文档内容
专练七 科技类说明文
A
(2021·云南省第一次高中毕业生统一检测)
This year，new technologies will enable more drivers to take their hands off the
steering wheel (方向盘) while on the road.But that doesn’t mean their cars will be
fully self－driving—that day still remains far in the future.
Automakers like General Motors (GM)，Ford and Stellantis are introducing，or
upgrading existing technologies.But in the words of Kay Stepper ，an automated
driving expert，these systems are “ feet off” and “ hands off”，but they will not be “
eyes off” or “ mind off”．
For the time being，these systems will only be used on limited－access highways，
where there are no pedestrians or bicyclists.Vehicles with this technology will be able
to drive at relatively high speeds，but only in simple traffic situations.
Bryan Reimer ， a researcher with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s
AgeLab，said it will be decades before people can buy truly self－driving cars in
which humans ride as passengers.
Still，the technology that will be rolled out by the major automakers this year will do
more than most so－called Advanced Driver Assistance Systems，or ADAS，do now.
GM’s Super Cruise system allows drivers to completely let go of the steering wheel
while driving on selected highways.It was introduced in 2017 on the Cadillac CT6
sedan，which was discontinued last year.An improved version is coming this year on
the Cadillac Escalade SUV and the Cadillac CT4 and CT5 sedans.
Super Cruise only works on highways that have been previously laser－mapped in
three dimensions.GPS positioning and the vehicles’ radar sensors ( 传感器) and
cameras are used to enable drivers to unhand all the controls.
Drivers still need to pay attention，however.A camera in the car makes sure the driver
is looking at the road at all times.If the driver looks away from the road for more than
a few seconds，the system will stop working.【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。今年新技术将会使司机开车时不用手扶方向盘了，
但是那并不意味着他们的车是完全自动驾驶的，完全自动驾驶的日子依然很远。
1．At present，what can the self－driving cars do?
A．They can drive freely on city streets.
B．They can run without human drivers.
C．They handle complex road conditions on their own.
D．They allow drivers to take their hands off the steering wheel.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第一段首句可知，今年新科技会使司机开车时不用
手操控方向盘，故答案为D。]
【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
2．What does Paragraph 6 mainly talk about?
A．GM’s Super Cruise system.
B．GM’s latest car models.
C．GM’s development plan.
D．GM’s close competitors.
答案 A [段落大意题。通过第六段可知，本段主要介绍了 GM 的 Super Cruise
系统的作用、推出时间以及最新版本。]
3．What can we infer from the words of Kay Stepper in Paragraph 2?
A．People need to trust new technology.
B．People still need to pay attention.
C．People can look away from the road.
D．People can’t unhand all the controls.
答案 B [推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，Kay Stepper 说这些系统能使人
们开车时不用脚或手，但人们还需要用眼用脑，由此可推知人们开车时仍需要投
入注意力。]
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．It’s High Time to Get a New Car
B．The Industrial Revolution Is Underway
C．Super Cruise Does More than Most ADAS
D．The Real Self－driving Remains Far
答案 D [标题归纳题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段中的“But that doesn’tmean...in the future.”以及最后一段中的“Drivers still need to pay attention”可知，
新技术将会使司机开车时不用手扶方向盘了，但是那并不意味着他们的车是完全
自动驾驶的，完全自动驾驶的日子依然很远。]
B
(2021·南京市、盐城市高三一模)
Starman, the dummy (人体模型) riding a cherry－red Tesla Roadster (特斯拉跑车)
through space, has made its closest approach ever to Mars.The electric roadster and its
passenger were attached to the top of a Falcon Heavy rocket during the SpaceX
rocket’s first test launch on 6 February, 2018.
Two years later, the Falcon Heavy rocket and the vehicle at its tip are making their
second trip around the Sun.Mr.McDowell, a Harvard astrophysicist, found that
Starman would be 7.4 million kilometers away from Mars on 7 October, 2020.
The closest recent distance between the Earth and Mars was about 56 million
kilometers in 2003, though the planets are often hundreds of millions of miles apart
depending on where they are in their orbits.No one can see the Falcon Heavy rocket at
its current distance, but orbits over periods of a few years are fairly straightforward to
predict, and Mr.McDowell used data about how the rocket was moving when it left
the Earth’s gravity behind to locate its recent movements exactly.
Last time Starman circled the Sun, McDowell said, and it crossed Mars’ orbit while
the Red Planet was quite far away.But this time the crossing would be completed
within a fairly close distance, though still not close enough to feel a strong tug from
Mars.
At this point in time, if you were able to go look at the Roadster, it would probably
look pretty different.The strong solar radiation environment between the planets
would probably have destroyed all the exposed organic materials.
Without the Earth’s atmospheric and magnetic (磁场的) protection, even the plastics
and carbon－fibre materials would start to break up.Over the course of decades or
centuries, the car will end up with its aluminium (铝) frame and hard glass parts—
that’s assuming that none of them get destroyed in impacts with passing space rocks.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。主要讲述了安装在SpaceX猎鹰重型火箭上的特斯拉跑车和人体模型Starman进行第二次绕太阳飞行，此次飞行已经相当接近火星
5．What can we know from the first two paragraphs?
A．Starman is now circling around the Earth in its orbit.
B．Starman has set out on its second trip around the Sun.
C．Starman has traveled 7.4 million kilometers after launch.
D．Starman still has a long way to go before getting to Mars.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the Falcon Heavy rocket and the
vehicle at its tip are making their second trip around the Sun”可知，Starman已经开
始了它的第二次绕太阳飞行，故B项正确。]
6．How did McDowell manage to locate Starman?
A．By keeping Starman under visual observation.
B．By predicting its future orbit around the Earth.
C．By seeking professional help from SpaceX.
D．By analyzing data about the rocket’s movements.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Mr.McDowell used data about...to
locate its recent movements exactly”可知，麦克道尔先生通过分析火箭运行的数据
成功定位Starman，故D项正确。]
7．The underlined word “tug” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ________．
A．pull B．drive
C．resistance D．pressure
答案 A [词句猜测题。根据上文中的“this time the crossing would be completed
within a fairly close distance，though still not close enough”可知，尽管这一次
Starman穿越火星轨道时，离火星相当近，然而仍旧不够近，据此可以推断，这次
环绕太阳的飞行仍旧感觉不到来自火星的引力，故A项“拉”与画线词tug的意
思最为接近，故A项正确。]
8．What will happen to Starman in decades or centuries?
A．It is circling around Mars and will finally crash onto it.
B．It will finish its mission and return to SpaceX on the Earth.
C．It is likely reduced to at most its frame and glass.
D．SpaceX will try to recover it during its next space mission.答案 C [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Over the course of decades or
centuries...get destroyed in impacts with passing space rocks”可知，几十年或几百年
以后，Starman很可能只剩下框架和玻璃，故C项正确。]
C
(2021·大连市高三双基测试卷)
Dolphins have been known to show many human － like behavioral
characteristics.These include forming complex relationships to accomplish common
goals，teaching one another survival skills，and “babysitting” each other’s kids.Now，
some researchers at Largo，Florida have discovered another thing the intelligent
animals share with humans—a love for the television!
For their research，Kelly A．Winship and Holli C．Eskelinen observed 11 bottlenose
and five rough－toothed dolphins.The animals were treated to two TV shows—Planet
Earth and the popular kids’ series，SpongeBob SquarePants.The researchers say the
dolphins did not seem to care what was being played.They were equally attracted by
both—the realistic imagery of Planet Earth and the cartoon in SpongeBob
SquarePants.
Interestingly，however，the male dolphins spent more time staring at the screen than
the females.They also responded more strongly to the programming by either showing
aggression (攻击性) (indicated by head moves)，or interest (shown by raising their
heads or pressing their foreheads against the TV)，or even blowing bubbles (气泡)
(indicating interest or aggression)．
Winship and Eskelinen，who published their findings in the journal Zoo Biology，
believe the display of aggression was most likely a result of the failure to physically
interact with，or manipulate，the TV.
Though there is a lot more to learn about the animals’ television preference，the
scientists believe suitable programming could be used as part of enrichment programs
for dolphins unfit to be released in the wild.The researchers also think monitoring
their response to different kinds of shows could provide scientists with some insight
into the dolphins’ thinking process.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。研究人员发现海豚喜欢看电视节目，文章主要介绍了这项研究开展的过程，研究过程中海豚的不同表现，以及这项研究的意义。
9．What have researchers newly discovered about dolphins?
A．They somewhat behave like humans.
B．They offer help to each other.
C．They are highly intelligent.
D．They enjoy watching TV shows.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Now，some researchers...a love for the
television！”可知，最近研究发现海豚喜欢看电视，故D项正确。]
10．In which way are male and female dolphins different when watching TV?
A．The time of body moments.
B．Program preference.
C．The strength of response.
D．Interacting methods.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“the male dolphins...They also
responded more strongly to the programming”可知，雄性海豚对电视节目的反应更
强烈。]
11．What does the underlined word “manipulate” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Have control over. B．React to.
C．Catch sight of. D．Turn on.
答案 A [词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“the display of aggression was most
likely a result of the failure to physically interact with，or manipulate，the TV”并结
合选项可以推断，雄性海豚之所以展示攻击性是因为它们无法与电视肢体互动或
操控电视，故A项与画线词的意思最为接近。]
12．In what aspect could the research on dolphins be important to scientists?
A．Learning about their TV preference.
B．Enriching their life in the wild.
C．Monitoring their daily behavior.
D．Studying how they think.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据最后一段尾句可知，监测海豚对于不同节目的反应
可以帮助科学家们了解海豚的思维过程，故D项正确。]专练八 环保类说明文
A
(2021·温州市高三适应性测试)
Plastic bottles by the side of a road are a common sight, an unseemly reminder of how
often consumer products are thrown away carelessly.Now some of those bottles may
become part of the road.A California company has put recycled plastic into road
repaving (重铺), which could revolutionize the industry with environmental benefits.
Sean Weaver, president of TechniSoil Industrial in the northern California city of
Redding, said, “With this new technique, the repaved roads are stronger, flatter,
safer and last longer than those made with regular asphalt (沥青)．”
More appealing to environmentalists, the repaved roads incorporate 100% of the old
asphalt—sparing the air from dozens of trips by trucks pulling away and bringing in
building materials—and provide a new market for plastic products that could
otherwise wind up in a landfill.
“Everybody that’s looked at it said this will be one of the most transformative road
－construction technologies ever，” Weaver said.“We’re recycling what’s there,
and we’re delivering a road that’s better than the original, at no higher cost than it
would cost you to repave that road the traditional way.”
The process involves four large construction vehicles linked together in what’s called
a “recycling train”， which scoops up the top 3 inches of asphalt on a lane, grinds (磨
碎) it on a mill and mixes it with TechniSoil’s G5 binder (黏合剂), containing from
2% to 20% of liquefied plastic.The mixed product is deposited back on the road,
paved and rolled over.There’s no heat involved in the operation, which essentially
replaces the traditional binder—bitumen, a leftover from refining oil—with a stronger
plastic composite.The other materials, such as crushed rock, gravel, sand and filler,
remain in place.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。加利福尼亚州的一家公司回收利用废弃的塑料瓶
来铺路，使筑路更经济、环保。1．What’s the new move of the California company?
A．To put asphalt into road construction.
B．To revolutionize the recycling industry.
C．To use recycled plastic in road repaving.
D．To add plastic bottles to house building.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第一段的“A California company has put recycled
plastic into...with environmental benefits”可知，美国加州的一家公司将回收塑料用
于道路重铺，故选C。]
21·cn·jy·com
2．What can we learn from Weaver’s statement?
A．The technique they use is cost－saving.
B．His company enjoys a high reputation.
C．The road－construction process is complex.
D．Environmentalists think highly of the new roads.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第四段中Sean Weaver的话“We’re recycling what’s
there...that road the traditional way”可知，Sean Weaver他们在回收利用现有的资
源，提供一条比原来的道路更好的道路，而且筑路的成本并不比用传统方式重铺
道路的成本高，由此可知，他们采用的新的筑路方法是节省成本的，故选A。]
3．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．How roads are repaved in the new way.
B．Where the new building materials are mixed.
C．Why there is no heat in the road construction.
D．What materials are used in the road repaving.
答案 A [主旨大意题。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是首句中的“The process
involves”可知，本段主要讲述了用新方法重铺道路的过程，故选A。]
B
(2021·贵阳市高三适应性考试一)
On January 22nd，2021，China said it has established a new monitoring and research
center for greenhouse gases and carbon neutrality (碳中和) in order to contribute
more to fighting climate change.The official announcement of the Monitoring and
Assessment Center for GHGs and Carbon Neutrality (温室气体及碳中和监测评估中心)，located in Beijing，was made by the China Meteorological Administration.It is
expected to play a vital role in providing both technical and scientific support for
researchers.The center will gather top scientists in the field both at home and
abroad.Apart from providing ways to achieve carbon neutrality，it will also be helpful
to make technological breakthroughs in the next three to five years.
The center is tasked with creating a system to evaluate the effectiveness of the
country’s efforts to fight climate change.The recruitment (招募) of staff members is
expected to be finished in the next two months.A scientific steering committee will
also be started in April to guide the center’s operation.
China is determined to peak (达到峰值) its carbon dioxide emissions (排放) before
2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060.One of the lessons from the COVID
－19 pandemic is that humankind must pursue a green development path and green
lifestyle.China will lower its carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by more than
65 percent from the 2005 level and increase its share of non－fossil fuels in primary
energy consumption to around 25 percent.By 2030，China will also increase its forest
stock by 6 billion cubic meters from the 2005 level，and bring its total installed
capacity (装机容量) of wind and solar power to over 1.2 billion kilowatts.
The establishment of the center proves China’s determination to pursue a green
development road.It’s a concrete action that China has taken to fight the climate
challenge.Carbon neutrality，or a net－zero carbon footprint，means reaching a
balance between carbon emissions and removing pollutants through carbon sinks and
other offsets (补偿)．
China has sped up research and development of equipment to monitor greenhouse
gases and carbon neutrality and achieved encouraging results.However，there is still a
long way to go to reach the top world standard.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。为了更好地应对气候变化，2021年1月22日，中国
气象局表明已经在北京建立了一个温室气体及碳中和监测评估中心。
4．Why did China start the Center?
A．To produce more greenhouse gases.
B．To gather more scientists worldwide.C．To contribute more to fighting climate change.
D．To introduce top scientists in carbon neutrality.
【出处：21教育名师】
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第一段首句“On January 22nd，2021...to fighting
climate change.”可知，中国成立该中心的目的是为应对环境变化贡献更多力
量。]
5．When will the recruitment of the staff probably finish?
A．In January. B．In March.
C．In April. D．In May.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“On January 22nd，2021...carbon
neutrality (碳中和)”和第二段中的“The recruitment (招募) of staff members is
expected to be finished in the next two months.”可以推断，招募工作预计在3月底
完成。]
www-2-1-cnjy-com
6．How soon will China achieve carbon neutrality according to the passage?
A．In about 9 years. B．In about 16 years.
C．In about 39 years. D．In about 65 years.
答案 C [细节理解题。文中说的是 2021 年，再根据第三段中的“China is
determined to make its carbon dioxide emissions (排放) peak (达到峰值)．..before
2060”可知，大约39年之后中国会实现碳中和。]
7．What does this passage mainly talk about?
A．China’s new contribution to climate battle.
B．China’s carbon dioxide emissions peaking.
C．The Center’s recruiting new members.
D．Installed capacity of wind and solar power.
答案 A [文章大意题。通读全文可知文章主要说的是为应对气候变化，中国采
取的新的应对政策和措施，然而要达到世界顶级水平未来还有很长的路要走。可
知文章主要讲的是“China’s new contribution to climate battle.中国对应对气候变
化的新贡献”。]
C
(2021·潍坊市高三联考)
The twilight zone (朦胧地带) contains the largest and least explored fish stocks (储备) of the world’s oceans.Ranging from just below 200 metres to 1，000 metres deep,
it is an interface between the well－studied sea life in the sunlit zone above and the
ecosystems of the darkest territory below.It has a major role in removing carbon
dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it for centuries or longer.The twilight zone is
also known to the largest migration on Earth.Huge numbers of fishes and zooplankton
(浮游动物) move hundreds of metres towards the surface each night to feed, before
withdrawing back down at dawn.
Yet the zone is poorly understood—physically ， biogeochemically and
ecologically.Even the number of organisms that live there remains a mystery, let alone
their diversity and function.
It is alarming, then, that this vast ocean domain is at risk in three ways—even before
any of the potential consequences are understood.First, the world’s growing
population has an increasing need for food.Second, sea－floor mining for minerals
and metals could release waste into the region.And third，climate change is varying
temperature, acidification and oxygen levels in ways that are likely to affect life there.
The twilight zone is hard to study.Its organisms are difficult to sample and analyse,
being thinly distributed, almost invisible and often fragile.They also live at pressures
of up to 100 atmospheres, which poses problems for laboratory－based investigations.
Critics might argue that waters near coasts and above shelves are more deserving of
study, given the huge environmental pressures there, as well as their importance to
societies.And, of course, they need attention.Sadly, however, it is too late to avoid
widespread environmental damage to these inshore regions.Instead, research efforts
and local policies must aim at minimizing the worst effects.
By contrast, the twilight zone is almost left in its original condition.Moreover, the
majority of it lies beyond national administration.This makes it of common interest
and responsibility，and means that global agreement is necessary to manage it.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。介绍了海洋的朦胧地带。朦胧地带有着世界海洋最
大的以及最小的鱼储备，但是这一区域也面临着众多的威胁，因此作者呼吁国际
社会加强合作，共同保护这一地带。
8．What can we learn about the twilight zone?A．It has the least fish stocks.
B．It reduces atmosphere’s carbon dioxide.
C．It lies at the bottom of sea.
D．It is located above the sunlit zone.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It has a major role in removing carbon
dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it for centuries or longer”可知，朦胧地带可
以减少大气层的二氧化碳，故B项正确。]
【版权所有：21教育】
9．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?
A．Where global warming leads us.
B．Why high food consumption arises.
C．How the twilight zone is threatened.
D．What impacts pollution has on ocean.
答案 C [主旨大意题。根据第三段的中心句“It is alarming...the potential
consequences are understood”可知，本段主要讲述了朦胧地带以三种形式处于危
险之中，故C项正确。]
10．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．The twilight zone.
B．The inshore regions.
C．The twilight zone’s original condition.
D．National administration.
答案 A [词句猜测题。it一般指代上文中提到的单数名词或不可数名词，据此
可以排除B项。结合句意“绝大多数朦胧地带不属于任一国家管辖，这也使得它
成为人类共同的利益和职责所在”，因此it指代的是朦胧地带，故A项正确。]
11．Which statement does the author agree with?
A．International cooperation is essential.
B．Inshore regions deserve more attention.
C．Global agreement has been reached.
D．Study on the twilight zone is out of the question.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“This makes it of common interest
and responsibility，and means that global agreement is necessary to manage it”可知，要想管理好朦胧地带，需要国际社会的合作和国际公约的约束，故A项正确。]
专练九 外刊阅读(1)
A
The centre of our Milky Way galaxy is too distant for us to visit in person, but we can
still explore it.Telescopes give us a chance to see what the Galactic Centre looks like
in different types of light.By translating the inherently digital data (in the form of ones
and zeroes) captured by telescopes in space into images, astronomers create visual
representations that would otherwise be invisible to us.
But what about experiencing these data with other senses like hearing?
Sonification(可听化)is the process that translates data into sound, and a new project
brings the center of the Milky Way to listeners for the first time.The translation begins
on the left side of the image and moves to the right, with the sounds representing the
position and brightness of the sources.The light of objects located towards the top of
the image are heard as higher pitches while the intensity of the light controls the
volume.Stars and compact sources are converted to individual notes while extended
clouds of gas and dust produce an evolving drone.
The crescendo(声音渐强) happens when we reach a brighter region to the lower
right.This is where the 4－million－solar－mass supermassive black hole at the
centre of the Galaxy, known as Sagittarius A*(A－star), resides, and where the clouds
of gas and dust are the brightest.
Users can listen to data from this region, roughly 400 light years across, either as
“solos” from NASA’s Chandra X－ray Observatory, Hubble Space Telescope, and
Spitzer Space Telescope, or together as an ensemble in which each telescope plays a
different instrument.
Each image reveals different phenomena happening in this region about 26，000 light
years from Earth.The Hubble image outlines energetic regions where stars are being
born, while Spitzer’s infrared image( 红外图像) shows glowing clouds of dust
containing complex structures.X－rays from Chandra reveal gas heated to millions ofdegrees from stellar explosions and outflows from Sagittarius A*.
In addition to the Galactic Centre, this project has also produced sonified versions of
the remains of a supernova called Cassiopeia A, or Cas A, and the “Pillars of
Creation” located in Messier 16.
(From https：//astronomyno .com)
w
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章详细介绍了科学家是怎样将望远镜获得的银
河中心的数据进行可听化加工并呈现给听众的。
1. What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?
A．A brief introduction to the Milky Way
B．A detailed explanation to sonification
C．The evolution of the universe
D．How to use light and sound to translate
答案 B [段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，该段在具体解释把这些数据如何
进行sonification，即进行可听化处理，故答案为B。]
2．What does the underlined word “intensity” probably refer to?
A．Weakness. B．Strength.
C．Advantage. D．Disadvantage.
答案 B [词义猜测题。根据 单词出现的语境 “The light of objects
located...controls the volume.”可知，是光的强度控制音量，所以选strength。该处
strength意思是“强度”。]
3．Who may be interested in the article?
A．Pilots. B．Engineers.
C．Rocket experts. D．Astronomy lovers.
答案 D [推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“...astronomers create visual
representations that would otherwise be invisible to us.”和第二段第一句“But what
about experiencing these data with other senses like hearing？”以及最后一段的信
息可知，文章整体在讲解天文数据转化为可听的东西，因此这样的素材会对天文
爱好者有吸引力。]
4．Which one may be the best title?A．The Milky Way
B．Translating Data into Sound
C．The Galactic Centre
D．Listening to the Music of the Milky Way
答案 D [标题归纳题。D选项“Listening to the Music of the Milky Way”契合全
文核心信息。]
【精深阅读】
一、词汇积累
1．capture ．捕捉
v
2．reveal . 展示
v
3．glow . 发出艳丽色彩；发出柔和稳定的光
v
4．in person 亲自
5．in the form of 以某种形式
6．in addition to 除……之外
二、语境训练——语境猜词/单句语法填空/长难句分析
1．By translating the inherently digital data...(Para.1) t. 把 …… 转变为；转换
v
2．...outlines energetic regions...(Para.5) t. 显示 …… 的轮廓
v 21·世纪*教育网
3．Telescopes give us a chance to__see(see) what the Galactic Centre looks like in
different types of light.
4 ． But what about experiencing (experience) these data with other senses like
hearing?
5．The Hubble image outlines energetic regions where stars are being born，while
Spitzer’s infrared image( 红 外 图 像 ) shows glowing clouds of dust containing
complex structures.(Para.5)
[分析] 本句是由连词while连接的表示对比的并列复合句。while前面是主从复
合句；where引导定语从句修饰先行词energetic__regions，并在从句中作地点状语while后面句子中的containing...为后置定语，修饰glowing clouds of dust。
[翻译] 哈勃望远镜看见的影像勾勒出星星产生的活跃区，而斯皮策望远镜形成
的红外影像展现出色彩明亮的尘埃云内部的复杂 结构。
[背景链接]
银河是指横跨星空的一条乳白色亮带。大约拥有1 000亿至4 000亿颗恒星，并可
能有1 000亿颗行星。银河只在晴天夜晚可见，是由无数暗星(恒星)的光引起的。
银河不是银河系，而是银河系的一部分。中国古代又称天河、河汉、银汉、星河、星
汉、云汉。银河在中国文化中占有很重要的地位，早在汉朝的文献中就收录有著
名的中国神话传说牛郎织女的故事。
B
When Earth was just a wee(极小的) young thing, it birthed many new continents—
then it swallowed them all up, leaving just a few traces behind, a new study shows.
These first continents had a knack(本领) for living fast and dying young, but in doing
so, they paved the way for solid continents that eventually led to the emergence of
plate tectonics(板块运动), the new study suggests.
For hundreds of millions of years, the current continents have been more or less
stable.But very little is known about the continents that existed early on in Earth’s
history.
To learn more about that early history, the researchers used computers to model the
interactions of rock and magma(岩浆) in the Earth’s crust(地壳) and below.The
modeling showed that the earliest continents, known as the Hadean (4.6 to 4.0 billion
years ago), were weak and prone to destruction.Modern continents have a
comparatively high tensile strength, meaning it’s hard to rip them apart by stretching.
By the time the Archean (4.0 billion to 2.5 billion years ago) began, ending the
Hadean, the crust that had first formed was almost entirely replaced by the seeds of
the modern continents.
www.21-cn-jy.com
In a sense, the researchers found, those lost Hadean continents made the later, more
stable continents possible.The early continents’ reabsorption into the shallowest parts
of the mantle made that region of the mantle dryer and firmer, forming a foundation
on which later continents could safely grow.The emergence of continents at the close of the Hadean also contributed fertilizer that
would later help seed life on Earth, the researchers wrote.Bits of them broke off and
entered the atmosphere and oceans, providing necessary nutrients for the life forms
that soon emerged.(From https：// 世纪教育网li escience.com)
21 v
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了一个关于地球诞生之初陆地变化的研
究发现：最早形成的陆地被吸收、为后来的陆地提供能量并且使其更加稳定。
5．Compared to the modern continents, the Hadean was ________．
A．younger B．firmer
C．weaker D．larger
答案 C [细节理解题。 根据第四段“The modeling showed that the earliest
continents，known as the Hadean (4.6 to 4.0 billion years ago)，were weak and prone
to destruction.”可知，答案选C。]
6．What is true about the Hadean according to the researchers?
A．It existed 4.0 billion years ago.
B．It disappeared after the Archean began.
C．It helped to make more stable continents.
D．It provided all the necessary nutrients.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“...those lost Hadean continents
made the later，more stable continents possible.”可知，答案选C。]
7．How does the author support his ideas?
A．By listing researchers’ findings.
B．By giving a lot of examples.
C．By making comparisons.
D．By listing a lot of numbers.
答案 A [文章结构题。作者从第一段就提出一个新的研究发现，而后又分别提
出了很多研究人员的研究成果和发现，故文章是通过列出研究结果来支撑论点的
故选A。]
21cnjy.com
8．Where does the passage come from?
A．A science fiction. B．A science magazine.C．A travel brochure. D．An encyclopedia.
答案 B [推理判断题。全文介绍了一个关于地球上早期陆地的研究发现，是一
篇典型的科普类说明文，故选B(科学杂志)。a science fiction科幻小说；a travel
brochure旅行手册；an encyclopedia百科全书。]
21*cnjy*com
【精深阅读】
一、词汇积累
1．birth ．生(孩子)
v
2．comparatively ad . 相对地
v
3．pave the way for 为……铺平道路
4．in a sense 在某种意义上
5．rip apart 把……扯破或撕开
6．break off 分离；脱离
二、语境训练——语境猜词/单句语法填空/长难句分析
1．...leaving just a few traces behind...(Para.1) n．痕迹；__形迹
2．...to model the interactions of rock...(Para.4) t. 模仿
v 2·1·c·n·j·y
3．But very little is known about the continents that existed(exist) early on in Earth’s
history.
4．Modern continents have a comparatively high tensile strength, meaning(mean) it’s
hard to rip them apart by stretching.
5．By the time the Archean (4.0 billion to 2.5 billion years ago) began，ending the
Hadean，the crust that had first formed was almost entirely replaced by the seeds of
the modern continents.(Para.5)
[分析] 本句为复合句。by the time引导时间状语从句；ending the Hadean作结果
状语；that引导定语从句，先行词为crust。
[翻译] 到 4 0 亿至 2 5 亿年前太古代开始时，冥古代 ( 太阳系形成时期 ) 就结束了，
最初形成的地壳几乎完全被现代大陆的雏形所替代。
[背景链接]
地球形成于几十亿年以前，初期的痕迹在地面上已很难找到了，以后的历史面貌也极为残缺不全。若想从现在的地球面貌往前一步一步地推出它的原始情况，困
难极大。任何地球起源的假说都包含有待证明的假设。因此，不同的假说常常分
歧很大。200多年来， 地球起源的假说曾提出过几十种。到了人造卫星时代，这个
问题的探索也进入到一个新的活跃阶段。
专练十 外刊阅读(2)
A
Hurricanes are keeping their staying power longer once they make landfall, spreading
more inland destruction, according to a new study.
Warmer ocean waters from climate change are likely making hurricanes lose power
more slowly after landfall, because they act as a reserve fuel tank for moisture, the
study found.
The new study looked at 71 Atlantic hurricanes with landfalls since 1967.It found that
in the 1960s, hurricanes declined two－thirds in wind strength within 17 hours of
landfall.But now it generally takes 33 hours for storms to weaken that same degree.
“This is a huge increase，” study author Pinaki Chakraborty, a professor from
Japan.“There’s been a huge slowdown in the decay of hurricanes.”
As the world warms from human－caused climate change, inland cities like Atlanta
should see more damage from future storms that just won’t quit, Chakraborty said.
There’s less study of what hurricanes do once they make landfall than out at sea, so
Chakraborty said he was surprised when he saw a noticeable trend in decay taking
longer.Before he started the study, Chakraborty said he figured the decline in power
shouldn’t change over the years even with man －made climate change, because
storms tend to lose strength when cut off from warm water that fuels them.
It stops going, like a car that runs out of gas, he said.
But hurricanes aren’t running out of gas as much, especially in the last 25 years when
the trend accelerated, Chakraborty said.To find out why, he charted the ocean
temperature near where the hurricane had traveled and found it mirrored the decay
trend on land.Researchers then simulated hurricanes that were identical except for water
temperature.Seeing the warmer water storms decayed slower, they reached their
conclusion: The trend showing a slowdown of hurricane decay resulted from warmer
ocean water temperatures, caused by the burning of coal, oil and natural gas.
“That’s an amazing signal that they found ， ” said anther scientist.(From
https：// 世纪教育网foxne s.com)
21 w
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。据报道，飓风登陆后仍有很强的后劲，且其衰减趋
势较以往更加缓慢。经过研究发现，根本原因在于海洋温度的升高。
1．What does “This” refer to in Paragraph 4?
A．Human have caused climate change.
B．Destruction caused by wind strength.
C．The time hurricanes take to decline.
D．The landfall of the hurricane in 1967.
答案 C [代词指代题。根据上一段得知，同等级的飓风，二十世纪六十年代耗
时17个小时衰退，现在需要33个小时才衰退。故答案选C。]
2．How did Chakraborty feel about hurricanes’ longer decay trend?
A．Amazed. B．Unconcerned.
C．Shocked. D．Relieved.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据“hurricanes’ longer decay trend”定位到第六段第
一句“...so Chakraborty said he was surprised when he saw a noticeable trend in
decay taking longer.”可得到答案。]
3 ． How did Chakraborty find out the reason of the longer staying power of
hurricanes?
A．He bought a car out of gas.
B．He drew chats on hurricanes.
C．He traveled with the hurricanes.
D．He sorted out the ocean temperature.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据关键词定位在倒数第三段“To find out why，he
charted the ocean temperature near where the hurricane had traveled...”，故答案选D。]
4．What is the reason of the trend?
A．Warmer ocean waters.
B．Inland destruction.
C．Burning of gas.
D．Man－made climate change.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第二段和倒数第二段内容可知，飓风在陆地停留的
时间变久是海洋温度升高导致的。]
【精深阅读】
一、词汇积累
1．decline n．& . 衰弱；减少；婉拒
v
2．decay n．& . 衰败，衰退
v
3．accelerate . 加速
v
4．according to a new study 根据一项新的研究
5．act as 担当……；起……的作用
6．simulate hurricanes 模拟飓风
二、语境训练——语境猜词/单句语法填空/长难句分析
1．...act as a reserve fuel tank...(Para.2) n. 贮藏；__ 储备
2-1-c-n-j-y
2．...cut off from warm water...(Para.6) 阻隔
3．It found that in the 1960s, hurricanes declined(decline) two－thirds in wind
strength within 17 hours of landfall.
4．To find out why，he charted the ocean temperature near where the hurricane had
traveled and found it mirrored the decay trend on land.(Para.7)
[分析] 本句为复合句。谓语动词分别为charted和found；前半句中附带由where
引导的地点状语从句；后半句found后则是省略了that的宾语从句。
[翻译] 为了探寻原因，他跟踪记录了飓风经过地区的海洋温度，且发现海洋温
度和飓风登陆后 ( 强度 ) 衰减趋势有关联。
[背景链接]飓风和台风都是指风速达到33米/秒以上的热带气旋，只是因发生的地域不同，
才有了不同名称。生成于西北太平洋和我国南海的强烈热带气旋被称为“台风”
生成于大西洋、加勒比海以及北太平洋东部的则称“飓风”；而生成于印度洋、
阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾的则称为“旋风”。
B
“I have no idea what I’m doing right now.My plans were completely ruined by all of
this，” said Little, 26, who was working as a valet(服侍) before he was laid off in
April, 2020. “There are no jobs out there even nationwide for entry level architecture
grads, there is no real end in sight, and with my girlfriend not having any income
because she’s also in architecture, it’s causing tension that wouldn’t normally be
there.”
Like many young people, Little has been hit hard by the economic collapse in the
wake of COVID－19.He’s uncertain of what will happen when his unemployment
benefits run out at the end of this year, no longer has health insurance after turning 26
this year, and has already racked__up significant credit card debt to cover bills over
the past few months.
Before the pandemic, younger people in America were already making substantially
less money than older generations, even compared with when those older people were
young.In 1989, baby boomers controlled 21% of the nation’s wealth; millennials
controlled just 5% of the nation’s wealth in 2019.
And coronavirus has made life worse.
From spring 2019 to spring 2020, unemployment among adults ages 16 to 24
increased from 8.4% to 24.4%, compared with an increase of 2.8% to 11.3% for
adults 25 and older.Young Black (29.6%), Hispanic (27.5%), and Asian American
(29.7%) workers are experiencing even higher rates of unemployment.One third of
young Americans in the current labor market are classified as underemployed.
According to a Pew Research Center analysis of data from the US Census Bureau,
52% of Americans ages 18 to 29 now live with their parents, an increase of 2.6
million Americans since February 2020 and the highest rate since at least the Great
Depression.About 6 million young Americans completed a high school, associate’s, or bachelor’s
degree at the end of the 2019－2020 academic year, with many starting careers in a
poor job market where recovery could take years.(From The Guardian)
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。本文通过大量列举数据的方式说明在新冠疫情下
美国的失业率上升等社会问题。
5．What happened to Little?
A．He lost his job in last March.
B．He broke up with his girlfriend.
C．He became tired of architecture.
D．He was out of work and ran out of money.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“...Little，26，who was working as a
valet (服侍) before he was laid off in April，2020.”可以看出，Little在2020年4月
失业了。be laid off被解雇。再根据第二段对各种失业津贴和信用卡债务的描述，
可知Little不仅失业了，还负债累累。故选D。]
6．What does the underlined phrase “racked up” probably refer to?
A．Accumulated. B．Paid off.
C．Owed. D．Got.
答案 A [词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句可以看出，他失业了没有收入，为了
付清过去几个月的账单，他让自己的信用卡欠了很多债。accumulate累计；pay off
还清；owe欠。]
7．What do you learn from Paragraph 5?
A．Comparatively speaking, more younger adults became jobless from 2019 to 2020.
B．Asian American workers are experiencing higher rates of unemployment than
Young Black.
21教育网
C．More than half of the young adults are underemployed.
D．People over 25 are more likely to lose their jobs.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据第五段“Young Black (29.6%), Hispanic (27.5%),
and Asian American (29.7%) workers are experiencing even higher rates of
unemployment.”可知，答案选B。]
8．In which section of the newspaper is the article probably from?A．Science B．IT
C．Economy D．Society
答案 D [推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述新冠疫情下美国的失业率
上升等青年人面对的社会问题。]
21*cnjy*com
【精深阅读】
一、词汇积累
1．tension n．紧张
2．collapse n. 崩溃；暴跌
3．substantially ad . 基本上；大体上
v
4．lay off 解雇
5．in the wake of 紧紧跟随；随着……而来
6．be classified as underemployed 被归类为待业
二、语境训练——语境猜词/单句语法填空/长难句分析
1．...for entry level architecture grads...(Para.1) 初级
2．...associate’s, or bachelor’s degree...(Para.7) n．副学士，大专
3．He’s uncertain of what will happen when his unemployment benefits run out at the
end of this year...
【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
4．From spring 2019 to spring 2020, unemployment among adults ages 16 to 24
increased from 8.4% to 24.4%, compared (compare) with an increase of 2.8% to
11.3% for adults 25 and older.
21世纪教育网版权所有
5．There are no jobs out there even nationwide for entry level architecture grads, there
is no real end in sight，and with my girlfriend not having any income because she’s
also in architecture, it’s causing tension that wouldn’t normally be there.(Para.1)
[分析] 本句为并列复合句。and连接三个并列句，前两个为there__be 句型；第三
个是带有with复合结构的主从复合句，先行词tension 被that引导的定语从句修
饰。
21教育名师原创作品
[翻译] 甚至整个国家都没有给入门级别的建筑专业毕业生提供工作机会，并且
眼前这种局面不知何时会结束。我的女朋友因为同是建筑专业所以没有收入，这
种局面导致了前所未有的紧张感。[背景链接]
新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID－19)，简称“新冠肺炎”，是指2019新型冠状病毒感
染导致的肺炎。新型冠状病毒肺炎以发热、干咳、乏力等为主要表现，少数患者伴
有鼻塞、流涕、腹泻等上呼吸道和消化道症状。重症病例多在1周后出现呼吸困
难，严重者快速进展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征、脓毒症休克、难以纠正的代谢性酸
中毒和出凝血功能障碍及多器官功能衰竭等。
