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专题 19 阅读理解之主旨大意题
《考点•题型 •技巧》
考向分析
主旨大意题旨在考查考生通过对原文快速浏览正确获取语篇的大意，并对文章的主
题、标题、段落、中心思想加以归纳理解以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。要求考生
在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心情节，体会作者的主要意图，充分运用逻辑概括能
力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、中心论点及作者的情感倾向。
考点导航
1.从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种
①篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段或为几段
主题的综
②段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需
要从上下文中寻找或总结。
2.从考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种
①主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意；
②目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的；
③标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。
◆设问特点：
1. 考查全文主旨或段落大意。
2. 正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。
3. 错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。
4. 常以main idea, best idea, subject, mainly discuss 等词提问。
◆常考问题：
（1）中心思想类
The main point /idea of the passage is…
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司The passage is mai nly about…
The passage mainly discusses…
The last but one paragraph is chiefly concerned with…?
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?
（2）标题类
Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
The best title for the passage would be …
（3）目的类
The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to …
The passage is meant to ….
In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to…
怎样理解段落及文章整体的主旨大意
文章是由段落组成的。段落是发展一个主题的一群句子，段落围绕着中心思想展开，
而段落的中心思想又是为文章整体的中心思想服务的。寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法
是：通过分析篇章结构，找出每小段的主题句，通过主题句找出文章的主题。找准文章的
主题句是确定文章主旨大意的关键。主题是文章要表达的中心思想，文章的主题句通常都
有一个话题，它是文章的核心。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。
但是由于文章的不同，表现的手法也各有不同，主题句出现的位置也不是一成不变
的。在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短
文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、
结尾（含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句）。因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的
首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法(skimming)，浏览时，一般不需逐句细
读，只选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。
文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况：
1. 中心主题句出现在文首
开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句
则出现在段首的写作方法。
新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”，“导语”实
际上就是主题句，是对全文内容的高度概括。大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依
据。
2. 主题句出现在文尾
在细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的
归纳法写作方式，即细节表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。
3. 首尾呼应的写作方法
为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较
为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的往往有进一步的引申或发展
的意味。
4. 中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句
阅读这样的文章，就要求考生根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导
出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻
辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。该类型的试题则迎刃而解。
5. 主题句出现在文章的中间
通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，
而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。
怎样给阅读文章整体加注标题
——高度概括法
对文章主旨大意的考察，不仅可以直接以理解段落及文章的主旨大意的形式出现，而
且也可以用选择或拟定文章标题的形式出现。因此，选择文章标题，首先可以按照主旨大
意的确定方式，先弄清文章的主旨大意，再定标题。
标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它是段落中心思想最精
练的表达形式。标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章的中心，把握
作者的观点和意图。那么如何选择文章的标题呢？
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司首先，要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。一般要求能覆盖全文内容，体
现文章主旨。要避免下列三种情况：①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范
围太小）；②过度概括（多表现为脱离本文章内容的发挥）；③以事实、细节替代抽象具
体的大意。
其次，要考虑标题的针对性，即标题范围要恰当，针对性强。要在阅读原文的基础
上，
仔细考虑所选标题与文章主题是否有密切的关系。既不能太大，也不能太小，太大则
中心就不突出，太小也发挥不了应起的作用；精确度高，不能随意改变语言的表意程度及
色彩。它可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。
再次要注意标题的醒目性，标题的选择要简洁、突出、新颖，标题是文章的点睛之
笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。标题的好坏往往影响了文章的可读性，读者常常从标题上决定
文章的阅读取舍。故标题一般比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，以此来吸引读者对文章的兴趣。
最后要注意，要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的基本拟定方法。一般说来，拟定
标题是以话题为核心，与控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句或中心思想的词
组。
【题型分析】
【题型一精确归纳标题】
An experimental cleanup device called RemoveDEBRIS has successfully cast a net around a
dummy (仿真的) satellite, imitating a technique that could one day collect spaceborne garbage.
The test, which was carried out this week, is widely believed to be the first successful
demonstration of space cleanup technology, experts told CNN. And it symbolizes an early step
toward solving what has already been a critical issue: junk in space.
,
Millions of pieces of junk are turning around in orbit the result of 50 years of space travel
and few regulations to keep space clean. At orbital speeds, even a small bit of paint crashing with
a satellite can cause critical damage.
Various companies have plans to send thousands of new satellites into low-Earth orbit,
already the most crowded area.
The RemoveDEBRIS experiment is run by a company and researchers led by the U. K.’s
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司Surrey Space Center and includes Airbus, Airbus-owned Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. and
France’s ArianeGroup.
Guglielmo Aglietti, the director of Surrey Space Center, said that an operational version of
the RemoveDEBRlS technology would cast a net that remains fastened to the main satellite so the
debris can be dragged out of orbit. It could target large pieces of junk, including dead satellites up
to 10 meters long.
The RemoveDEBRIS satellite will conduct a few more experiments in the coming months,
including testing navigation features that could help guide the satellite to a specific piece of debris.
Jonathan McDowell, an astrophysicist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics,
said the success of this week’s experiment was exciting, but he cautioned against “over-
publicizing” it.
There are still enormous barriers to clear before operational cleanup tasks are underway, he
said, and the most discouraging is figuring out how to fund such projects.
Aglietti, the Surrey professor who helped lead the RemoveDEBRIS project, said “The
challenge will lie in persuading the relevant authorities to sponsor these tasks.” Aglietti said he
hopes RemoveDEBRIS will conduct a few cleanup tasks per year, targeting the largest pieces of
junk in the most crowded orbits.340
What’s the best title for the text?
A. The RemoveDEBRIS Project Is Perfect
B. How RemoveDEBRIS Is Invented in the Lab
C. Why the RemoveDEBRIS Satellite Is Invented
D. Satellite Collects Space Junk for the First Time
【题型二概括文章大意】
Languages will continue to diverge. Even if English were to become the universal language,
it would still take many different forms. Indeed the same could happen to English as has happened
to Chinese: a language of intellectuals which doesn’t vary hugely alongside a large number of
variations used by local peoples.
We will continue to teach other languages in some form, and not just for reasons of practical
use. Learning a language is good for your mental health; it forces you to understand another
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司cultural and intellectual system. So I hope British education will develop a more rational approach
to the foreign languages available to students in line with their political importance. Because so
many people believe it is no longer important to know another language, I fear that time devoted
to language teaching in schools may well continue to decline. But you can argue that learning
another language well is more exhausting than, say, learning to play chess well—it involves
sensitivity to a set of complicated rules, and also to context.
Technology will certainly make a difference to the use of foreign languages. Computers may,
for instance, relieve the hard work that a vast translation represents. But no one who has seen a
computer translation will think it can substitute for live knowledge of the different languages. A
machine will always be behind the times. Still more important is the fact that no computer will
ever get at the associations beyond the words associations that may not be expressed but which
carry much of the meaning. In languages like Arabic that context is very important. Languages
come with heavy cultural baggage too—in French or German if you miss the cultural references
behind a word you’re very likely to be missing the meaning. It will be very hard to teach all that to
computer.
All the predictions are that English will be spoken by a declining proportion of the world’s
population in the 21st century. I don’t think foreign languages will really become less important,
but they might be perceived to be— and that would in the end be — a very bad thing.
15．What is the text mainly about?
A．Learning foreign languages is a challenging job.
B．Learning a language is good for your mental health.
C．Cultural background blocks the understanding of a language.
D．Computers play an important role in learning foreign languages.
【题型三总结段落大意】
There are as many kinds of careers (职业) as there are people. They vary greatly in the type
of work involved (涉及) and in the ways they influence a person's life. The kind of career you
have can affect your life in many ways. By making wise decisions concerning your career, you can
help yourself build the life you want. To do that, you need as much information as possible. The
more you know about yourself, the better able you will be to choose a satisfying career.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司What do people hope to obtain from a career? Some people desire a high income. Some hope
for fame. Others seek for adventure. Still others intend to serve people and make the world a better
place. Before you begin to explore career fields, you should determine your values. your interests,
and your aptitudes that will make you competent for your future work. Most people are happiest
in jobs that fit their values, interests,and skills. Each person has many values, which vary in
strength. For example, money is the strongest value for some people—that is, wealth is more
important to them than anything else. As a result, they focus their thoughts, behaviour, and
emotions on the goal of earning a high income. Other values include devoting to religion, taking
risks, spending time with family, and helping others.
Before making a career decision, you can ask yourself what is most important to you and
examine your beliefs to better know your values. For example, is it important to you to work as a
member of a team? Or would you rather be in charge or work alone? If working alone or being in
charge is important to you, independence is probably one of your primary values.294
What does the writer convey to us in the last paragraph?
A．The contents of our values.
B．The foundations of our values.
C．The places to achieve our values.
D．The ways to understand our values.
检测训练
A
It seems we're always being told to get more sleep. Studies suggest spending less time on
sleep can lead to obesity(肥胖) and even cancer. You might even find yourself with a head full of
false memories. But rarely does science explore the dark side of sleeping too much. That's because
few of us in today's busy world have the luck of exploring that option.
In an August 2018 study, published in the Journal of the American Heart Association,
researchers researched the sleep patterns of those“fortunate”few and found they may not be so
lucky after all. In fact, they found people who get more than eight hours of sleep have greater
health risk compared to those who sleep together less than seven hours. What's more, sleep-
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司aholics-those who manage to get 10 hours a night-stand a 30 percent higher chance of dying
compared to the seven-hour crowd.
The wide-ranging global study involved(涉及) more than three million people who self-
reported on their sleep habits and came to an eye-opening conclusion: If you tend to sleep a lot,
you may want to buy an alarm clock. As with all things in life, sleep is best taken in moderation
（适度）.
You may be thinking: What if I only sleep in on Saturday and Sunday, am I still at risk? The
answer is yes, according to a 2019 study published in Current Biology. Researchers discovered
that even if a person sleeps more than seven hours on the weekends but still sleeps less than that
on weeknights, they are at risk of gaining weight and developing sensitivity to insulin, which
controls the level of sugar in blood.
For the study, 36 participants were divided into three groups that each had a different sleep
schedule: nine hours every night, five hours every night, and five hours from Monday to Friday
and sleeping much on weekends. People who get too much sleep tend to feel tired and lack
energy. Also, both sleep-deprived（睡眠不足的) groups consume more food and gain weight.
8. Why is the harmful effect of sleeping too much seldom studied?
A. Few people have time to sleep too much. B. Lack of sleep causes much more
harm.
C. It turns out to be a healthy sleep pattern. D. People's health has nothing to do
with it.
9. What does the underlined words "those 'fortunate' few" in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Those leading a relaxing life. B. Those getting too much sleep.
C. Those with less time to sleep. D. Those with no sleep problems.
10. What can be learned from the 2019 study?
A. Sleeping much is particularly beneficial to hungry people.
B. Many people sleep more on weekends than on weekdays.
C. An alarm clock of high quality is important for good sleep.
D. People who sleep much only on weekends also have health risk.
11. What is the main idea of the text?
.
A It is necessary to save enough time for sleep.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司B. Too much sleep can result in gaining weight.
C. Sleeping too much does harm to people's health.
.
D People can avoid sleeping much by eating healthily.
B
When people are rude to their co-workers or treat them badly, they probably don’t realize the
unintended victims in the encounter could be the co-workers, children. Women who experience
incivility in the workplace are more likely to engage in stricter, more authoritarian parenting
practices that can have a negative impact on their children, according to the research presented at
the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association.
“These findings reveal some previously undocumented ways that women, in particular, suffer
as a result of workplace aggression,” said researcher Angela Dionisi, PhD, of Carleton University.
This research also speaks to a previously unacknowledged group of indirect incivility victims,
namely children.
Workplace incivility is any behavior that is disrespectful, impolite or otherwise goes against
workplace standards of respect, according to coauthor Kathryne Dupre, PhD, of Carleton
University. “We now know that the outcomes of workplace incivility are vast and negative,” said
Dupre. Survey results showed that incivility in the workplace was associated with mothers feeling
less effective as parents, which could help explain the increased need to engage in strict,
controlling parenting behavior, said Dupre.
Authoritarian parents have high expectations from their children, with rules that they expect
their children to follow unconditionally. At the same time, though, they provide very little in the
way of feedback and severely punish any mistake, said Dupre. They tend to have lots of
regulations and micromanage almost every aspect of their children’s lives, valuing discipline over
fun.
“Research suggests that authoritarian parenting is more of a negative style of parenting as
compared to other parenting styles. This style of parenting has been associated with a variety of
negative child outcomes, including exhibiting aggressive behavior outside the home, being fearful
or overly shy around others, having difficulty in social situations due to a lack of social
competence,” she said.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “incivility” in
Paragraph 1?
A. Rudeness. B. Panic.
C. Violence. D. Argument.
5. Which of the following is NOT a feature of authoritarian parents?
A. They tend to be too strict with their children.
B. They set high standards for their children to reach.
C. They want to keep their children’s life under control.
D. They attach equal importance to discipline and fun.
6. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The cause of more authoritarian parents.
B. The harm of workplace incivility to children.
C. The different styles of parenting practices.
D. The effects of high expectations from children.
C
Little black taxis, often run-down and falling apart from decades of use, have for a long time
been a main feature of Cairo’s chaotic urban landscape. But their days may be numbered, thanks
to a new taxi replacement programme aimed at knocking out older, potentially unsafe vehicles.
The government-sponsored action, launched earlier this year, allows drivers of taxis 20 years
or older, mostly Fiats and Peugeots, to trade their cars for shiny new all-white ones at generous
rates of financing. Drivers can choose between five different locally manufactured car models.
According to officials, more than 11,000 brand new taxis, sporting trademark checked stripes
on the sides, have already hit the streets of the capital, and they’ve been welcomed enthusiastically
by passengers. Many people say that not only are the new taxis more comfortable, but they also
make the streets of Cairo far more presentable. Furthermore, taxi fares have only increased by a
small amount.
The poor condition of most black and white taxis is almost legendary. Passengers often have
to deal with windows and doors that do not open and close, and heavy, thick petrol gases. Air
conditioning is unheard of. The new all-white taxis, meanwhile, are cleaner, more fuel-efficient
and provide air conditioning on request. Furthermore, all the new taxis come equipped with
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0
学科网（北京）股份有限公司functioning fare meters, which avoids arguments and sometimes fights with passengers!
The government hopes to replace all of the capital’s 40,000 elderly black cabs soon, but not
everyone in Cairo will be happy to see them go. Hotel manager Ibrahim Al-Toukhy says that the
old black cabs were weak and run-down, and maybe even a little dangerous, but they were part of
the city, and part of Cairo’s character.
1. Which of the followings can replace the underlined word “chaotic” in paragraph 1?
A. disorderly B. fantastic C. busy D. silent
2. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the new taxis?
A. They are much more presentable.
B. Their passengers have to pay dramatically more.
C. They are much more energy-saving.
D. Only few of them provide air conditioning.
3. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The road traffic condition of Cairo
B. A taxi renewal programme launched in Cairo
C. The problems with old black Cairo taxis.
D. Various views on the new taxi replacement in Cairo
D
During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes,
which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came
my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly
but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found
myself.
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of
clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The
likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start
interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s
the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable
behavior.
Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in
elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior.”
In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring
the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We
found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their
classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can
lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."
Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play
date-sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate
and connect with others.
In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is
likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too.
"Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help
somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.
33. What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A. The classification of the popular.
B. The characteristics of adolescents.
C. The importance of interpersonal skills.
D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.
35. What is the best title for the text?
A. Be Nice-You Won’t Finish Last
B. The Higher the Status, the Beer
C. Be the Best-You Can Make It
D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness
E
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-
book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s
“me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53
percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves. Only at
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent，according to statistics from the report.
“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone，but together，you know？”Bechtel said，looking up
from her book. Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch with coworkers
sometimes，but like many of us，too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape
allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized.
“Today，I just wanted some time to myself，”she said.
Just two seats over，Andrew Mazoleny，a local videographer，is finishing his lunch at the
bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's
on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone
and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It's a chance for self-reflection, You return to work
recharged and with a plan.”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when
people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over. Now，
we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have
before al the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demerit， whose company provided the
statistics for the report.
31. What is the text mainly about?
A. The trend of having meals alone.
B. The importance of self-reflection.
C. The stress from working overtime.
D. The advantage of wireless technology.
F
Imagine someone who has spent the majority of their life sitting with a sign on the side of the
road and that very person giving someone their last 20 dollars. That’s exactly what Marine Corps
veteran (退伍军人) Johnny Bobbitt, 34, did in October in Philadelphia.
Bobbitt served in the U.S. Marine Corps and worked as a paramedic (医务辅助人员) in
Vance County, N. C. before he became homeless. Nobody knew how he got to where he was
because he was discreet about that.
One night in October, Bobbitt was sitting roadside with a sign in Philadelphia as usual, when
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司Kate McClure of Florence Township, N. J. was driving home down Interstate 95 and ran out of
gas. Scared and nervous, she got out of the car to head to the nearest gas station. As McClure was
heading to the nearest gas station, she ran into Bobbitt and he told her to get back in the vehicle
and lock the door. Minutes later, he appeared with a red gas can. He’d used his last $20 to buy her
gas.
After that unexpected meeting, McClure and her boyfriend, Mark D’Amico, who both live in
New Jersey, visited Bobbitt several times to deliver gift cards, cash, snacks and toiletries. They
then decided to create a fund raising page so he wouldn’t have to spend the holidays sleeping on
the street.
McClure started the GoFundMe page on November 10. With the page, the couple hoped to
raise $10,000, enough money for his rent, a reliable vehicle and up to six months’ expenses.
Bobbitt’s story ran in a local paper. By November 15，more than 10,000 local people had made
donations through the GoFundMe page and more than $300,000 had been raised.
On Thanksgiving, Bobbitt was resting in a hotel, his feet up on the bed, drawing up a grand
plan for his new life, thanks to several thousand dollars raised to repay him for a good deed.
4. What does the underlined word “discreet” in paragraph 2 most probably mean?
A. Doubtful. B. Cautious.
C. Guilty. D. Optimistic.
5. McClure met Bobbitt when she .
A. couldn’t find a gas station B. got to the way home
C. couldn’t unlock her car D. was in search of gas
6. It can be known from the text that .
A. Bobbitt’s story obtained wide attention
B. Bobbitt became world-famous overnight
C. the GoFundMe page collected over $400,000 for Bobbitt
D. the GoFundMe page was started to help people like Bobbitt
7. What is the best title for the text?
A. A Homeless Veteran Paid Kindness Forward
B. A Homeless Veteran Had a Generous Heart
C. A Homeless Veteran’s Kindness Paid Off
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司D. A Small Kindness Made a Big Difference
G
When we meet someone for the first time, we usually get a vague sense of what kind of
person they are by the way they shake hands, talk, or walk. In the age of social networking,
however, first impressions are sometimes made even before we actually meet someone in
person---that is, by looking at their profile photo.
According to a recent study, these social images say a lot about our personality. In the study,
presented in a paper at the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, a group of
researchers from the University of Pennsylvania in the US used software to analyze the profile
pictures of 66,000 users of US social platform Twitter and 3,200 of their tweets. At the same time,
about 434 participants were asked to complete a survey about their personality type. The
researchers wanted to find out if there was a connection between personality traits—like openness,
extroversion, and neuroticism(神经质)—and a person’s profile picture.
According to the results, open people are more likely to pose in an unusual way and use
objects such as glasses or a guitar in their profile photo because they enjoy new and exciting
experiences. Meanwhile, neurotic people often hold back their negative emotions. They try to
avoid showing their face；Instead, they use an image of something like a pet, a car or a building.
Apart from the objects in profile pictures, the colors used in them also give us some hints
about the photo’s owner. For example, extraverts were found to have the most colorful profile
images, as they want to emphasize their personality and show themselves off, the researchers
wrote.
Although social media photos “usually represent an extension of one’s self, they also allow a
user to shape his or her own personality and idealized view,” according to the researchers. So,
when choosing a profile photo, maybe we should ask ourselves first what kind of image we’d like
to convey. After all, first impressions always last.
28. What helps form the first impressions with the development of network?
A. Shaking hands B. Greetings C. Profile pictures D. Gestures
29. What’s the purpose of the study?
A. To analyze the users’ preference.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司B. To conduct a survey about personality type.
C. To explore the formation of first impression.
D. To seek out the link between characters and profile photos.
30. According to the study, an outgoing person may.
A. choose a puppy dog as an image B. share a distinct pose in his photo
C. fill his profile photo with light colors D. care little about his image
31. What is the best title for the text?
A. Be Mindful of Your Personality B. Make Use of Your Social Image
C. First Impressions Make a Difference D. Profile Photos Reveal Your
Personality
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