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Cet4 阅读词汇讲义
讲解：张建
微博@教英语的张建
红书@考研英语张建【第一课：词汇部分】
surrounding /səˈraʊndɪŋ/ adj. 周围的，附近的
surroundings /səˈraʊndɪŋz/ n. 环境；周围的事物
phenomenon /fəˈnɑː mɪnən/ n. 现象
phenomena /fəˈnɑː mɪnə/ n. 现象
bear /ber/ vt. 忍受；承担
sound /saʊnd/ n.海峡 adj. 合理的；无损的；健全的
colleague /ˈkɑː liː ɡ/ n. 同事，同僚
investigate /ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt/ vt.调查
evolve /ɪˈvɑː lv/ vt. 发展；进化 vi.进展；进化
involve /ɪnˈvɑː lv/ vt. 包含；牵涉
revolve /rɪˈvɑː lv/ vt. 使…旋转
puzzle /ˈpʌzl/ vt.使…迷惑不解
bewilder /bɪˈwɪldər/ vt. 使迷惑
performance /pərˈfɔː rməns/ n. 性能；绩效；表演
affect /əˈfekt/ vt.影响
affection /əˈfekʃn/ n. 喜爱，感情
previous /ˈpriː viəs/ adj. 以前的；早先的
conduct /kənˈdʌkt;/ vt. 组织，实施，进行 n. 行为举止；方式
code of conduct 行为准则；规范
dolphin /ˈdɑː lfɪn/ n. 海豚
alert /əˈlɜː rt/ adj. 警惕的，警觉的 vt. 使警觉，警告
1predator /ˈpredətər/ n. [动] 捕食者；[动] 食肉动物
wonder /ˈwʌndər/ vt./vi.想知道，感到惊讶
department /dɪˈpɑː rtmənt/ n. 部门，系
participant /pɑː rˈtɪsɪpənt/ n. 参与者，参加者
monitor /ˈmɑː nɪtər/ n.监视器；班长 vt.监控
overall /oʊvərɔː l/ adj./adv. 全部的；全体的
manner /ˈmænər/ n. 方式；习惯
hemisphere /ˈhemɪsfɪr/ n. 半球
sphere /sfɪr/ n.球体
curious /ˈkjʊriəs/ adj. 好奇的
indeed /ɪnˈdiː d/ adv. 的确
detect /dɪˈtekt/ vt.察觉，发现
detectaphone /dɪˈtektəˌfoʊn/ n.窃听器
stir /stɜː r/ n./vt.搅拌，搅动
stir /stɜː r/ n./vt.搅拌，搅动
extent /ɪkˈstent/ n. 程度；范围；长度
circumstance /ˈsɜː rkəmstæns/ n. 环境；状况；境遇
trigger /ˈtrɪɡər/ n. 扳机；起因 vt. 触发，引起；
benefactor /ˈbenɪfæktər/ n.捐助者
beneficent /bɪˈnefɪs(ə)nt/ adj. 慈善的；善行的
beneficial /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl/ adj. 有益的，有利的
pattern /ˈpætərn/ n. 模式；图案
2recruit /rɪˈkruː t/ vt./n. 征募；聘用
tone /toʊn/ n.语气；音调
monotonous /məˈnɑː tənəs/ adj. 单调的
adaptation /ˌædæpˈteɪʃn/ n. 适应；改编
stimulate /ˈstɪmjuleɪt/ vt. 刺激；鼓舞
stick /stɪk/ n.棍子
response /rɪˈspɑː ns/ n. 响应；反应；回答
threat /θret/ n. 威胁，恐吓
tolerance /ˈtɑː lərəns/ n. 宽容，容忍；耐力
【第一课：文章部分】
That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar
surroundings is a phenomenon known as the “first-night” effect. If a person
stays inthe sameroomthe following nightthey tend to sleepmore soundly.Yuka
Sasakiandher colleagues atBrownUniversity setouttoinvestigatetheoriginsof
this effect.
Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how
humans evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when
performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous
work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains
to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid
predators (捕食者）. This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same
thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in
the unfamiliar environment of the university’s Department of Psychological
Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were
carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr.
3Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than
they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and
sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a
similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left
hemispheres (半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right
hemispheres did.
Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process
information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the
experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly
timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone
during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to
keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps
by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is
precisely what she found.
46. What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect?
A) To what extent it can trouble people. C) What circumstances may trigger it.
B) What role it has played in evolution. D) In what way it can be beneficial.
47. What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research?
A) She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.
B) She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way.
C) She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins
D) She conducted studies on birds’ and dolphins’ sleeping patterns.
48. What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?
A)Shemonitoredthe brainactivity ofparticipants sleepinginanewenvironment.
B)Sherecruited35participantsfromher DepartmentofPsychologicalSciences.
C) She studied the differences between the two sides of participants’ brains.
D) She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects.
49. What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?
A) She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains.
4B) She recorded participants’ adaptation to changed environment.
C) She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.
D) She compared the responses of different participants.
50. What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?
A) They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others.
B) They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat.
C) They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps.
D) They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones.
【第二课：词汇部分】
urban /ˈɜː rbən/ adj. 城市的；住在都市的
urbanite /ˈɜː rbənaɪt/ n.城市居民
suburb /ˈsʌbɜː rb/ n.郊区
inurbane /ˌɪnɜː ˈbeɪn/ adj. 粗野的
impact /ˈɪmpækt/ vi. 影响；撞击 vt.撞击；对…产生影响 n. 巨大影响；撞击
positive /ˈpɑː zətɪv/ adj. 积极的，阳性的
negative /ˈneɡətɪv/ adj. 消极的；阴性的
mentality /menˈtæləti/ n. 心态
mental disorder 精神病
anxiety /æŋˈzaɪəti/ n. 焦虑
ADHD 多动症
depression /dɪˈpreʃn/ n.抑郁症
bipolar disorder 躁郁症
dislocation /ˌdɪsloʊˈkeɪʃn/ n.脱臼
5dual personality 双重人格
aerospace /ˈeroʊspeɪs/ adj. 航空和航天的
aerobics /eˈroʊbɪks/ n. 有氧运动法
fruitful /ˈfruː tfl/ adj. 富有成效的；多产的
original /əˈrɪdʒənl/ adj.原来的，开始的
primary /ˈpraɪmeri/ adj.主要的，初级的
词根ori-开始，升起
origin /ˈɔː rɪdʒɪn/ n.起源；来历
original /əˈrɪdʒənl/ adj.原始的，最初的，原创的
originate /əˈrɪdʒɪneɪt/ vi.起源
orient /ˈɔː rient/ n. 东方
oriental /ˌɔː riˈentl/ n. 东方人
orientation /ˌɔː riənˈteɪʃn/ n. 定向，定位
disorient /dɪsˈɔː rient/ vt. 使迷失方向
coconut /ˈkoʊkənʌt/ n. 椰子
mango /ˈmæŋɡoʊ/ n.芒果
dragon fruit n.火龙果
watermelon /ˈwɔː tərmelən/ n.西瓜
muskmelon /ˈmʌskˌmelən/ n.甜瓜
mal-/mel-: 坏，恶
malice /ˈmælɪs/ n. 恶意
malcontent /ˌmælkənˈtent/ adj. 不满的
6malefaction /ˌmæləˈfækʃən/ n. 罪行
maltreat /ˌmælˈtriː t/ vt. 虐待
malpractice /ˌmælˈpræktɪs/ n.不法行为
well-being n. 幸福；康乐
weal /wiː l/ n. 幸福；鞭痕
conflict /ˈkɑː nflɪkt/ n./vi.冲突，矛盾
inflict /ɪnˈflɪkt/ vt. vt. 造成；使遭受
afflict /əˈflɪkt/ vt. 折磨；使痛苦
sustain /səˈsteɪn/ vt. 维持；支撑，承担
sustained /səˈsteɪnd/ adj. 持续的；持久的
promote /prəˈmoʊt/ vt. 促进；提升
promotion /prəˈmoʊʃn/ n. 提升，晋升；促销；促进
motion /ˈmoʊʃn/ n. 动作
motive /ˈməʊtɪv/ n. 动机
motivate /ˈmoʊtɪveɪt/ vt. 刺激
short-term adj. 短期的
long-term adj.长期的
display /dɪˈspleɪ/ n. 显示 vt. 显示；表现
strive /straɪv/ vi. 努力；奋斗；抗争
compile /kəmˈpaɪl/ vt. 编译；编制
sensible /ˈsensəbl/ adj. 明智的；通情达理的
tutor /ˈtuː tər/ n.家庭教师
7efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃnsi/ n. 效率；效能；功效
classmate /ˈklæsmeɪt/ n.同学
teammate /ˈtiː mmeɪt/ n.队友
material /məˈtɪriəl/ n.材料
identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ vt.识别
unidentified /ˌʌnaɪˈdentɪfaɪd/ adj.不可识别的
cutting-edge adj.先进的，尖端的
journal /ˈdʒɜː rnl/ n.日记，杂志
journalism /ˈdʒɜː rnəlɪzəm/ n.新闻业
journalist /ˈdʒɜː rnəlɪst/ n.记者
journey /ˈdʒɜː rni/ n.旅行
journeywork /ˈdʒɜː nɪˌwɜː k/ n. 雇佣性工作
journeyman /ˈdʒɜː rnimən/ n. 短工
fame /feɪm/ n. 名声，名望
apparent /əˈpærənt/ adj. 显然的；表面上的
log /lɔː ɡ/ n. 原木；日志
ambition /æmˈbɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 野心
deliberate /dɪˈlɪbərət/ adj. 故意的；深思熟虑的 vt. 仔细考虑
deliberation /dɪˌlɪbəˈreɪʃn/ n. 审议；考虑
reside /rɪˈzaɪd/ vi. 住，居住
inhabit /ɪnˈhæbɪt/ vi./vt. 栖息；居住于
resident /ˈrezɪdənt/ n. 居民；住院医生
8inhabitant /ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/ n. 居民；居住者
【第二课：文章部分】
Living in an urban area with green spaces has a long-lasting positive impact
on people's mental well-being, a study has suggested. UK researchers found
moving to a green space had a sustained positive effect, unlike pay rises or
promotions, which only provided a short-term boost. Co-author Mathew White,
fromtheUniversityofExeter,UK,explainedthatthestudyshowedpeoplelivingin
greener urban areas were displaying fewer signs of depression or anxiety.
"There could be a number of reasons," he said, "for example, people do many
thingstomakethemselveshappier:theystriveforpromotionorpayrises,orthey
get married. But the trouble with those things is that within six months to a year,
peoplearebacktotheir original baseline levels ofwell-being. So,thesethings are
not sustainable; they don't make us happy in the long term. We found that for
some lottery (彩票) winners who had won more than ￡500,000 the positive
effect was definitely there, but after six months to a year, they were back to the
baseline."
Dr. White said his team wanted to see whether living in greener urban areas
had a lasting positive effect on people's sense of well-being or whether the effect
also disappeared after a period of time. To do this, the team used data from the
British Household Panel Survey compiled by the University of Essex.
Explaining what the data revealed, he said: "What you see is that even after
threeyears, mentalhealth is stillbetter, which is unlike many other things that we
think will make us happy." He observed that people living in green spaces were
less stressed, and less stressed people made more sensible decisions and
communicated better.
With a growing body of evidence establishing a link between urban green
spaces and a positive impact on human well-being, Dr. White said, "There's
9growing interest among public policy officials, but the trouble is who funds it.
Whatwereallyneedatapolicylevelistodecidewherethemoneywillcomefrom
to help support good quality local green spaces."
1.According to one study, what do green spaces do to people?
A)Improve their work efficiency.
B)Add to their sustained happiness.
C)Help them build a positive attitude towards life.
D)Lessen their concerns about material well-being.
2.What does Dr. White say people usually do to make themselves happier?
A)Earn more money.
B)Settle in an urban area.
C)Gain fame and popularity.
D)Live in a green environment.
3.What does Dr. White try to find out about living in a greener urban area?
A)How it affects different people.
B)How strong its positive effect is.
C)How long its positive effect lasts.
D)How it benefits people physically.
4.What did Dr. White's research reveal about people living in a green
environment?
A)Their stress was more apparent than real.
B)Their decisions required less deliberation.
C)Their memories were greatly strengthened.
D)Their communication with others improved.
5. According to Dr. White, what should the government do to build more green
spaces in cities?
A)Find financial support.
B)Improve urban planning.
C)Involve local residents in the effort.
10D)Raise public awareness of the issue.
【第三课：词汇部分】
concoct /kənˈkɑː kt/ vt.捏造；混合而制
interface /ˈɪntərfeɪs/ n. 界面
decade /ˈdekeɪd/ n. 十年
decent /ˈdiː snt/ adj.得体的；相当好的
indecent /ɪnˈdiː snt/ adj. 下流的；不礼貌的
pocket /ˈpɑː kɪt/ n. 口袋；钱 vt. 隐藏；忍受
specification /ˌspesɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 规格；说明书；详述
laptop /ˈlæptɑː p/ n. 膝上型轻便电脑，笔记本电脑
application /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 应用, 申请, 志愿书, 应用程序 n. [计] 应用, 应用程序
device /dɪˈvaɪs/ n. 装置, 设计,设备
plug /plʌɡ/ n. 塞子, 栓, 插头 vt. 插入, 塞住, 接插头 vi. 被塞住
wireless /ˈwaɪərləs/ n. 无线电 adj. 无线的, 无线电的
expand /ɪkˈspænd/ vt./vi. 使膨胀, 详述, 扩张
incident /ˈɪnsɪdənt/ n. 事件，事变
incidence/ˈɪnsɪdəns/ n. 发生率；影响；
incidentally /ˌɪnsɪˈdentli/ adv. 伴随地, 偶然, 顺便
Millennials /mɪˈleniəl/ n.千禧世代；千禧一代
proverbial /prəˈvɜː rbiəl/ adj. 谚语的, 谚语式的, 众所周知的
norm /nɔː rm/ n. 基准, 模范, 标准, 准则
11normal /ˈnɔː rml/ adj. 正常的；正规的
deliver /dɪˈlɪvər/ vt. 递送,释放
sensor /ˈsensər/ n.传感器
consent /kənˈsent/ v./n.同意
consensus /kənˈsensəs/ n. 一致
dissent /dɪˈsent/ vi./n.不同意
resent /rɪˈzent/ vt.憎恨
nonsense /ˈnɑː nsens/ n.胡话
automation/ˌɔː təˈmeɪʃn/ n. 自动化, 自动操作
intelligent /ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/ adj. 聪明的, 智能的, 了解的
quotient /ˈkwoʊʃnt/ n.商
quota /ˈkwoʊtə/ n. 定额；限额
facility /fəˈsɪləti/ n. 设备
unprecedented/ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd/ adj. 空前的
rapidly/ˈræpɪdli/ adv. 飞快地, 迅速地, 赶紧地
extract /ˈekstrækt/ n. 摘录, 选段 vt. 取出, 榨取, 摘录
leverage /ˈlevərɪdʒ/ n. 杠杆作用, 杠杆装置
access /ˈækses/ n. 通路, 入口, 接近, 进入, 使用权, 发作 vt. 访问, 存取, 接近, 使用
drama /ˈdrɑː mə/ n. 戏剧，戏剧性事件
dramatically /drəˈmætɪkli/ adv. 戏剧地, 引人注目地
serve /sɜː rv/ vt. 招待，供应；为…服务 vi. 服役，服务，发球 n.发球
capacity /kəˈpæsəti/ n. 容量, 能力, 才能, 资格
12widespread /ˈwaɪdspred/ adj. 广布的, 普及的
operation /ˌɑː pəˈreɪʃn/ n. 操作, 动作, 手术
embrace /ɪmˈbreɪs/ n./vt./vi. 拥抱, 互相拥抱
profitable /ˈprɑː fɪtəbl/ adj. 有利润的, 有利益的, 赚钱的
ordinary /ˈɔː rdneri/ adj. 平常的, 普通的, 平凡的 n. 平常的人
subordinate /səˈbɔː rdɪnət/ n. 部属，下属 adj.从属的
coordinate /koʊˈɔː rdɪneɪt/ vt.协调 adj.协调的 n.坐标
tango /ˈtæŋɡoʊ/ n.探戈
tangible /ˈtændʒəbl/ adj. 可触摸的, 有实体的,有形的
intangible /ɪnˈtændʒəbl/ adj. 无形的，难以理解的
【第三课：文章部分】
Our world now moves so fast that we seldom stop to see just how far we
have come in just a few years. The latest iPhone 6s,for example, has a dual-core
processor and fits nicely into your pocket. By comparison, you would expect to
find a technological specification like this on your standard laptop in an office
anywhere in the world.
It’s no wonder shat new applications for the Internet of Things are moving
ahead fast when almost every new device we buy has a plug on the end of it or a
wireless connection to the internet. Soon, our current smartphone lifestyle will
expand to create our own smart home lifestyle too.
All researches agree that close to 25 billion devices, things and sensors will
beconnectedby 2020whichincidentallyisalsothemomentthatMillennials(千禧
一代) are expected to make up 75 percent of our overall workforce, and the fully
connected home become a reality for large numbers of people worldwide.
13However, this is just the tip of the proverbial iceberg as smart buildings and
even cities increasingly become the norm as leaders and business owners begin
towakeuptothemassivesavingsthattechnologycandeliverthroughconnected
sensors and new forms of automation coupled with intelligent energy and
facilities management.
Online security cameras, intelligent lighting and a wealth of sensors that
control both temperature and air quality are offering an unprecedented level of
control, efficiency, and improvements to what were once classed necessary
costs when running a business or managing a large building.
We can expect that the ever-growing list of devices, systems and
environmentsremainconnected,always onlineand talkingtoeachother.Thebig
benefit will not only be in the housing of this enormous and rapidly growing
amount of data, but will also be in the ability to run real time data analytics to
extract actionable and ongoing knowledge.
The biggest and most exciting challenge of this technology is how to
creatively leverage this ever-growing amount of data to deliver cost savings,
improvements and tangible benefits to both businesses and citizens of these
smart cities.
The good news is that most of this technology is already invented. Let's face
it, it wasn't too long ago that the idea of working from anywhere and at anytime
was some form of a distant utopian(乌托邦式的) dream, and yet now we can
perform almost any office-based task from any location in the world as long as
we have access to the internet.
It's time to wake up to the fact that making smart buildings, cities and homes
will dramatically improve our quality of life in the years ahead.
51.What does the example of iPhone 6s serve to show?
A)The huge capacity of the smartphones people now use.
B)The widespread use of smartphones all over the world.
C)The huge impact of new technology on people's everyday life.
14D)The rapid technological progress in a very short period of time.
52. What can we expect to see by the year 2020?
A)Apps for the internet of Things. C)The emergence of Millennials.
B) The popularization of smart homes. D)Total globalization of the world.
53.Whatwill business owners do when they become aware of the benefits ofthe
internet of Things?
A)Employ fewer workers in their operations.
B)Gain automatic control of their businesses.
C) Invest in more smart buildings and cities.
D)Embrace whatever new technology there is.
54. What is the most exciting challenge when we possess more and more data?
A) How to turn it to profitable use. C)How to link the actionable systems.
B)How to do real time data analysis. D)How to devise new ways to store it.
55. What does the author think about working from anywhere and at anytime?
A)It is feasible with a connection to the internet.
B) It will thrive in smart buildings, cities and homes.
C) It is still a distant utopian dream for ordinary workers.
D)It will deliver tangible benefits to both boss and worker.
【第四课：词汇部分】
photography /fəˈtɑː ɡrəfi/ n. 摄影；摄影术
photic /ˈfoʊtɪk/ adj.光的；发光的
photophobia /ˌfotəˈfobɪə/ n.畏光
photosynthesis /ˌfoʊtoʊˈsɪnθəsɪs/ n.光合作用
geography /dʒiˈɑː ɡrəfi/ n. 地理
telegraph /ˈtelɪɡræf/ n. 电报
15biography /baɪˈɑː ɡrəfi/ n. 传记
calligraphy /kəˈlɪɡrəfi/ n. 书法
laborious /ləˈbɔː riəs/ adj. 艰苦的；费劲的；勤劳的
ordeal /ɔː rˈdiː l/ n. 折磨；严酷的考验
infinite /ˈɪnfɪnət/ adj. 无限的
definite /ˈdefɪnət/ adj.确定的
companion /kəmˈpænjən/ n. 同伴；朋友；指南；手册
document /ˈdɑː kjumənt/ n.文件 vt.记录
file /faɪl/ n. 文件 vt. 提出
profile /ˈproʊfaɪl/ n.简况
high-profile adj. 高调的；备受瞩目的
interrupt /ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/ vt./vi. 中断；打断
associate /əˈsoʊʃieɪt/ vt. 联想，联系
fellow /ˈfeloʊ/ adj. 同类的，同伴的 n. 同事，朋友
embark /ɪmˈbɑː rk/ vi. 上船/飞机; 开始从事
presence /ˈprezns/ n. 存在；出席；参加
absence /ˈæbsəns/ n. 没有；缺乏；缺席
absent-minded adj. 心不在焉的；健忘的
slight /slaɪt/ adj. 轻微的，少量的
blight /blaɪt/ vi. 枯萎 n.枯萎
forbade /fərˈbeɪd/ vt. 禁止（forbid的过去式）
digital /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/ adj. 数字的
16heighten /ˈhaɪtn/ vt./vi. 提高；增高
relief /rɪˈliː f/ n.减轻
relieve /rɪˈliː v/ vt.减轻
belief /bɪˈliː f/ n. 相信
believe /bɪˈliː v/ vt.相信
receive /rɪˈsiː v/ vt. 接收
reception /rɪˈsepʃn/ n. 接待；接收
recipient /rɪˈsɪpiənt/ n. 接受者
blue-ribbon adj. 第一流的；头等的
hang onto 紧紧抓住，依附
immerse /ɪˈmɜː rs/ vt. 沉浸
emerge /ɪˈmɜː rdʒ/ vi.出现
submerge /səbˈmɜː rdʒ/ vt./vi. 淹没；潜水 adj. 在水下的
emergency n.出现，急诊
immersed adj. 浸入的；专注的
satisfy /ˈsætɪsfaɪ/ vt./vi. 令人满意；令人满足
Jupiter /ˈdʒuː pɪtər/ n.木星
Mercury /ˈmɜː rkjəri/ n.水银，水星
merchant /ˈmɜː rtʃənt/ n. 商人
merchandise /ˈmɜː rtʃəndaɪz/ vi.推销
Pluto /ˈpluː toʊ/ n. 冥王；冥王星
plutocrat /ˈpluː təkræt/ n. 财阀；富豪
17plutocracy /pluː ˈtɑː krəsi/ n. 富豪统治
Venus /ˈviː nəs/ n.金星
erode /ɪˈroʊd/ vt. 腐蚀
erotic /ɪˈrɑː tɪk/ adj. 色情的 n. 好色之徒
Mars /mɑː rz/ n. 火星；战神
march /mɑː rtʃ/ vt./n.行军
snap /snæp/ vt./vi. 突然折断，拉断；猛咬
engaged /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒd/ adj. 忙碌的；使用中的；已订婚的vt. 吸引，占用vi. 从事；参与
painstaking /ˈpeɪnzteɪkɪŋ/ adj. 艰苦的；勤勉的；小心的n. 辛苦；勤勉
luxury /ˈlʌkʃəri/ n. 奢侈，奢华；奢侈品；享受adj. 奢侈的
master /ˈmæstər/ n. 主人；大师 vt. 精通；控制
enrich /ɪnˈrɪtʃ/ vt. 使充实；使肥沃；使富足
distract /dɪˈstrækt/ vt. 转移；分心
absorb /əbˈsɔː rb/ vt. 吸收；吸引；理解
derive /dɪˈraɪv/ vt./vi. 源于
instructor /ɪnˈstrʌktər/ n. 教练; 教师
supervisor /ˈsuː pərvaɪzər/ n. 监督员; 指导者
mentor /ˈmentɔː r/ n. 导师 vt. 指导
amentia /əˈmenʃɪə/ n. 智力缺陷
demented /dɪˈmentɪd/ adj. 失去理智的
mentation /menˈteɪʃən/ n. 心智活动
【第四课：文章部分】
18Photography was once an expensive, laborious ordeal reserved for life's
greatest milestones. Now, the only apparent cost to taking infinite photos of
something ascommonas a meal isthe spaceonyourhard drive andyour dining
companion's patience.
But is there another cost, a deeper cost, to documenting a life experience
instead of simply enjoying it? "You hear that you shouldn't take all these photos
and interrupt the experience, and it's bad for you, and we're not living in the
present moment," says Kristin Diehl, associate professor of marketing at the
University of Southern California Marshall School of Business.
Diehl and her fellow researchers wanted to find out if that was true, so they
embarked on a series of nine experiments in the lab and in the field testing
people's enjoyment in the presence or absence of a camera. The results,
published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, surprised them.
Taking photos actually makes people enjoy what they're doing more, not less.
"What we find is you actually look at the world slightly differently, because
you're looking for things you want to capture, that you may want to hang onto,"
Diehl explains. "That gets people more engaged in the experience, and they tend
to enjoy it more."
Take sightseeing. In one experiment, nearly 200 participants boarded a
double-decker bus for a tour of Philadelphia. Both bus tours forbade the use of
cellphonesbutonetourprovideddigitalcamerasandencouragedpeopletotake
photos. The people who took photos enjoyed the experience significantly more,
and said they were more engaged, than those who didn't.
Snapping a photo directs attention, which heightens the pleasure you get
from whatever you're looking at, Diehl says. It works for things as boring as
archaeological(考古的)museums, where people were given eye-tracking glasses
and instructed either to take photos or not. "People look longer at things they
want to photograph," Diehl says. They report liking the exhibits more, too.
To the relief of Instagrammers (Instagram 用户) everywhere, it can even
19make meals more enjoyable. When people were encouraged to take at least
three photos while they ate lunch, they were more immersed in their meals than
those who weren't told to take photos.
Was it the satisfying click of the camera? The physical act of the snap? No,
they found; just the act of planning to take a photo—and not actually taking it—
had the same joy-boosting effect. "If you want to take mental photos, that works
the same way," Diehl says. "Thinking about what you would want to photograph
also gets you more engaged."
51.What does the author say about photo-taking in the past?
A)It was a painstaking effort for recording life's major events.
B)It was a luxury that only a few wealthy people could enjoy.
C)It was a good way to preserve one's precious images.
D)It was a skill that required lots of practice to master
52. Kristin Diehl conducted a series of experiments on photo-taking to find out
_______.
A)what kind of pleasure it would actually bring to photo-takers
B)whether people enjoyed it when they did sightseeing
C)how it could help to enrich people's life experiences
D)whether it prevented people enjoying what they were doing
53. What do the results of Diehl's experiments show about people taking
pictures?
A)They are distracted from what they are doing.
B)They can better remember what they see or do.
C)They are more absorbed in what catches their eye.
D)They can have a better understanding of the world.
54. What is found about museum visitors with the aid of eye-tracking glasses?
A)They come out with better photographs of the exhibits.
B)They focus more on the exhibits when taking pictures.
C)They have a better view of what are on display.
20D)They follow the historical events more easily.
55. What do we learn from the last paragraph?
A)It is better to make plans before taking photos.
B)Mental photos can be as beautiful as snapshots.
C)Photographers can derive great joy from the click of the camera.
D)Even the very thought of taking a photo can have a positive effect.
21
