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高考阅读主旨题解题方法与实战（一）
高高考考说说明明之之七七大大能能力力
春季班我们将一起学会：
1．理解归纳语篇的主旨要义；——主旨题
语语言言知知识识：：
22．获获取取事事实实性性信信息息；；————简简单单细细节节题题
3．利用上下文推测词义；——含义题
完完形形填填空空：
44．推推断断隐隐含含意意义义；；——推推断断题题
5．理解作者意图、观点和态度；——复杂细节题
阅阅读读理解解：
66．理理解解句句子子、段段落落之之间间的的逻逻辑辑关关系系；——七七选选五五//六六选选五五
7．理解语篇的基本结构——结构题
高中核心词汇：
主旨题概述 什么叫英语的立论文
1．题型特征 • ⑴The best topic / title of this passage is ______.
⑴The best toppic / title of this ppassagge is ____________. • A. 作作者者提出电影影院太脏
⑵What is the main idea of the passage?
• B. 作者指出电影院太乱
(3)The main purpose of the passage is to ______.
• CC.作作者者分分析析电电影影院院门门票票太太贵贵
22．考考察察目目的的：把把握握文文章章的的主主题题、主主要要思思想想、核核心观观点点。
• D. 作者总结得出电影院脏，乱，贵
3．难度级别：★★★★
44．分分值值比比重重：：1100%% • ⑵⑵WWhhaatt iiss tthhee mmaaiinn iiddeeaa ooff tthhee ppaassssaaggee??
• A. 肮脏的电影院
• BB. 电电影影院院的的恶恶劣劣环环境境
• C. 娱乐业的下滑
•• DD. 远远离离电电影影院院
11)When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their • (北京朝阳一模C）
impportance,, the arts are unavoidablyy at the bottom of the list. Music is nice,,
• SSiince thhe SSecondd WWorlldd WWar，thhere hhas bbeen an obbviious trendd，
people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as mere
entertainment, but certainly not an education priority (优先). This view is
especially among the growing group of college students，toward
sshhoorrttssiigghhtteedd. IInn ffaacctt, mmuussiicc eedduuccaattiioonn iiss bbeenneeffiicciiaall aanndd iimmppoorrttaanntt ffoorr aallll ssttuuddeennttss. eeaarrllyy mmaarrrriiaaggee. MMaannyy yyoouutthhss bbeeggiinn ddaattiinngg iinn tthhee ffiirrsstt ssttaaggee ooff
2)Music tells us who we are…. adolescence, "go steady" through high school, and marry before
3)Music provides a kind of perception (感知) that cannot be acquired any other their formal education has been comppleted. In some qquarters,, there
way…. is much shaking of graying heads over the unacceptable ways of
4)The arts are forms of…
youth. However, emotional (情感的）maturity does not grow with
55))SScciieennccee aanndd tteecchhnnoollooggyy ddoo nnoott tteellll…
age；it does not arrive automatically at twenty -one or twenty-five.
6)So music education is far more necessary than people seem to realize.
Some achieve it surprisingly early, while others never do, even in
tthhrreeee-ssccoorree yyeeaarrss aanndd tteenn.
3. What is the main idea of the passage?（（北京京D-71））
• A. Music education deserves more attention.
• BB.. MMuussiicc sshhoouulldd bbee ooff ttoopp eedduuccaattiioonn pprriioorriittyy..
• C. Music is an effective communication tool.
• D. Music education makes students more imaginative.
• Many students are marrying as an escape, not only from an • Shall we, then, join the chorus of those against early marriages? One
uunnssaattiissffyyiinngg hhoommee lliiffee, bbuutt aallssoo ffrroomm tthheeiirr oowwnn ppeerrssoonnaall pprroobblleemmss ooff ccaannnnoott ggeenneerraalliizzee：：aallll eeaarrllyy mmaarrrriiaaggeess aarree bbaadd aanndd aallll llaatteerr oonneess aarree ggoooodd.
loneliness. However, any marriage 'entered into as an escape cannot Satisfactory marriages are determined not by how old one is, but by the
pprroovvee eennttiirreellyy ssuucccceessssffuull.. TThhee ssaadd ffaacctt iiss tthhaatt mmaarrrriiaaggee sseellddoomm ssoollvveess eemmoottiioonnaall mmaattuurriittyy ooff tthhee ppaarrttnneerrss.. TThheerreeffoorree,, eeaacchh ccaassee mmuusstt bbee jjuuddggeedd
one' s problems ；more often，it merely worsens them. What ’ s on its own benefits. If the early marriage is not an escape, if it is entered
more，it is doubtful whether the home is able to carry all that the into with relatively few false expectations，and if it is economically
young are seeking；they might abandon one idol(幻像）only to workable，why not? Good marriages can be made from sixteen to sixty,
have another. Young people correctly understand that their parents and so can bad ones.
aarree wrroonngg iinn bbeelliieeviinngg tthhaatt ssucccceessss iiss tthhee mmoosstt iimmppoorrttaanntt iinn lliiffee，bbutt
they themselves are wrong in believing that they have found the true
cceenntteerrooff lliiffee' ss mmeeaanniinngg.. TThheeiirr eexxppeeccttaattiioonnss ooff mmaarrrriiaaggee aarree
basically unrealistic and therefore can not be met. They want too
much, and tragic disillusionment(幻想破灭）is often likely to follow.
2• 66. What’ s the main idea of the passage? • (北京朝阳一模C）Since the Second World War，there has been an
• AA. YYoung peoplle，s ffaiillure iin marriiage resullts ffrom ddiisiillllusiionment. oobbvviioouuss ttrreenndd，eessppeecciiaallllyy aammoonngg tthhee ggrroowwiinngg ggrroouupp ooff ccoolllleeggee ssttuuddeennttss，
toward early marriage. Many youths begin dating in the first stage of
• B. Young people shouldn' t have many expectations for marriage.
aaddoolleesscceennccee,, "ggoo sstteeaaddyy" tthhrroouugghh hhiigghh sscchhooooll,, aanndd mmaarrrryy bbeeffoorree tthheeiirr
• C. Successful marriages depend on emotional maturity.
formal education has been completed. In some quarters, there is much
• D. Home is the place where you get rid of loneliness. shaking of graying heads over the unacceptable ways of youth. However,
emotional (情感的）maturity does not grow with age；it does not
arrive automatically at twenty -one or twenty-five. Some achieve it
surpriisiinglly earlly, whhiille otthhers never ddo, even iin tthhree-score years andd
ten.
• Shall we, then, join the chorus of those against early marriages? One • (湖北高考)阅读理解
cannott generalliize：allll earlly marriiages are bbadd andd allll llatter ones are 11.TThhe ttechhnollogy iis greatt. WWiitthhoutt iitt we woullddn’’tt hhave bbeen abblle tto
good. Satisfactory marriages are determined not by how old one is, but put a man on the moon, explore the ocean’s depths or eat microwave
bbyy tthhee eemmoottiioonnaall mmaattuurriittyy ooff tthhee ppaarrttnneerrss. TThheerreeffoorree, eeaacchh ccaassee mmuusstt bbee ssaauussaaggeess. CCoommppuutteerrss hhaavvee rreevvoolluuttiioonniizzeedd oouurr lliivveess aanndd tthheeyy hhaavvee tthhee
judged on its own benefits. If the early marriage is not an escape, if it is power to educate and pass on knowledge. But sometimes this power
entered into with relativelyy few false exppectations，，and if it is can create more pproblems than it solves.
economically workable，why not? Good marriages can be made from
sixteen to sixty, and so can bad ones.
• Successful marriages depend on emotional maturity.
3• 2.Every doctor has had to try their best to calm down patients who’ve • 4.As a matter of routine I ordered a chest X-ray. I looked at it and
ccoommee iinnttoo tthheeiirr ssuurrggeerryy wwaavviinngg aann IInntteerrnneett pprriinntt-oouutt, ccoonnvviinncceedd tthhaatt tthhee bblloooodd rreessuullttss aann hhoouurr llaatteerr. SSoommeetthhiinngg wwaassnn’’tt rriigghhtt. ““DDiidd yyoouurr
they have some rare incurable disease, say, throat cancer. The truth is local doctor do an X-ray?” I asked. “Oh, I haven’t been to the doctor
uussuuaallllyy ffaarr mmoorree oorrddiinnaarryy,, tthhoouugghh:: tthheeyy ddoonn’tt hhaavvee tthhrrooaatt ccaanncceerr,, aanndd ffoorr yyeeaarrss,,” sshhee rreepplliieedd.. “II rreeaadd aabboouutt iitt oonn aa wweebbssiittee aanndd tthhee
it’s just that their throats are swollen. Being a graduate of the Internet symptoms fitted, so I knew that’s what I had.”
“school” of medicine does not guarantee accurate self-health-checks. 5.However, some of her symptoms, like the severe cough and weight
3.One day Mrs. Almond came to my hospital after feeling faint at work. loss, didn’t fit with it—but she’d just ignored this.
While I took her blood sample and tried to find out what was wrong, 6.I looked at the X-ray again, and more tests confirmed it wasn’t the
shhe saiidd callmlly, ““II kknow whhatt’’s wrong; II’’ve gott tthhroatt cancer. II kknow cancer bbutt ttubbercullosiis ((肺肺结结核核))—sometthhiing tthhatt mostt certtaiinlly ddiidd
there’s nothing you doctors can do about it and I’ve just got to wait need treating, and could be deadly. She was lucky we caught it when
uunnttiill tthhee ddaayy ccoommeess.” wwee ddiidd.
• 7.Mrs. Almond went pale when I explained she would have to be on • 66. By mentioning the breakdown of the computer, the author probably
ttrreeaattmmeenntt ffoorr tthhee nneexxtt ssiixx mmoonntthhss ttoo eennssuurree tthhaatt sshhee wwaass ffuullllyy wwaannttss ttoo pprroovvee ______.
recovered. It was certainly a lesson for her. “I’m so embarrassed,” A. it’s a must to take a break at work
sshhee ssaaiidd,, sshhaakkiinngg hheerr hheeaadd,, aass II eexxppllaaiinneedd tthhaatt aallll tthhee ppeeooppllee sshhee hhaadd BB.. iitt’ss vviittaall ttoo bbeelliieevvee iinn IITT pprrooffeessssiioonnaallss
come into close contact with would have to be found out and tested. C. it’s unwise to simply rely on technology
She listed up to about 20, and then I went to my office to type up my D. it’s a danger to work long hours on computers
notes. Unexpectedly, the computer was not working, so I had to wait
until someone from the IT department came to fix it. Typical. Maybe
II shhoulldd hhave a miicrowave sausage whhiille II waiittedd??
4• 选自北京海淀二模C篇阅读 • 3.In school boys are often pushed to take the more challenging math
• 11.TThhe earlly llackk off exposure to sciience ，techhnollogy，engiineeriing andd aanndd sscciieennccee ccllaasssseess. SSoo iiff wwee wwaanntt ttoo aattttrraacctt tthhee bbeesstt aanndd bbrriigghhtteesstt mmiinnddss
mathematics (STEM) can be harmful to achieving gender (性别） into the fields that will advance us as a people a country，and a planet，
bbaallaannccee iinn tthheessee ffiieellddss. IItt bbeeggiinnss wwhheenn wwee aarree yyoouunngg aanndd ccoonnttiinnuueess wwee ccaann nnoo lloonnggeerr llooookk ttoo oonnllyy hhaallff ooff tthhee ppooppuullaattiioonn.. YYoouunngg ggiirrllss ccaannnnoott
throughout our time in high school. possibly consider opportunities they do not know exist. If girls are not
2.While at home，，ggirls ggenerallyy don’t gget to expperience the level of exposed to certain subject and career paths，they are highly unlikely to
exposure or encouragement in STEM fields that their male choose to follow them in college.
counterparts do. It is often subtle ，but it’s the first hurdle that faces 4.Our bias(偏见)toward girlseither from families or from schools ，is so
and confuses so many women. Boys ，on the other hand, get on their roottedd iin our culltture tthhatt we offtten ddon’’tt even recogniize iitt. AAlltthhoughh tthhe
path ，and are encouraged to do so，generally earlier than girls. For situation Has changed greatly in the past 20 or 30 years，there is still a
eexxaammppllee ，bbooyyss aarree mmoorree oofftteenn ggiivveenn sscciieennccee sseettss aass ttooyyss ，wwhhiicchh ssppaarrkk sseennssee tthhaatt ggiirrllss aarreenn'tt aass ggoooodd aatt mmaatthh ffoorr iinnssttaannccee eevveenn tthhoouugghh tthheerree iiss
an interest in these subjects. almost no evidence to support such a belief.
• 5.It is important that as a society we deal with gender stereotypes long
现象
bbeeffoorree yyoouunngg ppeeooppllee aarree ffaacceedd wwiitthh aa ddeecciissiioonn ttoo ddeeccllaarree oorr cchhoooossee aa
major in college. Without making efforts to break them，we are limiting
tthhee ppootteennttiiaallss ooff oouurr yyoouutthh，，bbootthh mmaallee aanndd ffeemmaallee.. PPrroovviiddiinngg tthhee
议议论论段段
necessary resources，exposure and encouragement would help young
,
women understand that their gender shouldn’t determine the career path
they choose, and that pursuing a STEM career does not make them less
中心论点
feminine.
5The main purpose of the passage is to______. • (上海高考D)
• 1.Many experts complain that media too often take advantage of the
A．showwomen’s potentials in STEM fields
science fiction(幻想) aspects of nanotechnology (纳米技术). Reports of
nnaannootteecchhnnoollooggyy oofftteenn rreeffeerr ttoo KK. EErriicc DDrreexxlleerr'ss bbooookk EEnnggiinneess ooff
B．praisewomen’s contributions to STEM fields
Creations, which predicts an age full of dominant molecular (分子的)
manufacturingg and a world without material scarcityy. Whatever
C．describethe present gender bias in STEM fields
humans need will one day be built cheaply with microscopic self-
replicating machines (微细自我复制机) that put atoms together to
DD．callllffor more iinvollvementt off women iin SSTTEEMM ffiielldds
create copies of anything alive in the world--from trees to human bodies.
• 2.In fact, the scientific community is deeply divided over whether self- • 3.Critics of nanotechnology have made use of such images, calling for a
rreepplliiccaattiinngg mmaacchhiinneess aarree ppoossssiibbllee. IIff tthheeyy aarree, mmaajjoorr ddaannggeerrss ccoouulldd eexxiisstt. ddeellaayy oonn ccoommmmeerrcciiaall nnaannootteecchhnnoollooggyy uunnttiill rreegguullaattiioonnss aarree eessttaabblliisshheedd.
Mr. Drexler himself thought that self-replicating machines could They also point to the possible military(军事的) uses of' nanotechnology.
pprroobbaabbllyy ggoo oouutt ooff ccoonnttrrooll HHee wwrriitteess iinn hhiiss bbooookk tthhaatt mmaann-mmaaddee BBiillll JJooyy,, tthhee ccoo-ffoouunnddeerr ooff SSuunn MMiiccrroossyysstteemmss,, wwrroottee iinn aa WWiirreedd mmaaggaazziinnee
"plants" with "leaves no more efficient than today's solar ceils could essay in 2000 that if nanotechnology falls into the wrong hands, it could
win over real plants, crowding the earth with leaves that are not suitable bring dangers to society.
to be eaten. Tough 'bacteria' could be more competitive than the real 4.Opponents (反对者) say Mr. Joy is overreacting. "In a way, calling for
bacteria: They could spread everywhere, replicate swiftly, and reduce bans(禁止) on research into molecular manufacturing is like calling for a
tthhe eartthh tto ddustt iin a matttter off ddays."" ddellay on ffastter-tthhan-lliighhtt ttravell bbecause no one iis ddoiing iitt,'' says GGllenn
Reynolds, a University of Tennessee law professor.
6• 5.Professor Reynolds says it is a good idea to regulate nanotechnology, • 89.Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of
bbuutt iinn wwaayyss tthhee ggoovveerrnnmmeenntt wwoouulldd rreegguullaattee aannyy pprroodduuccttss tthhaatt ccoouulldd bbee tthhee ppaassssaaggee??
dangerous. Export controls and certification systems for nanotechnology • A．Nanotechnology should not be put into wrong use in the military field.
ccoommppaanniieess aarree eexxaammpplleess.. UUSS llaawwmmaakkeerrss hhaavvee ppuutt ffoorrtthh ffoouurr bbiillllss((法法令令))
• BB．TThhe governmentt shhoulldd regullatte prodductts tthhatt coulldd bbe ddangerous.
on nanotechnology research and development.
• C．Nanotechnology regulations should be establishes in spite of the
ddiiviiddedd opiiniions.
• D．The media should not take advantage of the science fiction aspects of
nanotechnology.
1
• Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
现现象象
正方
反方
我方
7• 选自北京海淀二模C篇阅读 • 3.In school boys are often pushed to take the more challenging math
• 11.TThhe earlly llackk off exposure tto sciience ，ttechhnollogy，engiineeriing andd aanndd sscciieennccee ccllaasssseess. SSoo iiff wwee wwaanntt ttoo aattttrraacctt tthhee bbeesstt aanndd bbrriigghhtteesstt
mathematics (STEM) can be harmful to achieving gender (性别）balance minds into the fields that will advance us as a people a country，and a
iinn tthheessee ffiieellddss. IItt bbeeggiinnss wwhheenn wwee aarree yyoouunngg aanndd ccoonnttiinnuueess tthhrroouugghhoouutt oouurr ppllaanneett，，wwee ccaann nnoo lloonnggeerr llooookk ttoo oonnllyy hhaallff ooff tthhee ppooppuullaattiioonn.. YYoouunngg
time in high school. girls cannot possibly consider opportunities they do not know exist. If
2.While at home，，ggirls ggenerallyy don’t gget to expperience the level of girls are not exposed to certain subject and career paths，they are
exposure or encouragement in STEM fields that their male counterparts highly unlikely to choose to follow them in college.
do. It is often subtle ，but it’s the first hurdle that faces and confuses so 4.Our bias(偏见)toward girlseither from families or from schools ，is
many women. Boys ，on the other hand, get on their path ，and are so roottedd iin our culltture tthhatt we offtten ddon’’tt even recogniize iitt. AAlltthhoughh
encouraged to do so，generally earlier than girls. For example ，boys are the situation Has changed greatly in the past 20 or 30 years，there is
mmoorree oofftteenn ggiivveenn sscciieennccee sseettss aass ttooyyss ，wwhhiicchh ssppaarrkk aann iinntteerreesstt iinn tthheessee ssttiillll aa sseennssee tthhaatt ggiirrllss aarreenn'tt aass ggoooodd aatt mmaatthh ffoorr iinnssttaannccee eevveenn tthhoouugghh
subjects. there is almost no evidence to support such a belief.
• 5.It is important that as a society we deal with gender stereotypes long • Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
bbeeffoorree yyoouunngg ppeeooppllee aarree ffaacceedd wwiitthh aa ddeecciissiioonn ttoo ddeeccllaarree oorr cchhoooossee aa
major in college. Without making efforts to break them，we are limiting
tthhee ppootteennttiiaallss ooff oouurr yyoouutthh，，bbootthh mmaallee aanndd ffeemmaallee.. PPrroovviiddiinngg tthhee
necessary resources，exposure and encouragement would help young
,
women understand that their gender shouldn’t determine the career path
they choose, and that pursuing a STEM career does not make them less
feminine.
8
