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考点 20 优秀传统文化之中国古建筑
真题感知
1.(2023·全国乙卷)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
词数:197 话题:北京的建筑
Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong 61
royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its
carefully 62 (build) system of ring roads.
But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 63 welcomes the fast-paced development of modern
life, with 21st-century architectural 64 (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, 65 somehow these two very different worlds make a
good combination. 66 (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I 67 (amaze) by the co-existence of old and
new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent
the last two years 68 (record) everything I discovered.
The 69 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into
the modern world, 70 (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing
for the next 50 years.
【答案】61. to 62. built 63. which##that 64. wonders 65. but 66. Having visited 67. was amazed 68.
recording 69. remarkable 70. means
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京这座城市的古老建筑和现代化发展之间的独特结合,同时探讨了城
市如何在不断发展的同时保护其丰富的遗产。作者作为一名摄影师,记录了这座城市的变化,并表示将来还会继
续拍摄北京的风貌。
61.考查介词。句意:从佛教寺庙到博物馆,从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿,它拥有 3000多年的辉煌历史,甚至从它的
布局来看,这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可
知,空处和上文保持一致,表示“从……到……”,用介词to。故填to。
62.考查非谓语动词。句意:从佛教寺庙到博物馆,狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿,它是 3000多年辉煌历史的家园,即使
是在它的布局上,这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语,表示“精心建造
的……”,和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系,用过去分词。故填built。
63.考查定语从句。句意:但是,除了古建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建筑奇迹
与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词,先行词为“a place”,在定语从句中担当主语,所以用关系
代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
64.考查名词。句意:但是,除了古建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建筑奇迹与过
去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知,空处为名词形式;根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知,空
处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。
65.考查连词。句意:但不知何故,这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空前“It is a distinct visual
contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work,”和空后“somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.”
之间存在转折关系,用but。故填but。66.考查非谓语动词。句意:在过去的10年里,我多次访问北京,我惊讶于这里的新旧共存,惊讶于一个城市如何
在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语,和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系;根
据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知,用完成时态,由此推断,空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首,首字
母大写。故填Having visited。
67.考查时态和语态。句意:在过去的10年里,我多次访问北京,我惊讶于这里的新旧共存,惊讶于一个城市如何
在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词,根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a
rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知,本句用一般过去时;主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系,
所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。
68.考查非谓语动词。句意:作为一名摄影师,我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.花费
时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语,用动名词形式。故填recording。
69.考查形容词。句意:这个城市的显著发展,是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界,这意味着这里总是有
新的东西可以发现,我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知,空处为形容词修饰名词
“development of this city”。故填remarkable。
70.考查时态。句意:这座城市的显著发展,在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界,意味着这里总是有新的东
西等待发现,我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词,根据上下文可知,本句时态为一般
现在时;主语为“development”,单数,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
2.【2023年1月·浙江卷】阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
词数:196 话题:北京胡同
During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing ____56____ arranged the residential areas
according to social classes. The term “hutong”, ____57____ (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first
during the Yuan Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ____58____ (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the
Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes ____59____ (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles.
The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ____60____ (feature)beautifully carved
and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by ____61____ (space)homes and
walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and
____62____ (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history ____63____
capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic ____64____ (event). In
contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of
Heaven, the hutongs reflect _____65_____ culture of grassroots Beijingers.
【答案】
56.and 57.originally 58.surrounded 59.were permitted 60.featured 61.spacious 62.simpler 63.
as 64.events 65.the
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京的胡同的由来、规模及历史意义。
56.考查连词。句意:在中国的朝代时期,皇帝规划北京城并根据社会阶层安排居住区。分析句子结构可知,
planned和arranged是并列的谓语动词,表示并列关系应用连词and连接。故填and。
57.考查副词。句意:胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思,首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词meaning需
要填副词形式。故填originally。
58.考查非谓语动词。句意:在明朝,紫禁城是中心,它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构,was
是谓语动词,空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语,主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系,需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。
59.考查动词的被动语态。句意:高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知,空格
处在句中作谓语,和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系,因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。
故填were permitted。
60.考查动词时态。句意:这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院,通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱
子为特点。分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填谓语动词,再结合上下文时态可知,空格处应用一般过去时。故填
featured。
61.考查形容词。句意:他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处需要填形容词作
定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。
62.考查形容词比较级。句意:他们的四合院规模要小很多,并且在设计和装饰上更加简单,并且胡同也更窄。
根据句子结构和and可知,空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。
63.考查介词。句意:感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史,同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事,甚至有一些还跟
历史事件有关。根据句意可知,空格处译为“作为”,as是介词意为“作为”,符合句意。故填as。
64.考查名词的数。句意:感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史,同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事,甚至有一些
还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic可知,空格处需要填名词,且event为可数名词,应用复数形式。
故填events。
65.考查冠词。句意:与紫禁城颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比,胡同所反映出的是草根北
京人的文化。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知,此处culture表示特指概念,应用定冠
词the修饰。故填the。
(最新模拟试题演练)
1.【2023·江苏省镇江市统考】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
词数:235话题:中国的北京城
Beijing is a city that straddles(跨越)the divide between the ancient and the modern. It is home ____36____ more than
3,000 years of fascinating history, and a place ____37____ fully embraces the fast-paced development of modern life, with
high-rise 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with cultural relics of the past.
This integration of styles ____38____ (be) strikingly typical at Zhihua Temple, built in 1444 during the rule of
emperor Zhengtong. Though much smaller now than at its peak of 20,000 square meters, the temple is a somewhat
____39____ (hide) treasure.
____40____ (remarkable), the temple museum offers a collection of remains and statues. You might even forget
you’re in the 2lst century, if not for the smooth curve of the modern Galaxy Soho building looming over the mythical
beasts(神兽)seated on the ridges(屋脊)of the temple roofs.
Yet ____41____ they belong to completely different ____42____ (era), appearances and purposes, they are both
equally representative of this city. Seeing the two together is a perfect example of the idea of how respecting our history,
while still ____43____ (look)to the future, can create a truly unique cityscape.
The development of this city, which is carefully designed ____44____ (protect)the past while embracing the modem
world,_____45_____ (mean)there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the
next 50 years and still not have scratched the surface, which is part of its beauty.
【答案】
36.to 37.that##which 38.is 39.hidden 40.Remarkably 41.though##although##while 42.eras 43.
looking 44.to protect 45.means【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了北京是一座跨越了古代和现代的城市。它是3000多年迷人历史的家园,
是一个完全拥抱现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的高层建筑奇迹与过去的文物并存。
36.考查介词。句意:它是3000多年迷人历史的家园,是一个完全拥抱现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的高
层建筑奇迹与过去的文物并存。It is home to…“为……的所在地”为固定短语。故填to。
37.考查定语从句。句意:它是3000多年迷人历史的家园,是一个完全拥抱现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪
的高层建筑奇迹与过去的文物并存。分析句子可知,此处为连词that/which引导的限制性定语从句,先行词a place
在从句中作主语成分。故填that/which。
38.考查谓语。句意:这种风格的融合,在1444年正统年间建造的智化寺尤为典型。根据句意可知,该句为客观
事实。故此处动词为一般现在时,结合主语This integration of styles为单数名词,为三单形式。故填is。
39.考查形容词。句意:虽然现在比高峰时的2万平方米要小得多,但这座寺庙在某种程度上是一个隐藏的宝藏。
根据空后的treasure为名词可知,此处为形容词修饰该名词。故填hidden。
40.考查副词。句意:值得注意的是,寺庙博物馆提供了遗骸和雕像的收藏。由单个副词作状语修饰整个句子可
知,此处为副词。故填Remarkably。
41.考查连词。句意:尽管它们属于完全不同的时代、形态和用途,但它们都同样代表着这座城市。根据句意可
知,此处为连词though/although/while“尽管”引导让步状语从句,满足句意要求。故填though/although/while。
42.考查名词。句意:尽管它们属于完全不同的时代、形态和用途,但它们都同样代表着这座城市。由空前的
different可知,此处为名词的复数形式。故填eras。
43.考查动名词。句意:将两者结合在一起是一个很好的例子,展示了如何尊重我们的历史,同时展望未来,可
以创造一个真正独特的城市景观。分析句子可知,由while“同时”连接的respecting our history可知,此处为也为
动名词形式。故填looking。
44.考查动词不定式。句意:这座城市经过精心设计,既保护了过去,又拥抱了现代世界,它的发展意味着这里
总是有新的东西可以发现,我可以在接下来的50年里拍摄北京,但仍然没有触及它的表面,这是它的美丽的一部
分。分析句子可知,此处为动词不定式to do“去做……”作目的状语,满足句意要求。故填to protect。
45.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:这座城市经过精心设计,既保护了过去,又拥抱了现代世界,它的发展意
味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现,我可以在接下来的 50年里拍摄北京,但仍然没有触及它的表面,这是它的美
丽的一部分。分析句子可知,此处为谓语动词的填入,主语 The development of this city为单数名词,结合句意为
一般现在时。故填means。
2. 【2023·江苏省南通市如皋市教学质量调研】阅读下列短文,根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
词数:195话题:王家大院
The Wang Family Compound is a rare example of Chinese civilization ____36____(hand) down through the ages.
Like many of the Shanxi Grand Compounds, it ____37____ (locate) in Lingshi County, 35 kilometers from the Pingyao
Ancient City.
The Wang Family Compound is in fact a collection of compounds____38____ were all constructed within the limits of
a tall outer wall. During the Ming and Qing ____39____ (dynasty), it was built on a truly magnificent scale on a series of
hills, ____40____ (stretch) out over an area of 250,000 square meters. The whole residence ____41____ (consist) of five
castles, five lanes, and five ancestral temples now.
In keeping with the residence's legendary size, the five castles were designed to____42____(symbolic) represent the
five lucky animals according to traditional Chinese culture: the Dragon, the Phoenix, the Tortoise, the Qilin, and the Tiger.
____43____ short, you could say the Wang family were living in the belly of the beast!
The Wang Family Compound is not only ____44____ incredible example of residential architecture, but it is alsohome to a museum of architectural art. ____45____ (amaze) sculptures of stone, wood and brick can be found throughout
the inside of its many courtyards.
【答案】
36.handed 37.is located 38.that##which 39.dynasties 40.stretching 41.consists 42.
symbolically 43.In 44.an 45.Amazing
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了王家大院的概况。
36.考查动词。句意:王家大院是中华文明世代相传的一个罕见的例子。根据句意再分析句式结构可知,hand和
civilization之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词handed作后置定语表示“被传递”的文明,符合语境。故填
handed。
37.考查固定短语。句意:像许多山西大院一样,它位于灵石县,距离平遥古城35公里。分析句意再根据提示词
locate可知,此处用固定短语be located in表示“位于……”,又因为主语是it且描述一般事实,所以be动词用
is。故填is located。
38.考查定语从句。句意:王家大院实际上是一个建筑群的集合,它们都是在一个高大的外墙内建造的。分析句
式结构可知,此处是定语从句,先行词是物,且从句中缺少主语,所以用关系代词that或which来引导。故填
that/which。
39.考查名词。句意:在明清时期,它在一系列的山上建起了真正宏伟的规模,占地面积达25万平方米。分析句
意再根据空格前的the Ming and Qing可知,此处指明清两个朝代,所以应该用名词的复数形式。故填dynasties。
40.考查非谓语动词。句意:同上。根据句意再分析句式结构可知,stretch和主语之间是主动关系,所以用非谓
语动词中的现在分词stretching表主动关系,作伴随状语,符合语境。故填stretching。
41.考查主谓一致。句意:整个住宅由五座城堡、五条小巷和五座祠堂组成。分析句式结构可知,空格处是谓语
动词的位置,因为主语The whole residence指“整个住宅”看作一个整体,所以谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式,
故填consists。
42.考查副词。句意:根据中国传统文化,这五座城堡被设计成象征着五种幸运的动物:龙、凤、龟、麒麟和虎。
分析句式结构可知,修饰动词represent应该用副词,所以空格处应该用提示词的副词形式。故填symbolically。
43.考查介词。句意:简言之,你可以说王家是生活在野兽的肚子里!分析句意再根据空格后的short可知,此处
用介词in构成固定短语in short表示“简言之”符合语境,且位于句首的单词首字母要大写。故填In。
44.考查冠词。句意:王家大院不仅是住宅建筑的典范,也是建筑艺术博物馆的所在地。分析句意可知,此处应
该用不定冠词表泛指,又因为单词incredible以元音音素开头,所以应该用不定冠词an。故填an。
45.考查非谓语动词。句意:在它的许多庭院内部,都可以找到令人惊叹的石头、木头和砖的雕塑。分析句意再
根据空格后的名词短语sculptures of stone可知,此处应该用形容词amazing修饰指物的名词,表示“令人惊叹的”
符合语境,且位于句首的单词首字母要大写。故填Amazing。
3.【2023·河北省石家庄市统考】阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
词数:216话题:北京胡同
The history of hutongs can date back to the Yuan Dynasty (1271 — 1368), when the term “hutong”, ___36___
(initial) meaning “water wells”, first appeared in its capital, now known as Beijing. The Yuan nobles and high-ranking army
officials ___37___ (award) lands as their estates in the city. They built houses and courtyards, now called “Siheyuan”,
which were arranged in ___38___ orderly way around the wells.
In the Ming Dynasty (1368 —1644), the center of Beijing was the Forbidden City, with the Inner City and Outer City
___39___ (surround) it. Upper class citizens were permitted to live closer ___40___ the center. Nobles lived to the east
and west of the palace. The hutongs formed by their houses were lined by spacious homes and gardens. Farther from thepalace and to its north and south ___41___ (be) the commoners. Their Siheyuans were far smaller in size and simpler
in___42___(decorate), and the hutongs were narrower.
Nowadays, if you visit Beijing, Nanluoguxiang is a must-see. The 786-meter long south-north hutong is lined with
bars, hotels and stores. There are also 8 hutongs —___43___ (hide) on the east and west sides of the main lane of
Nanluoguxiang as well as former residences ___44___ celebrities once lived.
Hutongs are the home of the Beijing____45____ (local), who have a deep affection for them.
【答案】36.initially 37.were awarded 38.an 39.surrounding 40.to 41.were 42.decoration 43.
hidden 44.where 45.locals
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北京胡同的历史以及作用。
36.考查副词。句意:胡同的历史可以追溯到元朝(1271 — 1368),当时“胡同”一词最初意为“水井”,首次出
现在首都北京。修饰动词mean应用副词initially,作状语。故填initially。
37.考查时态语态。句意:元朝贵族和高级军官被授予土地作为他们在城里的产业。主语与谓语构成被动关系,
且描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were awarded。
38.考查冠词。句意:他们建造房屋和庭院,现在被称为“四合院”,它们围绕着水井有序地排列。短语in an
orderly way表示“有序地”。故填an。
39.考查非谓语动词。句意:在明朝(1368—1644),北京的中心是紫禁城,内城和外城围绕着它。此处surround与
the Inner City and Outer City构成主动关系,故用现在分词作宾补。故填surrounding。
40.考查介词。句意:上层阶级的公民被允许住在离市中心更近的地方。短语close to表示“靠近”。故填to。
41.考查主谓一致。句意:离宫殿更远的地方,在它的北面和南面是平民。此处为完全倒装,主语为the
commoners,结合上文were可知为一般过去时,谓语用复数。故填were。
42.考查名词。句意:他们的四合院面积小得多,装饰简单,胡同也窄得多。作宾语,应用名词decoration。故填
decoration。
43.考查非谓语动词。句意:还有8条胡同,隐藏在南锣鼓巷主巷的东西两侧,以及名人曾经居住过的故居。分
析句子结构可知hide与逻辑主语8 hutongs构成被动关系,故用过去分词作状语。故填hidden。
44.考查定语从句。句意:还有8条胡同,隐藏在南锣鼓巷主巷的东西两侧,以及名人曾经居住过的故居。此处
为定语从句修饰先行词residences,从句缺少地点状语,故用where引导。故填where。
45.考查名词的数。句意:胡同是北京人的家,北京人对胡同有着深厚的感情。local为可数名词,后文谓语have
为原形,可知用复数形式。故填locals。
4.【2023·江西省赣州市赣县第三中学期中】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形
式。
词数:175话题:北京的胡同和四合院
People say that the real culture of Beijing exists ____41____ the culture of hutong and siheyuan. The hutongs
____42____ (locate) in Beijing are formed by lanes of siheyuan, which is a type of residence in ____43____ houses are
purposely built to form squares or rectangles.
In the mid 20th century, several hutongs in Beijing were torn down to pave the way for the ____44____ (develop) of
the city. However, since then, thanks to efforts designed to safeguard this ____45____ (significance) aspect of the Chinese
architectural culture, many hutongs ____46____ (preserve).
Because of the interlacement (交织) of the lanes, every house is connected to the other, making ____47____ easy for
local people to keep in touch with their neighbors. ____48____, once one enters any of them, one can feel the deep and
warm relationships among people, which is rarely found in this modern world.
Gossiping in these lanes ____49____ (be) a common scene as it is the main way for people _____50_____ (strong)their relationship. Where there is such a lane, there is a story.
【答案】
41.in 42.located 43.which 44.development 45.significant 46.have been preserved 47.it 48.
Therefore 49.is 50.to strengthen
【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文,主要介绍了北京的胡同和四合院。
41.考查介词。句意:人们说,真正的北京文化在于胡同和四合院的文化。根据句意可知,此处意为“在
于”exist in,故填in。
42.考查过去分词。句意:北京的胡同是由四合院的巷子组成的。四合院是一种专门把房子建造成正方形或长方
形的住宅。根据句子分析可知,此处做hutongs的后置定语,hutongs与locate之间为被动关系,故用过去分词,故
填located。
43.考查定语从句。句意:北京的胡同是由四合院的巷子组成的。四合院是一种专门把房子建造成正方形或长方
形的住宅。根据句子分析可知,residence为先行词,后跟定语从句,先行词在从句中介词in的宾语,构成介词短
语in which,在从句中作地点状语,相当于where,故填which。
44.考查名词。句意:在20世纪中期,为了城市的发展,北京推倒了几个胡同。根据句意可知,此处表示“为
了……的发展”,for the development of,故填development。
45.考查形容词。句意:然而,自从那时起,多亏了保护中国建筑文化的努力,很多胡同被保存了下来。结合句
意和空后的名词aspect可知,此处缺定语,应用形容词做定语修饰名词aspect,故填significant。
46.考查语态。句意:然而,自从那时起多亏了保护中国建筑文化的努力,很多胡同被保存了下来。根据句子分
析可知,此处many hutongs做主语,为复数,此空做谓语动词,两者之间为被动关系,且时间状语为“since
then”,故应用现在完成时的被动语态,故填have been preserved。
47.考查代词。句意:因为道路的交织,每个房子都连接着,让当地人很容易和邻居保持联系。根据句子分析可
知,此空句中作形式宾语,真正的宾语为后文的to keep in touch with their neighbors,故应用it做形式宾语,故填
it。
48.考查副词。句意:因此,一旦某人进入到了四合院,他就能感觉到人们之间深厚的、温暖的感情。根据前文
四合院的人很容易与邻居保持联系可知,空后人们间的感情很好与前文构成因果关系,故填Therefore。
49.考查时态。句意:在这些胡通道里聊天是一个很常见的景象,因为这是人们加强关系的一个主要方式。
Gossiping动名词做主语,谓语用单数,且此处陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时,故填is。
50.考查动词不定式。句意:在这些胡通道里聊天是一个很常见的景象,因为这是人们加强关系的一个主要方式。
根据句子分析可知,此处表示the way to do sth“做某事的方式”,动词不定式做定语,故填to strengthen。