文档内容
2025 Text1
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）U.S.customers historically tipped people they assumed were earning most oftheirincomevia
tips,suchas restaurant servers earning less than theminimumwage.
（2）In theearly 2010s,awide range ofbusinesses started processing purchases with iPadsand other
digital payment systems.
（3）These systems often prompted customers totip for services thatwere notpreviously tipped.
【第二段】
（1）Today's tip requests are often not connected to thesalary and service norms that used to
determine when and how peopletip.（2）Customersin thepast nearly always paidtips after receiving aservice,such as at theconclusion
ofarestaurant meal,after getting ahaircut oronce apizzawas delivered.
（3）That timingcould reward high-quality service and give workers an incentivetoprovide it.
【第三段】
（1）It's becoming morecommon for tips tobe requested beforehand.And newtipping technology
may even automatically add tips.
【第四段】
（1）Theprevalence of digital payment devices has madeit easier toask customers for atip.
（2）That helps explainwhy tiprequests are creeping into newkinds ofservices.
（3）Customers now routinely seemenus of suggested default options—often well above 20%ofwhat
they owe.（4）Theamounts have risen from 10%orless in the1950s to 15%around theyear 2000to20%or
highertoday.
（5）Thisincrease is sometimes called tipflation—theexpectation ofever-higher tipamounts.
【第五段】
（1）Tippinghas always been avital source ofincome for workers inhistorically tipped services,like
restaurants,wherethe tippedminimumwage can beas lowas US$2.13 an hour.
（2）Tip creep and tipflationare nowfurther supplementing theincome ofmanylow-wage service
workers.
【第六段】
（1）Notably,tippingprimarily benefits someofthese workers,such as waiters, but not others,such as
cooks and dishwashers.
（2）To ensure that all employees were paid fairwages,some restaurants banned tipping andincreased
prices,but this movement toward no-tippingservices has largely fizzled out.【第七段】
（1）So,toincrease employee wages without raising prices,more employers are succumbing to the
temptationsof tipcreep and tipflation.
（2）However,many customers are frustrated becausethey feel they are being asked fortoo high ofa
tip,toooften.
（3）And,as our research emphasizes,tipping nowseems to be morecoercive,less generous and often
completely disassociated from service quality.
【题目】
21.Accordingto Paragraph 1,thepractice of tippinginthe U.S. .
[A]was regarded as a sign of generosity
[B]was considered essential forwaiters
[C]was away ofrewarding diligence
[D] was optional in mostbusinesses题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
22.Compared with tips inthe past,today'stips .
[A]are paidmuch less frequently
[B]are less often requested in advance
[C]have less to dowithservice quality
[D] contribute less to workers 'income
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
23.Tiprequests are creeping intonew kindsof services as aresultof .
[A]theadvancement of technology
[B]thedesire for incomeincrease
[C]thediversification ofbusiness
[D] theemergence oftipflation
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
24.Themovementtowardno-tipping services wasintendedto .
[A]promote consumption
[B]enrich incomesources[C]maintain reasonableprices
[D] guarantee income fairness
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
25.Itcan belearned fromthelastparagraph thattipping
[A]isbecoming aburden forcustomers
[B]helps encourage quality service
[C]is vitalto business development
[D] reflects theneed to reduce prices
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2025 Text2
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）When itwas established,theNational Health Service(NHS)was visionary: offering
high-quality,timely caretomeet the dominantneeds of thepopulationit served.（2）Nearly 75years on,with theUKfacing very different health challenges,it isclear that themodel
is outofdate.
【第二段】
（1）From lifeexpectancy tocancer and infant mortalityrates,we are lagging behind many ofour
peers.
（2）With morethan 6.8million onwaitlists,healthcare is becoming increasingly inaccessiblefor
thosewhocannot optto pay forprivate treatment;and thecost ofproviding healthcare is increasingly
squeezing outinvestment in other publicservices.
（3）As demand for healthcare continues to grow, pressures ontheworkforce—which isalready near
breaking point—will only become moreacute.
【第三段】
（1）Manyofthe answers tothe crisis in health andcare are well rehearsed.（2）Weneed to be much betterat reducing and diverting demand onhealth services,rather than
simplymanaging it.
（3）Muchmore needs to beinvested in communities and primary careto reduceour reliance on
hospitals.
（4）And capacity insocial careneeds tobegreater,to support thegrowing number ofpeople living
withlong-term conditions.
【第四段】
（1）Yet despitetwo decades ofstrategies and a numberofmajorhealth reforms, wehave failed to
makemeaningful progress onany ofthese aims.
（2）That is why theReform thinktank is launching a newprogramme of work entitled"Reimagining
health”,supported byten former health ministers.（3）Together,we are calling for amuch moreopenand honest conversation about thefuture ofhealth
inthe UK,and an"urgent rethink"of thehospital-centric model weretain.
【第五段】
（1）Thismust begin with thequestion ofhow wemaximisethehealth of thenation,rather than
"fix"the NHS.
（2）It isestimated,for example,that healthcare accounts foronly about 20%of health outcomes.
（3）Muchmore importantare theplaces welive,work andsocialise—yet thereis noclear
cross-government strategy for improvingthese social determinants of health.
（4）Worse,when policies likethenational obesity strategy are scrapped,taxpayers are left with the
heavy pricetag of treating the illnesses,likediabetes,that result.【第六段】
（1）Reform wants toask howpower and resources shouldbe distributedin our health system.
（2）Whathealth functions should remain at the centre,and what shouldbe given tolocal leaders,often
responsiblefor services that createhealth,and with amuch better understanding oftheneeds oftheir
populations?
【题目】
26.Accordingto the firsttwo paragraphs,theNHS .
[A]istroubled byfunding deficiencies
[B]can hardly satisfy people's needs
[C]can barely retain its current employees
[D] isrivalled byprivatemedical services
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
27.Oneanswer to the crisis inhealth andcare is to .
[A]boosttheefficiency ofhospitals
[B]lighten theburden onsocial care
[C]increase resources for primary care
[D] reduce thepressure oncommunities题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
28."Reimagining health"is aimed to .
[A]reinforce hospitalmanagement
[B]readjust healthcare regulations
[C]restructure thehealth system
[D] resumesuspended health reforms
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
29.To maximise thenation'shealth,theauthorsuggests .
[A]introducing relevant taxation policies
[B]paying due attention tosocial factors
[C]reevaluating majorhealth outcomes
[D] enhancing thequality ofhealth care
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
30.Itcan beinferred thatlocal leaders should .
[A]exercisetheir powermore reasonably
[B]develop astronger senseof responsibility[C]play a bigger roleinthehealth system
[D] understand people's health needs better
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2025 Text3
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）Heat action plans,orHAPs,have been proliferating inIndia in thepast few years.
（2）In general,an HAP spells outwhen andhowofficials should issueheat warnings and alert
hospitalsand otherinstitutions.
（3）Nagpur's plan,forinstance, calls for hospitalsto set aside"cold wards"in thesummerfor treating
heatstroke patients,and advises builders to give construction laborers abreak from work onvery hot
days.【第二段】
（1）But implementation ofexisting HAPs has been uneven,according to areport from theCenter for
PolicyResearch.Many lack adequate funding,it found.
（2）And theirtriggering thresholds often are not customized to thelocal climate.
（3）In someareas,high daytime temperatures alonemight serve as an adequate trigger for alerts.
（4）But in otherplaces,nighttime temperatures orhumidity might beas important a gauge ofrisk as
daytimehighs.
【第三段】
（1）Mumbai's April heat strokedeaths highlighted theneed formore nuanced and localized
warnings,researchers say.（2）That day's high temperature ofroughly 36℃ was 1℃ shyof heheat wave alert threshold for
coastal cities set bynational meteorological authorities.
（3）But theeffects oftheheat were amplified byhumidity—anoften neglected factor inheat alert
systems—and thelack ofshadeat thelate-morning outdoorceremony.
【第四段】
（1）To helpimproveHAPs,urban planner Kotharkar's team isworking onamodel plan that outlines
best practices and could beadapted to local conditions Among otherthings,she says,all cities should
createa vulnerability map to help focus responses onthepopulations most at risk.
【第五段】
（1）Such mapping doesn't need to be complex,Kotharkar says."A useful mapcan be created by
lookingat even a fewkey parameters."
（2）For example,neighborhoods with alarge elderly populationorinformal dwellings that cope
poorly with heat could get special warnings orbe bolstered with cooling centers.（3）TheNagpur project has already created arisk and vulnerability map,which enabled Kotharkar to
tellofficials which neighborhoods to focus onin theevent ofaheat wave this summer.
【第六段】
（1）HAPs shouldn't justinclude short-term emergency responses,researchers say,but also recommend
medium-to long-term measures that could make communitiescooler.
（2）In Nagpur,for example,Kotharkar's team has been able toadvise city officials about where to
plant trees to provide shade.
（3）HAPs could also guide efforts toretrofit homes ormodify buildingregulations.
（4）"Reducing deaths in an emergency is good target tohave,but it's thelowest target,"says climate
researcherChandni Singh.【题目】
31.Accordingto Paragraph 1,Nagpur'splanproposes measures to .
[A]tackleextremeweather
[B]ensure construction quality
[C]monitoremergency warnings
[D] address excessive workloads
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
32.Oneproblem withexisting HAPs is thatthey .
[A]provetoo costly to beimplemented
[B]lack localizedallert-issuing criteria
[C]give delayed responses toheat waves
[D] keep hospitals under great pressure
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
33.Mumbai'scase shows thatIndia'sheat alert systems need to .
[A]includeotherfactors besides temperature
[B]take subtleweather changes intoaccount
[C]prioritizepotentiallydisastrous heat waves
[D] drawfurther support from local authorities题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
34.Kotharkarholds thatavulnerability map can help .
[A]prevent the harm of high humidity
[B]target areas needing special attention
[C]expand theNagpur project's coverage
[D] makerelief plans for heat-stricken people
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
35.Accordingto the lastparagraph,researchers suggest thatHAPs should .
[A]focus more ontheheatstroke treatment
[B]invitewiderpublicparticipation
[C]apply for moregovernment grants
[D] serve abroaderrange of purposes
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D2025 Text4
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）Navigating beyond the organised pavements and parks ofour urban spaces, desire paths are the
unofficial footprints of acommunity,revealing the unspokenpreferences,shared shortcuts and
collectivechoices of humans.
（2）Often appearing as trodden dirt tracks through otherwise neat green spaces,these routes of
collectivedisobedience cut corners,bisect lawns and cross hills,representing thenatural capability of
people(and animals)to go from point Ato point Bmost effectively.
【第二段】
（1）Urban planners interpret desire paths as more thanjustconvenient shortcuts; they offer valuable
insights into thedynamics between planning and behaviour.
（2）Ohio StateUniversity allowed its students tonavigate the Oval,alawn in thecentre ofcampus ,
freely, then proceeded to pavethe desirepaths,creating aweb of effectiveroutes students hadestablished.
【第三段】
（1）Yet,reluctance persists among otherplanners to integrate desire paths into formal plans,citing
concerns about safety,environmental impact,orprimarily, aesthetics.
（2）AReddit webpage devoted tothephenomenon,boasting nearly 50,000members,showcases
images oflocal desire pathsadorned with signs instructing pedestrians toadhere todesignated
walkways, underscoring therebellious nature inherent in thesehuman-made tracks.
（3）Thisclash highlights an ongoing struggle between the organic,user-driven evolution ofpublic
spaces and thedesire fora visually curated and controlled urban environment.
【第四段】
（1）The Wickquasgeck Trail is an exampleofahistorical desirepath,created byNative Americans to
cross theforests ofManhattan and movebetween settlements quickly.（2）Thistrail,when Dutch colonistsarrived,was widened and made intooneof themain trade roads
across theisland,known at thetimeas deHeere Straat, orGentlemen's Street.
（3）Following theBritish assumption ofcontrol in New York, thestreet was renamed Broadway.
（4）Notably,Broadway stands out as oneof thefew areas in NYC that defies thegrid-based system
applied to therest of thecity, cutting adiagonal across parts ofthecity.
【第五段】
（1）In onlinespaces,desire paths havesparked afascination that can approach obsession,with the
Redditpage serving as ahub.
（2）Contributorsoffer awidearray ofstories,from little-known new shortcuts to long-established
alternateroutes.【第六段】
（1）Animal desirepaths,such as ducks forging trails through frozen ponds ordogs carving direct
routes in gardens,highlight theadaptability of thesetrails in bothhuman and animal experiences.
（2）As desire paths criss-cross through both physical and virtuallandscapes,they stand as a proofof
thecollective insistenceonforging unconventional routes and embracing thespirit ofcommunal
choice.
【题目】
36.Accordingto Paragraph 1,desirepathsare aresult of .
[A]thecuriosity toexploresurrounding hills
[B]thenecessity to preserve green spaces
[C]thetendency to pursueconvenience
[D] thewish tofind comfort insolitude
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
37.Itcan beinferred thatOhioState University .
[A]intendsto improveits desire paths
[B]leads intheresearch ondesirepaths
[C]guides thecreation of itsdesire paths
[D] takes apositiveview ofdesire paths题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
38.Theimages on theRedditwebpagereflect .
[A]conflicting opinionsontheuse ofdesire paths
[B]thecall toupgrade thedesigning of publicspaces
[C]thedemand forproper planningofdesire paths
[D] growing concerns over theloss ofpublicspaces
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
39.Theexampleofthe Wickquasgeck Trailillustrates .
[A]thegrowth ofNew York City
[B]theDutch origin of desirepaths
[C]theimportance ofurban planning
[D] therecognition of desirepaths
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
40.Itcan belearned fromthelastparagraph thatdesire paths .
[A]reveal humans'deep respect fornature
[B]are crucial to humans'mental well-being[C]are a human imitation ofanimal behaviour
[D] showashared trait in humans and animals
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D2025年英译汉真题（英语二）
【第一段】
（1）You knowthemoment—theconversation slows,then there's apause.
（2）It's awkward,and soawkward that somepeople willpanic andsay anything.Do weall find such
silences so stressful?
【第二段】
（1）Researchers analysed the frequency and impact of gaps greaterthan 2seconds during
conversations ,includingan overview ofprevious studieswhich indicatethat thefearof awkward
silences can be soextremethat people avoid talking to strangers,even though doing so islikely to be
an enjoyable experience.
【第三段】
（1）During conversations with short gaps,peoplefeel more connected to theirconversation partners.
（2）But such feelings ofconnection markedly dip whenentering alonggap.Long gaps between
strangers are likelytobe followed byachange in topic.【第四段】
（1）But theoppositeseems tobe truefor conversations between friends.Long gaps there saw
increased connection.
（2）Between friends,longer gaps seem toprovide natural moments for reflection anexpression.
