文档内容
2017年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第 2套）
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Part I Writing
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Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus
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website to sell some of the course books you used at college. Your advertisement may
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include a brief description of their content, their condition and price, and your contact
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information. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
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Section A
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Directions; In this sectiom,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news
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report, you will hear tawo or three questions. Both the news report and the
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questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,you must
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Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line
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through the centre.
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Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
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B)Human drivers become easily distracted or tired while driving.
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D?)M"osXt =d)r4i-ve./r0s( .h)av’e7 0t(es4t( )d4r-i.v/e0n( 1ca:r7s. )w6it/h4’ a7u8t4o=m5at7i4c/: b;r.a7kEin/1g2 f+e(a7t4u8r.e(s).%
2.A %A)"T"he&ir’ (d/.ri-v.e/r0s( .w)o6ul=d8 f*-ee+l( (s*a)f7e+ (af7t+e4r( .g2e(t4t4i/n1g2 u8s)e(d- t4o= t4’h(e 7a8ut4=om5a7t4i/c: d-e(v0i/c:e(s).%
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D)? "Th&ey’ (a3re7 .n(o1t =a4c7t:u4a8l7l*y*3 a7s) s)a7f+e( a7s) 7au8t4=om5a7kEer(s.) a7d-v0e(rt.4i/s)e(.%
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
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Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
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Section B
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Directions:In this section,you will hear two long conersations. At the end of each conversation,
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you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only
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once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer, from the four choices
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with a single line through the centre.
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B) At a community college. D) At an IT company.
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B)e(r.i/e(n1c:e(.%
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Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
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D)They feel superior in science and technology.
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13.A)Japanese. C)Poles.
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14. A)Emailing. C)Science.
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B)Texting. D)Literacy.
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B) < I " t N l 4 a * y 7 s 3 ) em ( p 5 h > as ’ i 7 s ) /) on = 1 cr : e . a ( t 7 i 4 v /0 e ( t 4 h ’ i / n 1 k E i / n 1 g 2 . % D)?It" pNr4i>or./i=t.i/z4e/]s( )tr4a.i7n/i1n/g1 2of= +pr>a.c7t:i4c/a:l7 *s)kEil/*l*s).%
Section C
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Directions:In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage,you will hear
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three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.
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After you heara question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked
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A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Ansuer Sheet 1 with a
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single line through the centre.
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Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
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1$7J.%A)"Th"e&y ’t(u3rn48e.d1 (f-ro+m. =w5hi6te’ /4t(o 4=pu>r8p.l>e* (in/1 c:o=l*o=r..%
B<)T"he&y’ (b3e;ca(m:7e5 p(op>u=l>a8r* 7o.n= 1th4’e (w6or=l.d*- m5a7r.kEe(t4.%
C)9T"he&y’ (b3ec;a(m:e7 5a(n 7i1mp/5or>t=a.n47t1 4fo+=o=d- f+o=r. ’h8u5ma7n1s).%
D)? "Th&e’y (b3e;g(a2n 7t1o4 =lo*o=k= Eli*/kEe( m5od=e-r(n.-1d,-ay7 3c:a7r.r.o=t4s).%
2017.6/2（第2套）
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B) (l-ow*e=r6 (t.he4’i(r/ .p>ri./c:e(s).%
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
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B)< "ShTe’ (co:u=l8d *-ca:l7l* *u8p> h’e(r .f+a7m5il/*y3 w6h’e(n1ev(e0r( .s)h’e( l*i/Eke(d-.%
C)9 "ShTe’ (co:u=l8d *-lo*c=a:t7e4 (h’er( .f+r.i/(e1n-ds) 6wh’e(r.e(v0e(r. t4’h(e3y 6we(r.e(.%
D?)S"heT ’c(ou:l=d8 *d-ow-n=l6o1a*d= 7a-s 7m)an5y7 1p3ic>t/u:r4e8s.( a)s7 )sh)e’ (li*/kEe(d-.%
20A.QA%)"Sh"e Tl’i(ke*/dE (t-o 4i=nf/1o+r=m. 5he’r (f.r+i.e/(n1d-s )a7b;o=u8t 4h’e(r. s)u8c:c:e(s)s).%
B)d-a7t4e(s).%
C)9 "ShTe’ (fe+l(t*4 qBu8i/4t(e >p=o>p8u*l7a.r7 5am=o1n2g 4t’h(e5m.%
D)? "ShTe’ f(e+l(t* 4s)h’e( w6as7 )a7 t4e(e(n1a7g2e(r. a7g2a7i/n1.%
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B)She spent more time updating her friends than her family.
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D?)S"heT ’d(id-n/'-t1 Ps4e)e(m( 5to 4=be; (do-i=n/g1 2as7 )we6l(l* *a7s) h’e(r. FKa7c:e(b;o=ok= Efr+.i/e(n1d-s).%
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
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B)ti7c.4i/p:a/>t7e4d( -in/ 1a 7m5ul8e*-(d,r-i.v/0i/n1g2 c:o=m5pe>t(i4t/4i/o=n1.%
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D?) "Th&e’y( f3e+d( -mu5le8s* (w)i6th/ 4’th4e’ (be;s(t) 4f+o=o=d- t4h’e(y3 c:o=u8ld*- f+i/1nd-.%
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B)< "Th&e ’a(rr7i..v/a0l7 *o=f +t4r.a7c:t4=or.)s%. D)? "A "gr2o.w=i6n/g1 2do-n=k1eEy( 3p>op=u>l8a*7t4i/o=n1.%
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
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Section A
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Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word
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for each blank from a list of choices gioen in a word bank, following the passage. Read the
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passage through carefjully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is
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identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer
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Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use anu of the words in the
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bank more than once.
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Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
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As if you needed another reason to hate the gym, it now tumns out that exercise can exhaust not
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only your muscles, but also your eyes. Fear not,however,for coffee can stimulate them again. During
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26 _exercise,our muscles tire as they run out of fuel and build up waste products. Muscle
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performance can also be affected by a 27 called"central fatigue,"in which an imbalance in the
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body's chemical messengers prevents the central nervous system from directing muscle movements
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28 . It was not known,however,whether central fatigue might also affect motor systems not
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2017.6/3（第2套）
!"#$%& ’’’’(!!!""directly 29 in the exercise itself,such as those that move the eyes. To find out,researchers gave
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（!咖u啡v因(cid:213)）"，$w6h’ic/:h’ i/s) kEn1o=w6n 1to4= s)t4i/m5u8la*7t4e( t4h’e( c:e(n1t4r.a7l* 1n(e.r0v=o8us) )s3y)s4t(e5m，$o=r. a7s) 7a (p-l)a5c,e6b"o（!(cid:190)安慰-剂.）"w6it/4h’o=u8t，4$
during 3 hours of 31.After exercising,the scientists tested the cyclists with eve-tracking cameras
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to see how well their brains could still 32their visual system. The team found that exercise
4=)(( ’=6 6(**4’(/.;.7/1):=8*-)4/**!CA! 4’(/.0/)87*)3)4(5%&’( 4(75 +=81-4’74(G(.:/)(
reduced the speed of rapid eye movements by about 8?3 their ability to capture new visual
.(-8:(-4’( )>((-=+.7>/-(3( 5=0(5(14);3 7;=84LZ$ !CC! 4’(/.7;/*/43 4=:7>48.( 1(60/)87*
information. The caffeine, the equivalent of two strong cups of coffee, was 34 to reverse this
/1+=.574/=1%&’( :7++(/1($ 4’( (B8/07*(14=+46=)4.=12 :8>)=+:=++(($ 67)!CF! 4=.(0(.)( 4’/)
effect,with some cyclists even displaying 35 eye movement speeds. So it might be a good idea to
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get someone else to drive you home after that marathon.
2(4)=5(=1( (*)( 4=-./0( 3=8’=5( 7+4(.4’7457.74’=1%
I phenomenon
A) cautiously
"" :784/=8)*3 N" >’(1=5(1=1
B)commit J) preventing
<" :=55/4 [" >.(0(14/12
C)control K) sensitive
9" :=14.=* \" )(1)/4/0(
D) cycling L) slowing
?" :3:*/12 R" )*=6/12
E)effectively M) solution
V" (++(:4/0(*3 X")=*84/=1
F) increased N)sufficient
K" /1:.(7)(- Y" )8++/:/(14
G)involved O) vigorous
S" /10=*0(- U" 0/2=.=8)
H limited
D" */5/4(-
Section B
!"#$%&’)
Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each
3+(14)+5,2# ;3$%&’’,5$&"3$ *"+)#,7"&37 $" #,)/)()’’)7,.&$%$,3’$)$,2,3$’)$$)5%,/$" &$8D)5%
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paraqraph
’$)$,2,3$5"3$)&3’&3:"#2)$&"37&4,3&3"3,":$%,()#)7#)(%’8;/,3$&:*$%,()#)7#)(%
from which the information is derioed. You may choose a paragraph more than once.
:#"2.%&5%$%,&3:"#2)$&"3&’/,#&4,/89"+2)*5%""’,)()#)7#)(%2"#,$%)3"35,8
Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the
D)5%()#)7#)(%&’2)#?,/.&$%)-,$$,#8<3’.,#$%,=+,’$&"3’6* 2)#?&37 $%,
corresponding letter on. Answer Sheet 2.
5"##,’("3/&37 -,$$,#"3%&’()*+,))-"%
Team Spirit
;"/5!6%+%$
A)Teams have become the basic building blocks of organisations. Recruitment advertisements
"" &(75)’70( ;(:=5( 4’( ;7)/: ;8/*-/12 ;*=:E)=+=.271/)74/=1)%a(:.8/45(147-0(.4/)(5(14)
routinely call for"team players". Business schools grade their students in part on their performance
.=84/1(*3 :7**+=.%4(75>*73(.)&%<8)/1())):’==*)2.7-( 4’(/.)48-(14)/1>7.4=14’(/.>(.+=.571:(
in group projects. Office managers knock down walls to encourage team building. Teams are as old
/12.=8>>.=@(:4)%U++/:( 57172(.)E1=:E-=6167**)4=(1:=8.72( 4(75;8/*-/12%&(75)7.( 7)=*-
as civilisation,of course: even Jesus had 12 co-workers. But a new report by Deloitte,"Global
7):/0/*/)74/=1$ =+:=8.)(# (0(1[()8)’7-$A :=,6=.E(.)%<847 1(6.(>=.4;3 ?(*=/44($ %S*=;7*
Human Capital Trends",based on a survey of more than 7,000 executives in over 130 countries,
D857197>/47*&.(1-)&$ ;7)(-=17 )8.0(3 =+5=.( 4’71J$QQQ (G(:84/0()/1=0(.$CQ :=814./()$
suggests that the fashion for teamwork has reached a new high. Almost half of those surveyed said
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their companies were either in the middle of restructuring or about to embark on（开始）it;and for
4’(/.:=5>71/()6(.( (/4’(./14’( 5/--*( =+.()4.8:48./12 =.7;=844=,26)#? "3!ª1" /4+ 71-+=.
the most part, restructuring meant putting more emphasis on teams.
4’( 5=)4>7.4$ .()4.8:48./12 5(714>844/12 5=.( (5>’7)/)=14(75)%
B)Companies are abandoning conventional functional departments and organising employees into
<" 9=5>71/()7.( 7;71-=1/12 :=10(14/=17*+81:4/=17*-(>7.45(14)71-=.271/)/12 (5>*=3(()/14=
cross-disciplinary teams that focus on particular products,problems or customers. These teams are
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gaining more power to run their own affairs. They are also spending more time working with each
27/1/12 5=.( >=6(.4=.814’(/.=617++7/.)%&’(3 7.( 7*)=)>(1-/12 5=.( 4/5( 6=.E/12 6/4’(7:’
other rather than reporting upwards. Deloitte argues that a new organisational form is on the rise:a
=4’(..74’(.4’71.(>=.4/12 8>67.-)%?(*=/44( 7.28()4’747 1(6=.271/)74/=17*+=.5/)=14’( ./)(#7
ne1t(w4o6rk= .oEf =t+e4a(m7s5 i)s /)re.p(l>a*c7i:n/1g 2t4h’e( c:o=n1ve0n(t1i4o/=n1al7 *h%i&e,r#a)r#c5h%y* （!等
7
级
·
体
·
制
…
）".%
C)9T"he& f’a(sh+7i)o’n /=f1or+ =t.ea4m(s7 5is) /d)ri-v.e/0n (b1y ;a3 s7e)n(se1 )t(ha4’t 7t4h4e’ (ol=d* -wa6y7 3of= o+r=g.a2n7i1s/i)n/g1 2pe>o(p=l>e *(is/ )t4o=o= r.i/g2i/-d +f=o.r ;b=o4t’h
the modern marketplace and the expectations of employees. Technological innovation places
4’( 5=-(.157.E(4>*7:( 71-4’( (G>(:474/=1)=+(5>*=3(()%&(:’1=*=2/:7*/11=074/=1>*7:()
greater value on agility（灵活性）.John Chambers，chairman of Cisco Systems Inc.，a worldwide
2.(74(.07*8( =1)7&-&$*!"#D"%[=’19’75;(.)$ :’7/.571=+9/):=T3)4(5)N1:%$ 7 6=.*-6/-(
leader in electronics products，says that"we compete against market trwnsitions （过渡）， not
*(7-(./1(*(:4.=1/:)>.=-8:4)$ )73)4’74%6( :=5>(4( 727/1)457.E(4$#)3’&$&"3’!(cid:144)/"$ 1=4
2017.6/4（第2套）
!"#$%& ’’’’)!!!""competitors. Product transitions used to take five or seven years;now they take one or two."
:=5>(4/4=.)%#.=-8:44.71)/4/=1)8)(-4=47E( +/0( =.)(0(13(7.)+ 1=64’(3 47E( =1( =.46=%&
Digital technology also makes it easier for people to co-ordinate their activities without resorting to
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hierarchy.The"millennials"（千禧一代）who will soon make up half the workforce in rich
’/(.7.:’3%&’( %2&--,33&)-’& !(cid:229)0mp" 6’=6/**)==157E( 8>’7*+4’( 6=.E+=.:( /1./:’
countries were raised from nursery school onwards to work in groups.
:=814./()6(.( .7/)(-+.=518.)(.3 ):’==*=167.-)4=6=.E/12.=8>)%
D)The fashion for teams is also spreading from the usual corporate suspects(such as GE and IBM)to
?" &’( +7)’/=1+=.4(75)/)7*)=)>.(7-/12 +.=54’( 8)87*:=.>=.74( )8)>(:4)!)8:’7)SV71-N/47*=>(.74=.$ ’7).(=.271/)(-/4)5(-/:7*
staff into teams to focus on particular treatment areas; consultants, nurses and others collaborate
)47++/14=4(75)4=+=:8)=1>7.4/:8*7.4.(745(147.(7)+ :=1)8*4714)$ 18.)()71-=4’(.):=**7;=.74(
cl:o*=s)e(l*y3 i/1ns)4t(e7a-d =o+f ;b(e/i1n2g )(s>ep7a.7ra4(t-ed; 3by’ (s,p5e&c)i-a&$l*it!y/（(cid:239)专业" 7）1a-nd.7 1raEn%k.& ’T(he^ TUS" A.5rm3y ’h7a)s 2g=o1n(e 4t’h(e) 7s5am(e
way. In his book,Team of Teams, General Stanley McChrystal describes how the army's
673%N1’/);==E$ B,)2 ":B,)2’$ S(1(.7*T471*(3 X:9’.3)47*-():./;()’=6 4’( 7.53P)
hierarchical structure hindered its operations during the early stages of the Irag war. His solution
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was to learn something from the rebels it was fighting: decentralising authority to self-organising
67)4=*(7.1)=5(4’/12 +.=54’( .(;(*)/467)+/2’4/12# -(:(14.7*/)/12 784’=./43 4=)(*+,=.271/)/12
teams.
4(75)%
E)VA" g"oo2d= =r-ul.e8 *o(f= t+h4u’m8b5 i;s/ )th4’a7t4 a7s) )s=o=on1 7a)s 2g(e1n(e.r7a*l)s7 1a-nd’ =h)o>s/p4i7t*a7l- 5ad/m1i/)n4i.s7t4=ra.)toLr+s2 j(u"m3p )om2a )m3a)na7g,e2m,e3nt$
ba6n)d3w/a.go)n7（"3追!随
(cid:209)
一
(cid:152)
种
m
管
(cid:154)
理
)
潮
(cid:237)
流
1
）
K
，"it$ /i4s/ )ti4/m5e (t4o= a7s)kE Bq8ue(s)t4/i=o1n)s%.LRe(i/2g’h &Th’o=m5ps>o)n= 1o=f +K\e(l*l*o=g2g2 TSc:h’o=o=l* =o+f
Management in linois warns that,"Teams are not always the answer—teams may provide insight,
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creativity and knowledge in a way that a person working independently cannot;but teamwork may
:.(74/0/43 71-E1=6*(-2( /17 673 4’747 >(.)=16=.E/12 /1-(>(1-(14*3 :711=4+ ;844(756=.E573
also lead to confusion,delay and poor decision-making."The late Richard Hackman of Harvard
7*)=*(7-4=:=1+8)/=1$ -(*73 71->==.-(:/)/=1,57E/12%& &’( *74( a/:’7.-D7:E571=+D7.07.-
University once argued,"I have no question that when you have a team, the possibility exists that
^1/0(.)/43 =1:( 7.28(-$ %N’70( 1=B8()4/=14’746’(13=8’70( 7 4(75$ 4’( >=))/;/*/43 (G/)4)4’74
it will generate magic,producing something extraordinary...But don't count on it."
/46/**2(1(.74( 572/:$ >.=-8:/12 )=5(4’/12 (G4.7=.-/17.3‘ <84-=1P4:=814=1/4%&
F)KH"acDk7m:aEn5(w7h1o! 6di’e=d -i/n( -20/113A)Q $nCo"te1d= 4t(h-at4 ’t7e4a4m(s7 5a)re7 .h(in’d/1e-r(e.d( -by; 3pr>o.b=l;e*m(s5 )of= +co:-=o,=r.d-i/n1a7t4/i=o1n 7a1n-d
motivation that chip away at the benefits of collaboration. High-flyers（能干的人）who are forced
5=4/074/=14’74:’/>7673 744’( ;(1(+/4)=+:=**7;=.74/=1%F&7%M:-*,#’!˙(cid:218)5(cid:153)" 6’=7.( +=.:(-
to work in teams may be undervalued and free-riders empowered,Group-think may be
4=6=.E /1 4(75)573 ;( 81-(.07*8(- 71- +.((,./-(.)(5>=6(.(-% S.=8>,4’/1E 573 ;(
unavoidable.In a study of 120 teams of senior executives, he discovered that less than 10of their
8170=/-7;*(%N17 )48-3 =+$AQ 4(75)=+)(1/=.(G(:84/0()$’( -/):=0(.(-4’74*())4’71$QZ =+4’(/.
supposed members agreed on who exactly was on the team. If it is hard enough to define a team's
)8>>=)(-5(5;(.)72.((-=16’=(G7:4*3 67)=14’( 4(75%N+/4/)’7.-(1=82’4=-(+/1( 7 4(75P)
membership, agreeing on its purpose is harder still.
5(5;(.)’/>$ 72.((/12 =1/4)>8.>=)( /)’7.-(.)4/**%
G)SP"ro#f.o=u+n=d8 1c-ha:n’g7e1s2 i(n) /t1he4’ (wo6rk=f.oEr+c=e. :a(r7e. (ma5ki7nEg/1 t2e4a(m7s5 t)r4i.c/:kiEe/(r. t4=o 5ma7n1a7g2e(.% T&e(am7s5 )wo6rk= .Ebe;st( )4if/ +t4h’e(i/.r
members have a strong common culture. This is hard to achieve when,as is now the case in many
5(5;(.)’70( 7 )4.=12 :=55=1:8*48.(%&’/)/)’7.-4=7:’/(0( 6’(1$ 7)/)1=64’( :7)( /15713
big firms, a large proportion of staff are temporary contractors. Teamwork improves with time:
;/2 +/.5)$ 7 *7.2( >.=>=.4/=1=+)47++7.( 4(5>=.7.3 :=14.7:4=.)%&(756=.E/5>.=0()6/4’4/5(#
America's National Transportation Safety Board found that 73of the incidents in its civil-aviation
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database occurred on a crew's first day of flying together. However, as Amy Edmondson of Harvard
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points out,organisations increasingly use "team"as a verb rather than a noun: they form teams for
>=/14)=84$=.271/)74/=1)/1:.(7)/12*3 8)( %4(75& 7)7 0(.;.74’(.4’717 1=81#4’(3 +=.54(75)+=.
specific purposes and then quickly disband them.
)>(:/+/: >8.>=)()71-4’(1B8/:E*3 -/);71-4’(5%
H)DT"he& ’l(ea*s(t7 )t4h4a’t7 4ca:n7 1be; (co:n=c1l:u*d8e-d( -fr+o.m= 5th4i’s/ )re.(s)e(a7r.c:h’ i/s) t4’h7at4 :c=o5mp>a7n1i/e(s) n1e(e(d- t4o= t4’hi/1nEk ’h7a.r-d(e.r 7a;b=o8ut4
managing teams. They need to rid their minds of sentimentalism（感情用事）∶ the most successful
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teams have leaders who are able to set an overall direction and take immediate action. They need to
4(75)’70( *(7-(.)6’=7.( 7;*( 4=)(471=0(.7**-/.(:4/=171-47E( /55(-/74( 7:4/=1%&’(3 1((-4=
keep teams small and focused: giving in to pressure to be more"inclusive" is a guarantee of
E((>4(75))57**71-+=:8)(-# 2/0/12 /14=>.())8.( 4=;( 5=.( %/1:*8)/0(& /)7 287.714(( =+
dysfunction. Jeff Bezos, Amazon's boss,says that"If I see more than two pizzas for lunch, the
-3)+81:4/=1%[(++<(]=)$ "57]=1P);=))$ )73)4’74%N+N)(( 5=.( 4’7146=>/]]7)+=.*81:’$ 4’(
team is too big."They need to immunise teams against group-think: Hackman argued that the best
4(75/)4==;/2%& &’(3 1((-4=/5581/)( 4(75)727/1)42.=8>,4’/1E# D7:E5717.28(-4’744’( ;()4
on=e1s( )co:n=t1a47i/n1"d%e/v,i4a&n)t3"$（&离!„经,叛道2者(cid:129)）ßw"ho6 a’r=e 7w.(il6li/*n*g/1 2to4 =do- =so)m=e5t(h4i’n/g1 2th4’a7t4 m5ay7 3b;e (u8p>se)(t4t4i/1n2g 4t=o
others.
=4’(.)%
I)A new study of 12,000 workers in 17 countries by Steelcase, a furniture-maker which also does
N" "1(6)48-3 =+$A$QQQ 6=.E(.)/1$J :=814./();3 T4((*:7)($ 7 +8.1/48.(,57E(.6’/:’7*)=-=()
consulting, finds that the best way to ensure employees are"engaged"is to give them more control
:=1)8*4/12$ +/1-)4’744’( ;()4673 4=(1)8.( (5>*=3(()7.( %(1272(-& /)4=2/0( 4’(55=.( :=14.=*
over where and how they do their work—which may mean liberating them from having to do
=0(.6’(.( 71-’=6 4’(3 -=4’(/.6=.E’6’/:’573 5(71*/;(.74/12 4’(5 +.=5 ’70/12 4=-=
2017.6/5（第2套）
!"#$%& ’’’’*!!!""everything in collaboration with others.
(0(.34’/12 /1:=**7;=.74/=16/4’=4’(.)%
J[)"HowDe=v6er(,0o(r.$ga=n.i2s7a1t/i)7o4n/s= 1n)ee1d( (t-o 4=le*a(r7n. 1so)m=e5t(h4i’n/g1 2bi;g/2g2e(r. t4h’a7n1 h’o=w6 t4o= m5an7a1g7e2 (te4(a7m5s )be;t(t44e(r.:# t4’h(e3y
need to be in the habit of asking themselves whether teams are the best tools for the job. Team-
1((-4=;( /14’( ’7;/4=+7)E/12 4’(5)(*0()6’(4’(.4(75)7.( 4’( ;()44==*)+=.4’( @=;%&(75,
building skills are in short supply:Deloitte reports that only 12of the executives they contacted
;8/*-/12 )E/**)7.( /1)’=.4)8>>*3# ?(*=/44( .(>=.4)4’74=1*3 $AZ =+4’( (G(:84/0()4’(3 :=147:4(-
f+e(e(l* t4’he(y3 u8n1d-e(r.s)t4a7n1d- t4’he( 6wa7y3 p>e(o=p>le*( w6or=k. Eto4=g2e(th4’e(r .i/n1 n1e(t46wo=r.kEs) a7n1d- o=n1l*y3 2A1$eZel +c(o(n*f:i=d1e+n/t- (i1n4 t/1he4i’r(/.
ability to build cross-functional teams. Loosely managed teams can become hotbeds of distraction—
7;/*/43 4=;8/*-:.=)),+81:4/=17*4(75)%R==)(*3 57172(-4(75):71;(:=5( ’=4;(-)=+-/)4.7:4/=1’
employees routinely complain that they can't get their work done because they are forced to spend
(5>*=3(().=84/1(*3 :=5>*7/14’744’(3 :71P42(44’(/.6=.E-=1( ;(:78)( 4’(3 7.( +=.:(-4=)>(1-
too much time in meetings or compelled to work in noisy offices. Even in the age of open-plan
4==58:’4/5( /15((4/12)=.:=5>(**(-4=6=.E/11=/)3 =++/:()%V0(1/14’( 72( =+=>(1,>*71
offices and social networks some work is best left to the individual.
=++/:()71-)=:/7*1(46=.E))=5( 6=.E/);()4*(+44=4’( /1-/0/-87*%
36. Successful team leaders know exactly where the team should go and are able to take prompt
CI%T8::())+8*4(75 *(7-(.)E1=6 (G7:4*3 6’(.( 4’( 4(75 )’=8*-2=71-7.( 7;*( 4=47E( >.=5>4
action.
7:4/=1%
37.Decentralisation of authority was also found to be more effective in military operations.
CJ%?(:(14.7*/)74/=1=+784’=./43 67)7*)=+=81-4=;( 5=.( (++(:4/0( /15/*/47.3 =>(.74/=1)%
38. In many companies, the conventional form of organisation is giving way to a network of teams.
CL%N15713 :=5>71/()$ 4’( :=10(14/=17*+=.5=+=.271/)74/=1/)2/0/12 673 4=7 1(46=.E=+4(75)%
39. Members of poorly managed teams are easily distracted from their work.
CM%X(5;(.)=+>==.*3 57172(-4(75)7.( (7)/*3 -/)4.7:4(-+.=54’(/.6=.E%
40. Teamwork is most effective when team members share the same culture.
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41.According to a report by Deloitte, teamwork is becoming increasingly popular among companies.
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4F2A. %STo=me5 (te4a(m7 5me5mb(e5rs; (f.i)nd+/ 1i-t /h4a’r7d. -to4 =ag7r2e.(e( o=n1 qBu8es(t)i4/o=n1s) l*/iEk(e 5me(m5b;er(s.)h’i/p> a7n1d- t4h’e( t4(e7am5'Ps) >pu8r.>po=s)e(.%
43. Some scholars think teamwork may not always be reliable, despite its potential to work wonders.
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44. To ensure employees'commitment, it is advisable to give them more flexibility as to where and
FF%&=(1)8.( (5>*=3(()P:=55/45(14$ /4/)7-0/)7;*( 4=2/0( 4’(55=.( +*(G/;/*/43 7)4=6’(.( 71-
how they work.
’=64’(3 6=.E%
45. Product transitions take much less time now than in the past.
FH%#.=-8:44.71)/4/=1)47E( 58:’*())4/5( 1=64’71/14’( >7)4%
Section C
!"#$%&’-
Directions:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or
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Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
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Passage One
&’22’-1M,1
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
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Shoppers in the UK are spending less money on toilet paper to save money, research has shown.
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Penny-pinching UK consumers choose cheaper products from discounters such as Aldi and Lidl
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rather than luxury alternatives.
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This has wiped 6off the value of the soft tissue paper market in the UK. It has shrunk from
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S1.19 billion in 201l to S1.12 billion in 2015,according to a new report from market research company
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Mintel. Furthermore, the future of the market looks far from rosy, with sales expected to fall further to
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S1.11 billion in 2016.
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In the last year alone, despite an increase in the UK population and a subsequent rise in the
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number of households, sales of toilet paper fell by 2?with the average household reducing their toilet
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roll spending from S43 in 2014 to S41 in 2015.
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Overall, almost three in five people say they try to limit their usage of paper—-including facial
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tissue and kitchen roll—to save money."Strength, softness and thickness remain the leading indicators
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alternatives, such as those with flower patterns or perfume,"said Mintel analyst Jack Duckett."These
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2017.6/6（第2套）
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types of products are typically more expensive than regular toilet paper, even when on special offer."
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While consumers are spending less on toilet paper, they remain fussy—in theory at least—when it
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comes to paper quality. Top of Britons'toilet paper wish list is softness(57?ollowed by strength
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One in 10 buyers rank toilet rolls made from recycled paper among their top considerations,
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highlighting how overall the environment is much less of a consideration for shoppers than product
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quality. In a challenge for manufacturers,81of paper product users said they would consider buying
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recycled toilet tissue if it were comparable in quality to standard paper.
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46. The market sales of toilet paper have decreased because _____.
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A)"B"rie(n1d-i/n1g2 o=n1 i/4t
B<) "it/s4) p>r.i/:ce(s) ’h7av0e( 2go=n1e( u8p> o=v0e(r. t4’he( 3y(e7ar.)s
C) its quality has seen marked improvement
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D?) "Brd( -th4’e (h’ab7i;t/4 o=f+ )s7a0v/i1n2g
47. What does the author think of the future of the tissue paper market in the UK?
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B)o=p>u8l*a7t4i/=o1n 2g.r=o6ws).%
48. What does Jack Duckett say about toilet paper?
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A)" "SpTe>c(ia:l/7 *of=f+e+(r.s) w6o=ul8d*- p>ro.=m5ot=e4 (it/s4) s)a7l*e(s).%
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49. What do we learn about Britons concerning toilet paper?
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B)They emphasize the strength of toilet paper the most.
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C)9T"he&y ’p(r3ef>e.r( +(ch.e:a’p( 7to>i4l=e/t* (p4a>p7e>r (t.o4 =re.c(y:c3l:e*d( -to4=il/*e(t4 >pa7p>e(r..%
D)They reject using toilet paper with unnecessary features.
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50.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
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Passage Two
&’22’-1I>5
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
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"One of the reasons I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was a smoker when I was
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younger,"says Lindson-Hawley, who studies tobacco and health at the University of Oxford.
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By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that her mom quit the right way—by stopping
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abruptly and completely.
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In her study，participants were randomly（随机地） assigned to two groups. One had to quit
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abruptly on a given day,going from about a pack a day to zero. The other cut down gradually over the
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3
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addition to a second form of nicotine replacement,like gum or spray. They also had talk therapy with
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a nurse before and after quit day.
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2017.6/7（第2套）
!"#$%& ’’’’$!!!""Six months out, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with it—more than one-fth of
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them, compared to about one-seventh in the other group. Although these numbers appear low, it is
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much higher than if people try without support.
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And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started, most of the
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people had said they'd rather cut down gradually before quitting."If you're training for a marathon,
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you wouldn't expect to turn up and just be able to run it. And I think people see that for smoking as
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well. They think,'Well, if I gradually reduce, it's like practice,'"says Lindson-Hawley. But that
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wasn't the case. Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them cravings
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that group actually made it to that point."Regardless of your stated preference, if you're ready to quit,
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quitting abruptly is more effective," says Dr. Gabriela Ferreira."When you can quote a specific
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number like a fifth of the patients were able to quit, that's compelling. It gives them the
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encouragement,I think, to really go for it,"Ferreira says.
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People rarely manage to quit the first time they try. But at least, she says, they can maximize the
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odds of success.
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51. What does Lindson-Hawley say about her mother?
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A") "ShTe’ (quBi8t/ 4s)m5ok=iEn/g1 2wi6th/4 ’he’r( .da-u7g8h2t’e4r('.sP) h’e(l*p>.%
B)< "ShTe’ (su)c8c:e:e(d(e-d( i-n/ 1quBi8t/t44i/n1g2 s)m5o=kEin/1g2 a7b;r.u8p>t4l*y3.%
C)9 "ShTe’ (wa6s 7a)ls7o*) =a 7re.s(e)a(r7c.h:e’r( .o=f +t4o=b;a7c:c:o= a7n1d- h’e(a7l*t4h’.%
D)? "ShTe’ (st)u4d8i-e/d( -th4’e( s)m5ok=iEn/g1 2pa>t7t4e4(r.n1s) o=f+ 7ad-u8l*4t )s5m=okEe(r.s).%
52. What kind of support did smokers receive to quit smoking in Lindson-Hawley's study?
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A)" "Th&e’y (w3e6re( .g(iv2e/0n( 1ph>ys’i3c)a/:l7 *tr4.a7i/n1i/n1g2.% C)9 "Th&e’y( 3we6re( .(en(c1o:u=r8a.g7e2d( -by; 3ps>y)c3h:o’l=o*g=i2s/)t4s).%
B<)T"he&y’ (w3er6e( .l(oo*k=e=dE (a-ft7e+4r( .by; 3ph>y’s3i)c/:i/a7n1s).% D)? "Th&ey’ (w3e6re( .o(ff=e++r(e.d( -ni1c/o:t=i4/n1e( r.e(p>l*7a:c(e5me(n1t4s).%
53. How does Dr. Gabriela Ferreira view the result of Lindson-Hawley's experiment?
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B) < I " t N4 is /) u 8 n 1 e ( x G p > e ( c : t 4 e ( d - . % D)?I"t Ni4s/ )m5is/)l*e(a7d-i/n1g2.%
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%
A)" "is/) s)o=m5et(h4’i/n1g2 f+(e6w c:a7n1 7a:c:c=o5mp>l*i/)s’h C)9 "re.q(uBi8r/e.s( )a 7l*o=t4 o=f+ >p7at4/i(e1n:c(e
B) < " ne 1 e ( d ( s - ) so ) m = e 5 p ( ra > c .7 t : ic 4/ e : ( fi +/ r . s ) t 4 D)? "is/ )a7 c:h’al7l**e(n1g2e( a7t4 4t’h(e ;b(e2g/i1n1n/i1n2g
55. What happens when people try to quit smoking gradually?
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A)" "Th&ey’ (f3in+/d1 -it/ 4e(v0e(n 1mo5r=e. (di-f/f+i+/c:u8l*t4.%
B)< "Th&e’y( 3ar7e. (si)m/5pl>y* 3u8na1b7l;e*( t4o= m5a7keE (i/t4.%
C)9 "Th&e’y( 3sh)’o=w6 fe+(w6er( .w6it/4h’d-r.a7w6a7l* )s3y5mp>t4=o5ms).%
D)? "Th&e’y (f3ee+(l( *mu5c8h :l’es*(s) )pa>i7n/ 1in/1 t4h’e( p>r.o=c:e(s)s).%
Part IV Translation
&’()$ I(’,2H’)+5, (!3.0" m/i+n,u0t)e1s2)"
Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into
3+(14)+5,2# !"#$%&’()#$$ *"+)#,)--".,/012&3+$,’$" $#)3’-)$,)()’’)7,:#"2 @%&3,’,&3$"
English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
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2017.6/8（第 2套）
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