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2026 人教版英语八下单元重点知识
Unit 2 Stay Healthy 单元重点知识
一、词汇巩固
(一)核心名词(健康问题 & 护理相关)
1. stomachache(n.) 胃痛;肚子疼
例:David had a stomachache because he atetoo muchat his friend’s birthday party.(大
卫胃痛,因为他在朋友的生日派对上吃得太多了。)
2. toothache(n.) 牙痛
例:Nancy’s toothache got worse after sheate toomany sweet candies.(南希吃了太多糖
果后,牙痛更严重了。)
3. sorethroat(n.) 喉咙痛
例:Judysuffered from a sorethroat because shepracticed her speech for hours without
drinkingwater.(朱迪因为练了几小时演讲没喝水,喉咙痛得厉害。)
4. fever (n.) 发烧
例:Helen hadahigh fever, so thedoctoradvised hertostay home andrest(. 海伦发高烧,
医生建议她在家休息。)
5. injury (n.) 伤害;损伤
例:Ben got an injuryonhis backafter hefell during aPE class.(本在体育课上摔倒后,
背部受了伤。)
6. firstaid(n.) 急救
例:Allen learned first aid in school, so heknew howto putout theoil fire safely.(艾伦
在学校学过急救,所以知道如何安全扑灭油锅火灾。)
7. virus(n.) 病毒
例:Theflu virus spreads easily in winter, sowe should wear masks to protect ourselves.
(流感病毒在冬天容易传播,我们应该戴口罩保护自己。)
8. X-ray (n.) X 光照片;X 射线
例:Thenursetold Nancy shemight need an X-ray to check her bad tooth.(护士告诉南
希,她可能需要拍 X 光片检查坏牙。)
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9. allergy (n.) 过敏
例:Mark has a peanut allergy, sohecan’t eat any food withpeanuts.(马克对花生过敏,
不能吃任何含花生的食物。)
(二)重点动词(健康护理 & 急救动作)
1. sufferfrom受苦;受折磨
例:Many studentssuffer from eye strain becausethey useelectronic devices for toolong.
(很多学生因为长时间用电子设备,眼睛疲劳不堪。)
2. avoid(v.) 避免;防止
例:The nursetold David to avoid soft drinks because thegas would make hisstomachache
worse.(护士让大卫避免喝碳酸饮料,因为气体会加重他的胃痛。)
3. press(v.) 压;按
例:WhenJeff had anosebleed, thenursetold him topress down onhis nosefor afew
minutes.(杰夫流鼻血时,护士让他按住鼻子几分钟。)
4. treat(v.) 治疗;处理
例:Thedoctor treated Helen’s flu with special medicine and asked herto drink more water.
(医生用特效药治疗海伦的流感,并让她多喝热水。)
5. prevent(v.) 预防;防止
例:Washinghands often can prevent the spread of germs.(勤洗手能预防细菌传播。)
6. roll(v.) (使)翻滚;滚动
例:When James’s shirt caught fire, herolled ontheground toputout theflames.(詹姆斯
的衬衫着火时,他在地上翻滚灭火。)
7. check (v.) 检查;查明
例:Thedoctorchecked Kelly’s broken arm carefully and asked for an X-ray.(医生仔细
检查了凯利骨折的手臂,并要求拍 X 光片。)
8. burn(v.) 燃烧;烫伤 (过去式 / 过去分词:burnt/burned)
例:James burnt his arm slightly when he was cookingfried chicken.(詹姆斯做炸鸡时,
手臂轻微烫伤了。)
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(三)关键形容词(身体感受 & 状态)
1. sore(adj.) 疼痛的;酸痛的
例:Afterplaying basketball for two hours, Tom’s legs felt sore.(打了两小时篮球后,
汤姆的腿又酸又痛。)
2. painful(adj.) (身体部位)疼痛的
例:Helen’s throat was so painful that she could hardly speak.(海伦的喉咙痛得几乎说
不出话。)
3. careless (adj.) 不小心的;粗心的
例:Accidents often happenwhen weare careless, likeJeff falling offhis bike.(粗心时容
易发生意外,比如杰夫从自行车上摔下来。)
4. harmful (adj.) 有害的
例:Toomuch screen timeis harmful to oureyes and sleep.(长时间看屏幕对眼睛和睡
眠都有害。)
5. allergic(adj.) 过敏的
例:Mark is allergic topeanuts, so hehas tocheck food ingredients carefully.(马克对花
生过敏,必须仔细查看食品成分。)
6. runny(adj.) 流鼻涕的
例:If you havea runnynose, you should usea tissueinstead ofwiping it withyour hands.
(流鼻涕时,应该用纸巾擦,而不是用手。)
二、词形变换
1. pain(n. 疼痛)→painful (adj. 疼痛的) →painless(adj. 无痛的)
例:Thepain in his back lasted for three days.(他的背痛持续了三天。)Her ankle was
painful after shetwistedit.(她扭伤脚踝后,那里一直很痛。)
Thenewtreatment is quick and painless.(这种新治疗方法快速且无痛。)
2. harm(n./v. 伤害)→harmful(adj. 有害的)→harmless (adj. 无害的)
例:Smokingdoes great harm to ourlungs.(吸烟对肺部伤害很大。)
UVrays from thesuncan beharmful to our skin.(太阳紫外线对皮肤有害。)
Thiskind ofplant looks scary but it’sharmless.(这种植物看起来吓人,但其实无害。)
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3. care (v./n. 关 心 ; 小 心 ) → careful (adj. 小 心 的 ) → careless (adj. 粗 心 的 )
→carefully(adv. 小心地)
例:You shouldcare about your health byeating well.(你应该通过合理饮食关注健康。)
Becareful when usingknives in thekitchen.(在厨房用刀时要小心。)
Thecareless driver forgot toturn off thestove.(这个粗心的司机忘了关炉子。)
Nancy brushed her teeth carefully to stop her toothache.(南希仔细刷牙,缓解牙痛。)
4. safe(adj. 安全的) →safety (n. 安全)→safely (adv. 安全地)
例:It’s safe tostay insideduring aheavy rainstorm.(暴雨时待在室内很安全。)
Theteacheralways tellsus about safety rules in class.(老师经常在课上给我们讲安全规
则。)
Allen putout thefire safely with afire extinguisher.(艾伦用灭火器安全扑灭了火。)
5. ill(adj. 生病的) →illness (n. 疾病)→illnesses (pl. 各种疾病)
例:Helen felt ill andhad to stay homefrom school.(海伦生病了,不得不请假在家。)
Common illnessesin winter includetheflu and colds(. 冬天常见的疾病有流感和感冒。)
三、重点短语
1. havea+ 身体部位 ache 患…… 痛(如 haveaheadache/stomachache)
例:Ihavea headache becauseIstayed uplatestudying lastnight.(我昨晚熬夜学习,
现在头痛。)
2. sufferfrom受苦;受折磨(后接疾病或不适)
例:Many peoplein dry areassuffer from lack of clean water.(干旱地区的很多人苦于
缺乏干净的水。)
3. takeone’s temperature 给某人量体温
例:The doctortook Helen’stemperature and foundshehad a fever.(医生给海伦量了体
温,发现她发烧了。)
4. avoiddoingsth 避免做某事
例:To protect your teeth, you shouldavoid eating toomany sweets.(为了保护牙齿,你
应该避免吃太多甜食。)
5. putout扑灭(火);熄灭
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例:Allen used a fireextinguisher toput out theoil fire inthe pan.(艾伦用灭火器扑灭了
锅里的油锅火。)
6. firstaid急救
例:Schoolsshould teach students basicfirst aid skills,likehow tohelp someone with a
nosebleed.(学校应该教学生基本急救技能,比如如何帮助流鼻血的人。)
7. stop...fromdoingsth 防止…… 做某事
例:Wearing amask can stop theflu virus from spreading to others.(戴口罩能防止流感
病毒传染给他人。)
8. liedown 平躺;平卧
例:If you have astomachache, you can liedown andput somethingwarm onyour
stomach.(胃痛时,可以平躺下来,在肚子上敷点暖的东西。)
9. check out检查;核实(食品成分、健康状况等)
例:Mark always checksout food ingredients tomake sure thereare nopeanuts.(马克总
是检查食品成分,确保没有花生。)
10. catch fire着火;起火
例:Thepan caught fire because James left theoil heating and walked away.(因为詹姆斯
让油加热着就走开了,锅里起火了。)
四、重点句型
1. 描述健康问题:Sb. have/hasa+ 健康问题./ Sb. suffer(s)from+ 健康问题.
例:David has a stomachacheafter eating too much.(大卫吃太多后胃痛。)Judy suffers
from asore throat because shetalked too much.(朱迪因为说话太多,喉咙痛。)
2. 询问健康状况:What’s wrong?/What’sthe matter? /Areyou OK?
例:A: What’swrong with you? You look pale.(你怎么了?脸色好苍白。)B: I have a
headacheand feel tired.(我头痛,还觉得累。)
3. 给出建议(应该 / 不应该做):Youshould+ 动词原形./Youshouldn’t+ 动词原形.
例:You shouldsee adentist ifyou have atoothache.(牙痛的话,你应该去看牙医。)
You shouldn’t eat cold foodwhen you have astomachache.(胃痛时不要吃冷的食物。)
4. 给出委婉建议:Youcould+ 动词原形.(比 should 语气更柔和)
例:You coulddrink somehoney water tosoothe your sore throat.(你可以喝点蜂蜜水缓
解喉咙痛。)
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5. 说明原因:Sb. have/has ahealth problembecause+ 原因.
例:Nancyhas atoothache because sheate toomanysweet things.(南希牙痛,因为她吃
了太多甜食。)
6. 描述急救动作:When + 意外发生,Sb. should+ 急救动作.
例:Whensomeone’s clothes catch fire, heor sheshould rollonthe ground to putout the
fire.(当有人衣服着火时,应该在地上翻滚灭火。)
7. 强调健康重要性:It’s important to + 健康相关动作,because+ 原因.
例:It’s important towash hands often, because itcan prevent thespread ofgerms.(勤洗
手很重要,因为能预防细菌传播。)
8. 提醒注意事项:Don’t + 危险动作,or+ 可能的后果.
例:Don’t pourwater onan oilfire, orit will makethefire worse(. 不要往油锅火上浇水,
否则火会更旺。)
五、重点语法
(一)反身代词(Reflexive Pronouns)
构成与分类
单数 复数
人称
第一人称 myself(我自己) ourselves(我们自己)
第二人称 yourself(你自己) yourselves(你们自己)
himself(他自己)、herself(她 themselves(他们 / 她们 /
第三人称
自己)、itself(它自己) 它们自己)
核心用法
作动词 / 介词宾语:强调动作作用于主语本身。
例:Be careful withtheknife—don’t cut yourself.(用刀时小心,别割到自己。)James
hurthimself when he fell off thebike.(詹姆斯从自行车上摔下来,弄伤了自己。)
作主语 / 宾语同位语:用于强调 “亲自、独自”,可省略,不影响句子结构。
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例:David cooked dinnerhimself becausehis parents were busy.(大卫自己做了晚饭,
因为父母很忙。)Wecleanedtheclassroom ourselves—noonehelped us.(我们自己打
扫了教室,没人帮忙。)
常见固定搭配
enjoy oneself(玩得开心)、take care of oneself(照顾自己)、hurt oneself(伤到自己)
byoneself(独自)、teach oneself(自学)、help oneself to sth(随便吃 / 用某物)
易错提醒:反身代词不能单独作主语,需与主语保持人称、数的一致。错误:Myself
went to thehospital.(反身代词不能作主语)正确:Imyselfwent tothe hospital.(反身
代词作同位语,主语为 I)
(二)情态动词 should/could(表建议)
should 的用法
表 “应该”:用于提出义务、责任或较明确的建议,语气较直接,主语可为人称代词
或事物。
例:You shouldwear amask when you havethe flu.(得流感时,你应该戴口罩。)
Weshould exercisefor 30minutes every day to stay healthy.(为了保持健康,我们应该
每天锻炼 30 分钟。)
否定式 shouldn’t:表 “不应该”,用于提醒避免不当行为。
例:You shouldn’t eattoo much fast food—it’s unhealthy.(你不应该吃太多快餐,不
健康。)
could 的用法
表 “可以”:用于提出委婉、不确定的建议,语气比 should 柔和,给对方选择空间。
例:You couldask theschool nurse forhelp ifyou feel unwell.(如果不舒服,你可以向
校医求助。)Wecould go fora walkafter dinnerto help digestion.(晚饭后我们可以散
散步,帮助消化。)
否定式 couldn’t:表 “不可以、不能”,用于委婉拒绝或说明没有能力做某事。
例:You couldn’trun around when you have afever—itwill makeyou tired.(发烧时不
能乱跑,会让你更累。)
用法对比
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情态动词 语气 场景 例句
直接、 强调义务或 You shouldsee adoctor at once.(你应
should
明确 必要建议 该立刻去看医生。)
委婉、 提出可选建 You could call your parents to pick you
could
柔和 议 up.(你可以打电话让父母来接你。)
(三)连词 because(表原因)
核心功能:引导原因状语从句,说明主句动作或状态的直接原因,语气最强,回答 why
引导的问句。
用法注意
because 引导的从句可位于主句前(用逗号隔开)或主句后,位于主句前时,强调原
因;位于主句后时,补充说明原因。
例:Becausehe atetoo much, David hadastomachache.(因为吃得太多,大卫胃痛了。
—— 强调原因)David had a stomachache because he ate too much.(大卫胃痛,因为
他吃得太多。—— 补充原因)
不能与 but/so 同时使用:because 表原因,so 表结果,二者只能选其一。错误:He had
afever becausehe caught acold, so hestayed home(. 同时用 because 和 so,语法错误)
正确:Hehad afeverbecause hecaught acold, sohestayed home(. 删除 because 或 so,
此处保留 so,调整为 He caught a cold, so hehad afeverand stayed home.)
语境应用:本单元中常用于连接 “健康问题” 与 “原因”,帮助表达身体不适的诱因。
例:Judy had asore throat because she talked toomuch.(朱迪喉咙痛,因为她说了太多
话。)Ben got a backache because hefell during PE class.(本背痛,因为他在体育课上
摔了一跤。)
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