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2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（二）
（科目代码：204）
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2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark
A, B, C or Don the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But
defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedl very 1 , particularl
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since children respond differentl to the same st le of parenting. A calm,
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rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, 2 ,
a ounger sibling.
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3 , there's another sort of parent that's a bit easier to 4 : a patient parent.
Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, 5 every parent would like to
be patient, this is no eas 6 . Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are
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unable to maintain a_]_ and composed style with their kids. I understand this.
You're onl human, and sometimes our kids can 8 ou just a little too far.
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And then the 9 happens: You lose our patience and either scream at our kids
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or sa something that was a bit too 10 and does nobody an good. You wish that
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ou could 11 the clock and start over, We've all been there.
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12 , even though it's common, it's important to keep in mind that in a single
moment of fatigue. ou can sa something to our child that ou ma 13 for
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a long time. This ma not onl do damage to our relationship with our child but
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also 14 our child's self-esteem.
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If ou consistentl lose our 15 with our kids. then ou are inadvertentl
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modeling a lack of emotional control for our kids. We are all becoming increasingl
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aware of the 16 of modeling tolerance and patience for the ounger generation.
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This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionall
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regulate or mamtam emot10nal control when 17 b stress 1s one of the most
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important of all life's skills.
Certainl , it's incredibl 18 to maintain patience at all times with our
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children. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of our ability, to be as tolerant
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and composed as ou can when faced with 19 situations involving our
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children. I can promise ou this: As a result of working toward this goal. ou and
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our children will benefit and 20 from stressful moments feeling better ph sicall
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and emotionall .
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英语（二）试题 . 1 . (共 14 页）1. [A] tedious [B] pleasant [C] instructive [D] tricky
2. [A] in addition [B] for example [C] at once [D] by accident
3. [A] Fortunately [B] Occasionally [C] Accordingly [D] Eventually
4. [A] amuse [B] assist [C] describe [D] train
5. [A] while [B] because [C] unless [D] once
6. [A] answer [B] task [C] choice [D] access
7. [A] tolerant [B] formal [C] rigid [D] critical
8. [A] move [B] drag [C] push [D] send
9. [A] mysterious [B] illogical [C] suspicious [D] inevitable
10. [A] boring [B] naive [C] harsh [D] vague
11. [A] tum back [B] take apart [C] set aside [D] cover up
12. [A] Overall [B] Instead [C] However [D] Otherwise
13. [A] like [B] miss [C] believe [D] regret
14. [A] raise [B] affect [C]justify [D] reflect
15. [A] time [B] bond [C] race [D] cool
16. [A] nature [B] secret [C ] importance [D] context
17. [A] cheated [B] defeated [C ] confused [D] confronted
18. [A] terrible [B] hard [C] strange [D] wrong
19. [A] trying [B] changing [C] exciting [D] surprising
20. [A] hide [B] emerge [C] withdraw [D] escape
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directios:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,
C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
英语（二）试题 . 2 . (共 14 页）微信公众号【鱼哥考研】免费分享最新考研干货资料
Text 1
Rats and other animals need to be hi hl attuned to social signals from others so
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the can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this
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extends to non-livin bein s, Laleh Quinn at the University of California, San Die o,
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and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.
The housed ei ht adult rats with two types of robotic rat—one social and one
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asocial for four da s.The robot rats were quite minimalist, resemblin a chunkier
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version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markin s.
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Durin the experiment, the social robot rat followed the livin rats around,
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played with the same to s, and opened ca e doors to let trapped rats escape.
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Meanwhile, the asocial robot simpl moved forwards and backwards and side to side.
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Next, the researchers trapped the robots in ca es and ave the rats the
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opportunit to release them b pressin a lever.Across 18 trials each, the livin rats
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were 52 per cent more likel on avera e to set the social robot free than the asocial
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one. This su ests that the rats perceived the social robot as a enuine social bein ,
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sa s Quinn. The rats ma have bonded more with the social robot because it
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displa ed behaviors like communal explorin and pla in . This could lead to the rats
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better rememberin havin freed it earlier, and wantin the robot to return the favour
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when the et trapped, she sa s .
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"Rats have been shown to en a e in multiple forms of reciprocal help and
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cooperation, includin what is referred to as direct reciprocit where a rat will help
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another rat that has previousl helped them," sa s Quinn.
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The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprisin iven its
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minimal design.The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple
plastic box on wheels. " We'd assumed we'd have to ive it a movin head and tail,
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facial features, and put a scent on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn't
necessary, " sa s Janet Wiles at the Universit of Queensland in Australia, who
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helped with the research.
The findin shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when the come
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from basic robots. sa s Wiles. Similarl , children tend to treat robots as if the are
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fellow bein s, even when the displa onl simple social signals. "We humans seem
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to be fascinated b robots, and it turns out other animals are too," sa s Wiles.
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英语（二）试题 . 3 . (共 14 页）21. Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can .
[A]pick up social signals from non-living rats
[B]distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one
[C] attain sociable traits through special training
[D] send out warning messages to their fellows
22.What did the asocial robot do during the periment?
眈
[A]It followed the social robot.
[B] It played with some toys.
[C] It set the trapped rats free.
[D] It moved around alone.
23.According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they
[A]tried to practice a means of escape.
[B]expected it to do the same in return.
[C]wanted to display their intelligence.
[D]considered that an血eresting game.
24.James Wiles notes that rats
[A]can remember other rats'facial features.
[B]differentiate smells better than sizes.
[C]respond more to actions than to looks.
[D]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels.
25.It can be learned from the text that rats
[A] appear to be adaptable to new surroundings
[B] are more socially active than other animals
[C] behave differently from children in socializing
[D] are more sensitive to social cues than expected
英语（二）试题 . 4 . (共 14 页）微信公众号【鱼哥考研】免费分享最新考研干货资料
Text2
It is true that CEO pa has one up top ones ma make 300 times the pa of
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typical workers on avera e, and since the mid-1970s, CEO pa for lar e publicl
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traded American corporations has, b varyin estimates, one up b about 500%. The
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typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about $18.9 million a ear.
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The best model for understandin the growth of CEO pa is that of limited CEO
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talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are rowin rapidl .
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The efforts of America' s hi
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hest-earnin
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1% have been one of the more d ynamic
elements of the lobal econom . It's not popular to sa . but one reason their pa has
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one up so much is that CEOs reall have upped their ame relative to man other
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workers in the U.S. econom .
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Today' s CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many mere skills
than simpl bein able to "run the compan ." CEOs must have a ood sense of
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financial markets and ma be even how the compan should trade in them . The also
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need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor
slipup can be significant. Then there's the fact that lar e American companies are
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much more lobalized than ever before, with suppl chains spread across a lar er
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number of countries. To lead in that s stem requires knowled e that is fairl
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mind-bo lin . Plus, virtuall all major American companies are becomin tech
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companies, one wa or another. Be ond this, major CEOs still have to do all the
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da -to-da work the have always done.
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The common idea that hi h CEO pa is mainl about rippin people off doesn't
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explain history very well. B most measures, corporate overnance has become a lot
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ti hter and more ri orous since the 1970s. Yet it is principall durin this period of
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stron er overnance that CEO pa has been hi h and risin . That su ests it is in the
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broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasin l tou h jobs.
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Furthermore, the hi hest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to the
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cozy insider picks, another sign that hi h CEO pa is not some kind of depredation at
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the expense of the rest of the compan . And the stock market reacts positivel when
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companies tie CEO pa to, sa , stock prices, a sign that those practices build up
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corporate value not just for the CEO.
英语（二）试题 . 5 . (共 14 页）26. Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?
[A] The growth in the number of corporations.
[B] The general pay rise with a better economy.
[C] Increased business opportunities for top firms.
[D] Close cooperation among leading economies.
27. Compared with their predecessors, today's CEOs are required to .
[A] foster a stronger sense of teamwork
[B] finance more research and development
[C] establish closer ties with tech companies
[D] operate more globalized companies
28. CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite .
[A] continual internal opposition
[B] strict corporate governance
[C] conservative business strategies
[D] repeated government warnings
29. High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps .
[A] confirm the status of CEOs
[B] motive inside candidates
[C] boost the efficiency of CEOs
[D] increase corporate value
30. The most suitable title for this text would be
[A] CEOs Are Not Overpaid
[B] CEO Pay: Past and Present
[C] CEOs'Challenges of Today
[D] CEO Traits: Not Easy to Define
英语（二）试题 . 6 . (共 14 页）微信公众号【鱼哥考研】免费分享最新考研干货资料
Text3
Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out
ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars. Seven months and one election da
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later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, a
first step toward its possible demise.
Ma or Jose Luis Martinez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of
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his election campaign, despite its success in improving air qualit . A judge has now
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overruled the cit 's decision to stop levying fines, ordering them reinstated. But with
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legal battles ahead, the zone's future looks uncertain at best.
Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must emplo when left to tackle
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dirty air on their own are politicall contentious, and therefore vulnerable. That's
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because the inevitabl put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers—who
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must pa fees or bu better vehicles—rather than on to the car manufacturers whose
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cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.
It's not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London. The new
ultra-low emission zone (Ulez) is likel to be a big issue in next ear's mayoral
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election. And if Sadiq khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads
in 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number
of motorists who will then be affected.
It's not that measures such as London's Ulez are useless. Far from it. Local
officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents' health
in the face of a serious threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality,
and the science tells us that means real health benefits fewer heart attacks, strokes
and premature births, less cancer, dementia and asthma. Fewer untimel deaths.
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But ma ors and councilors can onl do so much about a problem that is far
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bigger than an one city or town. The are acting because national governments
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Britain's and others across Europe have failed to do so.
Restrictions that keep highl polluting cars out of certain areas city centres,
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"school streets", even individual roads are a response to the absence of a larger
effort to properl enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring
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their vehicles into compliance. Wales has introduced special low speed limits
to minimise pollution. We're doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up
their cars.
英语（二）试题 . 7 . (共 14 页）31. Which of the following is true about Madrid's clean air zone?
[A] Its effects are questionable.
[B] It has been opposed by a judge.
[C] It needs tougher enforcement.
[D] Its fate is yet to be decided.
32. Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?
[A] They are biased against car manufacturers.
[B] They prove impractical for city councils.
[C] They are deemed too mild for politicians.
[D] They put too much burden on individual motorists.
33. The author believes that the extension of London's Ulez will
[A] arouse strong resistance
[B] ensure Khan's electoral success
[C] improve the city's traffic
[D] discourage car manufacturing
34. Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?
[A] Local residents
[B] Mayors.
[C] Councilors.
[D]National governments.
35. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies .
[A] will raise low-emission car production
[B] should be forced to follow regulations
[C] will upgrade the design of their vehicles
[D] should be put under public supervision
英语（二）试题 . 8 . (共 14 页）微信公众号【鱼哥考研】免费分享最新考研干货资料
Text4
Now that members of Generation Z are graduatin colle e this sprin the most
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commonl -accepted definition sa s this eneration was born after 1995, ive or take
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a ear—the attention has been risin steadil in recent weeks. Gen Zs are about to hit
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the streets lookin for work in a labor market that's ti hter than it's been in decades.
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And emplo ers are plannin on hirin about 17 percent more new raduates for jobs
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in the U.S. this ear than last, accordin to a surve conducted b the National
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Association of Colle es and Emplo ers. Everybod wants to know how the people
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who will soon inhabit those empt office cubicles will differ from those who came
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before them.
If "entitled" is the most con皿on adjective, fairl
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or not, applied to
millennials (those born between 1981 and 1995), the catchwords for Generation
Z are practical and cautious. Accordin to the career counselors and experts who
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stud them, Generation Zs are clear-e ed, economic pra matists. Despite
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graduatin into the best econom in the past 50 ears, Gen Zs know what an
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economic train wreck looks like. The were impressionable kids durin the crash
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of 2008, when man of their parents lost their jobs or their life savin s or both.
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The aren't interested in takin an chances. The boomin econom seems to
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have done little to assuage this underl in enerational sense of anxious ur enc ,
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especiall for those who have colle e debt. Colle e loan balances in the U.S.
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now stand at a record $1.5 trillion, accordin to the Federal Reserve.
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One surve from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduatin seniors this ear
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chose their major with a job in mind. In a 2019 surve of Universit of Geor ia
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students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future
emplo er was the ability to offer secure emplo ment (followed b professional
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development and trainin , and then inspirin purpose). Job security or stability was
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the second most important career oal(work-life balance was number one), followed
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b a sense of bein dedicated to a cause or to feel ood about servin the greater ood.
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That's a bi chan e from the previous eneration. "Millennials wanted more
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flexibility in their lives," notes Tan a Michelsen, Associate Director of Y outhSi ht, a
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UK-based brand mana er that conducts .regular 60-da surve s of British outh, in
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findin s that mi ht just as well appl to American outh. "Generation Zs are lookin
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for more certainty and stability, because of the rise of the i econom . The have
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troubles seein a financial future and the are quite risk averse."
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英语（二）试题 . 9 . (共 14 页）36. Generation Zs graduating college this spring .
[A]are recognized for their abilities
[B]are optimistic about the labor market
[C]are in favor of office job offers
[D]are drawing growing public attention
37 . Generation Zs are keenly aware .
[A]what their parents expect of them
[B] how valuable a counselor's advice is
[C]what a tough economic situation is like
[D]how they differ from past generations
38. The word "assuage"(line 9, para. 2) is closet in meaning to .
[A]deepen
[B]define
[C]maintain
[D]relieve
39. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that Generation Zs
—·
[A]give top priority to professional training
[B] have a clear idea about their future job
[C]care little about their job performance
[D]think it hard to achieve work-life balance
40. Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials, Generation Zs are .
[A]less realistic
[B]less adventurous
[C]more diligent
[D]more generous
英语（二）试题 . 10 . (共 14 页）微信公众号【鱼哥考研】免费分享最新考研干货资料
PartB
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions b choosing the most suitable
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subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra
subheadings which ou do not need to use. Mark our answers·on the ANSWER
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SHEET. (10 points)
[A] Give compliments, just not too man .
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[B] Put on a good face, alwa s.
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[C] Tailor our interactions.
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[D] Spend time with everyone.
[E] Reveal, don't hide, information.
[F] Slow down and listen.
[G] Put ourselves in others'shoes.
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Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the Office
Is it possible to like everyone in our office? Think about how tough it is to get
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together 15 people, much less 50, who all get along perfectl . But unlike in
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friendships, ou need coworkers. You work with them every da , and ou depend on
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them just as the depend on ou. Here are some wa s that ou can get the whole
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office on our side.
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41.
If ou have a bone to pick with someone in our workplace, ou may try to sta
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tight-lipped around them. But ou won't be helping either one of ou. A Harvard
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Business School stud found that observers consistentl rated those who were upfront
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about themselves more highl , while those who hid lost trustworthiness. The lesson is
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not that ou should make our personal life an open book, but rather, when given the
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option to offer up details about ourself or studiousl stash them awa , ou should
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just be honest.
42.
Just as important as being honest about ourself is being receptive to others. We
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often feel the need to tell others how we feel, whether it's a concern about a project, a
英语（二）试题 . 11 . (共 14 页）stra thought, or a compliment. Those are all valid, but ou need to take time to hear
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out our coworkers, too. In fact, rushing to get our own ideas out there can cause
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colleagues to feel ou don't value their opinions. Do our best to engage coworkers m
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a genuine, back-and-forth conversation, rather than prioritizing our own thoughts.
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43.
It's con皿on to have a "cubicle mate" or special confidant in a work setting. But
in addition to those trusted coworkers, ou should expand our horizons and find out
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about all the people around ou. Use our lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with
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colleagues ou don't alwa s see. Find out about their lives and interests be ond the
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job. It requires minimal effort and goes a long wa . This will help to grow our
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internal network, in addition to being a nice break in the work da .
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44.
Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear. And ou don't have to be
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someone's boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project. This
will help engender good will in others. But don't overdo it or be fake about it. One
study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to
positive, possibl because it suggested they had won somebody over.
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45.
This one ma be a bit more difficult to pull off, but it can go a long wa to
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achieving results. Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an
interaction. Watch out for how the verbalize with others. Some people like small
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talk in a meeting before digging into important matters, while others are more
straightforward. Jokes that work on one person won't necessarily land with another.
So, adapt our st le accordingl to type. Consider the person that you're dealing with
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in advance and what will get ou to our desired outcome.
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英语（二）试题 . 12 . (共 14 页）微信公众号【鱼哥考研】免费分享最新考研干货资料
Section III Translation
46. Directions
Translate the following text into Chinese. Write our translation on the ANSWER
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SHEET. (15 points)
It's almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of
failure. But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirel up to us to decide
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how to look at it.
We can choose to see failure as "the end of the world". Or, we can look at failure
as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something,
we can choose to look for the lesson we're meant to learn. These lessons are very
important; the 're how we grow, and how we keep from making that same mistake
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again. Failures stop us onl ifwe let them.
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Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have
learned otherwise. For instance, failure can help ou discover how strong a person
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ou are. Failing at something can help ou discover our truest friends, or help ou
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find unexpected motivation to succeed.
英语（二）试题 . 13 . (共 14 页）Section IV Writing
Part A
47.Directions:
Suppose you are planning a tour of a historical site for a group of international
students. Write an email to
l)tell them about the site, and
2)give them some tips for the tour.
Please write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name, use "Li Ming" instead (10 points)
PartB
48.Directions:
Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should
1)interpret the chart, and
2)give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
学习知识59.5%
某高校学生手机阅读目的调查
英语（二）试题 . 14 . (共 14 页）
