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Unit 3 Section B 2a-2e 学案 (知识精讲+分层作业)
【词汇用法】
1.辨析：spend, pay, take, cost
spend和pay的主语是人，spend常用于spend…on sth.或spend…(in) doing sth.
pay常用于pay for sth.
take常用于It takes sb. sometime to do sth.结构中。
cost的主语是物。
如：I spent a year writing the novel.我花费一年写这部小说。
She paid 20 yuan for the ticket.她花费20元买票。
It takes me twenty minutes to go to school.上学花费我20分钟。
The book cost me 30 yuan.这本书花了我30元。
2.seem
形容词，意为“似乎……”
如：He seems happy today.今天他似乎很高兴。
后常接：形容词，动词不定式，宾语从句。
如：She seems to be hungry.她似乎饿了。
It seemed that he was very sad.他似乎很难过。
3.politely
作副词，意为“礼貌地；客气的”，反义词：impolitely
如：I ask her for help politely.
形容词形式是：polite，反义词：impolite
【重点句型】
1. When you visit a foreign country, it is important to know how to ask for help politely.
当你在国外游览时，知道如何礼貌求助很重要。
It might seem more difficult to speak politely than directly.
句子真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语to know how to ask for help politely. it是形式主
语，代替真正主语放句首，避免使句子头重脚轻。构成常见句式：It is + adj. (for sb. ) to do
sth. 做某事（对某人来说）是怎样的。
it 形式主语，无意义，放在句首避免头重脚轻；真主语：to speak politely than directly
might：情态动词“有可能，也许会”，表不确定的推测，比may语气委婉，含蓄，更不确定
e.g. It is very helpful to be able to speak a foreign language.
1) It took me three days to finish the project.完成这个项目花了我三天时间。
2) Gina might not be able to go.吉娜可能走不了。
常见的句型有：
1)It is + adj. (+ __for__ + sb.) + to do sth.。常用于此句型的形容词important,difficult, dangerous, necessary, useful, possible等, 用来对to do sth. 进行说明
如：It’s difficult for us to finish the work in an hour.
2) It is + adj. + _of + sb. + to do sth.
常用于此句型的形容词有good, kind, nice, clever, wise等, 用来对sb.的性格、品质等进行
说明。
如：It’s kind of you to say so.
politely作副词,意为“礼貌地;客气地”
He is a polite child. He speaks to everyone politely.
他是个有礼貌的孩子。他对每个人说话都很有礼貌
2. The expressions they use might depend on whom they are speaking to or how well they
know each other. 他们所使用的表述或许取决于他们与谁交谈，以及与谈话者之间的熟悉
程度。
(1)depend on +名词/代词/宾语从句:
“视……而定，取决于……”
The price of this kind of product depends on its quality instead of its size.
这种产品的价格取决于它的质量而不是它的大小。
It all depend on whether he likes the boss or not.
这完全取决于他是否喜欢这个老板。
depend on + 名词 Living things depend on sunlight.
depend on + v-ing We can depend on his coming on time.
depend on + 从句 That depends on how you do it.
(2) whom宾格人称代词, 意为“谁; 什么人”, 在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。
①在口语和非正式用法中, whom放在句首时, 常常被who所代替。例如: Who/Whom is he
talking to? ② 若whom 紧跟在介词之后, 则不可被 who所代替。例如: He is a man from
whom we should all learn.
3. For example, “Where are the restrooms?” or “Could you please tell me where the restrooms
are?” are similar requests for directions to a place.
例如，“公共厕所在哪里?”和“您能告诉我公共厕所在哪里吗？ ”是询问地点的类似的
请求。
request n. 意为“请求；恳求；要求；需求；索取”，多指对某事所提出的礼貌
或正式的恳请。
(make a) request for sth. (做出)……的要求
1) They made a request for further aid. 他们要求再给一些帮助。
2) Her request for time off work was denied.她的请假请求被拒绝了。
request是可数名同，意为“要求;请求”，其后 常接“for +名间”,意为“……的要求/请
求”。
We must make a request for help.我们必须请求帮助。
拓展request用作及物动词，意为“要求；请求”。 常见用法如下：
①request sth. ( from/of sb.)意为“（向某人） 请求某物”。
He requested some hot water from me. 他向我要了些热水。
②request sb. to do sth.意为“请求某人做某事”。
They requested him to leave at once.他们要求他立刻离开。
4.That is because it is a very direct question. 那是因为它是一个很直接的问题。
（1）That is because ... 意为“那是因为……”，后接句子，说明原因。
e.g. I was late for school. That’s because I got up late this morning.
我上学迟到了。那是因为我今天早上起晚了。
拓展：That is why ...“那就是……的原因”，后接句子，说明结果。
e.g. I met an old friend on the way, and that was why I was late for the meeting. 我在路上碰到
了一位老朋友，那就是我开会迟到的原因。
（2）direct 此处用作形容词，意为“直接的；直率的”，副词为 directly，意为“直接地”。
e.g. You’ll have to get used to his direct manner.你得慢慢习惯他这种直率的方式。
拓展：direct 还可以用作及物动词，意为“指导；导演；指路”。
e.g. He directed the building of the new bridge.他指导修建了这座新桥。
5.They include expressions such as “Could you please ...?” or “May I ask ...?” 它们包括像
“Could you please ...?”或“May I ask ...?”之类的表达方式。
include 作及物动词，意为“包括；包含”。
e.g. The price includes both the house and the furniture inside.
这个价格包括房子和里面的家具。
拓展：including用作介词，意为“包括；包含在内”，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式
included为形容词，意为“包括在内的”，通常置于名词之后
e.g. Six people, including a baby, were injured in the accident.
事故中有6人受伤，其中包括一名婴儿。
There are 100 people in this school, 20 teachers included.
这所学校有100个人，包括20名老师。
6.Sometimes we even need to spend time leading into a request.
有时，我们甚至需要花时间来导入一个请求。
lead into 意为“引入；导入”，指在做某事之前展开铺垫。
e.g. We often use “excuse me” to lead into a request.我们常用“excuse me”来导入一个请求。
拓展：lead to 意为“导致；通向”。
e.g. Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.
过量的工作和过少的休息经常引起疾病。
All roads lead to Rome. 条条大道通罗马。一、单项选择
( )1. Many people enjoy ______ some time ______ for a walk after supper every day.
A. to spend；going out B. spending；going out
C. spending；to go out D. to spend；to go out
( )2. — Do you know ______ Mr. Smith came here just now?
— Yes, I do. He came on foot.
A. how B. when C. where D. why
( )3. — Would you like ______ camping with me now?
— I’d like to. But I’m busy ______ my homework.
A. to go；to do B. to go；doing C. going；to do D. going；doing
( )4. — Let me help you carry the box, Granny.
— Thank you, Li Lei. It’s very nice ________ you ________ me.
A. of；to help B. for；to help C. of；helping D. for；helping
( )5. It’s difficult to live in a foreign country, ______if you can’t speak the language.
A. directly B. especially C. usually D. politely
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
6. It's very (polite) to talk loudly in public.
7.With (who) is Mr. Smith going to Qingdao?
8.To improve his spoken English, he often talks with some English (speak).
9.The museum is five miles in the opposite (direct).
10.I was very sorry (tell) the bad results to my family.
三、完成句子。
11. 这个课程不如那个难。
This course is ________ ________ than that one.
12. 你能告诉我在哪儿兑换零钱吗？
Could you tell me ________ ________ ________ some money?
13. 我想知道晚会什么时候开始。
I wonder ________ the party ________.
14. 王老师总是建议我们多读一些书。
Mr. Wang always ________ that we ________ ________ more books.
15. 昨天他的确和朋友出去吃饭了。
He ________ ________ ________ with his friend yesterday.
四、完形填空
A Swedish couple on holiday were traveling around Italy, and wanted to go to Capri.
Capri is an island in the south of the country, 16 for its beautiful coastline and a
popular tourist destination(目的地). The couple put their destination into their car's GPS(全球定位系统), 17 they made a spelling mistake. They 18 typed CARPI instead of
CAPRI. There is a real place called Carpi in Italy, but it is a small town in the 19 of the
country.
The couple followed the GPS directions. Although they were traveling to an island, it
didn't 20 them that they didn't even cross a bridge or see the sea. When they arrived in
Carpi, they went to the tourist office. They asked 21 they could go to the Blue Grotto, a
well-known sea cave in Capri. Of course, the office worker there couldn't 22 them. He
thought they wanted to go to a 2 3 called the Blue Grotto for dinner.
When the man realized that the couple thought they were in Capri, he 24 their
mistake. The couple got back into their car and started driving south. The office worker said,
“They were 2 5 , but not angry.”
It was a spelling mistake that took the couple 600 kilometers from their destination.
( )16.A.suitable B. useful C. good D. famous
( )17.A.and B. so C. or D. but
( )18.A.slowly B. carelessly C. patiently D. clearly
( )19.A.north B. south C. east D. west
( )20.A.satisfy B. relax C. worry D. touch
( )21.A.how B. where C. why D. what
( )22.A.refuse B. control C. doubt D. understand
( )23.A.museum B. restaurant C. station D. library
( )24.A.continued B. accepted C. explained D. repeated
( )25.A.interested B. surprised C. excited D. pleased
五、阅读理解
Every English learner needs to know how to ask for something in English. There are a
number of ways to do this. If you know someone has something, you can ask for it with a
polite question. If you don't know, it's possible to ask for something with a yes or no question.
Be careful not to use the direct expressions. In other words, don't say “Give that to me”, but
ask kindly as the following examples, “Do you have a pen I could borrow?” “Is there any
wine?” “Did you buy any bread?”
If you know or see someone has something, ask a polite question with “could”, “may” or
“might”. It's also possible to use “can” in some special situations. In the past, “can” was not
used when people asked for something, but meant ability. In the UK, people mainly use “Can
you lend me…?” or “Can I have…?” In the US, this is still considered to be wrong and “May I
have…?” is preferred.
It's common to use “Could you lend/hand/give…?” You can also use: “May/Can I
borrow…?” “Could/Can you lend me…?” “May I have…?” Do not begin a sentence with
“please”, but you can add “please” at the end of the sentence to be polite.
( )26.What can we ask if we know someone has something?A.A direct question. B.A no question.
C.A yes question. D.A polite question.
( )27.What can Lucy say politely if she wants some coffee?
A. Pass me some coffee. B. Is there any coffee?
C. Give me some coffee. D. Bring some coffee to me.
( )28.What didn't people say when they wanted something in the past?
A. Can I use your dictionary? B. Could you lend me your bike?
C. May I try your computer now? D. Might I take your car today?
( )29.Which of the following is a correct polite expression according to the passage?
A. Do you give me any milk, please?
B. Please could you lend me your ruler?
C. May I have some tea, please?
D. Please could you hand me a knife?
( )30.What's the main idea of the passage?
A. How to ask for something politely.
B. What to do when we are polite.
C. How to describe our ideas.
D. What to do with our language problems.
六、七选五
here are some ways to celebrate Mother's Day.
Spend time with your mom: Most moms want to hear from their kids more than they do.
16 Give her a call and let her know you want to talk for a while. Then ask her about herself,
how her days are going and how she's feeling. 17 Knowing her will help you know
yourself better, and that's never a bad thing.
Write down your memories of her: Many moms love to know what their kids remember
from childhood. Make a list of these for your mom and give it to her. 18 Give her the
bottle on Mother's Day.
Spend some time getting pictures taken with your mom. 19 All you really need is just
a camera and someone that knows how to use it.Your poses(姿势)can be silly or funny. 20
I hope that one of these ideas will work for you, or will help you find more good ideas that
will show your mom how much you love her.
A. Or, write each memory on a piece of paper, fold it up and put it in a big bottle.
B. No matter how they turn out, this will make your mom feel happy.
C. So you should move to live with her and ask how everything is going every day.
D. You can do this if you live far away from your mom.E. Then a professional photographer is a must!
F. Take her to a favorite park or garden, or do it in her own backyard.
G. After all, it is the woman who brought you to the world.
Unit 3 Section B 2a-2e 学案 (知识精讲+分层作业)参考答案
一、单项选择
1-5 BABAB
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
6.impolite 7.whom 8.speakers 9.direction 10.to tell
三、完成句子
11. less difficult 12. where to change 13. when；begins / starts 14. suggests；should read15. did eat out
四、完形填空
16-20DDBAC 21-25ADBCB
五、阅读理解
26-30DBACA
六、七选五
31-35DGAFB
