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【赢在高考·黄金8卷】备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（全国卷）
黄金卷01
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡
皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每
段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．How does the woman sound in the end?
A．Pleased. B．Surprised. C．Grateful.
【答案】B
【原文】M: I’m looking forward to the art show this weekend. Vincent van Gogh’s The Starry Night is truly a
beautiful art piece.
W: Oh, I never thought you have such good taste in art.
2．What is the woman doing?
A．Doing some shopping. B．Sending a letter. C．Asking the way.
【答案】C
【原文】W: Excuse me. Do you know where the nearest drugstore is?
M: Go straight. Turn left at the first traffic light, walk two blocks, and then turn right. It is next to the supermarket
and across from the post office.
W: Thanks a lot. I got it.
3．What are the speakers?
A．Students. B．Teachers. C．Officials.
【答案】A
【原文】W: I hope we get a typhoon day this Friday.
M: Me, too. It would be nice to get an extra day off. Our teachers are giving far too much homework!
W: The government will make an announcement at 10 p. m. Make sure to watch that.4．Where are probably the speakers?
A．In a pet shop. B．In a restaurant. C．In a grocery store.
【答案】B
【原文】W: Excuse me. May I have the bill, please?
M: OK. It’s 120 yuan in total.
W: All right. Can you give me two doggy bags? I want to pack the leftovers.
M: Sure. No problem. Here you are.
5．Who is reading?
A．Kate. B．John. C．Lily.
【答案】C
【原文】W: Hello, John. Do you know where Lily and Kate are? I have been looking for them all day.
M: They are in the classroom now. Lily is reading and Kate is writing.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳
选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的
作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答6~7小题。
6．What is the man?
A．A doctor. B．A salesman. C．A chemist.
7．What is said about the medicine?
A．It has side effects. B．It may cause discomfort. C．It should be taken before meals.
【答案】6．C 7．B
【原文】M: Hello, may I help you?
W: Yes. My doctor said I should take this medicine. Can you fill the prescription （处方）?
M: Oh, yes. No problem.
W: Does this medicine have any side effects?
M: No side effects. Your doctor states to simply take it before you go to sleep. However, if you feel bad in the
morning, call your doctor right away, and finally don’t drink any alcohol while you’re taking this medicine.
听下面一段较长对话，回答8~9小题。
8．What is the woman going to do on Saturday afternoon?
A．Go to a festival. B．Take a part-time job. C．Meet her friends.9．Where are the speakers probably now?
A．In a factory. B．In a grocery. C．In a supermarket.
【答案】8．B 9．A
【原文】M: Hi, Mary. Are you going to the culture festival on Saturday?
W: No, I can’t. I have a part-time job in the afternoon. How about you?
M: I can’t, either. I work part-time, too.
W: That sounds tiring. What do you usually do on Saturday nights?
M: Uh, I usually meet my friends who work in a company. What about you?
W: I’m usually pretty tired after working in this factory.
M: So what do you do after you finish work here?
W: I just relax at home in the evening. I get up early on Sundays, do the cleaning and go to a supermarket.
听下面一段较长对话，回答10~12小题。
10．How long did the woman work in the travel agency?
A．A few days. B．Several months. C．One year.
11．Why did Joe go to Canada?
A．To find a job. B．To visit his friends. C．To spend his holidays.
12．What can we learn from the conversation?
A．The man is leaving for Canada, too.
B．Neither of them has seen Joe for a long time.
C．The man has been in touch with Joe.
【答案】10．B 11．A 12．B
【原文】M: Are you working at the moment? When I last spoke to you, you were working in a travel agency.
W: That’s right. Unfortunately, the firm went out of business a couple of months after I started work there, so I lost
my job.
M: And you haven’t had a job since then?
W: Not a permanent job. I’ve had a few temporary jobs. By the way, have you seen Joe recently?
M: Joe? He’s in Canada.
W: Really? How long has he been in Canada?
M: About a year now. I saw him a few days before he went. He had been unemployed for months, so he decided to
try his luck somewhere else. He was really looking forward to going.
W: So, what is he doing there?
M: I’ve no idea. I haven’t heard from him since he left. Anyway, I must go and catch my train. It is really nice tosee you again.
W: Me, too. Bye. Have a good journey.
听下面一段较长对话，回答13~16小题。
13．What will the man do first?
A．Set the table. B．Turn off the TV. C．Wait for Jimmy.
14．What is the relationship between the speakers?
A．Mother and son. B．Teacher and student. C．Husband and wife.
15．What does the man think of the dinner?
A．Delicious. B．Unhealthy. C．Unsatisfying.
16．What will the man do in the evening?
A．Prepare a meal. B．Go out for a walk. C．Do his homework.
【答案】13．B 14．A 15．C 16．C
【原文】W: Kris, can you set the table for me?
M: Just a minute, Mom. I’m watching TV.
W: Turn off the TV and do it now. I don’t want to have to ask you a second time.
M: Fine, Mom. I’m coming. Where’s Jimmy?
W: I guess he’s still at the gym. He is supposed to be home by now.
M: Oh. What’s for dinner?
W: Noodles, cheese and vegetables.
M: Not again. We always have that.
W: Don’t say that. You should be thankful that we have food to eat.
M: Can’t I have something else?
W: No, you can’t. I just got home from work at 7:00 and have spent an hour making this meal for you. Now, you’re
going to eat it.
M: Fine, I will. And then I’ll have to do my homework.
听下面一段独白，回答17~20小题。
17．Who is the speaker most likely talking to?
A．New employees. B．Patients. C．Tourists.
18．Where is the health center?
A．On Tye Road.
B．Next to a small garden.
C．In the main building.19．What does the speaker say about the swimming pool?
A．It’s free of charge.
B．It’s open all day long.
C．It’s in the leisure center.
20．Why does the speaker recommend Jenny’s Restaurant?
A．It saves time.
B．Its service is quite good.
C．It has good and cheap food.
【答案】17．A 18．B 19．B 20．C
【原文】 W: Now, as you’re new, I’m just going to show you a map of the hospital and point out a few key
places. At the moment, we’re in the main building, that’s there...and if you go out of the main entrance and just
along the main road to the east, you’ll find the staff leisure center. There’s a range of things that you can do here to
help you relax. If you get ill, we do have a health center for all employees, and this is directly behind the main
hospital building. And there is a small garden next to it. Many of you might like to go to the 24-hour swimming
pool. They’re very close by, and it doesn’t cost much money to get in. If you walk out of the main building, there’s
a road straight ahead of you. Go down that and turn left into Tye Road—you’ll see the pool entrance at the end of
that road. Finally, if you want a healthy meal and you have very little time to get it, of course there’s always the
dining hall inside the main building. But I would recommend a place called Jenny’s Restaurant which is near the
main building. You can get a number of excellent dishes here at a reasonable price. Well, I think that’s all. Thank
you.
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(共15小题:每小题2分, 满分30分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Europe is one of the best travelling options for everyone. It’s rich in culture, and every country is distinct in
beauty. Plus, the cuisine is not to be missed. Here are the best four European cities to travel to!
Vienna
The capital of Austria, Vienna, is the largest city in the country, and it’s also a cultural, economic and political
center. It is known as the city of music and the city of dreams, being an important place for Beethoven and
Sigmund Freud. It’s also considered one of the cities in the world which is suitable for living and where the quality
of life is high.Berlin
Berlin is the capital of Germany and is the place of culture, politics, media and science. It holds a strong
history, and you can learn many things about the city’s contributions to the whole world. Travelling to Berlin is
quite easy, given that it’s an accessible city and you have plenty of affordable options such as trains, trams, buses
and the metro.
Copenhagen
Copenhagen is the capital city of Denmark and is known to be one of the most sustainable cities in the world.
It’s full of Michelin-starred restaurants, has plenty of museums and holds the Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is
the largest fashion event in Northern Europe.
Amsterdam
The capital of the Netherlands, Amsterdam, is known for the number of canals that are part of the UNESCO
World Heritage Site. These are also the main attraction of the city, but that’s not all. The good thing about
Amsterdam is that you can visit it by bike, as it has one of the best networks of cycle routes in the world.
21．Which is not a reason for traveling to Europe?
A．Yummy food. B．Natural scenery. C．Adequate culture. D．Good transportation.
22．If you are a fashionable icon, which city will you choose to visit?
A．Vienna. B．Berlin. C．Copenhagen. D．Amsterdam.
23．Which statement is true according to the passage?
A．Vienna wins a reputation for being livable.
B．Berlin is less influential compared to others.
C．Copenhagen is modern but not eco-friendly.
D．Transportation can be an issue in Amsterdam.
【答案】21．D 22．C 23．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。欧洲是每个人最好的旅行选择之一。本文主要介绍了四个适合旅游的欧洲城
市。
21．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Europe is one of the best travelling options for everyone. It’s rich in culture,
and every country is distinct in beauty. Plus, the cuisine is not to be missed. (欧洲是每个人最好的旅游选择之
一。它有丰富的文化，每个国家都有独特的美。此外，美食是不容错过的。)”可知，美食，自然风光和丰
富的文化是去欧洲旅游的原因。D项“便利的交通”文章没有提及。故选D。
22．细节理解题。根据Copenhagen中的介绍“It’s full of Michelin-starred restaurants, has plenty of museums
and holds the Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is the largest fashion event in Northern Europe. (这里到处都是米其林星级餐厅，有很多博物馆，还举办了哥本哈根时装周，这是北欧最大的时尚活动。)”可知，如果你是
时尚达人，你会选择去哥本哈根。故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据Vienna中的介绍“It’s also considered one of the cities in the world which is suitable for
living and where the quality of life is high. (它也被认为是世界上最适合居住的城市之一，生活质量很高)”可
知，维也纳赢得了宜居的美誉。故选A。
B
Looking back, Geoff Banks of Devon, England can hardly even remember how he first started writing to his
American friend, Celesta Byrne.
Geoff and Celesta were given each other's names and addresses as part of a school pen pal program back in
1938. They're both now 100 years old, and a lot has changed in the past 84 years: their age changed: their
appearance changed; but one thing has not—they still use the traditional way to contact.
“I honestly struggle to remember something, but I was talking to Celesta recently and I think it was something
to do with an American school's scheme, Geoff said.” They matched us up with Americans for a pen pal
relationship, and somehow I ended up with this letter from an American girl, and we've just kept corresponding
（通信）ever since. "
Geoff and Celesta's relationship never turned romantic, but they shared a lot over the decades. They kept up
their correspondence through World War II, sending updates about their families, friends, and work. In 2002, they
finally got a chance to meet in person during a trip to New York City. Two years later, they met up again, but ever
since then they've gone back to pen and paper.
Recently, they've switched to digital forms of communication to stay in touch, something that's easier has been
easier on their eyes and hands. Their children have helped them set up email accounts.
“I've known this new thing called Zoom, I think, now to chat with her, but I leave all the technology to
younger people. Deep down, I refuse to use Zoom. Writing to Celesta has been a source of great satisfaction'for me
over the years,” said Geoff.
Celesta says their relationship is “like people who live next door”. “You know how they're doing, you say a
few words, and then you both go to work,” she explained. “She's always been there to write to, even if it was just
birthday cards and Christmas cards,” Geoff added.
24．What do Geoff and Celesta insist on doing over the 80 years?
A．Enjoying telling jokes. B．Writing to each other.
C．Creating a program. D．Keeping a secret.
25．What do Geoff Banks' words in Paragraph 3 tell us?A．How they got in touch. B．Why they liked writing.
C．What they both liked to do. D．When they ran a scheme.
26．What is Geoff's attitude towards using Zoom to stay in touch?
A．Supportive. B．Unclear. C．Doubtful. D．Disapproving.
27．What is the purpose of this text?
A．To introduce a way to make friends. B．To teach us skills of writing letters.
C．To tell us a tale of lifelong friends. D．To stress the power of technology.
【答案】24．B 25．A 26．D 27．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了两位百岁老人彼此写信保持终生友谊的故事。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段中“They're both now 100 years old, and a lot has changed in the past 84 years:
their age changed: their appearance changed; but one thing has not—— they still use the traditional way to contact.
（他们的年龄变了，外表变了：但有一件事没有改变——他们仍然使用传统的联系方式。）可知，80多年
来，他们一直坚持彼此写信联系。故选B项。
25．主旨大意题。根据第三段““I honestly struggle to remember something, but I was talking to Celesta
recently and I think it was something to do with an American school's scheme, Geoff said.” They matched us up
with Americans for a pen pal relationship, and somehow I ended up with this letter from an American girl, and
we've just kept corresponding（通信）ever since. ””（杰夫说：“老实说，我很难记起一些事情，但我最近和
塞莱斯塔聊了聊，我想这可能与一家美国学校的计划有关。”他们给我们介绍了一些美国人成为笔友，不
知怎么的，我收到了一封来自一个美国女孩的信，从那以后我们就一直保持通信。”）可知，Geoff Banks
讲述了他们之间是如何开始保持联系的。故选A项。
26．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Deep down, I refuse to use Zoom.”（内心深处，我拒绝使用
Zoom）可知，Geoff不喜欢使用Zoom。故选D项。
27．推理判断题。根据第一段“Looking back, Geoff Banks of Devon, England can hardly even remember how
he first started writing to his American friend, Celesta Byrne.”（回想起来，英格兰德文郡的杰夫·班克斯甚至不
记得他是如何开始给他的美国朋友塞莱斯塔·伯恩写信的。）以及下文的具体叙述可知，文章主要讲述了两
位百岁老人彼此写信保持终生友谊的故事。故选C项。
C
People were already known to consume microplastics via food and water as well as breathing them in. In a
new study, scientists analyzed blood samples from 22 healthy donators and found microplastics in 17. Half the
samples contained PET plastic, which is commonly used in drinks bottles, while a third contained polystyrene,
which is used for packaging food and other products. A quarter of the blood samples containcd polyethylene, fromwhich plastic carrier bags are made.
“Previous work had shown that microplastics were 10 times higher in the faeces (粪便) of babies compared
with adults and that babies fed with plastic bottles are swallowing millions of microplastic particles (微粒) a day.
We also know in general that babies are more sensitive to chemical and particle exposure,” said Prof Dick Vethaak,
a scientist at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.“That worries me a lot.”
The new research adapted existing techniques to detect and analyze particles as small as 0.0007mm. Some of
the blood samples contained two or three types of plastic. The team used steel syrınge needles and glass tubes to
avoid pollution and tested for background levels of microplastics using blank samples.
Vethaak acknowledged that the amount and type of plastic varied considerably between the blood
samples.“But this is a pioneering study,”he said, with more work now necded. He said the differences might reflect
short-term exposure before the blood samples were taken, such as drinking from a plastic-lined coffee cup or
wearing a plastic face mask.
A recent study found that microplastics can attach to the outer membranes(膜) of red blood cells and may limit
their ability to transport oxygen. The particles have also been found in the placentas of pregnant women.
“Arc the particles preserved in the body? Are they transported to certain organs? And are these levels
sufficiently high to cause disease?” Vethaak said.“More detailed research on how microplastics affect the structures
and processes of the human body, and whether and how they can transform cells and how they may cause cancer, is
urgently needed. The problem is becoming more urgent each day,”Vethaak added.
28．What does the new study in Paragraph I show?
A．Microplastic pollution is harmful to human health.
B．Microplastics have been detected in human blood.
C．Drinks bottles contain more microplastics than plastic carrier bags.
D．Food packagıng is the main source of microplastics in the human body.
29．What does the underlined word“That”in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The mass production of plastic bottles.
B．The impact of microplastics on babies.
C．The undeveloped digestive system of babies.
D．The increasing amount of chemicals in food.
30．What might cause microplastics to vary between blood samples?
A．Diverse sampling time.
B．Pollution of blood samples.C．Different physical conditions of donators.
D．Short-term exposure to plastics before sampling.
31．Which is the best title of the passage?
A．Studies of Plastic Products.
B．The Expectation of Microplastics.
C．Pioneering Studies of Microplastic Particles.
D．Studies of Microplastics into Human Body.
【答案】28．B 29．B 30．D 31．D
【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍研究发现人类血中存在微塑料。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段中“ In a new study, scientists analyzed blood samples from 22 healthy donators
and found microplastics in 17. (在一项新的研究中，科学家分析了22名健献血者的血液样本，并在17名献
血者中发现微塑料)”可知，微塑料已经在人类血液中被测到。故选B项。
29．词句猜测题。根据第二段中that的上文“babies fed with plastic bottles are swallowing millions of
microplastic particles (微粒) a day. We also know in general that babies are more sensitive to chemical and particle
exposure (用塑料瓶喂养的婴儿每天吞食数以百万计的塑料微粒。我们也知道，一般来说，婴儿对化学物质
和颗粒更敏感)”可知，that指代文提到的“微塑料对婴儿的影响”，即微塑料婴儿的影响让Prof Dick
Vethaak担忧。故选B项。
30．细节理解题。根据第四段中“He said the differences might reflect short-term exposure before the blood
samples were taken, such as drinking from a plastic-lined coffee cup or wearing a plastic face mask. (他说，这些
差异可能反映了在采集血液样本之前的短期接触，比如用塑料内衬的咖啡杯喝水或戴塑料口罩。)”可知，
导致微塑料在血液样本之间的变化能是采样前短期接触塑料造成的。故选D
31．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In a new study, scientists analyzed blood samples from 22 healthy donators and
found microplastics in 17. Half the samples contained PET plastic, which is commonly used in drinks bottles, while
a third contained polystyrene, which is used for packaging food and other products. A quarter of the blood samples
containcd polyethylene, from which plastic carrier bags are made.(在一项新的研究中，科学家分析了22名健康
献血者的血液样本，在17名中发现了微塑料。一半的样品含有PET塑料，这种塑料通常用于饮料瓶，而
三分之一的样品含有聚苯乙烯，这种塑料用于包装食品和其他产品。四分之一的血液样本含有聚乙烯，塑
料袋就是用这种材料制成的。)”可知，本段引出文章的主题，即微塑料进入人体的研究，接着文章详述了
研究的过程和方向，故D选项符合题意。故选D。
D
After losing an important deal in India, a business negotiator learned that her counterpart (对方) felt as if shehad been rushing through the talks. The business negotiator thought she was being efficient with their time. Their
cultures have different views on how to conduct negotiations, and in this case, the barrier prevented a successful
outcome.
Research shows that deal-making across cultures tends to lead to worse outcomes as compared with
negotiations conducted within the same culture. As we know, cultures are characterized by different behaviors,
communication styles and norms (准则). Consequently, when negotiating across cultures, we bring different views
to the bargaining table, which in turn may result in potential misunderstandings that can lead to a lower likelihood
of discovering value-creating solutions.
Cultural conflict in negotiations is linked with the fact that we, at most times, interpret others’ behaviors,
values, and beliefs through the lens (透镜) of our own culture. To overcome this, it is important to rescarch the
customs and behaviors of different cultures as well as understand why people follow these customs and exhibit
these behaviors in the first place.
Just as important, not only do countries have unique cultures, but teams and organizations do too. Before
partaking in any negotiation, take the time to study the context and the person on the other side of the bargaining
table, including the various cultures to which he belongs, whether the culture of his culture, the culture of
engineering, or his particular company’s corporate culture. The more you know about the client, the better off
you’ll do in any negotiation.
Therefore, we see the negotiator has learned her Indian counterpart would have appreciated a slower pace with
more opportunities for relationship building. She seems to have run into the issue: Using time efficiently in the
course of negotiations is generally valued in the United States, but in India, there’s often a greater focus on building
relationships early in the process. By doing research on the clients’ cultures, they can adjust their negotiation
method and give themselves a better chance of creating a valuable negotiation experience for both themselves and
their counterpart.
32．What resulted in the business woman’s failure in her negotiation in India?
A．Her slow work style. B．Their personal conflicts of interests.
C．Her poor communication capacity. D．The differences between their cultures.
33．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The analyses about the findings of the research. B．The deep reasons for failed cross-culture
negotiations.
C．The common misunderstandings in negotiations. D．The causes of conflicts between negotiators’ views.34．What does the author mainly want to say in Paragraph 4?
A．Rescearch is necessary before negotiating.
B．People should respect cultural differences.
C．Meeting cultural differences is fairly common.
D．Cross-culture conflicts result from ignorance.
35．What is the function of the last paragraph?
A．To come up with a new conclusion. B．To recommend a negotiation method.
C．To summarize the above paragraphs. D．To share different opinions on the example.
【答案】32．D 33．B 34．A 35．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何通过了解不同的文化来应对文化冲突，从而在跨文化谈
判中达成合作。
32.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Their cultures have different views on how to conduct negotiations, and in
this case, the barrier prevented a successful outcome. (他们的文化对如何进行谈判有不同的看法，在这种情况
下，这种障碍阻碍了成功的结果)”可知，双方的文化差异导致了生意谈判失败。故选D项。
33．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“As we know, cultures are characterized by different behaviors,
communication styles and norms (准则). Consequently, when negotiating across cultures, we bring different views
to the bargaining table, which in turn may result in potential misunderstandings that can lead to a lower likelihood
of discovering value-creating solutions. (正如我们所知，文化以不同的行为、沟通方式和规范为特征。因此，
当跨文化谈判时，我们会把不同的观点带到谈判桌上，这反过来可能会导致潜在的误解，从而降低发现创
造价值的解决方案的可能性)”可知，该段主要分析的是跨文化谈判失败的深层原因，即不同的文化往往有
不同的观点，有可能导致潜在的误解。故选B项。
34．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Before partaking in any negotiation, take the time to study the context and
the person on the other side of the bargaining table, including the various cultures to which he belongs, whether the
culture of his culture, the culture of engineering, or his particular company’s corporate culture. The more you know
about the client, the better off you’ll do in any negotiation. (在参加任何谈判之前，花点时间研究背景和谈判桌
上的对方，包括他所属的各种文化，无论是他的文化、工程文化，还是他所在公司的企业文化。你对客户
了解得越多，你在谈判中就越有利)”可推知，作者在该段想要表达的是在谈判前进行调查研究很有必要，
对对方的文化越了解，越有利于谈判的进行。故选A项。
35．推理判断题。通读全文可知，第一段给出跨文化谈判失败的案例，第二、三、四段从该案例出发，分
析了跨文化谈判往往会失败背后深层次的文化原因，以及解决这种跨文化问题的方法，最后一段回到案例本身，结合上文的原因和方法，给案例中的人提供了具体的建议。由此推知，该段旨在归纳上文。故选C
项。
第二节(共5小题:每小题2分, 满分10分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A 2021 report from Habitat for Humanity International found that SDG 11.1 was actually regressing. We are
seeing stagnation instead of progress toward the goal.
Governments must prioritize adequate housing, especially for those struggling to survive in today’s
overcrowded settlements. 36
Here are three steps that governments — and leaders in both the public and private sectors — can take to
alleviate this growing housing crisis:
1. Prioritize land tenure (占有) security
Ensure residents of informal settlements have secure rights to the land they inhabit.
This has already happened on a large scale in countries such as Honduras, where civil society organizations
and governments came together to form diverse commissions that developed policy recommendations around
housing and land, negotiating approval of the recommendations and then monitoring their implementation. 37
.
2. 38
For residents of Freetown’s informal settlements and countless other cities, traditional avenues of housing
finance are simply not accessible. 39 They exhibit similar characteristics to traditional mortgage loans, but
their smaller size helps make them more accessible to families with lower incomes.
3. Strengthen climate-resilient housing
40 .The public and private sectors can work together to support and invest in community start-ups
specializing in low-cost, climate-resilient homes and locally sourced building materials. For example, an NGO
based in Sierra Leone, Home Leone, has over the past 5 years been developing affordable housing utilizing low-
cost construction techniques, and providing facilities to meet the basic needs of communities and an integrated
approach to housing development for low-income communities.
We must act now to pave a stronger foundation for the more than 10 billion people expected to inhabit our
cities by 2050. This starts with the urgent improvement of housing in rapidly expanding informal settlements
worldwide. This long-overdue investment will more than pay for itself by building more prosperous and equitable
communities for generations to come.
A．Expand finance for housingB．Revolutionize mortgage loans
C．Informal settlements are highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change
D．That means increasing financial commitments by an order of magnitude and making meaningful policy
changes.
E．But the situation has changed a lot.
F．Through their technical assistance, more than 1 million people have improved access to their land rights
G ． Microloans offer hope by providing individuals with the means to access capital for housing
improvements and upgrades.
【答案】36．D 37．F 38．A 39．G 40．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。国际人居中心 2021年的一份报告发现，可持续发展目标 11.1实际上正在倒
退。我们看到的是停滞不前，而不是朝着目标前进。本文针对这一问题提出了几个建议。
36．根据上文“Governments must prioritize adequate housing, especially for those struggling to survive in
today’s overcrowded settlements.(各国政府必须优先考虑足够的住房，尤其是为那些在当今拥挤的定居点中
挣扎求生的人提供足够的住房。)”可知此处上下文说的是政府要提供足够的住房。增加住房就意味着更多
的财政投入，可推理出下文说的是与财政投入的增加有关的话题，与D项“That means increasing financial
commitments by an order of magnitude and making meaningful policy changes.(这意味着将财政承诺增加一个数
量级，并做出有意义的政策改变)”表达的含义一致，故选D项。
37．根据上文“Ensure residents of informal settlements have secure rights to the land they inhabit.(确保非正规
住区的居民对其居住的土地享有安全的权利。)”可知此处上下文说的是与保障居民所居住的土地安全有关
的话题，与F项“Through their technical assistance, more than 1 million people have improved access to their
land rights(通过技术援助，100多万人改善了获得土地权利的机会)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。
38．根据下文“For residents of Freetown’s informal settlements and countless other cities, traditional avenues of
housing finance are simply not accessible.(对于弗里敦非正规定居点和无数其他城市的居民来说，传统的住房
融资渠道根本无法获得。)”可知下文提出了一个需要解决的问题，可推理出下文对这一问题给与扩大住房
融资有关的建议，与A项“Expand finance for housing(扩大住房融资)”表达的含义一致，故选A项。
39．根据下文“They exhibit similar characteristics to traditional mortgage loans, but their smaller size helps
make them more accessible to families with lower incomes.(它们表现出与传统抵押贷款相似的特征，但较小的
规模有助于低收入家庭更容易获得这些贷款。)”可知此处上下文说的是与小额贷款有助于解决问题有关的
话题，与 G 项“Microloans offer hope by providing individuals with the means to access capital for housing
improvements and upgrades.(小额贷款为个人提供了获得住房改善和升级资金的途径，从而带来了希望。)”表达的含义一致，故选G项。
40．根据下文“The public and private sectors can work together to support and invest in community start-ups
specializing in low-cost, climate-resilient homes and locally sourced building materials.(公共和私营部门可以合
作，支持和投资社区初创企业，专门从事低成本、气候适应性强的住房和当地采购的建筑材料。)”可推理
出上文解释了为什么要支持从事气候适应性强的住房的初创企业，与 C项“Informal settlements are highly
vulnerable to the impacts of climate change(非正规住区极易受到气候变化的影响)”表达的含义一致，故选C
项。
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题:每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Are all of your playmates crazy about football in their spare time? If so, how much do you know about
football? Football is, I suppose, the most popular game in England. But one had only to go to one of the important
41 to see how much they know about football. One can see kinds of people there, shouting and 42 for
one side or the other.
One of the most 43 thing about football in England to a stranger is the 44 knowledge of the game
which even the 45 seems to have. He can tell you the names of the players in 46 of the important
teams. He 47 photos of them and knows the result of large numbers of matches. He will tell you 48
he expects will win such and such a match, 49 his opinion is usually as 50 as that of men three or four
times his 51 . All these facts prove that the British are really crazy about football.
Football players are trained at school, which also provides the fans with chances to learn about the special
game. Most schools in England take 52 seriously-much more seriously than nearly all the schools in other
countries, 53 lessons are all important and games are left for one’s own arrangements (安排). In England, it
is believed that 54 is not only a matter of filling a boy’s mind with facts in the 55 ; it also means
character training; and one of the 56 ways of training character is by means of games 57 team games,
where the boy has to learn to 58 with others for his team , instead of working just for himself alone. The
school therefore arranges games and matches for its 59 . Football is a good team game and it is good exercise
for 60 .
41．A．stadiums B．matches C．sports D．sports meets
42．A．fighting B．jumping C．laughing D．cheering
43．A．exciting B．pleasant C．surprising D．disappointing44．A．great B．interesting C．limited D．useless
45．A．smallest boy B．oldest man C．shortest child D．most stupid child
46．A．none B．each C．few D．most
47．A．owns B．takes C．accepts D．gains
48．A．why B．which C．who D．whom
49．A．but B．and C．however D．because
50．A．same B．useless C．many D．valuable
51．A．experience B．height C．age D．size
52．A．matches B．football C．education D．pupils
53．A．where B．there C．their D．because
54．A．learning B．education C．a textbook D．physical education
55．A．school B．lab C．library D．classroom
56．A．quickest B．cheapest C．best D．fastest
57．A．especially B．usually C．seldom D．hardly
58．A．fight B．struggle C．work D．study
59．A．teachers B．pupils C．players D．team
60．A．eyesight B．head C．foot D．Body
【答案】
41.B 42．D 43．C 44．A 45．A 46．D 47．A 48．C 49．B 50．D
51．C 52．B 53．A 54．B 55．D 56．C 57．A 58．C 59．B 60．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述足球是英国最受欢迎的运动，即使最小的孩子也对足球了如指
掌，英国的学校也非常重视足球训练。
41.考查名词和名词短语辨析。句意：但只要去看一场重要的比赛，就能知道他们对足球了解多少。A.
stadiums体育场；B. matches比赛；C. sports运动；D. sports meets运动会。下文“One can see kinds of
people there, shouting and ___2___ for one side or the other.”提到足球比赛上发生的事，故此处指去看一场足
球比赛，故选B。
42.考查动词词义辨析。句意：你可以看到各种各样的人在那里，为一方或另一方呐喊和欢呼。A. fighting
战斗；B. jumping跳跃；C. laughing大笑；D. cheering欢呼。此处和“shouting”并列，结合空后“for one
side or the other”可知，此处指在赛场上为支持的球队呐喊、欢呼，故选D。
43.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于一个陌生人来说，英国足球最令人惊讶的事情之一是，即使是最小的
男孩似乎也对这项运动有着渊博的知识。A. exciting令人激动的；B. pleasant令人愉快的；C. surprising令人惊讶的；D. disappointing令人失望的。结合下文内容及本段最后一句“All these facts prove that the British
are really crazy about football.(所有这些事实都证明英国人真的为足球而疯狂)”可知，本段是描述英国人对足
球有多么狂热，故此处指在英国最令人惊讶的事实之一，故选C。
44.考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. great巨大的，很多的；B. interesting有趣的；C. limited有限的；
D. useless无用的。根据下文“He can tell you the names of the players”可知，此处是指对足球有很多了解，
故选A。
45.考查固定短语辨析。句意同上。A. smallest boy最小的孩子；B. oldest man最年老的人；C. shortest child
最矮的孩子；D. most stupid child最愚蠢的孩子。结合语境及空前的“even”可知，此处强调出乎意料，连
最小的孩子也对足球了如指掌，故选A。
46.考查代词词义辨析。句意：他能告诉你大多数重要球队队员的名字。A. none没有一个；B. each每个；
C. few少量；D. most大多数。结合上下文可知，英国的小孩子对足球很了解，应是知道大多数重要球队队
员的名字，“不知道任何一个重要球队队员的名字”或者“知道每一个重要球队队员的名字”不符合语
境，故选D。
47.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他拥有他们的照片，并知道大量匹配的结果。A. owns拥有；B. takes取，
拿；C. accepts接受；D. gains获得。结合空后的“photos of them”及语境可知，球迷会收集喜欢运动员的照
片，故此处指拥有他们的照片，故选A。
48.考查连接词词义辨析。句意：他会告诉你他预计谁会在这样那样的比赛中获胜，他的意见通常和年龄是
他三四倍的人的意见一样有价值。A. why为什么；B. which哪一个；C. who谁；D. whom谁。根据句意及
空后“will win such and such a match”可知，此处指他会告诉你他预计谁将赢得比赛，空处引导宾语从句，
引导词在从句中作主语，指人，应用who引导，故选C。
49.考查连词词义辨析。句意同上。A. but但是；B. and并且；C. however然而；D. because因为。结合句意
可知，他发表观点，并且观点很有价值，故空前后是并列关系，应用and连接，故选B。
50.考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. same同样的；B. useless无用的；C. many很多；D. valuable有价值
的。上文描述了孩子对足球的了解，故此处指他的观点也很有价值，故选D。
51.考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. experience经验；B. height高度；C. age年龄；D. size尺寸。上文提
到英国最小的孩子也很了解足球，故此处指他的意见和那些年龄是他三四倍的人的意见一样有价值，故选
C。
52.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在英国，大多数学校对足球的重视程度远远超过其他国家的学校，在其他国
家，课程非常重要，比赛完全由个人安排。A. matches比赛；B. football足球；C. education教育；D. pupils
学生。根据上文“Football players are trained at school(足球运动员在学校接受训练)”可知，英国的学校很重视足球，故选B。
53.考查定语从句。句意同上。A. where关系副词，引导定语从句；B. there那里；C. their他们的；D.
because因为。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“other countries”，关系词在从句中
作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，故选A。
54.考查名词和固定短语辨析。句意：在英国，人们认为教育不仅仅是在教室里向孩子们灌输知识。A.
learning学习；B. education教育；C. a textbook一本教材；D. physical education体育教学。根据“a matter
of filling a boy’s mind with facts”可知，此处是指教育，故选B。
55.考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. school学校；B. lab实验室；C. library图书馆；D. classroom教室。根
据“a matter of filling a boy’s mind with facts”可知，教育通常发生在教室里，故选D。
56.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这也意味着性格训练；训练性格的最好方法之一是通过运动，尤其是团队
运动，男孩必须学会与他人合作，为他的团队，而不是仅仅为自己工作。A. quickest最快的；B. cheapest
最便宜的；C. best最好的；D. fastest最快的。根据下文“where the boy has to learn to ___18___ with others
for his team ,instead of working just for himself alone”可知，孩子可以在运动中学会团队协作，故运动是训练
性格最好的方法之一，故选C。
57.考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. especially尤其；B. usually通常；C. seldom很少；D. hardly几乎不。
结合句意可知，训练性格的最好方法之一是通过运动，尤其是团队运动，especially符合语境，故选A。
58.考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. fight战斗；B. struggle挣扎；C. work工作；D. study学习。此处是下
文“instead of working just for himself alone”中“working”的词汇复现，指在团队运动中，必须要学会和他
人合作，而不是孤军奋战，故选C。
59.考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，学校为学生安排游戏和比赛。A. teachers老师；B. pupils学生；C.
players运动员；D. team团队。上文描述了学校对足球的重视，结合主语“The school”可知，学校应是为学
生安排游戏和比赛，故选B。
60．考查名词词义辨析。句意：足球是一项很好的团队运动，对身体也是很好的锻炼。A. eyesight视力；
B. head头；C. foot脚；D. body身体。根据空前“exercise”可知，此处是指足球可以锻炼身体，故选D。
第二节(共10小题:每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The artists of Dafen can paint like Van Gogh
The village of Dafen was once thought 6 1 (produce) the most oil paintings in the world every year.
62 (recognize) as the ”world’s art factory“, Dafen impressed visitors with its many workshops, in which
painters created mock masterpieces by Van Gogh, Monet and Warhol. But the village was always seen more as aproduction line 63 a place of culture. Today the future of Dafen may depend on 64 it is able to
earn respect of the art world.
Things started to change for Dafen in 2008, 6 5 the global financial crisis cut down overseas orders.
With more demand 6 6 (come) from domestic market, artists began painting different subjects. New
customers preferred Chinese styles, says 6 7 painter in Dafen. He learnt the art of Shan Shui which
involves representing natural landscapes. In some ways Dafen reflected the broader economy. As exports starts to
decline as a share of GDP, domestic consumption plays a larger role in the 6 8 (grow).
China is the world’s second-largest art market, 6 9 it is not clear where Dafen fits in. Li Jinghu, an
artist from nearby Dongguan, often visits the village hoping to discover new talent. But locals say the demand for
their paintings 70 (decline) in the past two pandemic-struck years. ”Most people would probably be
surprised that Dafen still exists. It does and it will, “ says Lisa Movius, a writer in Shanghai who covers art.
【答案】
61．to produce 62．Recognized 63．than 64．whether 65．when 66．coming 67．a
68．growth 69．but 70．has declined
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了曾经被认为是世界上每年出产油画最多的地方：大芬村。并且还
介绍了这个地方随着经济变化而发生的改变。
61.考查不定式。句意：大芬村曾被认为是世界上每年生产油画最多的村庄。分析句子可知，此处是固定搭
配be thought to do sth.意为“被认为做某事”。故填to produce。
62．考查过去分词。句意：大芬被誉为“世界艺术工厂”，众多的工作室给游客留下了深刻的印象，画家
们在这里模仿梵高、莫奈和沃霍尔的杰作。分析句子可知，主语Dafen与非谓语动词recognize之间是逻辑
上的动宾关系，因此需使用过去分词表示被动，且位于句首时首字母大写。故填Recognized。
63．考查介词。句意：但这个村庄与其说是一个文化场所，不如说一直被视为一个生产线。分析句子可
知，此处是固定短语“more……than”意为“与……比较”，用于同一个人或物在两个不同性质或特征等方
面的比较。故填than。
64．考查宾语从句连词。句意：如今大芬的未来能取决于它能否赢得艺术界的尊重。分析句子可知，介词
“on”后接的句子是宾语从句，且从句中不缺少成分，但缺乏“是否”含义，故填whether。
65．考查定语从句关系词。句意：2008年全球金融危机导致海外订单减少，大芬的情况开始发生变化。分
析句子可知，该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为时间2008，关系词在从句中作时间状语，因此需使用
关系副词when。故填when。
66．考查非谓语动词现在分词。句意：随着国内市场需求的增加，艺术家们开始画不同的主题。分析句子可知，此处是with复合结构，demand和come之间是逻辑上的主动关系，因此需使用现在分词表示主动，
作宾补。故填coming。
67．考查冠词。句意：大芬的一位画家说，新客户更喜欢中式风格。分析句子可知，此处表示泛指“一位
画家”，且painter是以辅音音素开头的名词单数形式，因此需使用不定冠词a进行修饰。故填a。
68．考查名词。句意：随着出口占GDP的比重开始下降，国内消费在推动经济增长方面发挥着更大的作
用。分析句子可知，横线前有定冠词the，其后面需要填写名词，括号中是动词“grow”。需要变成名词形
式。故填growth。
69．考查并列连词。句意：中国是世界第二大艺术品市场，但目前尚不清楚大芬在其中的定位。分析句子
可知，“中国是世界上第二大艺术品市场”与“大芬的定位仍不清楚”之间是转折关系，因此需使用表示
转折关系的连词。故填but。
70．考查动词时态。句意：但当地人表示，在过去疫情肆虐的两年里，对他们画作的需求有所下降。分析
句子可知，根据时间状语in the past two pandemic-struck years (在过去疫情肆虐的两年里)谓语动词decline
应使用现在完成时，主语the demand for their paintings抽象概念，谓语单数形式。故填has declined。
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分35分)
第一节 短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错
误，每句中最多有两处错误。要求你在错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）, 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除: 把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改: 在错的词下划一横线（ ）, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意: 1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词;
2 .只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Face-changing is not simply changing one’s make-up and a special technique in Sichuan Opera who can show
different emotions and feelings of the characters in the play. In ancient times, people are used to paint their faces in
different color. In this way, when come across a frightening animal, we could scare the animal away and keep
themselves safe. Late on, such a trick was applied to the stage performance of Sichuan Opera, and the unique art of
face-changing have come into being.
Nowadays, it has been used for a resource of reference by many other forms of operas in China and even in
world.
【答案】1. and→but 2. who→that/which 3. 删除are 4. color→colors 5. come→coming 6. we→they
7. Late→Later 8. have→has 9. for→a 10. 在world前加the【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍川剧中变脸艺术的由来和影响。
【详解】1.考查连词。句意：变脸不是简单的化妆，而是川剧中一种特殊的技巧，它可以表现出剧中人物
的不同情感和感受。连词词组“...not...but...”是固定搭配，表示“不是……而是……”，表示转折关系，句
中“不是简单的化妆”和“而是川剧中一种特殊的技巧”有转折关系。故将and改为but。
2. 考查定语从句。句意：变脸不是简单的化妆，而是川剧中一种特殊的技巧，它可以表现出剧中人物的
不同情感和感受。分析句子可知，“who can show different emotions and feelings of the characters in the play”
为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Face-changing，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，且先行词是一种
技艺，不能用who，应使用关系代词that或which引导该定语从句。故将who改为that/which。
3. 考查固定短语。句意：在古代，人们常常把自己的脸涂成不同的颜色。used to do sth.为固定短语，表示
“过去经常做某事(现在已经不做)”，be used to do sth.表示“习惯于做某事”，句中指古时候的人们常常把
脸涂成不同的颜色，应用短语used to do sth.。故删除are。
4. 考查名词。句意：在古代，人们常常把自己的脸涂成不同的颜色。different表示“不同的”，修饰可数
名词复数。故将color改为colors。
5. 考查状语从句的省略。句意：这样，当遇到可怕的动物时，他们可以把动物吓跑，保证自己的安全。
在when, while, if, as if, though(或although), as, until, once, whether, unless, where等连词连接的状语从句中，
常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。结合句意，分析子可知，“when come across a frightening animal”是
时间状语从句，原句为“when they were coming across a frightening animal”，符合状语从句省略条件，省略
they were后，应保留现在分词coming。故将come改为coming。
6. 考查代词。句意：这样，当遇到可怕的动物时，他们可以把动物吓跑，保证自己的安全。根据上文可
知，文中说的是古时候的人们，是“他们”，不是“我们”，应用人称代词they。故将we改为they。
7. 考查固定短语。句意：后来，这种把戏被运用到川剧的舞台表演中，形成了独特的变脸艺术。late作副
词时，表示“晚，迟”，later on是固定短语，表示“后来”。故将Late改为Later。
8. 考查主谓一致。句意：后来，这种把戏被运用到川剧的舞台表演中，形成了独特的变脸艺术。分析句
子可知，主语the unique art是不可数名词，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数，助动词应用 has。故将have改
为has。
9.考查介词。句意：如今，它已被中国乃至世界上许多其他戏剧形式作为参考资源。be used as...为固定短
语，表示“被当作……”，介词as表示“作为……”。故将for改为as。
10.考查冠词。句意：它已被中国乃至世界上许多其他戏剧形式作为参考资源。名词world (世界) 是独一无
二的事物，前面应使用定冠词the修饰。故在world前加the。
第二节 书面表达 （满分25分）假定你是校学生会主席李华，你校将邀请来自美国的语言学家史密斯教授(Professor Smith)做一场讲座。请
你写一则英文通知，内容包括：
1．讲座主题：Languages Around The World；
2．讲座的具体安排(时间、地点、内容等)；
3．欢迎大家踊跃参加。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
参考词汇：语言学家(linguist)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
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【答案】
Notice
In order to help us explore more foreign languages, our school is going to invite Professor Smith, a famous
linguist from the US, to give us a lecture on Languages Around The World.
The lecture will be delivered in the school hall from 3:00 to 4:30 on next Thursday afternoon, during which
Professor Smith will show us different kinds of languages and give us some useful suggestions and resources for
learning foreign languages. At the end of the lecture, we can ask him some related questions.
If you're interested, please arrive on time!
The Students’ Union
【导语】本篇书面表达为一篇应用文。要求学生就来自美国的语言学家史密斯教授(Professor Smith)即将做
的一场讲座写一则通知。
【详解】1.词汇积累：
著名的：famous→distinguished/famed/celebrated
相关的：related→relevant
各种各样的：kinds of→various/varieties of
有用的：useful→of use/valuable2. 句式拓展：
原句：At the end of the lecture, we can ask him some related questions.
拓展句：What we can do at the end of the lecture is to ask him some related questions.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The lecture will be delivered in the school hall from 3:00 to 4:30 on next Thursday
afternoon, during which Professor Smith will show us different kinds of languages and give us some useful
suggestions and resources for learning foreign languages.(运用了介词+which引导非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】To help us explore more foreign languages, our school is going to invite Professor Smith, a famous
linguist from the US, to give us a lecture on Languages Around The World.(运用了动词不定式作目的状语)
