongqing, over 1,500 firefighters and volunteers worked day
and night to help put out the fire and bring people to safety.（重庆发生野火后，1500 多
名消防队员和志愿者日夜奋战，帮助灭火并将人们转移到安全地带。）After the
typhoon, the neighbourhood residents helped clean up the streets to make the area tidy
again.（台风过后，街区居民帮忙清理街道，让区域恢复整洁。）
9. 解释知识在防灾中的作用（because sb. knew/remembered + 知识 + sb. + 积极结
果）： Sb. saved lives/avoided danger because sb. knew/remembered + 防灾知识.
例 ： Tilly Smith saved over 100 lives because she remembered that underwater
earthquakes can create tsunamis.（蒂莉・史密斯拯救了 100 多人的生命，因为她记得
海底地震会引发海啸。）We avoided getting caught in the flood because we knew we
should move to higher ground when floodwater rises.（我们没有被困在洪水中，因为我
们知道洪水上涨时应转移到地势较高的地方。）
10. 表达灾害中的幸运与不幸（fortunately/unfortunately + 结果）：Unfortunately, [不
幸结果]. Fortunately, [幸运转折].2026
人教版英语八下单元重点知识
例：Unfortunately, Lisa’s family didn’t know the typhoon was coming and almost got into
a car accident. Fortunately, they finally got home safely.（不幸的是，莉萨一家不知道台
风即将来临，差点发生车祸。幸运的是，他们最终安全到家。）Unfortunately, the man’s
window broke during the typhoon. Fortunately, no one in his family was hurt.（不幸的
是，这位男士家的窗户在台风中碎了。幸运的是，他的家人都没有受伤。）
五、重点语法
（一）过去进行时（Past Continuous Tense）
1. 核心用法
. 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作：常与 “at the time of...”“when...” 连用，描述灾害
突发时人们的即时动作，是单元语法核心。
例：What were you doing at the time of the earthquake? — I was doing my
homework. （地震发生时你在做什么？—— 我正在写作业。）
When the typhoon hit, Haitao’s family were reading together at home.（台风来袭时，海
涛一家正在家里一起看书。）
. 为过去动作提供背景：用 “while...” 引导持续动作，铺垫灾害发生的场景，使叙事更
生动。
例：While everyone was enjoying the beach that morning, Tilly noticed strange waves
and froth on the sea surface.（那天早上，当大家都在海滩上休闲时，蒂莉注意到海面
出现了异常的海浪和泡沫。）
While we were driving home, the strong winds started, and we could barely see the road.
（我们正开车回家时，大风突然刮起，我们几乎看不见路。） 12-84）。
2. 结构与句式变换
. 肯定式：主语 + was/were + 动词 - ing
例：Liu Yun was traveling on the train when the snowstorm started.（暴风雪开始时，
刘云正在坐火车旅行。）
. 否定式：主语 + was/were not + 动词 - ing
例：The boy was not playing outside when the typhoon hit—he was at home having
dinner.（台风来袭时，这个男孩没在外面玩，他正在家里吃晚饭。）2026
人教版英语八下单元重点知识
. 疑问式：Was/Were + 主语 + 动词 - ing
例：Were you preparing for the typhoon before it landed? — Yes, we were covering the
windows.（台风登陆前你们在做准备吗？—— 是的，我们在加固窗户。）
3. 与一般过去时的辨析
. 过去进行时：表 “过去持续进行的动作” ，常与 “while” 连用，强调动作的 “过
程”；
. 一般过去时：表 “过去短暂发生的动作” ，常与 “when” 连用，强调动作的 “结
果”。例：While I was doing chores, my mother prepared lunch.（我在做家务时，妈
妈做好了午饭。——“做家务” 是持续过程，“做好午饭” 是短暂结果）When the
earthquake started, Kate was doing her homework.（地震发生时，凯特正在写作业。
——“地震发生” 是短暂动作，“写作业” 是持续过程）
（二）连词 when 与 while 的用法（结合灾害场景）
1. 共性与差异
. 共性：均引导时间状语从句，描述 “灾害发生时的动作关联”；
. 差异：① when：可接 “短暂动作” 或 “持续动作”，从句动作可先于、后于或同时
于主句动作；② while：仅接 “持续动作”（动词 - ing 形式），从句动作与主句动作
“同时进行”。
例：When the tsunami came (短暂动作), people were running for safety.（海啸来临
时，人们正在跑向安全地带。）
While the typhoon was blowing (持续动作), we stayed inside and listened to the radio.
（台风刮起时，我们待在室内听收音机。）
2. 句式结构
. 主句（过去进行时）+ when + 从句（一般过去时）：
例：We were driving home when the strong winds started.（我们正开车回家时，大风
突然刮起。）
. While + 从句（过去进行时）+ 主句（过去进行时 / 一般过去时）：
例：While Tilly was walking along the beach, she noticed strange waves.（蒂莉正在海
滩散步时，发现了异常的海浪。）
（三）情态动词 should 的用法（防灾建议表达）2026
人教版英语八下单元重点知识
1. 表 “义务与建议”
. 用于提出 “防灾、避险的必要措施”，语气明确，后接动词原形，否定式为
“shouldn’t”。
例：You should store emergency supplies like water and canned food before a disaster.
（灾害前你应该储备水、罐头等应急物资。）
You shouldn’t stay near the coast when a tsunami warning is issued.（海啸预警发布
时，你不应该待在海岸附近。）
2. 与 could 的语气对比
. should：语气 “直接、坚定” ，表 “必要建议” ，如防灾中的 “必须措施”；
. could：语气 “委婉、可选” ，表 “可选建议” ，如灾害中的 “替代方案”。
例：You should stay inside during a typhoon.（台风期间你必须待在室内。—— 必要
措施）
You could listen to the radio or watch TV to get weather updates.（你可以听收音机或看
电视获取天气更新。—— 可选方案）
（四）复合名词（自然灾害相关）
1. 构成与单元高频词
. 构成方式：“名词 + 名词” 或 “形容词 + 名词”，多表示 “自然灾害类型” 或 “防
灾相关事物”；
. 单元高频复合名词：wildfire（野火）、snowstorm（暴风雪）、floodwater（洪水）、
landslide（滑坡）、heartbeat（心跳）、safeguard（安全设施）。
例：A wildfire broke out in the mountains, and firefighters rushed to put it out.（山里爆
发了野火，消防队员赶来灭火。）
The floodwater nearly reached the first floor of the building after the typhoon.（台风
过后，洪水几乎漫到了大楼的一楼。）
2. 用法注意
. 部分复合名词为 “可数名词” ，复数形式在末尾加 - s ，如 snowstorms 、landslides；
. 部分复合名词为 “不可数名词” ，无复数形式，如 floodwater 、manpower。
例：Heavy rain caused many landslides in the area.（暴雨在该区域引发了多起滑坡。）
We need more manpower to clean up the streets after the snowstorm.（暴风雪后我们需
要更多人力清理街道。）
