文档内容
绝密★启用前
2016 年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（二）
（科目代码：204）
☆考生注意事项☆
1. 答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡
指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号,并涂写考生编号信息点。
2. 考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷
条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由
考生自负。
3. 选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须
书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在
草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。
4. 填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂
写部分必须使用 2B 铅笔填涂。
5. 考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。
（以下信息考生必须认真填写）
考生编号
考生姓名Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and
mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and
willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might
influence 1 firms work, too.
Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a
recent research paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R&D
(research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of
longer-term thinking 3 for making investments for the future.
The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that
come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested. So they
compared U.S. cities’ average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the
investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.
7 enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the
happiness of the area in which they were 8 . But is it really happiness that’s
linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why
firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for
various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry,
and sales – and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in
wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally 12
even after accounting for these things.
The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for
younger firms, which the authors 13 to “less codified decision making process”
and the possible presence of “younger and less 14 managers who are more likely
to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was 15 stronger in places
where happiness was spread more 16 . Firms seem to invest more in places
where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness
inequality.
17 this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to
take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility.
It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how
executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people
would be more forward-thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the
average,” said one researcher.
21.[A] why [B] how [C] where [D] when
2.[A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion
3.[A] necessary [B] famous [C] perfect [D] sufficient
4.[A] individualism [B] realism [C] optimism [D] modernism
5.[A] miss [B] echo [C] spoil [D] change
6.[A] imagined [B] measured [C] assumed [D] invented
7.[A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often
8.[A] divided [B] advertised [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered
9.[A] summarize [B] overstate [C] explain [D] emphasize
10.[A] factors [B] stages [C] levels [D] methods
11.[A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reliable [D] reputable
12.[A] resumed [B] emerged [C] held [D] broke
13.[A] assign [B] attribute [C] transfer [D] compare
14.[A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D] experienced
15.[A] instead [B] thus [C] also [D] never
16.[A] rapidly [B] directly [C] regularly [D] equally
17.[A] While [B] Until [C] After [D] Since
18.[A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes
19.[A] share [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] shape
20.[A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] send out [D] give away
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,
B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
3Text 1
It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer
science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few
introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s
School of Computer Science.
However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn
computer science, they learn that it’s not just a confusing, endless string of letters
and numbers – but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It’s
not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students.
Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them
becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of
people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.
Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to
college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim,
which can drive the less-experienced or -determined students away.
The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one
of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a
career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear
lessons toward things they’re interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor.
For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based
on your mood.
The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and
build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the
“Ruby on Rails” language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they
enter the job market. But the skills they learn – how to think logically through a
problem and organize the results – apply to any coding language, said Deborah
Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.
Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future
army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be
surrounded by computers – in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes – for
the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax
the machine into producing what they want – the earlier they learn that they have
the power to do that – the better.
421.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to .
[A] complete future job training
[B] remodel the way of thinking
[C] formulate logical hypotheses
[D] perfect artwork production
22.In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their .
[A] experience
[B] interest
[C] career prospects
[D] academic backgrounds
23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will .
[A] help students learn other computer languages
[B] have to be upgraded when new technologies come
[C] need improving when students look for jobs
[D] enable students to make big quick money
24.According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to .
[A] bring forth innovative computer technologies
[B] stay longer in the information technology industry
[C] become better prepared for the digitalized world
[D] compete with a future army of programmers
25.The word “coax” (Line 4, Para. 6) is closest in meaning to .
[A] persuade
[B] frighten
[C] misguide
[D] challenge
5Text 2
Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens – a kind
of bird living on stretching grasslands – once lent red to the often grey landscape
of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds
remain today, occupying about 16% of the species’ historic range.
The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)
decided to formally list the bird as threatened. “The lesser prairie chicken is in a
desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists,
however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as
“endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to
crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the “threatened” tag gave
the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational
conservation approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations
with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action, and
with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken’s
habitat.
Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute
landowners or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long
as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.
Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses
that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every
acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to
compensate landowners who set aside habitat. USFWS also set an interim goal of
restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the
next 10 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies
(WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall,
the idea is to let “states remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species,” Ashe
said.
Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. Some Congress members are trying
to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three
environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly, industry
groups and states generally argue it goes too far; environmentalists say it doesn’t go
far enough. “The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird
to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,” says biologist Jay Lininger.
626.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie chicken as threatened is .
[A] its drastically decreased population
[B] the underestimate of the grassland acreage
[C] a desperate appeal from some biologists
[D] the insistence of private landowners
27.The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it .
[A] was a give-in to governmental pressure
[B] would involve fewer agencies in action
[C] granted less federal regulatory power
[D] went against conservation policies
28.It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be
prosecuted if they .
[A] agree to pay a sum for compensation
[B] volunteer to set up an equally big habitat
[C] offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job
[D] promise to raise funds for USFWS operations
29.According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species is .
[A] the federal government
[B] the wildlife agencies
[C] the landowners
[D] the states
30.Jay Lininger would most likely support .
[A] industry groups
[B] the win-win rhetoric
[C] environmental groups
[D] the plan under challenge
7Text 3
That everyone’s too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complaint is
made especially mournfully: There’s never any time to read.
What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management
techniques don’t seem sufficient. The web’s full of articles offering tips on making
time to read: “Give up TV” or “Carry a book with you at all times.” But in my
experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn’t work. Sit
down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning – or else
you’re so exhausted that a challenging book’s the last thing you need. The modern
mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, “is overwhelmingly inclined toward
communication... It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually
inclined to interruption.” Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of
time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.
In fact, “becoming more efficient” is part of the problem. Thinking of time as
a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any
given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some
goal. Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency,
goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it in as a to-do list item and you’ll
manage only goal-focused reading – useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling
kind. “The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly
infinite conveyor belt,” writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “we feel
a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) as they pass, for
if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them.” No mind-set could
be worse for losing yourself in a book.
So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for
reading. You’d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle
notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us “step outside time’s flow” into “soul time.”
You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-
readers. “Carry a book with you at all times” can actually work, too – providing you
dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you
temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a
really good day, it no longer feels as if you’re “making time to read,” but just
reading, and making time for everything else.
831.The usual time-management techniques don’t work because .
[A] what they can offer does not ease the modern mind
[B] what challenging books demand is repetitive reading
[C] what people often forget is carrying a book with them
[D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed
32.The “empty bottles” metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to .
[A] update their to-do lists
[B] make passing time fulfilling
[C] carry their plans through
[D] pursue carefree reading
33.Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps .
[A] encourage the efficiency mind-set
[B] develop online reading habits
[C] promote ritualistic reading
[D] achieve immersive reading
34.“Carry a book with you at all times” can work if .
[A] reading becomes your primary business of the day
[B] all the daily business has been promptly dealt with
[C] you are able to drop back to business after reading
[D] time can be evenly split for reading and business
35.The best title for this text could be .
[A] How to Enjoy Easy Reading
[B] How to Find Time to Read
[C] How to Set Reading Goals
[D] How to Read Extensively
9Text 4
Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure,
younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest
poll has found.
Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same
traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having
children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old
mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer
strikingly different paths for reaching it.
Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older
adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance
their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more
public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially
secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are
best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.
From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the
aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining
priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all
aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to
politics.
Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both
groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life
than it was for earlier generations. While younger people are somewhat more
optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big
majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life” face a tougher
climb than earlier generations in reaching such signpost achievements as securing
a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable
housing.
Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-year-old
auto technician from the Chicago suburbs, says he struggled to find a job after
graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said, “I can’t
afford to pay my monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms
out to people to make that happen.” Looking back, he is struck that his parents
could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had
completed college when he was young. “I still grew up in an upper middle-class
home with parents who didn’t have college degrees,” Schneider said. “I don’t
think people are capable of that anymore.”
1036.One cross-generation mark of a successful life is .
[A] trying out different lifestyles
[B] having a family with children
[C] working beyond retirement age
[D] setting up a profitable business
37.It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to .
[A] favor a slower life pace
[B] hold an occupation longer
[C] attach importance to pre-marital finance
[D] give priority to childcare outside the home
38.The priorities and expectations defined by the young will .
[A] become increasingly clear
[B] focus on materialistic issues
[C] depend largely on political preferences
[D] reach almost all aspects of American life
39.Both young and old agree that .
[A] good-paying jobs are less available
[B] the old made more life achievements
[C] housing loans today are easy to obtain
[D] getting established is harder for the young
40.Which of the following is true about Schneider?
[A] He found a dream job after graduating from college.
[B] His parents believe working steadily is a must for success.
[C] His parents’ good life has little to do with a college degree.
[D] He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging.
11Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable
subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There
are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on
the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
[A]Be silly
[B]Have fun
[C]Ask for help
[D]Express your emotions
[E]Don’t overthink it
[F] Be easily pleased
[G]Notice things
Act Your Shoe Size, Not Your Age
As adults, it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness, often with
mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an art – and for the most part
they don’t need self-help books or therapy. Instead, they look after their wellbeing
instinctively, and usually more effectively than we do as grownups. Perhaps it’s
time to learn a few lessons from them.
41.
What does a child do when he’s sad? He cries. When he’s angry? He shouts.
Scared? Probably a bit of both. As we grow up, we learn to control our emotions
so they are manageable and don’t dictate our behaviours, which is in many ways a
good thing. But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing
emotions, especially negative ones. That’s about as effective as brushing dirt under
a carpet and can even make us ill. What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge
and express what we feel appropriately, and then – again, like children – move on.
42.
A couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was nine years
old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. It cost less than a fiver but
she was overjoyed, and couldn’t stop talking about it. Too often we believe that a
new job, bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow
us to finally be content, but the reality is these things have very little lasting
impact on our happiness levels. Instead, being grateful for small things every day
12is a much better way to improve wellbeing.
43.
Have you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we adults could indulge
in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our
bodies, increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts
and even have a greater chance of fighting off infection. All of which would, of
course, have a positive effect on our happiness levels.
44.
The problem with being a grownup is that there’s an awful lot of serious stuff
to deal with – work, mortgage payments, figuring out what to cook for dinner. But
as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it’s
important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love. Those things
might be social, sporting, creative or completely random (dancing around the
living room, anyone?) – it doesn’t matter, so long as they’re enjoyable, and not
likely to have negative side effects, such as drinking too much alcohol or going on
a wild spending spree if you’re on a tight budget.
45. _______________________________
Having said all of the above, it’s important to add that we shouldn’t try too
hard to be happy. Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative
impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to
have said: “Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness.” And in that, once
more, we need to look to the example of our children, to whom happiness is not a
goal but a natural byproduct of the way they live.
13Section III Translation
46.Directions
Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER
SHEET. (15 points)
The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as
possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the
store, the more stuff you’ll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you’ll buy.
And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the
Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens
of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers
into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the
demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about
40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and
instead begin shopping emotionally – which is the point at which we accumulate
the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.
Section IV Writing
Part A
47.Directions:
Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend, Jack, wrote an email
to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation. Write him a reply to
1) thank him, and
2) give your advice.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write your address. (10 points)
14Part B
48.Directions:
Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
某高校学生旅游目的调查
2016年英语二真题答案
15Section Ⅰ Use of English
1.B 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C
10.A
11.A 12.C 13.B 14.D 15.C 16.D 17.A 18.C 19.D 20.B
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1 21~25 B B A C A Text 2 26~30 A C A D C
Text 3 31~35 D B D A B Text 4 36~40 B C D D C
Part B
41.D 42.F 43.A 44.B 45.E
Part C
46.
超市的设计就是要诱使顾客尽可能久地待在店内。其理由很简单：你在店里逗
留越久，看到的东西就越多，看到的东西越多，买的就越多。而超市里的东西多得
很。按食品营销研究院所说，普通超市售卖约44，000种各式货品，而且许多超市
的货品还要多出成千上万种。单是可供选择的货品数量就足以让购物者陷入信息超
负荷的状态。根据大脑扫描实验，如此之大的决策量带来的负担会很快令我们无法
承受。购物约40分钟后，大多数人就不再费心去理性选购，而是开始冲动购物了
——就是从这一刻起，我们把本来根本没打算买的那一半东西堆进了购物车。
Section III Writing
47、48 略
16
