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Unit8MakingaDifference_新人教八下资料包_14讲义(教师版+学生版)(全)_教师版

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Unit8MakingaDifference_新人教八下资料包_14讲义(教师版+学生版)(全)_教师版
Unit8MakingaDifference_新人教八下资料包_14讲义(教师版+学生版)(全)_教师版
Unit8MakingaDifference_新人教八下资料包_14讲义(教师版+学生版)(全)_教师版
Unit8MakingaDifference_新人教八下资料包_14讲义(教师版+学生版)(全)_教师版
Unit8MakingaDifference_新人教八下资料包_14讲义(教师版+学生版)(全)_教师版
Unit8MakingaDifference_新人教八下资料包_14讲义(教师版+学生版)(全)_教师版
Unit8MakingaDifference_新人教八下资料包_14讲义(教师版+学生版)(全)_教师版
Unit8MakingaDifference_新人教八下资料包_14讲义(教师版+学生版)(全)_教师版
Unit8MakingaDifference_新人教八下资料包_14讲义(教师版+学生版)(全)_教师版
Unit8MakingaDifference_新人教八下资料包_14讲义(教师版+学生版)(全)_教师版
Unit8MakingaDifference_新人教八下资料包_14讲义(教师版+学生版)(全)_教师版
Unit8MakingaDifference_新人教八下资料包_14讲义(教师版+学生版)(全)_教师版
Unit8MakingaDifference_新人教八下资料包_14讲义(教师版+学生版)(全)_教师版
Unit8MakingaDifference_新人教八下资料包_14讲义(教师版+学生版)(全)_教师版

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Unit 8 Making a Difference 知识点1:different/difference相关用法 • different(adj. 不同的)、difference(n. 差异;不同) • 常用搭配:be different from(与……不同)、 the difference between A and B(A和B之间的差异)、 be different in(在……方面不同)、 make a difference (to sb./sth)(对……有影响)、 make no difference (to sb./sth)(对……没有影响) 例子:My schoolbag is different from my deskmate’s.(我的书包和同桌的不 一样。); Can you tell me the difference between Math and English?(你能告诉我数学 和英语的区别吗?); Studying hard makes a difference to our grades.(努力学习对我们的成绩有影 响。) 知识点2:beneficial/benefit相关用法 • beneficial(adj. 有益的)、benefit(n./v. 好处) • 常用搭配:benefit from...(从……中受益)、 beneficial to...(对……有益) 例子:Reading every day is beneficial to our vocabulary.(每天阅读对我们的 词汇量有益。); We can benefit a lot from our teachers’ advice.(我们能从老师的建议中受 益良多。) 知识点3:direct相关词性与用法 • direct(adj. 直接的;v. 指导)、direction(n. 方向;指示)、directly(adv. 直接地) 例子:She gave me a direct answer to the question.(她给了我这个问题的直 接答案。); The teacher directed us to finish the homework on time.(老师指导我们按时 完成作业。); Can you tell me the direction to the library?(你能告诉我去图书馆的方向 吗?); I went directly home after school.(放学后我直接回家了。) 知识点4:sort相关短语 • 常用搭配:all sorts of...(各种各样的……)、 sort out sth.(整理)、 sort...into...(把……分成……) 例子:The store sells all sorts of stationery.(这家商店卖各种各样的文具。); I need to sort out my desk before the new term.(新学期前我需要整理我的 书桌。);Let’s sort the books into storybooks and textbooks.(我们把书分成故事书和 课本吧。) 知识点5:organize相关词性与用法 • organize(v. 组织、整理)、organized(adj. 有条理的)、organization(n. 组织) ◦ organization(C. 可数名词):指具体团体(如慈善组织、学校社团);(U. 不可数名词):指抽象的安排、条理 • 常用搭配:keep sth. organized(保持某物有序)、 work with an organization(与某个组织合作)、 support an organization(支持某个组织)、 with good organization(凭借良好的安排) 例子:Our class will organize a spring outing next month.(我们班下个月会组 织一次春游。); She is very organized and her notebook is neat.(她很有条理,笔记本很整 齐。); I joined the school’s environmental organization.(我加入了学校的环保组 织。); With good organization, the party went smoothly.(凭借良好的安排,派对进 行得很顺利。) 知识点6:provide的两种搭配 • 用法:Provide sb. with sth.(直接接“人”,后用with接“物”)、 provide sth. for sb.(先接“物”,后用for接“人”) 例子:The teacher provides us with free learning materials.(老师给我们提供 免费的学习资料。); The school provides free lunch for all students.(学校为所有学生提供免费午 餐。) 知识点7:guide相关词性与用法 • guide(v. 指导;n. 向导)、guidance(n. 指导)、guided(adj. 受指导 的)、guiding(adj. 起指导作用的) • 常用搭配:guide sb. through + 地点(带领某人穿过某地)、 guide sb. on sth.(关于某事指导某人)、 guide sb. to do sth.(指导某人做某事) 例子:The tour guide guided us through the museum.(导游带领我们参观了 博物馆。); My mom guides me on how to manage time.(妈妈指导我如何管理时间。); The teacher guided us to solve the math problem.(老师指导我们解决这道数 学题。) 知识点8:duty相关短语 • 常用搭配:on duty(值日、值班)、 off duty(下班、不值日)、do one’s duty(尽某人的责任)、 fulfill one’s duty(履行某人的职责)、 take duty(承担值日/值班任务) 例子:I am on duty today, so I need to clean the classroom.(今天我值日, 所以要打扫教室。); The teacher is off duty now, so you can ask her tomorrow.(老师现在下班了, 你可以明天问她。); We should do our duty to finish homework carefully.(我们应该尽责任认真完 成作业。) 知识点9:donate相关用法 • donate(v. 捐赠)、donation(n. 捐赠) • 常用搭配:donate sth. to sb./sth.(把某物捐赠给……)、 make a donation (to sb./sth.)(向……捐赠)、 donation to sb./sth.(给……的捐赠) 例子:I donated my old books to the children in poor areas.(我把旧书捐给 了贫困地区的孩子。); Our class made a donation to the animal shelter.(我们班给动物收容所捐了 款。) 知识点10:owner/own相关用法 • owner(n. 主人、物主)、own(v. 拥有;adj. 自己的) • 常用搭配:the owner of……(……的主人/物主)、 one’s own(属于某人自己的)、 one’s own + 名词(“某人自己的……”) 例子:Mr. Li is the owner of this pet shop.(李先生是这家宠物店的主人。); She owns a small cat.(她养了一只小猫。); I want to have my own bedroom.(我想有一间自己的卧室。) 知识点11:interview相关词性与用法 • interview(n. 采访、面试;v. 采访、面试)、interviewer(n. 面试官;采访 者)、interviewee(n. 被采访者;被面试者) • 常用搭配:have an interview(参加面试)、 give an interview(接受采访)、 interview sb.(采访/面试某人) 例子:The reporter interviewed our headmaster yesterday.(记者昨天采访了我 们的校长。); He will have an interview for the school basketball team.(他要参加学校篮球 队的面试。); The interviewee answered the interviewer’s questions calmly.(被面试者冷静 地回答了面试官的问题。) 知识点12:used to do sth.的用法 • 含义:表示“过去常常做某事”,强调过去的习惯/状态,现在已不再持续例子:I used to play the piano, but now I don’t have time.(我过去常常弹 钢琴,但现在没时间了。); She used to walk to school, but now she takes the bus.(她过去常常步行上 学,现在坐公交了。) 知识点13:offer to do sth.的用法 • 含义:“主动提出做某事” 例子:My classmate offered to help me carry the heavy books.(我的同学主 动提出帮我搬重书。); He offered to teach me English after class.(他主动提出课后教我英语。) 知识点14:actual/action/actually相关用法 • actual(adj. 实际的)、action(n. 行动)、actually(adv. 实际上) • 常用搭配:the actual cost(实际成本)、 an actual event(真实发生的事件)、 take action(采取行动) 例子:The actual price of the toy is lower than the tag.(这个玩具的实际价 格比标价低。); We should take action to protect the environment.(我们应该采取行动保护环 境。); I thought she didn’t like music, but actually she loves singing.(我以为她不 喜欢音乐,其实她爱唱歌。) 知识点15:patient相关词性与用法 • patient(adj. 有耐心的;n. 病人)、patience(n. 耐心)、impatient(adj. 无耐心的) • 常用搭配:be patient (in) doing sth.(在做某事上有耐心)、 be patient with sb.(对某人有耐心) 例子:Our English teacher is always patient with us.(我们的英语老师对我们 总是很有耐心。); You need to be patient in solving this difficult problem.(解决这道难题时你需 要有耐心。); He is impatient to wait for the bus, so he walked.(他等公交没耐心,所以走 路去了。) 知识点16:join the army的易错点 • 易错提醒:不能说“join an army”或“join in the army” ◦ join the army:参军(“join + 组织/团体”,army前必须加 the,表特指 “军队”) ◦ in the army:在军队里(表“服役/任职”的状态,army前加the) 例子:His uncle joined the army when he was 20.(他叔叔 20 岁时参了 军。); My father worked in the army for 5 years.(我爸爸在军队里工作了5年。)知识点17:start doing sth.的用法 • 含义:“开始做某事”,强调“开始一项持续性的动作” 例子:She started learning English when she was 6.(她 6 岁时开始学英 语。); We started running every morning to keep healthy.(为了保持健康,我们开始 每天早上跑步。) 知识点18:help out的用法 • 含义:不及物动词短语,“(尤指在困难时刻)帮忙、协助”,比“help” 更强调“实际参与、出力” 例子:When my deskmate was ill, I helped out with her notes.(同桌生病时, 我帮她补了笔记。); My brother helped out with housework when Mom was busy.(妈妈忙的时候, 弟弟帮忙做了家务。) 知识点19:rescue相关词性与用法 • rescue(n./v. 营救)、rescuer(n. 营救者) • 常用搭配:rescue sb from sth/sb(从某物/某人手中营救某人)、 carry out a rescue(开展营救) 例子:The firefighter rescued a cat from the burning house.(消防员从着火 的房子里救了一只猫。); The team carried out a rescue for the lost hikers.(团队为迷路的徒步者开展 了营救。) 知识点20:Back in + 过去时间的用法 • 含义:“回到(过去某时间)”,用于回忆过去 例子:Back in 2019, we had a great trip to Beijing.(回到2019年,我们去北 京玩得很开心。); Back in primary school, I made many good friends.(回到小学时,我交了很 多好朋友。) 知识点21:in an emergency的用法 • 含义:“在紧急情况下” 例子:We should call 120 in an emergency.(紧急情况下我们应该打 120。);Remember to stay calm in an emergency.(紧急情况下要记得保持 冷静。) 知识点22:medicine相关词性与用法 • medicine(n. 药)、medical(adj. 药物的)、medicate(v. 用药治疗) 例子:Take this medicine three times a day, and you’ll feel better.(这药一 天吃三次,你会好起来的。); The hospital has advanced medical equipment.(这家医院有先进的医疗设 备。);The doctor medicated the patient carefully.(医生仔细地给病人用药治疗。) 知识点23:first aid与aid的用法 • first aid:“急救” • aid的搭配:aid sb. in doing sth.(帮助某人做某事)、 aid sb. to do sth.(帮助某人做某事) 例子:We learned how to do first aid in PE class.(我们在体育课上学了如何 急救。); My friend aided me in finishing the science project.(朋友帮我完成了科学项 目。); She aided her little brother to learn to ride a bike.(她帮弟弟学骑自行 车。) 知识点24:practical/practise相关用法 • practical(adj. 实际的)、practise(v. 练习) • 常用搭配:be practical about sth.(实事求是看待某事)、 practise doing sth.(练习做某事) 例子:His advice is very practical for our daily life.(他的建议对我们的日常生 活很实用。); I practise playing basketball every weekend.(我每周周末练习打篮球。); We should be practical about our exam results.(我们应该客观看待考试成 绩。) 知识点25:ordinary相关用法 • ordinary(adj. 平凡的)、ordinariness(n. 平凡) • 常用搭配:out of the ordinary(不寻常的)、 in the ordinary way(按常规) 例子:She lives an ordinary life with her family.(她和家人过着平凡的生 活。); Yesterday’s rainstorm was out of the ordinary for this season.(昨天的暴雨 在这个季节很不寻常。); In the ordinary way, we have four classes in the morning.(按常规,我们上 午有四节课。) 知识点26:value相关词性与用法 • valued(adj. 受重视的)、valuable(adj. 有价值的)、invaluable(adj. 极 其宝贵的)、valueless(adj. 无价值的) 例子:Her advice is very valuable for my study.(她的建议对我的学习很有价 值。); The friendship between us is invaluable.(我们之间的友谊极其宝贵。); This old paper is valueless, so you can throw it away.(这张旧纸没价值,你 可以扔掉。) 知识点27:success相关词性与用法• success(n. 成功)、successful(adj. 有成效的)、successfully(adv. 成功 地);反义词:fail(v. 失败) • 常用搭配:succeed in (doing) sth. = be successful in (doing) sth.(成功做 某事) 例子:His hard work led to his success in the exam.(他的努力让他考试取得 了成功。); She succeeded in finishing the painting on time.(她成功按时完成了这幅 画。); They completed the task successfully.(他们成功完成了任务。) 知识点28:be worth的用法 1. be worth + 名词/代词:“值得(某事物/价值)” 2. be worth + 动名词(doing):“值得做某事”,主动形式表被动含义(不 用being done);若动名词是不及物动词,需加介词再接宾语 3. make + 宾语 + worth + 名词/it:“使……值得……” 例子:This storybook is worth 30 yuan.(这本故事书值30元。); This song is worth listening to again.(这首歌值得再听一遍。); Helping my classmates makes my time worth it.(帮助同学让我的时间变得值 得。) 知识点29:good qualities/personal qualities的用法 • good qualities(良好的素质)、 personal qualities(个人品质) 例子:Honesty is one of the good qualities everyone should have.(诚实是每 个人都该有的良好素质之一。); Being optimistic is her best personal quality.(乐观是她最好的个人品质。) 知识点30:be willing to do sth.的用法 • 含义:be willing to do sth.(愿意做某事)、 be not willing to do sth.(不愿意做某事) 例子:She is willing to help anyone in need.(她愿意帮助任何有需要的 人。); He is not willing to be late for class.(他不愿意上课迟到。) 知识点31:advertise相关词性与用法 • advertise(v. 宣传;为……做广告)、advertisement(n. 广告) 例子:The shop advertised its new products on TV.(这家商店在电视上宣传 新产品。); I saw an advertisement for a new toy in the magazine.(我在杂志上看到一则 新玩具的广告。) 知识点32:supply的两种搭配 • 用法:supply sb. with sth.(给某人提供某物)、 supply sth. to sb.(把某物提供给某人)例子:The farm supplies the supermarket with fresh vegetables.(农场给超市 提供新鲜蔬菜。); The company supplies stationery to our school.(这家公司给我们学校提供文 具。) 单元短语 1. Making a Difference:有所作为; 两段对话 产生影响 24. answer the questions:回答问题 2. talk about different ways of 25. inspired Robert to volunteer:激 helping others:谈论帮助他人的不同 励罗伯特去做志愿 方式 26. How long has Rose been a 3. express duration using the present volunteer:罗丝做志愿者多久了 perfect tense with since and for:用 27. volunteer work at an animal 现在完成时和 since、for 表达持续时 shelter:动物收容所的志愿工作 间 28. look after the new dogs:照顾新 4. identify the features of a 来的狗 speech:识别演讲的特点 29. have an interview with:与…… 5. explore the benefits of volunteer 进行面试/采访 work and the meaning of helping 30. used to have a dog:过去养过 others:探索志愿工作的好处和帮助 一只狗 他人的意义 31. every animal is special:每只动 6. What can we do to help?:我们 物都很特别 能做些什么来帮忙? 32. needs love:需要爱 7. clean up:打扫干净 33. offer to volunteer:主动提出做 8. guide visitors:引导游客 志愿 9. visit the elderly:探望老人 34. volunteer every weekend:每周 10. give directions:指路 周末做志愿 11. plant trees:植树 35. plans for the summer holidays: 12. sort waste:垃圾分类 暑假计划 13. pick up:捡起 36. do some volunteer work at a 14. in an animal shelter:在动物收 nursing home:在养老院做一些志愿 容所 工作 15. feed animals:喂养动物 37. with my youth group:和我的青 16. find owners of lost pets:寻找走 年小组一起 失宠物的主人 38. been a volunteer there since last 17. provide information about year:从去年起就在那里做志愿者 animals:提供关于动物的信息 39. exercise with the elderly:和老 18. clean cages:打扫笼子 人一起锻炼 19. train animals:训练动物 40. help them stay active:帮助他们 20. collect donations:募集捐赠 保持活跃 21. take care of sick animals:照顾 41. play Chinese chess with them: 生病的动物 和他们下中国象棋 22. walk dogs:遛狗 42. teach some of them how to use 23. Listen to two conversations:听 a mobile phone:教他们中的一些人如何使用手机 72. sign a football:在足球上签名 43. care for the elderly:照顾老人 73. a fan from a different country: 44. interesting life stories:有趣的人 来自不同国家的粉丝 生故事 74. interview your groupmates:采访 45. experiences to share with us:可 你的组员 以和我们分享的经历 75. have your favourite toy:拥有你 46. join your group of volunteers: 最喜欢的玩具 加入你们的志愿者小组 76. live in this town:住在这个城镇 47. come along:一起来 77. live in your neighbourhood:住 48. pick up litter:捡垃圾 在你的社区 49. sweep leaves:扫树叶 78. thank you for inviting me:感谢 50. read to kids:给孩子读书 你们邀请我 51. talk with patients:和病人交谈 79. speak to you about:和你们谈谈 52. serve in the army:参军 关于 53. United Nations Peacekeeping:联 80. begin with my own story:以我 合国维和部队 的亲身经历开始 54. a member of the Red Cross:红 81. Back in 2008:回到2008年 十字会的一员 82. hiking in the mountains:在山里 55. join the organization:加入这个 徒步 组织 83. with some friends:和一些朋友 56. teach in a primary school:在小 一起 学教书 84. fell and got a bad head injury: 57. as a volunteer:作为志愿者 摔倒了,头部受了重伤 58. start working there:开始在那里 85. find help quickly:迅速寻求帮助 工作 86. call an emergency number:拨打 59. offer classes:提供课程 紧急电话 60. love being a volunteer:喜欢做 87. It was already dark:天已经黑了 志愿者 88. couldn't even see:甚至都看不见 61. work with a sports 89. after some time:过了一会儿 organization:和体育组织合作 90. heard dogs barking:听到狗叫 62. help out at sports events:在体 91. the voices of:……的声音 育赛事中帮忙 92. nearly started crying:差点哭了 63. make new friends:交新朋友 出来 64. famous athletes:著名运动员 93. so thankful that:非常感激…… 65. national football players:国家足 94. never forgotten that day:从未 球队队员 忘记那一天 66. from Argentina:来自阿根廷 95. Since then:从那以后 67. a charity match:慈善比赛 96. wanted to help others:想要帮 68. get lost:迷路 助别人 69. give sb. directions:给某人指路 97. signed up with:报名加入 70. thank sb. warmly:热情地感谢某 98. been to schools and other 人 communities:去过学校和其他社区 71. ask sb. to do sth.:让某人做某 99. teach sb. how to stay safe:教 事 某人如何保持安全100. prepare for the worst:为最坏 切 的情况做准备 125. join us as a volunteer:作为志 101. rescued people during 愿者加入我们 emergencies:在紧急情况下救人 126. write the correct words in the 102. provided medical aid:提供医疗 puzzle:在字谜中填写正确的单词 援助 127. with the help of the clues:在 103. searched for missing people: 线索的帮助下 搜寻失踪人员 128. complete the sentences with 104. after natural disasters:在自然 the words in brackets:用括号里的 灾害之后 单词完成句子 105. like the 2013 earthquake in 129. search the neighbourhood for: Ya'an:比如2013年雅安地震 在社区里搜寻 106. the typhoon in the 130. achieve success:取得成功 Philippines:菲律宾的台风 131. have a medical examination:进 107. in the same year:同年 行体检 108. places as far away as Türkiye: 132. help out one's community:帮 远至土耳其的地方 助自己的社区 109. Working as a volunteer:作为 133. a local charity organization:当 志愿者工作 地的慈善组织 110. practical life-saving skills:实用 134. provide aid to people in 的救生技能 need:为有需要的人提供援助 111. the power of teamwork:团队 135. clean up the kitchen:打扫厨房 合作的力量 136. hand out hot meals:分发热餐 112. the key to successful rescues: 137. be worth the effort:值得付出 成功救援的关键 努力 113. Most of all:最重要的是 138. donate pocket money to the 114. the value of every life:每个生 organization:把零花钱捐给这个组织 命的价值 139. buy food for special festivals: 115. go without food or sleep:没吃 为特殊节日购买食物 没睡 140. Read the advertisement and 116. our goal has always been to: label each part with the main 我们的目标一直是 topic:阅读广告并给每个部分标注主 117. save as many people as we 题 can:尽我们所能拯救更多的人 141. make a difference in someone's 118. an ordinary person:一个普通 life:改变某人的生活 人 142. Join us to be a friend to our 119. rush into danger:冲进危险之 international students:加入我们,成 中 为国际学生的朋友 120. just like:就像 143. Your tasks as a volunteer:你作 121. loved ones:亲人;挚爱之人 为志愿者的任务 122. make everything we do worth 144. Take the students on a tour of it:让我们所做的一切都值得 your hometown:带学生游览你的家 123. do even more:做得更多 乡 124. do it all alone:独自完成这一 145. useful Chinese expressions fordaily use:日常实用的中文表达 interested in:选择其他你感兴趣的事 146. Introduce Chinese culture to 情 them:向他们介绍中国文化 156. help people in hospitals:帮助 147. be willing to volunteer to help 医院里的人 others:愿意做志愿帮助他人 157. Volunteer at our neighbourhood 148. be familiar with the arts:熟悉 sports club:在我们社区的体育俱乐 艺术 部做志愿 149. speak good English:英语说得 158. teach children about different 好 sports:教孩子不同的运动 150. be good at expressing 159. encourage them to exercise:鼓 yourself:善于表达自己 励他们锻炼 151. drop us an email:给我们发邮 160. organize weekly activities:组织 件 每周活动 152. know more about you:更了解 161. help to teach children how to 你 play different sports:帮助教孩子如 153. your skills and talents:你的技 何进行不同的运动 能和天赋 162. be good at sport:擅长运动 154. your experience as a youth 163. teach children to do sport volunteer:你作为青年志愿者的经历 before:以前教过孩子做运动 155. choose something else you are 语法点 1:“数词+连字符+名词(单数)+连字符+形容词”构成的 复合形容词 该结构专门构成复合形容词,核心功能是修饰名词,主要用于说明人的“年龄 特征”。 例子:Harry is a 12-year-old boy.(12-year-old是复合形容词,修饰名词boy, 说明Harry的年龄特征为12岁);My cousin is an 8-year-old student.(8-year- old修饰student,说明表妹8岁的年龄特点)。 语法点2:elderly的用法 1. 作形容词(adj.) 含义为“年老的、上了年纪的”,用法灵活,常作定语(直接修饰名词),也 可作表语(跟在be动词后面)。 • 作定语例子:She volunteers to help elderly neighbors every weekend. (elderly修饰名词neighbors,意为“上了年纪的邻居”) • 作表语例子:The grandma living next door is elderly but very energetic. (elderly跟在be动词is后作表语,意为“年老的”) 2. 作名词(n.) 含义为“老年人”,特指这一群体,常用固定结构 the elderly(“the + 形容 词”表一类人),注意不可加s,也不能用a/an修饰。 例子:Our community organizes activities for the elderly every month.(the elderly指代“老年人”群体,无复数形式,不用an修饰); We should offer seats to the elderly on the bus.语法点3:other/others/the other/the others/another的用法 1. other • 词性:形容词 • 搭配要求:后面必须接名词(可接单数或复数) • 指代特点:泛指“其他的”,无明确范围限制 例子:I need to buy other notebooks for school.(接名词复数notebooks,泛 指“其他的笔记本”); Do you have other ideas about the trip?(接名词单数ideas,泛指“其他的想 法”) 2. others • 词性:代词 • 搭配要求:后面不接名词 • 指代特点:泛指“其他部分/其他人”,相当于“other + 名词复数” 例子:Some students are cleaning the classroom, others are watering the flowers.(others不接名词,指代“其他学生”,相当于other students) 3. the other • 词性:可作形容词或代词 • 搭配要求:作形容词时接名词,作代词时单独使用 • 指代特点:特指(有明确范围),常表示“两者中的另一个” 例子:I have two pencils, one is black, the other is yellow.(作代词,特指两 者中的“另一个铅笔”); Give the cake to the other child in the room.(作形容词,接名词child,特指 房间里“另一个孩子”) 4. the others • 词性:代词 • 搭配要求:后面不接名词 • 指代特点:特指“剩余全部”,相当于“the other + 名词复数” 例子:There are 30 students in our class, 10 are boys, the others are girls. (the others指代“剩余的全部学生”,相当于the other students) 5. another • 词性:可作形容词或代词 • 搭配要求:作形容词时接名词单数,作代词时单独使用 • 指代特点:泛指“三者或三者以上的另一个/再一个” 例子:Can you pass me another pen?(作形容词,接名词单数pen,泛指“再 一支笔”); This story is interesting, please tell me another.(作代词,泛指“另一个故 事”) 语法点4:elderly与elder的核心区别 两者均有形容词(adj.)和名词(n.)词性,但核心用法差异明显: • elderly:语气礼貌且正式,作形容词时表“年老的”,可修饰人;作名词时 用“the elderly”表“老年人”群体。 例子:Elderly citizens can get free tickets here.(形容词,礼貌表“年老的市民”); The elderly enjoy morning exercises in the park.(名词,表“老年人”群体) • elder:语气通用且偏口语,作形容词时仅用于比较,表“年长的”(常指家 人,如兄弟姐妹),不修饰物;作名词时可指“年长的人”。 例子:My elder brother studies in a university.(形容词,指“年长的哥哥” 家人范畴); We should learn from the elder in the village.(名词,指“村里的长辈”) 语法点 5 不同词性(形容词、名词、动词)在句子中承担的成分 (定语、谓语、宾语、主语) 一、主语:句子的“陈述对象”(谁/什么) • 名词作主语(初中核心):直接充当陈述对象 例:The book is interesting.(book是名词,作主语,表“陈述的对象是书”) • 动词的动名词(v.-ing)作主语(初中拓展):表“动作本身” 例:Reading is good for us.(reading是动词read的动名词,作主语,表“阅 读这个动作”) 二、谓语:句子的“动作/状态”(做什么/是什么) 只能由动词担任(初中核心考点),分两类: 1. 实义动词作谓语(表具体动作) 例:He runs every day.(runs是实义动词,作谓语,表“跑步”的动作) 2. 系动词作谓语(表状态/特征)+ 表语 例:She is happy.(is是系动词,作谓语;happy是表语,表“状态”) 三、宾语:动作的“对象/承受者”(动作作用于谁/什么) • 名词作宾语(初中核心):作动词的动作对象 例:I like music.(music是名词,作like的宾语,表“喜欢的对象是音乐”) • 动词的非谓语形式(不定式/动名词)作宾语(初中拓展): 例:She wants to read.(to read是动词read的不定式,作want的宾语); He enjoys swimming.(swimming是动名词,作enjoy的宾语) 四、定语:修饰“名词/代词”的成分(什么样的) • 形容词作定语(初中核心):放在名词前,说明名词的“特征/状态” 例:a beautiful flower(beautiful是形容词,修饰flower,表“漂亮的花”) • 名词作定语(初中常考):放在名词前,说明名词的“属性/用途” 例:a school bag(school是名词,修饰bag,表“学校用的包”) • 动词的分词(现在分词/过去分词)作定语(初中高频): 例:a missing child(missing是现在分词,作定语,表“失踪的孩子”); the broken cup(broken是过去分词,作定语,表“破碎的杯子”) 语法点6 一、核心用法:since(接“时间点”,表“从该点开始持续到现在”) “时间点”指过去某个具体的时刻、事件或句子,翻译为“自从……以来”。 1. 接具体时间点(年/月/日/时分/) ○ He has lived here since 2018.(自从2018年以来,他一直住在这里。) ○ We have known each other since last Monday.(自从上周以来,我们就认识了。) 2. 接“过去时间的事件”(名词短语) ○ She hasn’t eaten anything since breakfast.(自从早餐后,她就没吃过东 西。) ○ They have been busy since the meeting.(自从会议开始后,他们就一直很 忙。) 3. 接“一般过去时的从句”(表过去某个动作发生时) ○ He has improved his English since he started studying with a tutor. (自从他跟家教学习后,英语就一直在进步。) 二、核心用法:for(接“时间段”,表“动作持续了多久”) “时间段”指具体的时长(几天/几小时/几年等),翻译为“持续了……”。 • 接“数字+时间单位”(天/周/月/年/小时等),时间单位可省略(口语中常 见)。 ○ We have studied this subject for three months.(我们学习这门课已经3个 月了。) 三、关键易考点(必记) 1. “since+时间段+ago”的特殊结构:相当于“for+时间段”,需注意“ago” 体现过去时间点。 ○ He has lived here since three years ago. = He has lived here for three years.(他在这里住了3年了。)