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大学英语四级考试5套标准模拟答案解析
The Key to Model Test One
Writing
Part(
______.
O参考范文
My Views on Group Purchasing
In recent years,group purchasing becomes increasingly popular in our life. However, in my opinion, although it
is cheaper and more convenient, we should be discreet when facing group purchasing.
There are two main reasons why I say so. For one thing, you might lose more money on group purchasing because
you will buy something you don't really need once you cannot resist the temptation of the low price. That will turn into
another way of waste of money although you intended to save money.For another, the products of group purchasing
are usually not of good quality as those sold at the market price. Just as the old saying goes, you get what you pay.
Therefore, don't follow the group purchasing hastily until you carefully think what you really need and the quality
of the goods. So please keep an eye on your wallet.
Part
Listening Comprehension
三
Section A
News Report One
(1)Millions of people across the eastern United States are clearing up after one of the biggest winter storms in
decades.
Government offices in Washington and many schools will be closed on Monday.From West Virginia to southern
Maine, millions of people have been digging out after one of the worst winter storms ever recorded. Over 70
centimeters of snow fell in Washington.Officials hope to have the public transport system and the city's two main
airports open again for the start of the working week.(2)New York is also recovering from its second largest
snowfall. Travel restrictions have been lifted, although the public has been warned to make only essential journeys to
help emergency vehicles with the clear-up. Medical centers say they are getting ready to respond to heart attacks and
broken bones as residents shovel snow away from their pathways.
1. What is the news report mainly about? C)
2. Which city suffers from its second largest snow? D)
News Report Two
(3)The founder of Facebook Mark Zuckerberg has announced the birth of his first child,a girl called Max,and
he has vowed to donate most of his fortune to make the world a better place for her to grow up in. Our Los Angeles
correspondent David Lee looks at who might be the recipients of his fortune.
"They are going to direct into education, and into equality. We don't know precisely where that money is gonna
go initially.(4)What is particularly interesting is that he seems to be separating this effort from Facebook,Some of
his previous initiatives have been about connecting the Internet and improving perhaps Facebook's user base. There
seems to be a very clear gap here between Mark Zuckerberg's personal desire to spend money on these things and what
Facebook, the business, will be doing in charitable ways."
3. What decision has Zuckerberg made after the baby's birth? A)
4. What is particularly interesting about Zuckerberg? C)
News Report Three
This summer, the latest version of Google's self-driving car will make its first appearance on public roads. The
四级 11two-seat vehicle does not need a gas pedal or steering wheel.(5)The prototype can drive,brake and recognize road
dangers without human involvement. Google says the car is the first vehicle built for the purpose of self-driving.
However, the new vehicle is not designed for long trips.(6)It does not have air bags or other safety devices
required by the federal government. It cannot go more than 40 kilometers per hour. The vehicle is electric and has to
be recharged after 130 kilometers. And it can only drive in areas that have been thoroughly mapped by Google.
Google will first build and test 25 driverless vehicles in areas around the company's headquarters in Mountain
View,California.(7)Then, the company plans to build more and expand testing to areas that have more hills and
more rain. Google hopes to have its driverless cars available in the next five years.
5. What could the new vehicle do? B)
6. What is the disadvantage of the new vehicle? D)
7. What does Google plan to do? C)
Section B
.Conversation One
W: Hi,Sid,(8)I loved your concert last night! How are you?
M:I'm a little bit tired. We didn't go to bed until five o'clock in the morning. And I injured my ankle before the
show. I slept all morning. How did you like the show?
W:I loved it.(8)Your singing was great. When are you playing next?
M:We have our next show here in New York at the Roxie Theater this Thursday.
W: I would love to go, but(10)I have to stay and work here at the store.
M: Well, maybe you can see us next week when we play in Washington.
W:Yeah, maybe.(11)But I'm planning to go to San Francisco on vacation in April,so I may not be able to travel to
Washington.
M:Really?(11)We were invited to play at the Rock Music Festival in San Francisco in April,(9)but we don't have a
way of getting there. It's a long way from New York.
W:Well,(9)a friend and I are driving across the country in a big van,and we might have room for you and your
band.
M:(9)That would be great! Let me talk to the band members and I'll call you later this week.
W:OK.I'm looking forward to hearing from you.(10)Do you need help looking for any records in the store today?
M: Yeah,I was looking for an album of John Coltrane. Do you have any in stock?
W: No, I'm afraid not. But we can order one for you.
M: Oh, thanks a lot. I'll give you a call later this week.
W: Good,see you later.
8. What did the man do last night? C)
9. How will the man probably go to San Francisco? C)
10. Where is the woman working? C)
11. What can we learn about the man from the conversation? D)
.Conversation Two
M:I've been waiting here in the conference room for ten minutes already. What time does our meeting start? Where
is everyone anyway?
W:Didn't you hear about that? Our meeting was postponed until Friday.
M: What?(12)The meeting was postponed? No one told me anything about it.
W:(12)Didn't you get the memo?
M:(12)What memo? There haven't been any memos this whole week.I check my inbox every day,and Ihaven't
seen anything.
W:The memo went out three days ago. It should have made it into your inbox, but maybe it got lost in all the mess on
your desk.
M: You know how things get piled up on my desk when I am busy.(14)I know that sometimes I do misplace things.
but I always read all the memos that go around. They go directly to my inbox.Are you sure it was sent to the
whole office?
四级1—2W:It should have gone around to everybody.(13)They also posted a copy of the memo on the break room. Don't you
ever look at the messages posted on the bulletin board?
M:(13)Iam usually too busy to take a bunch of coffee breaks.Anyway,I am sure the memo never got to my inbox.
(15)Ill have to talk to my secretary about it.
W: That's right. You never know what you're missing out if you don't read the memos.
M: Yeah, you are right.
12. Why didn't the man know the meeting was postponed? C)
13. Why didn't the man see the copy memo? B)
14. What can we infer about the man? B)
15. What will the man probably do next? A)
SectionC
.Passage One
(16)Long bus rides are like television shows. They have a beginning, a middle, and an end—with commercials
thrown in every three or four minutes. The commercials are unavoidable. They happen whether you want them or
not. Every couple of minutes a billboard glides by outside the bus window.Your sleep is equal to turning the television
off. The beginning of the ride is comfortable and somewhat exciting, even if you've traveled that way before. Usually
some things have changed—new houses,new buildings,sometimes even a new road.The bus driver has a style of
driving and it is fun to try to figure it out the first hour or so. If the driver is particularly reckless, the ride can be as
thrilling as a suspense story.(17)Sleeping for a while helps pass the middle hours of the ride. Food always makes bus
rides more interesting. But you've got to be careful of what kind of food you eat. Too much salty food can make you
very thirsty between stops. The end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning. You know it will soon be over and
there's a kind of expectation and excitement in that. The seat, of course, has become harder as the hours have passed.
By now you've sat with your legs crossed, with your hands in your lap, with your hands on the arm rests—even with
your hands crossed behind your head. The end comes just at the right time. There are just no more ways to sit.
16. Why does the speaker feel long bus rides are like TV shows? B)
17. How do we spend the middle hours of the ride according to the passage? C)
18. What is the purpose of this passage? A)
.Passage Two
"Family"is of course a flexible word. But when British people say that their society is based on family life, they
are thinking of"family"in its narrow, particularly European sense of mother,father and children living together
alone in their own house as an economic and social unit. Thus,every British marriage indicates the beginning of a new
and independent family. For both the man and the woman, marriage means leaving one's parents and starting one's
own life. (19)The man's first duty will then be to his wife. He will be entirely responsible for his wife's financial
support while the wife for the running of the new home. Their children will be their common responsibility and theirs
alone. (20)Neither the wife's parents nor the husband's parents, nor their brothers or sisters, aunts or uncles, have
any right to interfere with them—they decide everything in a family. (21)Readers of novels like Jane Austen's Pride
and Prejudice will know that in former times marriage among wealthy families was arranged by the girl's parents—that
is, it was the parents'duty to find a suitable husband for their daughter,preferably a rich one, and lead him
eventually to marry their daughter.It is very different today.(22)Most girls of today get a job when they leave school
and become financially independent before their marriage. This has two results.A girl chooses her own husband, and
she gets no money from her parents when she gets married.
19. What is the husband's first duty for an English family? A)
20. Who decides everything in an English family? B)
21. What can we know from the book Pride and Prejudice about wealthy families in former times? A)
22. What is the difference between present girls and former girls according to the passage? C)
Passage Three
（23）Over time animals have developed many ways to stay away from predators（捕食性动物）.A predator is an
animal that kills and eats other animals. Hiding is one of the best ways to stay alive. Some animals hide by looking like
四级1—3the places where they live. To see how this works, let's look at the sea dragon. It is a master of disguise.(24)The sea
dragon is covered with skin that looks like leaves. The skin helps the dragon look like a piece of seaweed. A hungry
meat-eater would stay away from anything that looks like seaweed.Other animals stay safe by showing their colors.
They want other animals to see them. Scientists call these bright colors warning colors. You have probably seen
animals that have warning colors. Some grasshoppers（蝗虫）show off their own bright colors. Those colors don't just
look attractive. They tell the enemies to stay away.Of course, hungry predators sometimes ignore the warning. They
still go after the grasshopper. If that happens,the grasshopper has a backup defense.It makes lots of foam. The foam
tastes so bad that the predator won't do it again.Color doesn't offer enough protection for some other animals. They
have different defenses that help them survive in the wild.(25)Many fish live in groups. That's because there is safety
in numbers. At the first sign of trouble, schooling fish swim as close together as they can get. Then the school of fish
makes lots of twists and turns. All that movement makes it hard for predators to see individuals in a large group.
23. What is the speaker mainly talking about? C)
24. What protects the sea dragon from a meat-eater's attack? B)
25. According to the passage, why do many fish stay in groups? A)
Parte( Reading Comprehension
Section A
◎选项归类
名 词∶ A）account（描述;账户） D）indicators（指标） K）security（（安全;保护）
动 词∶A）account（for）（占;说明） C） calculate（计算，核算） E）injured（使受伤）
F） integrate（使结合） G）interpret（阐释，解释） I） related（有关联）
J） relicve（减轻，缓解） M）suggest（表明;建议） N）surprise（使…·惊讶）
O）topping（达到…的顶端）
形容词∶E） injured（受伤的） H）primary（主要的;初级教育的）I）related（有关系的，有关联的）
副 词∶B）broadly（总体上讲） L）significantly（显著地）
★ 答 案 解 析 ★
26.L）【精析】副词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，空格处 调查研究的作者，在进行完研究之后，必定是"发
应填入副词修饰形容词比较级less fit。根据文 表，阐述"自己的研究成果。结合备选项，suggest
章第一句可知，南方军队新兵的身体健康状况欠 "表明;建议"符合题意.故为答案。
佳。而空格所在句顺承解释主题句，指出南方的 29.K））【精析】名词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，空格
男女陆军新兵身体条件较差，空格处应填入表程 处应填入名词与 national构成名词短语，作动词
度的副词。结合备选项，可以推断 significantly impairing 的宾语。空格所在句含有由 and连接
"显著地"符合题意，故为答案。 的两个并列宾语结构，and前的名词短语为
27.E）【精析】形容词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，空格 military readiness，再根据空格前的 national"国
处应填入形容词或分词作半系动词become 的表 家的"可知，备选名词中，security"安全"符合题
语。本句指出，从南方十个州征募的男女陆军新 意，故为答案。
兵要比全国其他州的男女新兵的身体条件明显 30.G）【精析】动词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，本句缺
差很多，在服役期间也更容易___。根据前 少动词与空格前的 to 构成动词不定式结构，作谓
半句可知，南方新兵身体素质较差;and前后表达 语动词 allow 的间接宾语。根据此句前半部分可
的意思应该一致，因此后半句应为不好的方面。 得知，该项研究令人沮丧，但没有反驳的理由;而
结合备选项，injured"受伤的"符合句意，故为 后半部分用 but 连接，是对前半句意思的转折，表
答案。 明该地区的历史背景或许可以"解释说明"一下
28.M）【精析】动词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，本句主 个中原因。结合备选项，interpret"阐释，解释"符
句缺谓语，空格处应为动词作主句的谓语。根据 合题意，故为答案。
句意可知，基于17万新兵的数据，这项细致研究 31.N）【精析】动词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，that
的作者们_____，南方公众健康总体较差的状 引导的宾语从句缺谓语，空格处应为动词原形，
况在该地区的军队新兵数据中暴露无遗。作为 与助动词 will搭配作宾语从句的谓语。根据此
四级14句前一句可得知，该地区的历史背景或许可以 些衡量公共健康状况的因素;如贫穷和教育成
解释南方士兵身体素质较差的原因，而该句宾 就。因此，它们应该是相关的。结合备选项，
语从句中的宾语为学习南方历史的学生。由此 related"有关系的，有关联的"符合句意，故为
推断，了解南方历史的学生们应该不难明白其 答案。
____
中原因。结合空格前的否定词 not 和备选项，可 34.D）【精析】名词辨析题。分析句子结构可知.空格处
以推断出 surprise"使……·惊讶"符合题意，故为 应填入名词，与 socio-economic 构成名词短语，
答案。 与 wealth、poverty 和 educational achievement
32.O）【精析】动词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，空格处 构成并列的名词短语作介词 to 的宾语。由空格
位于 with引导的独立主格结构中，因此应填入 前的 and和 other 可知，社会经济_____与财
动词的现在分词形式。根据此句前半部分可得 富、贫穷、教育成就有关，应该是就其他社会经济
知，南方一直是公众健康的重灾区。with 引导的 因素进行的概括。结合备选项，indicators"指标"
独立主格结构进一步用数据阐述这一点，可推断 符合句意，故为答案。
出南方人口在与死亡等有关的数据中一直高居 35.H）【精析】形容词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，空
榜首。结合备选项，可推断 topping"达到……的 格处应填入形容词或分词作名词 reason 的定
顶端"符合句意，故为答案。 语。根据前面的句子可得知，因为严重的贫穷
33.I）【精析】形容词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，，空 状况以及不佳的公众健康状况，南方士兵在美
格处应填入形容词或分词作系动词 are 的表语。 西战争、第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战中
本句指出，在这些方面，该地区受到质疑的排名 有着较高的退军率。空格所在的句子顺承前
与财富、贫穷、教育成就以及其他社会经济 句，给出_____原因。结合备选项，可以推断
紧密_____。根据前一句可知，该地 出 primary reason"主要原因"符合句意，因此
区在公共健康方面排名较差，而此句又涉及一 primary为答案。
★参 考 译 文★
一项新学术研究表明南方军队新兵的身体健康状况欠佳，这份研究被大肆报道。该研究团队发现，从南方十个州
征募的男女陆军新兵要比全国其他州的男女新兵的身体条件明显差很多，在服役期间也更容易受伤。
基于17万新兵的数据，这项细致研究的作者们指出。南方公众健康总体较差的状况在该地区的军队新兵数据中暴
露无遗。也正是因为如此，美国的军事准备以及国家安全正受到损害。
无论该项研究的整体结果令人多么沮丧，都没有反驳的理由，但增加一占.儿该地.区的历 中背景或许能让人们更好
地解释这些结果。有必要指出的是，任何一位学习南方历史的学生对该研究的结果都不会感到惊讶。 南方长期以来都
是公众健康的重灾区，在涉及死亡和各种健康风险指标的数据排行榜上，该地区的人口在一个半世纪以来都位居榜首。
在这些方面，该地区受到质疑的排名与财富、贫穷、教育成就以及其他社会经济指标紧密相关。
在过去的一百五十年里，该地区中等的收入水平、严重的贫穷状况以及不佳的公众健康状态以各种方式表现出来，
其中就包括在美西战争、第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战中的高退兵率。这几次事件中被退兵的最大原因都和体重
有关。
Section B
危于解，牛
本文主要以作者的亲身感受为例，阐述了女性的母亲身份与写作事业之间的关系。
A）——C）段主要阐述作者受人影响，想当然地认为女性的母亲身份会对写作事业产生不利的影响。
D）—G）段主要阐述作者自己为人母后，亲身体会到为人父母的辛苦，但体会更多的是对自己写作事业的激励。
H）--L）段从历史角度证明作者的观点。
★ 答 案 解 析 ★
36.【译文】在有了孩子以后，女性艺术家们往往会失去 那些演员、音乐家和其他的艺术家们，她们似乎在有
她们的优势，作品也变少了。 了孩子以后失去了自己的优势，或者产出的作品变少
【定位】由题干中的 Women artists 和 lost their 了很多。题干中lost their advantages和 became less
advantages 定位到 B）段第四句。 prolific是对定位句中 lose their edge 和 produced
B）【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，"我"很容易想到 far less work 的同义转述，故答案为 B）。
四级1-537.【译文】时间有限的境况让作者变得更加勇敢，追求 K）【精析】同义转述题。定位句前半句提到，没有人会
更大的梦想。 说成为父亲会阻碍这些男人的创造力。题干中的
【定位】由题干中的 limited time、braver 和 larger claim that being a father might prevent a man from
dreams定位到F）段。 being a creative writer 是对定位句中 suggest that
F）精析】细节归纳题。定位段提到，当作者的儿子还 fatherhood hindered the creativity of these men 的
是婴儿的时候，她的创作时间十分有限，所以她不再 同义转述，故答案为K）。
浪费时间。她开始追求大的目标，变得更加勇敢。题 42.【译文】作者能够平衡母亲身份与创作的一个原因是
干是对定位段内容的概括归纳，故答案为 F）。 她的丈夫分担了一半的育儿重任。
38.【译文】是经济与社会因素而不是母亲的身份阻碍女 【定位】由题干中的 husband和 half the parenting定
性在艺术上获得成功。 位到L））段第二句。
【定位】由题干 中的 economic and social、the L）【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，作者的丈夫在育儿
motherhood和 succeeding in the arts定位到 I）段第 方面给了她很大的支持，承担了一半的育儿任务，而这
一、二句。 显然是她能够平衡育儿与创作的一个原因。题干中的
1）【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，当涉及女性在艺 shoulders half the parenting burden 是对定位句中
术上取得成功时，或许母亲这个身份本身从来都不是 shares half the parenting 的同义转述，故答案为L）。
问题。问题在于成为母亲后所面临的社会和经济局 43.【【译文】因为不能够一直陪伴在儿子身边，作者心里
限。题干中的 the economic and social factors是对 充满了愧疚。
定位句中 the economic and social constraints的同义 【定位】由题干中的 a lot of guilt 和 accompany her
转述，故答案为I）。 son all the time定位到E）段。
39.【译文】一项研究表明，怀孕会对女性的大脑产生有 E）【精析】细节归纳题。定位段提到，有很多次，作者坐
利的影响。 在办公室里，听着儿子在外面恳求着想要进来和妈妈
【定位】由题干中的 One study和 pregnancy定位到 待在一起，几乎要掉下眼泪，而且她不止一次为了赶
G）段第三、四句。 稿子把儿子放到电视机前。对此，她心怀愧疚。题干
G）【精析】细节归纳题。第三句前半句指出，一项研究 是对定位段内容的总结，故答案为 E）。
表明，怀孕对与社会认知相关的大脑区域产生长期持 44.【译文】在文学历史上;有一些女性作家平衡了为人
续的改变。接下来第四句表明，怀孕也可能改善记忆 母以及写作事业的关系。
力并减缓大脑的衰老。题干是对定位句的归纳概括， 【定位】由题干中的 some women writers in literary
故答案为G）。 history 和 motherhood and the writing career定位到
40.【译文】作者过去认为养孩子会使她筋疲力尽，分散 H）段第一、二句。
她写作的注意力。 H）【精析】细节推断题。定位句提到，当作者从另一个
【定 位】由题干中的 raising a baby、energy 和 角度看待文学历史的时候，它似乎没那么令人沮丧。
attention from writing定位到 A）段第二句。 虽然文学历史上很多女性作家是没有孩子的，但是也
A）【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到."我"所读到的所 有一些成功的女性作家有孩子。由此可推出，这些女
有关干为人母与创造力的文章都说，一个孩子会逐渐 作家平衡了为人母以及写作的关系;故答案为 H）。
削弱"我"的精力，分散"我"的注意力，让"我"一孕傻 45.【译文】在和儿子相处的五年里，作者在写作方面比
三年，无法继续写作。题干中的 raising a baby would 以前更有效率了。
exhaust her energy and distract her attention是对定 【定位】由题干中的 In the five years with her son定
位句中"a baby would sap my energy，divide my 位到D）段第二、三句。
attention"的同义转述，故答案为A）。 D）【精析】细节归纳题。定位句提到，儿子出生后的五
41.【译文】没有人会说成为父亲可能会阻碍一个男人成 年里，作者写了两部小说，赢得了很多奖金，成为常驻
为有创造力的作家。 作家，并且在很多国家级的出版物上发表了作品。在
【定位】由题干中的 Nobody、being a father 和 a man 成为母亲之前，作者十年才写了一部小说。题干是对
from being a creative writer定位到K）段第三句。 定位句的归纳总结.故答案为D）。
Section C
Passage One
★答 案 解 析★
46.【定位】由题干中的 attitude 和 health and wellness C）【精析】推理判断题。由定位句及其所在段落可知，
定位到第一段最后一句。 如今天然、全面的产品变得十分流行。多特瑞国
四级1—6__
际公司的健康倡导者丹妮尔·哈迪说∶"现在人们 之所以是"精油"，并不是因为任何已经得到验证的活
越来越想自己掌控自己的健康。"由此可知，现在 力;而是因为它们包含从植物中提取的精华。由此可
人们想要掌控自己的健康，可见人们对自然理疗 见，之所以被称为"精油"。是因为它们提取自植物的
方法持肯定态度，乐于用这种方法来调理自身的 精华，故答案为B）。
健康，故答案为 C）。 49.【定位】由题干中的 probable effect 定位到第四段第
47.【定位】由题干中的 Hardee 和 the suggestions about 一句。
oils on Facebook定位到第二段第三、四句。 D）【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，在见证了这种浓
A）【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，在脸书上寻找治 缩液体对她的儿子和宠物狗的益处后;哈迪很快投身
疗生病宠物的建议后，一位同样收养斗牛犬的人告 到讲授精油的课程中。可见，精油对人类的身体是有
诉哈迪，她可以尝试在动物的皮肤上涂抹某种精油。 良好的调理功效的，故答案为D）。
带着好奇心及健康上的怀疑，哈迪深入研究了这些 50.【定位】由题干中的 Hardee's suggestion 和 curious
精油的安全性。由此可见，她并不是盲目地接受别 customers定位到最后一段第一句。
人的建议∶而是做了大量的研究来调查其安全性，故 C）【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，随着精油的日益
答案为A）。 流行，扩展了更为广阔的市场，哈迪建议对此感兴趣
48.【定位】由题干中的 those oils和"essential"定位到第 的顾客在质量和纯度方面要谨慎。由此可知，精油的
三段第一句。 质量与纯度不一，所以消费者要有自己的分辨能力，
B）【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，此处所谈及的油 挑选那些质量好、纯度高的，故答案为C）。
高频词汇及短语
inform 【in'fo∶m】 v.通知，告知 apply 【o'pla】 v.应用，申请
dive 【darv】 v.冲向;跳水 proceed 【pr?'si∶d】 v.进行，继续
beneficial 【;ben'fi1】a.有利的 caution 【'ko∶jn】n.小心，谨慎
★ 参 考 译 文 ★
我们大多数人都信任自己的医生，即使是他们递给我们一个自己都叫不出名字的药物的处方时也是如此。但是现
如今，天然、全面的产品变得十分流行。说到一些晦涩的治疗方法时，互联网为非专业人士提供了途径，使他们知道的
和他们的全科医生一样多，甚至更多。（46）多特瑞国际公司的健康倡导者丹妮尔·哈迪说∶"现在人们越来越想自己掌
控自己的健康。"
十分奇怪的是，就在不久以前，哈迪还不是这样的人。她最初了解精油是在护理她的宠物斗牛犬时。（47）在脸书
上寻找治疗生病宠物的建议后，一位同样收养斗牛犬的人告诉哈迪，她可以尝试在动物的皮肤上涂抹某种精油。带着
好奇心及健康上的怀疑;哈迪深入研究了这些精油的安全性。她说∶"我非常满意自己的发现;我开始不仅仅将它们用
在我领养的狗上，还用在我们儿子的身上;他也需要调理一下呼吸问题。"斗牛犬很快就明显恢复了，对她儿子的好处也
几乎立竿见影。
（48）此处所谈及的油之所以是"精油"，并不是因为任何已经得到验证的活力，而是因为它们包含从植物中提取的
精华。在当今市场上，薄荷、薰衣草和柑橘是最为常见的;但是几个世纪以来我们已经使用了大量的精油。
（49）在见证了这种浓缩液体对她的儿子和宠物狗的益处后，哈迪很快投身到讲授精油的课程中。"我对它有一种
强烈的感受，我要分享它，"她说。她的课程规模和地理范围迅速扩张，哈迪很快就成为多特瑞国际公司的一位倡导者，
多特瑞是一家天然营养和健康公司。
（50）随着精油的日益流行，扩展了更为广阔的市场，哈迪建议对此感兴趣的顾客在质量和纯度方面要谨慎。哈迪
相信，高质量精油的理疗效果是帮助精油流行起来的根基。她强调说∶"我并不是一个整体健康的专家，我只是亲眼看
到了它神奇的功效"。
。Passage Two
★ 答 案 解 析 ★
51.【定位】由题干中的 the lawsuit against 定位到第 诉指出，健怡可乐误导消费者，让他们认为这款饮料
一段。 会帮助他们减肥。由此可见.这项控诉是说可口可乐
A）【精析】推理判断题。定位段指出，加利福尼亚州一 公司旗下的一款产品（健怡可乐）有误导消费者的嫌
位联邦法官驳回了一项对可口可乐公司的控诉，该控 疑，这与 A）项描述一致，故答案为 A）。
四级1——752.【定位】由题干中的 the side effects of sweeteners定 54.【定位】由题干中的 Alsup 和 lose weight with Diet
位到第二段最后一句。 Coke定位到第四段第三句。
B）【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，拜瑟拉指控健怡 D）【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，阿尔苏普法官认
可乐起到了相反的作用，她援引了一些研究，声称这 为，理性的消费者应该能够明白，健怡可乐只不过
些研究表明，像在健怡可乐中使用的那些毫无营养价 是减少了常规可乐里的卡路里，而卡路里的减少
值的增甜剂导致体重上升以及患某些疾病的风险增 会减轻体重仅仅是基于个人新陈代谢的整体理性
加。由此可见，虽然可乐名为健怡（Diet Coke），但是 饮食和锻炼养生法中的一部分。由此可见，根据
对人体存在危害，故答案为 B）。 法官的观点，结合调整饮食和加强锻炼才会减重，
53.【定位】由题干中的 Judge William Alsup 和 dismiss 故答案为D）。
the charge定位到第三段及第四段第一句。 55.【定位】由题干中的 Coca-Cola company's attitude 和
A）【精析】细节辨认题。定位部分指出，尽管可口可乐 the Judge's decision定位到最后一段第二句。
公司针对这项诉讼的辩护并不充分;威廉·阿尔苏普 B）【精析】观点态度题。定位句指出，可口可乐公司的
法官还是认为原告无法证明消费者有可能受到该广 一位发言人声称，他们对法院驳回原告无根据的
告的欺骗，没有达到"公众成员们有可能受到欺骗"这 控诉这一事实感到满意。由此可见，可口可乐公
一要求。由此可见，法官之所以驳回上诉是因为证据 司对干案件被驳回这一判定是比较开心的，故答
不足，故答案为A）。 案为B）。
高频词汇及短语
dismiss 【dis'mis】 v.驳回;解散 contribute 【k?n'trbju∶∶t】 v.促成，造成
allege【?lledz】 v.断言，宣称 deceive 「dr'si∶v7】 v.欺骗，欺诈
reduction 【ri'dAk【n】 n.减少，降低 individual 「indr'vidzuol】 a.个人的，单独的
content 【'kpntent】 a.满意的，乐意的 complaint 【kom'plent】 n.抱怨，投诉
★参 考 译 文 ★
（51）加利福尼亚州一位联邦法官驳回了一项对可口可乐公司的控诉，该控诉指出，健怡可乐误导消费者，让他们认
为这款饮料会帮助他们减肥。
提出控诉的人名叫莎娜·拜瑟拉，她说她之所以购买并饮用健怡可乐，是因为她相信健怡可乐有助于减肥以及健
康的体重管理。（52）她指控健怡可乐起到了相反的作用，她援引了一些研究，声称这些研究表明，像在健怡可乐中使用
的那些毫无营养价值的增甜剂导致体重上升以及患某些疾病的风险增加。
（53）尽管可口可乐公司针对这项诉讼的辩护并不充分，威廉·阿尔苏普法官还是认为原告无法证明消费者有可能
受到该广告的欺骗。
（53）阿尔苏普驳回这个案子的原因是拜瑟拉没能达到"公众成员们有可能受到欺骗"这一要求。"在超市里，健怡
可乐与常规的软饮料摆放在一起，而不是在健康食品区售卖。（54）理性的消费者应该能够明白;健怡可乐只不过是减
少了常规可乐里的卡路里，而卡路里的减少会减轻体重仅仅是基于个人新陈代谢的整体理性饮食和锻炼养生法中的一
部分，"阿尔苏普在判决中这样说道。
阿尔苏普认为，拜瑟拉所援引的研究表明了健怡可乐类型的饮料与体重增加之间的关联，却没有表明因果关系。
他补充道，其中的一个研究甚至认为体重的增加"取决于消费者的行为，而非没有营养的增甜剂的作用。"阿尔苏普还否
决了健怡可乐广告暗示消费者软饮料能够减重的观点∶因为"理性的消费者明白;广告都是用健康、有吸引力的消费者
做主演来享用主题产品，而不会用不健康、身材走样的人做主演。"
周二的判决表明，原告必须在3月22 日之前提出动议来修改控诉。（55）可口可乐公司的一位发言人声称，他们对
法院驳回原告无根据的控诉这一事实感到满意。
Part( Translation
Swimming is one of the sports favored by both male and female, old and young. Domestic and foreign researches
have reached a consensus that swimming originated from ancient people who lived near rivers, lakes and the seashore.
They had to hunt waterfowl and fish as food in the water for survival. Thus,through observing and imitating the
movement of fish and frogs in the water, they gradually learnt how to swim. In all ages, swimming is a critical survival skill
no matter whether it is for hunting, escaping from wild animals, or self-rescue in shipwreck.
四级1-8______
The Key to Model Test Two
Writing
Part(.
参考范文
My Views on Cosmetic Surgery
Cosmetic surgery has become a controversial issue in recent years as more and more people, especally celebrities,
choose to take it. However,I don't think it's a good idea to beautify oneself via operations.
First and foremost, cosmetic surgery brings about artificial beauty that confuses many young people about the true
value of beauty so that quite a few of them focus much on their appearance instead of virtues or personalities. Besides,
once cosmetic surgery is widely accepted by the public, it is unfair to those who have the plain look but work hard for
their dreams. Finally,despite the advances of technology, there are still many risks in cosmetic surgery.
As a result,I don't support young people to take advantage of cosmetic surgery although it might bring about
benefits for the time being. The true beauty which is worth our respect should be connected with inner heart and
appropriate bchavior.
Part
JIListening Comprehension
Section A
News Report One
(1)Falling global demand for personal computers(PC) saw shipments fall by a record 10.6in the fourth
quarter from a year ago,according to market research firm IDC.About 71.9 million units were shipped in the period,
which includes the key Christmas shopping season. IDC said the decline was the worst since it started tracking PC
shipments. (2)PC demand has been hit by competition from smartphones and tablets, along with longer lifecycles for
PCs.(1)Shipments fell in all regions around the world and have declined for five quarters in a row, according to IDC's
figures.
Rival research firm Gartner also said shipments were down. Using different methodology,it saw a fall of 8.3%
in the fourth quarter from a year ago.(2)Other factors that contributed to the decline in shipments included economic
issues such as falling commodity prices,weaker currencies, as well as social tensions in the Middle Fast,
1. What has happened in the PC market recently according to IDC? C)
2.What factor is contributing to the current situation?B)
. News Report Two
As the holiday shopping season begins, hackers are trying to trick users into revealing their private account
information.
(3)Last week,hackers tried to trick Amazon.com users into handing over their passwords and user names. The
attempt to steal individual Amazon user names and passwords was a"phishing"attack. Phishing tries to trick users into
thinking that the request comes from the company.
In this case, hackers sent emails to Amazon account holders. The email lied and claimed that 2 592 Amazon
account records were stolen. Customers were asked to verify account information in the phishing email.The email's
signature was signed as"Amazon Customer Support."
(4)Electronics and computer experts say deleting the email is an easy solution. Amazon says thieves use hoax emails that
look like they are from Amazon company accounts. Amazon says many phishing emails contain misspelled words and
bad grammar. The company says it never asks for personal information, passwords or bank account numbers.
3. What did some hackers attempt to do last week? A)
4. What is a good way to solve the problem according to some experts? D)
四级2—1.News Report Three
(5)India's capital Delhi is ending a two-week trial that imposed major restrictions on private cars. Private cars
with even and odd number plates were only allowed on alternate days during the experiment, which began on
January 1.(6)The initiative is meant to curb the city's air pollution. The trial took more than a third of the city's three
million private cars off the road, easing congestion. However, it is not clear whether it has helped to bring down pollution.
Delhi has experienced hazardous levels of pollution this winter. The local government announced the scheme after
a court ordered authorities to tackle pollution levels which stood at more than 10 times the World Health
Organization's safe limits. Authorities said the trial had resulted in a more than 50?op in air pollution primarily
caused by vehicular traffic.
Emergency vehicles like ambulances,police cars,fire engines and taxis were exempt from the campaign,and
single women were also allowed to drive their cars every day. The government hired private buses to provide shuttle
services.(7)Schools were shut during the trial so their buses could also be used as public transport.
5. What is Delhi try doing recently? D)
6.What is the purpose of this experiment? B)
7. Why were school buses used as public transport during the experiment? A)
Section B
(Conversation One
W:Hey taxi!
M: Where to?
W: Well, I'm going to the National Muscum of Art.
M: Sure. No problem.
W:Excuse me. How long does it take to get there?
M:Well,it depends on the traffic, but(8)it shouldn't take more than twenty minutes for the average driver. And I'm
not average. I have driving down to an art,so we should be able to cruise through traffic(8)and get there at least
eight minutes earlier.
W:Oh,and by the way,do you know what time the museum closes?
M: It's half past four. This is your first time to the city,right?
W: Yeah. How did you know?
M:Well,(9)you can tell tourists from a mile away in this city because they walk down the street looking straight up at
the skyscrapers.
W: Good for you! Can you recommend any good restaurants downtown that offer meals at a reasonable price?
M Umm...The Mexican restaurant.(10)It's not as expensive as other places I know,and the portions are larger
than most places I've been to.
W: Sounds great! How do I get there from the museum?
M: Well,there are buses running that way,but you would have to transfer a couple of times.And there are taxis too,
but they don't run by the museum that often. So you'd better catch the subway right outside the museum.
W:Okay. Thanks.
8. How long does it take the man to get to the museum? C)
9. How does the man figure out the woman is a fresh visitor to the city? D)
10. What sort of restaurant does the man recommend? B)
11. What's the personality of the man that we can infer from the conversation? A)
.Conversation Two
M:English Language Center. How may I help you?
W: Yes. I'm calling to find out more information about what kind of courses you offer.
M:Well,(12)the purpose of our program is to provide language learning opportunities to students whose goal is either
to master basic functional language skills for his or her job, or to study intensively to enter a US college or
university.
W: What are your application deadlines for the next semester?
M:Well,(13)we ask applicants to apply no later than two months before the semester begins. This gives us time to
四级2-2process the application and issue the student's I-20.
W:I-20?
M:Oh,(14)an I-20 is a form that indicates that we are giving permission for the student to study in our program,and
then the student takes this form to the US embassy in his or her country to apply for the F-1 student visa.
W: And are there other materials I need to send in addition to the application form?
M: Yes.(15)You need to send in a $35 application fee,a sponsorship form indicating who will be responsible
financially for the student while studying in our program, and a bank statement showing that you or your sponsor
has sufficient funds to cover tuition expenses and living costs for the entire year of study.
W: Alright.I think that's about it. Thank you!
M: No problem.
12. What's the purpose of the program in the center? A)
13. Why does the center ask students to apply for the program early? C)
14.What is the I-20? B)
15. What is regarded as the priority by the center besides the application form? B)
Section C
. Passage One
Here's a parable of two young children and a white-bearded wise man that lived alone in the mountains. (16)The man
was highly respected by the local residents; however, the two young children just shrugged it off. One day, (17)the
kids, intending to test this man,decided to play a joke on him to see his so-called wisdom. This was their marvelous
plan. They would catch a small bird,put their hands behind their back and ask the man if the bird was dead or alive.
If the wise man says the bird is alive, they will crush it. If the wise man says it is dead, they can let it live. So having
captured the bird they went to the mountains to find the wise man. When they finally came across him, one of the
youngsters laughed and asked,"Hi, wise man,can you tell us whether the bird I am holding in my hands is dead or
alive?"(18)To their surprise, the wise man just smiled and responded,"Young boys, the future of the bird is in your
hands."There are many extremely smart people around that can grasp many issues at once. Perhaps the guy sitting
next to you always mentions something that you didn't think about or something that at the last minute made you
change your mind about the resolution of a case under discussion.(19)So be ethical, be respectful, be smart and it is
your opportunity to really make a difference in the world.
16. What did the children think of the man? C)
17. What was the purpose of the children's plan? A)
18. What does the man's response imply? D)
19. What lesson does the parable tell us? A)
。Passage Two
With its fast food restaurants, churches and strip malls, this city in southeast Florida looks like much of America.
But on a sunny day last month,(20)city official Hector Castro talked about its resemblance to Italy's slowly sinking
Venice."At some point in the future,some places may be uninhabitable,"said Castro. "Maybe people could live in
the top part of buildings. But what do you do about the roads?"These predictions about an underwater city may sound
horrible,(21)but officials here say they are already changing infrastructure with climate change in mind. Recent
storms hit the 4.4-square-mile city to such a degree that some homes were abandoned for the first time.It was the kind
of heavy rainfall that could become more frequent with climate change, even though scientists say no weather event
can be tied to warming temperatures. Simultaneously.(22)the city's freshwater supply is being contaminated by
saltwater intrusion—a problem that was not created by climate change,but that is likely being accelerated by it. So
city officials are spending some $16 million to move the city's entire drinking supply to the west to get out of the way
of the ocean. It is a temporary fix for a problem that is projected to get worse as time goes on.There may be limits on
how much to protect the city from flooding and saltwater intrusion with existing technologies. No one knows how long
serious trouble will come—it could be 30 years or so,or it could be later.
20. In what aspect does the city in Florida resemble Venice in Italy? A)
21. How do the local governments react to the city's sinking? D)
22. What does the speaker say about the city's freshwater supply? D)
四级 2——3。Passage Three
Crazed doggy parents will eagerly tell you that their dogs are able to understand and communicate, and are surely
capable of basic levels of human cognition.(23)It turns out that these doggy parents may not be so crazy after all.
(24)Dogs, like human babies, read our facial expressions. They don't just rely on verbal cues to ascertain what
humans want. They also use eye contact to anticipate our desires. In a recent study, the dogs were shown a video of a
woman who would call them, stare straight at them to get their attention,and then look down at an object beside her.
Then the dogs were shown a second video in which the woman would silently turn her head and stare at the object
without ever making direct eye contact. In most cases, the dogs followed the woman's gaze in the first video. In the
second video, in which she made no direct eye contact, the dogs didn't follow her gaze. Similar experiments have been
conducted with babies, and 6-month-old infants exhibited the same behavior as the dogs.(25)Experts think it's a trait
that the animals developed as they worked and bonded with generations of humans. Dogs have evolved to sharing their
lives with humans,and they gained new skills that support their social interaction with humans.This should reinforce
that if we want our dogs'attention, we should be clear about it. For those people who talk to their dog in a baby-talk
voice, they should keep it up.
23. What does the speaker say about crazed doggy parents? C)
24. What do we learn from the study? B)
25. How do dogs learn to interact with humans according to some experts? C)
Part
Reading Comprehension
三。
Section A
◎选项归类
名 词∶B）beliefs（信仰，信念） H）mention（提及，说起） J）objects（物体，实物）
K）practice（惯例;实践）
动 词∶A）affect（影响;感染） C） confused（混淆;使困惑） D）exert（运用;施以影响）
E）expected（预计，预期） H）mention（提到，说起） J）objects（反对，不赞成）
M）remain（继续，依然）
形容词∶C）confused（困惑的） G）guilty（内疚的;有罪的） I）negative（否定的;负面的）
L）positive（肯定的;积极的） N）responsible（负有责任的）
副 词∶F）extremely（极度，极其） O）significantly（显著地，重大地）
★ 答 案 解 析★
26.N）【精析】形容词辨析题。分析句子结构可知， 为动词过去式作主句的谓语。根据前一段可得
that引导的宾语从句中缺表语，空格处应填入 知，发展心理学家杰奎琳·伍利设计了两项研
形容词或分词作系动词 were 的表语。根据前 究。给孩子们提供不同的情景设置来测试孩子
一句可知，孩子们对于衰老的看法不同。此句 们辨别年龄的能力。由常识可知;开展研究前应
应讲述的是在孩子眼中生日派对与衰老的关 该会对结果有所预期。结合备选项，可以推断出
系。结合备选项，responsible"负有责任的"符 expected"预计，预期"符合题意，故为答案。
合句意，故为答案。 29.O）【精析】副词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，空格
27. M）【精析】动词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，主句 处应填入副词修饰副词比较级 better。分析本
中缺谓语，空格处应为动词作谓语。根据前一句 句可知，伍利的团队将孩子们分为两组∶一组孩
可知，很多三岁到五岁的小孩子似乎认为生日派 子年龄为四至五岁，而另一组孩子年龄为三岁。
对会让人们变老。而此句指出，按照这些孩子们 心理学家就他们的研究结果做出了预判。按照
的观点，人们如果不举办生日派对，他们就会 常识，年龄大的孩子在年龄辨别方面要比年龄小
同一年龄。稍加推断就可得出remain 的孩子们强，这里需要一个程度副词。结合备选
"继续，依然"符合题意，故为答案。 项，可以推断 significantly"显著地，重大地"符合
28.E）【精析】动词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，本句 题意，故为答案。extremcly虽然也是程度副词，
主句缺谓语，根据文章整体时态可知，空格处应 但太过绝对，故排除。
四级2430.C）【精析】形容词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，空 导的是 idea 的同位语从句，该同位语从句包含由
格处应填入形容词或分词作动词 seemed 的表 and连接的两个并列句，空格处应填入名词，作
语。根据前一句可得知，伍利团队的预期是四五 同位语从句中的第二个主语。空格所在从句含
岁的孩子会比三岁的孩子在辨别年龄时表现得 有由 and连接的两个并列句子结构，and前的句
好很多。空格所在的句子由 But连接表示转折， 子主语为 living things，谓语动词为grow.再根据
可以推断出，所有的孩子对举办过两次生日派对 空格后的谓语 do not 可知，空格处主语意思应与
的孩子的年龄的辨别并不符合心理学家们的预 living things 相对。结合备选项.objects"物体，
期。结合备选项，可以推断出 confused"困惑的" 实物"符合题意，故为答案。
符合题意，故为答案。 34.K）【精析】名词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，空格
31.B）【精析】名词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，空格处 前有冠词 a 和形容词cultural，空格处应填入名
应填入名词与 children's构成名词短语，作动词 词。根据前一句可得知，三岁的孩子明白有生命
tested 的宾语。根据上一段内容可知，心理学家就 的东西会变老，而物品不会，空格所在句由 But
孩子们对于小孩子年龄的辨别能力进行了研究。 连接表示转折。由此推断，生日派对是一种文化
空格所在句用连词 also 进行顺承连接，表明更进 习俗。结合备选项，可以推断出 practice"惯例"
一步。根据空格后面的句子可以推断出，心理学 符合题意，故为答案。
家开始对孩子们对大人年龄的认知进行研究。结 35.A）【精析】动词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，how
合备选项，可以推断出 beliefs"信仰，信念"符合句 引导的宾语从句缺谓语;空格处应为动词原形，
意，故为答案。 与 might共同作宾语从句的谓语。根据前一句
32.L）【精析】形容词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，空 可得知，生日派对是一种文化习俗，空格所在句
格处应填入形容词或分词作名词 answers 的定 由 So连接，顺承上文，指出研究人员决定研究一
语。本句指出，71??三岁孩子们的回答是 种文化现象如何可能____孩子们对于那些
____。又根据后面的句子可得知，大一点的 既覆盖文化又覆盖生物学的观点的认知。由此
孩子表现得更好，因此大多数三岁的孩子们表现 推断，文化对孩子们认知的"影响"成为研究人员
应该也不错。结合备选项，可以推断出 positive 的新课题。结合备选项，可推断 affect"影响"符
"肯定的"符合句意，故为答案。 合句意，故为答案。
33.J）【精析】名词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，that引
★参 考 译 文 ★
最近的一项研究表明，在小孩子眼中，对于衰老的看法或许不同。很多三岁到五岁的小孩子似乎认为生日派对会
让人们变老。按照这些孩子们的观点，如果人们不举办生日派对，他们就会维持同一年龄。
发展心理学家杰奎琳·伍利设计了两项研究。 在研究中，他们通过给孩子们讲故事来测试孩子对衰老的理解。 研
究人员先讲了一个没有举办生日派对的小孩子的故事。然后又讲了一个举办了两次生日派对的小孩子的故事。听完
故事后，他们让孩子们来辨别每个人物的年龄。
伍利团队的预期是在报告每个故事中人物的年龄时。四 五岁的孩子会比三岁的孩子表现得好很多但是对干那个
小孩子举办了两次生日派对的故事，所有的孩子似乎都感到困惑。
研究人员同时还测试了孩子们对于成年人衰老变化方式的认知。他们给孩子们讲了一个不想变老的女士的故事。
1??三岁孩子们的回答是正确的。大一点的孩子表现得更好，而且所有的孩子都能够正确回答与该女士年龄有关的
其他问题。
年仅三岁的孩子明白有生命的东西会变老，而物品不会。但是生日派对是一种文化习俗。所以，研究人员决定研
究一种文化现象如何可能影响孩子们对于那些既覆盖文化又覆盖生物学的观点的认知。
Section B
画厅解年）
本文主要介绍了一种新型营养素——胶原蛋白。
A）段说明了胶原蛋白的合成原料及来源。
B）—F）段指出胶原蛋白对改善人体状态的功效。
G）、H）段主要阐述了胶原蛋白的副作用以及推广时需要考虑的问题。
I）—M）段表明，对于以肉为主的美国人来说，平衡饮食是获取胶原蛋白最佳的方式。
四级 2-—5★ 答 案 解 析★
36.【译文】这些胶原蛋白补充品的价格或许会阻碍其流行。 41.【译文】如果服用过量，补充品可能会有一些副作用。
【定位】由题干中的 The price of the collagen 【定位】由题干中的 taken too much和 side effects定
supplements 定位到H）段第一句。 位到G）段末句。
H）【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，最重要的是，这些 G）【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，尽管其副作用比
补充品的分量和造价或许让人望而却步。题干中的 较小.但有报道指出，如果大量服用补充品;会引起消
price of the collagen supplements 和 may set 化问题。题干是对定位句的同义转述，故答案为G）。
obstacles to 是对定位句中cost of the supplements和 42.【译文】美国人从他们油腻的饮食中摄入过多的蛋白
may be prohibitive 的同义转述，故答案为 H）。 质，导致很多可避免的疾病。
37.【译文】从某种程度上，胶原蛋白的减少导致了皱纹 【定位】由题干中的 Americans、too much protein 和
以及疼痛。 avoidable diseases定位到L）段。
【定位】由题干中的The reduction of collagen 和 our L）【精析】细节归纳题。定位段提到，美国人的标准
wrinkles and pains 定位到 B）段最后一句。 饮食含有太多的蛋白质。美国人的很多健康问题
B）【精析】同义转述题。由定位句可知，随着我们年龄 都由此引发。大量地食用奶酪、培根等食物造成
的增长，自身的胶原蛋白生成效率降低，像皮肤和关 了肥胖、2型糖尿病及其他可预防的疾病的出现。
节等依靠胶原蛋白的组织无法像以前那样得到修复， 题干中 avoidable diseases是对定位段中 preventable
这至少可以部分解释为什么随着年龄增加我们的皮 diseases 的同义转述，题干是对定位段的归纳总结，故
肤会开始有皱纹以及我们身上的疼痛增加。题干中 答案为L）。
的 The reduction of collagen 和 is partly responsible 43.【译文】长期来看，补充品对关节疼痛来说仅仅是一
for 是对定位句中的 collagen production becomes 种安慰。
less efficient和"which explains，at least in part"的 【定位】由题干中的In the long run 和 a comfort定
同义转述，故答案为B）。 位到F）段最后一句。
38.【译文】食肉的人往往蛋白质水平较高，需要吃一些 F）【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，长期来看，补充品
没有营养的食物来平衡一下。 （对关节疼痛来说）仅仅是一种安慰。题干中的In
【定位】由题干中的 Meat eaters 和 non-nutritious the long run是对定位句中 over the long term 的同
food定位到M）段第二、三句。 义转述，题干中的 functioned only as a comfort是对
M）【精析】细节归纳题。定位句提到，食肉者的饮食习惯 定位句中 didn't help any more than a comfort 的同
有很多问题，其中之一就是蛋白质水平过高。因此他们 义转述，故答案为F）。
只能很可怜地吃一些没有营养的食物进行弥补。题干 44.【译文】骨头产生胶原蛋白—补充品市场上一种流
是对定位句的归纳概括，故答案为 M。 行的蛋白质。
39.【译文】柑橘属水果和多叶蔬菜对获取胶原蛋白来说 【定位】由题干中的 Bones produce collagen 和 the
很重要。
supplement market 定位到 A）段最后一句。
【定位】由题干中的 Citrus fruits和 leafy vegetables A）【精析】同义转述题。定位句后半句提到，骨头还提
定位到I）段最后一句。 供一种在补充品市场上已经成为潮流的一种蛋白质∶
I）【精析】同义转述题。由定位句可知，我们需要从柑 胶原蛋白。题干中的 popular 是对定位句中 major
橘属水果和多叶蔬菜等食物中获得维生素C，这对产 trend 的同义转述，故答案为 A）。
生胶原蛋白来说是必不可少的。题干是对定位句的 45.【译文】水解胶原蛋白补充品或许对 30岁以上的参
同义转述，故答案为I）。 与者来说益处最多。
40.【译文】2017年的一个研究表明，胶原蛋白补充品可 【定位】由 题 干中的 The collagen hydrolysate
以改善指甲易碎的情况。 supplements和who are older than 30定位到D）段。
【定位】由题干中的 A 2017 study 和 nails定位到E） D）【精析】同义转述题。定位段提到，几项研究表明，使
段第二句。 用水解胶原蛋白补充品六周或以上可以改善皮肤状
E）【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，根据 2017年发表 况，其中 30岁以上的参与者受益最大。题干中的
的一个小研究，胶原蛋白补充品可以改善指甲易碎的 may benefit the participants who are older than 30
状况。题干中的 improve the situation of breakable most是对定位段中 with participants older than 30
nails是对定位句中 help improve brittle nails的同义 seeing the biggest improvement 的同义转述.故答案
转述，故答案为E）。 为D）。
四级 2-6Section C
。Passage One
★答 案 解 析 ★
46.【定位】由题干中的 a doctor定位到第一段最后两句。 见，在物质资源匮乏的过去，这种改变可以帮人们度
C）【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，一位博士说已有 过饥饿，故答案为 B）。
证据表明遗传可能是其中一些差异的原因。不管你 49.【定位】由题干中的 more difficult to stay slim 和
吃多少，你可能都无法掌控自己的体重。由此可知， when we are older 定位到第四段第三句。
遗传基因是导致人们体重不同的原因，故答案为C）。 D）【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，我们的新陈代谢
47.【定位】由题干中的 a mouse 和 mutations of ankyrin- 随着年龄的增长自然放慢，这让我们 50岁的时候更
B定位到第二段第三句。 难保持自己30岁时的体重，故答案为 D）。
A）【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，那些拥有锚蛋白 50.【定位】由题干中的 the prospect of further research
B基因突变的老鼠将更多的葡萄糖吸收到它们的脂 定位到最后一段第三句。
肪细胞中，因而产生更多脂肪;这与A）项所述一致， C）【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，尽管在老鼠身上
故答案为A）。 进行了研究，研究人员认为;对该基因，或许还有其他
48.【定位】由题干中的 alteration 和 in the past 定位到 基因的进一步研究有可能创建一个以遗传学为基础
第三段前三句。 的定制饮食和健康计划的领域。由此可知，人类通过
B）【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，这种改变或许是 对自身基因突变的了解，可以制订合理的健康计划，
有用的。伯纳特告诉《新闻周刊》∶"这或许不总是一 故答案为C）。
件坏事，在过去，这可以帮助人们度过饥荒。"由此可
高频词汇及短语
engincer 【LendzI'no】 v.改变（动植物等）的基因结构 metabolism 【ml'tzebolizom】 n.新陈代谢
barrier【'b?eria】 n.障碍物;妨碍 maintain 【men'tein】 v.保持，维系
approach 【'prot门】n.方法，方式 prevent Lpr'vent】 v.阻止，阻碍
★ 参 考 译 文 ★
似乎经常会有些人拥有超人的饭量，可以快速吃下一整个比萨，却仍然很瘦。而其他人只用想一想一块比萨都能
胖五磅。（46）如今，一位博士指出，已有证据表明遗传可能是其中一些差异的原因。不管你吃多少，你可能都无法掌控
自己的体重。
杜克大学的生物化学家凡·伯纳特和他的团队进行了一项新的研究，并发现了原因。他们改变了老鼠的基因，使
老鼠体内含有几种在人体内发现的常见的基因变异。（47）他们观察到，那些拥有锚蛋白 B基因突变的老鼠将更多的葡
萄糖吸收到它们的脂肪细胞中，因而产生更多脂肪。通常情况下。细胞膜作为一个屏障会阻碍葡萄糖进入这些细胞，而
对基因的这种改变使得大门敞开。
（48）这种改变或许是有用的。伯纳特告诉《新闻周刊》;"这或许不总是一件坏事，在过去;这可以帮助人们度过饥
荒。但是今天我们的食物充足，以至于这或许是一件坏事了。"我们现代的饮食（驾车通过式快餐窗口和装满零食的过
道）使这种改变对我们不利。
节食者长期以来都被告知要关注他们的卡路里，做更多的运动，但是这一新发现表明一刀切的方法并不适用于所
有人。而且，这项研究向人们展示了一个普遍存在的问题∶体重增加与年龄有关。（49）我们的新陈代谢随着年龄的增
长自然放慢，这让我们 50岁的时候更难保持自己30岁时的体重。现在再增加一个难以控制的锚蛋白 B基因，想要保
持苗条似乎是不可能的了。
研究中的老鼠在进行高脂肪饮食时体重增加更多。伯纳特相信，这是因为一旦脂肪细胞吸收了葡萄糖并开始产生
更多脂肪，它们对其他脂肪会变得敏感。（50）尽管在老鼠身上进行了研究，研究人员认为，对该基因，或许还有其他基
因的进一步研究有可能创建一个以遗传学为基础的定制饮食和健康计划的领域。伯纳特展望有一天这些评估在婴儿
一出生时就可以进行。现在，苦恼的节食者们可以用这句话寻求安慰了∶不是你的原因，是你的基因在作怪。
。Passage Two
★ 答 案 解 析★
51.【定位】由题 干中的 the situation of women 和 C）【精析】推理判断题。文章首段指出，与其他社会科
economics定位到第一、二段。 学学科相比，女性在经济学中处于绝对的劣势。第二
四级 2-7段进一步指出;女性在经济学中的状况没有得到什么 54.【定位】由题干中的 the gender imbalance定位到第
改善。由此可见，女性在经济学这个男性主导的领域 四段最后一句。
所占比重很小，故答案为C）。 A）【精析】推理判断题。由定位句之前的两句可知，作
52.【定位】由题干中的 women economists和 important 者先提出一些人的观点（历史的方舟最终会将更多
定位到第三段第一句。 的女性带入这一学科∶而更年轻的男性经济学家也
D）【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，那些拥护性别平 会对多样性更加开放），接着对其进行质疑，并在定
等的人认为，女性经济学家应该参与到研究和政策的 位句中借用爱丽丝·吴的分析提出自己真正的观
讨论中来，因为她们可以带来不同于男性的观点。由 点;导致性别不均的一些偏见在进入该行业的人中
此可见，经济学是需要女性经济学家的，因为她们可 依然盛行。由此可见，性别不均的情况将在这个行
以从不同的角度审视问题，故答案为D）。 业中长期存在，故答案为A）。
53.【定位】由题干中的 male economists'attitude和 the 55.【定位】由题干中的leaders 和 gender imbalance定位
market 定位到第三段最后一句。 到最后一段第二句。
B）【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出.男性经济学家不 C）【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出;该行业的领导
仅更乐意依赖市场，他们还更可能通过干预市场来发 以及全球的经济学家必须开始反思很多导致性
现问题。由此可知，男性经济学家比较看重市场本 别不均的因素，以及如何有效地解决它们，故答
身，故答案为B）。 案为C）。
高频词汇及短语
dominate 【'dominet】 v.统治;占优势 presume 【pr'zjum】 v.假定，推测
conduct 【kon'dAkt】 v.引导;管理 perspective 【po'spektrv】n.角度，观点
favor 【'feIvo】 v.支持，赞同 demonstrate 【'demonstrert】 v.证明;说明
address 【?'dres】 v.处理;发表演说 constructively 【kon'strAktrvli】 ad.建设性地
★ 参 考 译 文★
（51）在美国的经济学院，正式教授中仅有14??女性。在其他社会科学学科中，女性获得博士学位的比例通常超
过 60??与之形成鲜明对比的是，在经济学中女性获得博士学位的比例只占35??
（51）在那些传统上由男性占主导地位的 STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）领域中，女性已经取得了显著的进步。但
是在经济学中却没有。令人震惊的是，证据显示自从 2000 年以来，女性在经济学中几乎没有取得进步。
（52）那些拥护性别平等的人认为，女性经济学家应该参与到研究和政策的讨论中来，因为她们可以带来不同于男
性的观点。例如;女性经济学家更倾向于支持政府干预;而不是市场解决方案。（53）男性经济学家不仅更 乐意依赖市
场，他们还更可能通过干预市场来发现问题。
如果正式教授大多为男性的话，年轻的女性学者可能会发现她们的研究更难得到认可。如果经济学期刊的大多数
编辑是男性的话，那就不难理解为什么女性要多花费6个月的时间才能完成评审过程，以在一些顶尖的经济学期刊上
发表文章。 当然，即使承认在经济学界有阻碍女性进步的绊脚石，但是有些人确信历史的方舟最终会将更 多的女性带
入这一学科，而更年轻的男性经济学家也会对多样性更加开放。不幸的是，有越来越多的理由质疑这一假设。（54）正
如爱丽丝·吴对《经济学就业市场传闻》论坛的分析所表明的，导致性别不均的一些偏见在进入该行业的人中依然
盛行。
美国经济学会董事会在1月的会议中对该就业论坛提出的问题进行了回应。（55）但是该行业的领导以及全球的
经济学家必须开始反思很多导致性别不均的因素，以及如何有效地解决它们。这一行业必须明白，经济学之所以缺少
性别平等是一个体系问题，而且自身不能改正。
Part(I.V Translation
Mountaineering is a sport in which the sportsmen, under specific requirements,climb from low altitude areas to
high altitude peaks with the help of specialized equipment or bare-handed. Different from other sport events,the
competitiveness of mountaineering lies not in the competition and combat among athletes but the athletes'contending
against nature, which is a symbol of human vitality. It is of many benefits for people to participate in mountain
climbing and camping frequently,such as the consumption of superfluous fat in the body and the delay of human body
aging.
四级2-8___________
The Key to Model Test Three
Part Writing
_.
）参考范文
The Importance of Independence of Mind
There is a saying that goes,"Create your own life."What this concise aphorism tries to convey is that we should
live according to our own will rather than live as what others expect us. In other words,i_n_de_pe_n_de_n_ce of mind is
needed to live happily.
For one thing, with independence of mind, you could clearly know who you are and what you really need, so that
you won't compare unrealistically with others who are born with a silver spoon in their mouth. That's where true
happiness and contentment derives from. For another, independence of mind could detach you from the complex
world and give you the power to face criticism and gossip from other people.Thus, you won't lose yourself in the mess of life.
To conclude,the quality of life isn't dependent on what we have been given but what mindset we bear. As long as
we work hard and enjoy what we have possessed, we will create out own life.
Part( Listening Comprehension
SectionA
.News Report One
(1)There were 6 million cyber-attacks recorded last year in Kenya. That is more than double the number recorded
in 2013. Most of the attacks involved financial crimes or targeted information infrastructure like computer systems.
The targets were Kenyan government agencies,other groups and private citizens. Many computer users wonder what
they should be doing to guard against possible online attacks.
Felix Ngugi is a 22-year-old information technology student.He is taking a two-year-long class. The course helps
students learn how to secure information stored on computers. It tells them about computer hacking and tests their
anti-hacking proficiency.(2)"Why we are learning this is to be able to secure the people who are innocently being
attacked by people who know computers and to protect their data and information from getting out to the open."
1. How many cyber-attacks were recorded in 2013? C)
2. Why did the students take the two-year-long class? B)
(。News Report Two
Experts warned recently that a major glacier in Greenland is quickly melting and falling into the Atlantic Ocean.
(3)If the entire glacier in the northeast of Greenland melts and falls, global sea levels could rise by a half meter. The
study,published in the journal Science,said the glacier melted three times faster than earlier. The glacier is losing
5 billion tons of mass per year: according to the study.The glacier is dumping many icebergs into the ocean.It will
raise sea levels in future decades,Jeremie Mouginot wrote.He is the study's lead author and a professor at the
University of California,Irvine.
(4)Warmer ocean water is eroding the glacier from below. Warmer air temperatures are melting it from above.
Another Greenland glacier is also melting, but not as quickly because it is in a protected location.
3. What will make the global sea levels rise by a half meter? A)
4. What leads to the glacier's melting? C)
(。NewS Report Three
Around 68 percent of US students pursue degrees in English-speaking countries.(5)The top destination countries
were the UK and Canada. France and Germany were third and fourth, respectively. From 2010 to 2012, the number
of American students enrolling in German universities increased by almost 10 percent, says the IIE. In 2012, there
四级3—1were more than 4 000 American students pursuing undergraduate,master's and doctoral degrees in Germany.
(6)Hunter Bliss told the BBC that the cost of education was the main reason he went to Germany to get a degree
in physics. As a student at the Technical University of Munich, in Germany, he pays around $6 000 dollars per year
to cover his rent, insurance and other living expenses.To study at the University of South Carolina,his home
university in the US,Hunter would have to pay more than $10 000 dollars per vear, with scholarships.
Germany continues to give free education to foreign students.(7)The German government,says the Migration
Policy Institute, wants to attract young students to help Germany's economic competitiveness. The hope is to attract
skilled foreign students who will stay in Germany.
5. Which is the third top destination country for the US students? C)
6. What's the main reason that Hunter chooses to study in Germany? C)
7. Why does Germany give free education to foreign students? B)
Section B
Conversation One
W:Good afternoon, sir! Is there anything I can do for you?
M: Yes, please! I've heard that JK's new book is available. I've tried several bookstores but all were sold out.
W: Let me check...I feel so sorry, sir. JK's new books are sold out.
M:Oh,(8)no,not again! I thought this store would be my last resort! After all, your store is the biggest one in this
block.
W:I clearly remember there were several books left this morning. Let me check again.
M:Thank you!
W:Sir,(9)there are indeed two left, but not in this store.
M:What do you mean?
W: We have another store next block and we can reserve one for you.
M: That'l be great!
W: However,(10)I'm afraid you have to pay 10? what the book costs in advance,as the reservation fee.
Otherwise, we have no right to reserve any book.
M:I understand. So, do I have to go over the reservation procedure now?
W:Yes. Here it is. (11)Please fill your information in this customer card and pay the reservation fee. Then we will
get the book for you right now.
M: Thanks a lot! I appreciate your help!
8. How does the man feel when he knew the books have been sold out? A)
9. What does the woman find after checking the bookstore again? D)
10. What should the man do to reserve the book? D)
11. What will the man probably do next? C)
Conversation Two
M: Good morning,Doctor Albert.
W: Good morning. May I have your name please?
M;Brown. George Brown.(12)We were in the same gymnasium five years ago in Washington. We worked out
together.Our coach was Alexandra.
W: Oh, Brown. Nice to meet you.
M: You've changed a lot! I remember you were doing your own business then. How did you become a doctor of
psychology and work as a personal coach?
W; Well,I sold my business and worked as a manager in a high-tech company for quite a while after that.But one
day,(13)I suddenly felt miserable and decided to make a change.
M:Why? As far as I can understand, you were highly motivated in business management.
W: I was.(13)But a few years later,I felt lost.
M: What do you mean by"lost"?
W:My life seemed like an endless routine. (13)I was tired and lonely.So I was determined to find something I truly
四级3—2loved. And nowI have been a personal coach for 6 years.(14)I help my clients to re-evaluate their lives and
rediscover what matters most to them.
M: Oh,I feel as tired as you were.(15)Ineed some professional advice.
W: What's your situation, Brown?
M:I'm a partner at a law firm. I've made more money this year than the last two years combined. I've attained the
success I hoped for, but it doesn't feel the way I expected it to be.
W;Look,Brown.As a personal coach,I believe I can help you to re-evaluate your life and make you feel happier.
12. What did the man use to do with the woman? C)
13. Why did the woman give up business management? D)
14. What does the woman do as a personal coach? A)
15. Why does the man come to meet the woman? A)
Section C
。Passage One
(16)Technology can bring lasting change to society, and one change it brought in the 19th century was the
widespread use of color in art and commerce. A printing process began in Germany and then spread to America,
where brightly-colored printing transformed popular culture. An exhibition called The Color Explosion at the
Huntington Library illustrates the changes. The 19th century is often remembered through stiffly posed, black and
white photographs of people dressed in shades of gray. Much of the century, however, was excess in color,especially
in America,where brightly-colored prints found a place on boxes, cans as well as calendars and posters. David Smith,
curator of the Huntington exhibition,(17)says the mass production of color was enabled by a groundbreaking process
called lithography."It had a tremendous visual impact on people who, up to this time, really had not seen much color
before.(17)So lithography,one of its major impacts, was to colorize America and bring color to every community
and every home,affordable." Lithographic artists used grease crayons to sketch images on a block of limestone. The
printer applied water and ink, and the ink adhered to the greasy image. The stone block was then used to mass-
produce printed copies. Black and white lithography was invented in Germany in the 1790s,(18)and it spread to
France and England, and then made its way to America with German immigrants. Smith says that after a few decades,
printers started using colored ink,as the process expanded from city to city in the country's westward expansion.
16. What change did technology bring in the 19th century? C)
17. What's the great impact of lithography? A)
18. How did black and white lithography appear in America? C)
.Passage Two
(19)The reason people count sheep, as opposed to bluebirds or sailboats,is uncertain; some authorities think it
may have to do with a tallying system devised by shepherds in ancient Britain. But there is no question that the phrase
has entered the language.And its meaning is clear enough—the sheer monotony（单调）of the task is meant to lull you
to sleep. But does it work? Scientists at Oxford University put it to the test. In their study, which appeared in the
journal of Behavior Research and Therapy,two sleep researchers recruited insomniacs and split them into groups. Then
they monitored them as they tried different techniques for falling asleep on various nights.(20)What they found was
that subjects took slightly longer to fall asleep on nights when they were instructed to distract themselves by counting
sheep or were given no instructions at all. But when they were told to imagine a relaxing scene—a beach,for
example—they fell asleep an average of 20 minutes sooner than they did on other nights. Counting sheep, the
scientists suggested, may simply be too boring to do for very long, while images of a soothing shoreline or tranquil
stream are engrossing enough to concentrate on,In other studies at Oxford,scientists compared"good"sleepers with
insomniacs and found distinct differences in their pre-sleep thoughts. Insomniacs pictured less scenery of any kind and
had more thoughts of unpleasant images, worries, noises in the environment,"intimate relationships"and things they
had done during the day.(21)So don't count sheep; instead, try picturing relaxing images.
19. Why has the phrase "count sheep" come into shape? D)
20. What does the test carried out by scientists at Oxford University show? C)
21. What does the speaker suggest to those who have difficulty falling asleep? D)
四级3—3Passage Three
(22)Australia has experienced its warmest August on record,as winter temperatures soared. Australia's Bureau of
Meteorology says that August was a"most extraordinary month"with mean temperatures almost 2.5 degrees above the
long-term average. August in Australia culminated in a record-breaking heatwave across much of the continent.Blair
Trewin from the National Climate Center says the past month brought unprecedented weather."Early last week we
saw a number of locations in northern New South Wales and southern Queensland break their August record-high
temperatures by four or five degrees,"Trewin said."And to break records by that sort of margin is something which
is extremely rare."(23)Scientists think that such unseasonal temperatures are the result of both global warming and
natural climate variability. There are warnings that spring in this part of the southern hemisphere is likely to bring
more hot weather, causing a long drought.Parts of Australia have seen below-average rainfall for several years and
the outlook for many parched communities is not good. (24)Australia is a major food exporter,and if the drought
dramatically cuts yields, that could cause global prices for grain,meat and other foods to rise.(25)The warm, dry
conditions have prompted the authorities to warn that Australia's annual bushfire season is again likely to be severe.
AIready serious fires have flared near Sydney, the country's most populous city.
22. Why is August said to be a"most extraordinary month"? C)
23. What do the unseasonal temperatures result from according to the scientists?C)
24. What will the long drought lead to?B)
25.What is another concern for Australia? D)
Part
Reading Comprehension
三三
Section A
选项归类
名 词∶D）breaks（裂口，裂缝） E）condition（条件;状况） F）contact（接触;联系）
I）fake（假货;骗子） J）functions（功能） M） occasion（时刻;盛会）
动 词∶A）arises（出现，发生） B）avoiding（避免） D）breaks（down）（失败;出故障）
F） contact（联系） I）fake（伪装;伪造） J）functions（运转;起作用）
K）interacting（交流;交往） L）misread（（对……判断有误;念错）
N）respond（对……作出反应）
形容词;C）basic（基本的，基础的） G）deadly（致命的） I） fake（伪造的）
O）significant（重大的）
副 词∶G）deadly（非常） H）effectively（有效地;实际上）
★ 答 案 解 析★
26.B）【精析】固定用法题。while 引导状语从句作 看到满足的地方发现悲观和失望。由 finding 引
"当……时候"讲时，如果主句和从句的主语一致， 导的伴随状语可知，抑郁的人对面部情绪信号的
且从句谓语中含有 be.则从句有时可以省略主语和 解读有误，因此本题答案为L）misread。
be，while 后可以直接跟现在分词、过去分词、名词、 28.C）【精析】形容词辨析题。空格前面有定冠词 the，
形容词或介词短语。由本句句意可知，情绪具有感 后面有名词emotions.因此本空很可能填入形容
染力;大多数人凭直觉寻找积极的情绪， 词修饰 emotions。本句大意为，我们通常很擅长
消极的情绪。while 在此处有对比的作用，因此应 解读别人脸上所表达的情绪，至少当涉及如快
填入 seek out 的反义词。在备选项中，avoiding意 乐、悲伤、愤怒等__情绪时是如此。因为
思是"避免"，符合句意，故本题答案为 B）。 本空前面有 at least，说明这是最基本的情形，而且
27.L）【精析】动词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，空格 由空格后面所列举的几种情绪也可以看出这些都
前The depressed是"the+形容词"结构，此处指 是最基本的情绪，因此本空答案为 C）basic。
一类人，为句子的主语，空格后emotional facial 29.K）【精析】语义推断题。本空处于 we're_
cues是宾语，因此应填入动词作谓语。本句句意 with中，是一个定语从句，先行词是 those.同时
为，抑郁症患者_____面部表情信号，在别人 those 作with 的宾语。而定语从句中 we是主语，因
四级3—4此应填入能与 with搭配的形容词或动词的-ing 形 们。下一句举例解释本句，即使你情绪低落，你
式。本句大意为，我们解读那些与我们的 也可能决定在聚会上假装高兴∶以融入其中。由
人的情绪;并调节自己的情绪作为回应。结合本 此可知，我们能够在情绪上作假∶因此本空答案
段大意可知，我们在与其他人交往时，要让自己的 为I）fake。
情绪与他人的情绪保持一致。因此本空应填入含 33.N）【精析】动词辨析题。本空前有主语 others，后面
有"交往、交流"含义的词，在备选项中只有 是介词to 加宾语，因此应填入动词作谓语。本
interacting 符合语义和语法要求，因此答案为K）。 句意为，因为其他人你的积极表情，你
30.H）【精析】副词辨析题。本空所在的句子结构完整， 可能也会开始感觉好起来。由第二段可知，人们
而且本空位于谓语动词后面，应填入副词修饰动 会对与之互动的人的情绪作出反应，并相应地调
词。本句意为，如果我们的情绪不同步，我们就不 节自己的情绪。由此可推断，本空应填入含有
能和别人__合作。前一句提到，我们在与 "反应"含义的动词，因此答案为 N）respond。
他人互动时要保持情绪一致。本句从反面对此作 34.D）【精析】动词辨析题。空格所在句的主语是 Our
进一步说明。由此可推断，本空填入的副词是强 natural ability，后面是动词不定式作后置定语，
调合作的程度，而且是有正面含义的。备选项中 down在此处是副词，因此应填入动词作谓语。本
deadly 虽然有"非常"的意思，但是它一般强调的 句大意为，然而，当我们陷入抑郁时.我们与生俱来
是不好的、不可取的特点，因此本题答案为 H） 的解读别人面部情绪表情的能力___。第一
effectively。
段指出，抑郁的人会错误地解读面部情绪信号，不
31.M）【精析】名词辨析题。本空前有介词for 和冠词 能正确识别情绪。由此可知;在抑郁时，这种能力
the，因此应填入名词作宾语。本句意为;你必须 会出现问题。因此所填动词应与down 构成词组，
为____表达出正确的情绪。结合前一句，在 且含有"下降、失败"等含义，故答案为D）breaks。
派对上大哭会让别人对你避之不及，在葬礼上大 35.A）【精析】动词辨析题。空格前的a problem是主语∶
笑也会如此。本句是对前一句的总结，即在某个 因此应填入动词作谓语。本句意为，抑郁的人仍然
特定的场合要表达恰当的情绪。因此本空要填 可以解读明显的快乐或悲伤的表情，但是当他人表
入有"场合"含义的名词，故答案为 M）occasion。 示出模棱两可的情感时，问题____。由此可
32.I）【精析】动词辨析题。本空前有情态动词 can，因 知，空格所在的后半句与前半句形成转折，也就是
此应填入动词原形。本句意为，面部情绪表情是 说抑郁的人不能准确识别模棱两可的情绪，因此会
与生俱来的，但是我们可以___或压抑它 产生问题。所以本题答案为A）arises。
★参 考 译 文★
"如果你大笑，世界会和你一起笑;如果你哭泣，你会独自哭泣。"诗人艾拉·惠勒·考克斯这样写道。情绪具有感
染力，大多数人都会凭直觉寻找积极的情绪，避开消极的情绪。然而，那些患有抑郁症的人不在此列。抑郁症患者会错
误地解读面部情绪信号，在别人看到满足的地方发现悲观和失望。
我们通常很擅长解读别人脸上所表达的情绪。至少当 涉及如快乐、悲伤和愤怒等基本情绪时是如此。我们解读那
些与我们互动的人的情绪，并调节自己的情绪作为回应。毕竟，如果我们的情绪不同步，我们就不能和别人有效地合
作。在派对上哭泣很可能会让别人对你避之不及，在葬礼 上大笑也会如此。你必须为某个场合表达出正确的情绪。
面部情绪表情是与生俱来的，但是我们可以伪装或压抑它们。即使你情绪低落，你也可能决定在聚会上摆出一副
开心的表情，只是为了和睦相处。因为其他人会对你的积极表情作出反应，你可能也会开始感觉好起来。
然而，当我们陷入抑郁的时候;我们与生俱来的解读别人面部情绪表情的能力就会减弱。抑郁的人仍然可以解读
明显的快乐或悲伤的表情;但是当其他人表现出模棱两可的情感时，问题就出现了。出现模棱两可的情感可能是因为
对方试图抑制自己的情感表达，或者因为他们不确定他们此刻的感受。
Setion B
画解生）
本文主要解释了早起的人和晚起的人为什么具有不同的特点。
A）、B）段说明约50??人既非早起的人，也非晚起的人，所以不愿意早起的人未必不会成功。
C）—E）段介绍了早起的人和熬夜的人在不同的方面有各自的优势。
F）—H）段说明由于受基因的影响，人们并不能强行改变睡眠时长，但是随年龄的增长，人们的起床时间会发生变化。
I）—L）段解释为什么早起的人和晚起的人具有不同特点。
M）段认为人们的睡眠偏好与其具备的一些特质可能都受到某个基因的影响。
四级 3—5★答 案 解 析★
36.【译文】研究发现夜猫子通常比早起的人更有想 41.【译文】根据伍尔夫所说，如果一个夜猫子被迫早起
象力。 一段时间，他的体重可能会增加。
【定位】由题干中的 Research 和 imaginative 定位到 【定位】由题干中的Wulff 和 gain weight定位到文章
文章C）段最后一句。 F）段最后三句。
C）精析】细节归纳题。定位句提到，研究发现早起的 F）【精析】细节归纳题。定位句提到，当夜猫子早起时，
人和晚睡的人显示了经典的左右脑区分∶更富逻辑性 他们仍会产生褪黑激素。伍尔夫说∶"然后你扰乱了
与合作精神对比更有想象力、个性更强。由此可知， 身体的节奏，迫使身体处干白天模式，那会给身体带
晚睡的人想象力更丰富。题干是对定位句的总结，因 来很多负面的生理后果，"比如对胰岛素和葡萄糖的
此本题答案为 C）。 敏感度变化，这有可能导致体重增加。由此可知，题
37.【译文】晚睡的人比早起的人能更快地处理信息。 干是对定位句的归纳总结，因此本题答案为F）。
【定位】由题干中的 process定位到文章 E）段第一句。 42.【译文】研究人员已经发现晚起的人对生活可能不那
E）【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，尽管早起的人可 么满意。
能在学术上取得更多成就，但夜猫子在记忆、处理的 【定位】由题干中的 Researchers 和 less satisfied with
速度和认知能力等方面更胜一筹。题干中的 life 定位到文章K）段第一句。
Evening types是对原文中 night owls 的同义转述，而 K）【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，研究人员也指出，因
process information faster 对应原文中的 processing 为晚睡晚起的人通常是在他们身体不情愿的情况下维
speed，因此本题答案为E）。 持正常工作，他们可能情绪不佳或者生活满意度较低就
38.【译文】大多数人都尽全力成为早起的人，因为他们 讲得通了。题干中的 less satisfied with life是对定位句中
不愿意被视为懒惰的人。 lower life satisfaction的同义转述，因此本题答案为K）。
【定位】由题干中的 lazy 定位到文章 L）段第一句。 43.【译文】只有一部分早起的人成功了.并且有一些著
L）【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到.因为晚睡晚起的 名的高成就获得者是晚起的人。
人是懒惰的这种文化刻板印象的存在;大多数人很可 【定位】由题干中的 early risers、successful和 high
能尽力成为早起的人。也就是说，，他们不愿意被看作 achievers 定位到文章I）段第二、三句。
是懒惰的人。题干中的 try their best与原文中 try... I）【精析】细节归纳题。定位段第二句提到，并非所有
as much as they can 对应，因此本题答案为L）。 高成就获得者都是早起的人，而且并非所有早起的人
39.【译文】你父母的睡眠习惯对你的（睡眠习惯）有重要 都是成功的。接下来通过举例来说明。有一些成功人
影响。
士也是晚起的人。因此，本题答案为I）。
【定位】由题干中的 Your parents'定位到文章 G）段 44.【译文】夜猫子更有可能患抑郁症。
第三句。
【定位】由题干中的 depression 定位到文章 D）段最
G）【精析】细节归纳题。定位句中的 it指的是前面提到 后一句。
的 chronotype（生物钟）。定位句提到，生物钟的 D）【精析】细节推断题。定位句提到，与夜猫子相比，他
47??遗传的，这就意味着如果你想知道为什么你每 们更不可能抑郁、酗酒或抽烟。其中 they 指的是定
天都是黎明醒来（或从未这样）.你大概应该看看你父 位段第一句中的 morning people。反过来可以推理
母。题干是对定位句的归纳，因此本题答案为G）。 出;夜猫子更有可能患抑郁症，因此本题答案为 D）。
40.【译文】早起的人可能成就更高，因为他的生理节奏 45.【译文】一位20岁的人可能比一位53 岁的人睡得
与工作日的节奏相匹配。 晚，起得晚。
【定位】由题干中的 likely to achieve more 和 【定位】由题干中的 20-year-old定位到文章 H）段第
workday 定位到文章 J）段倒数第二句。 二句。
J）【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，那就意味着喜欢 H）【精析】细节归纳题。定位句提到，孩子们倾向于早
早起的人与他们的工作日节奏更加一致，有可能取得 起，晚睡的倾向在 20岁左右达到顶峰.50岁左右又
更多成就。题干中的 matches the rhythm 是对定位 略微回到倾向于早起。由此可知，20岁的人睡得较
句中 in line with 的同义转述，因此本题答案为 J）。 晚，题干是对定位句的归纳，因此本题答案为 H）。
Section C
(。Passage One
★答 案 解 析 ★
46.【定位】由题干中的compete with fossil fuels定位至|第一段第三句。
四级 3—6B）【精析】细节辨认题。第一段提到了太阳能电池和风 市场被固定化.对这个行业的补贴只会不断增加。由
力发电涡轮机美好的发展前景。尽管现在它们发的 此可知，政策制定者因为补贴过高而不愿意发展可再
电只占全球发电量的7??但是其发展势头比任何其 生能源，故答案为 A）。
他能源都要强劲，而且因为成本不断降低使它们能和 49.【定位】由题干中的 make better use of green energy
化石燃料竞争，故答案为B）。 定位至第三段最后一句。
47.【定位】由题干中的 the dirty secret of green energy C）【精析】推理判断题。第三段前两句指出，政府因不
定位至第二段第四、五句。 愿意投入补贴而阻碍绿色能源的发展。第三、四句笔
D）精析】细节辨认题。第二段提到发展绿色能源面临 锋一转，指出解决问题的办法不是少用风能和太阳
的问题。第四句提到，绿色能源有一个不让人喜欢的 能;而是应该重新思考如何定价，以更好地利用绿色
秘密。第五句进一步解释这个秘密，即绿色能源使用 能源，故答案为 C）。
得越多，就能更多地降低任何能源发电的电力价格。 50.【定位】由题干中的 the problem with renewable
故答案为D）。 energy in nature定位至第四段第一句。
48.【定位】由题干中的 policymakers unwilling to develop A）【精析】细节辨认题。第四段探讨了可再生能源面临
renewable energy 定位至第三段第一句。 这些问题的原因。第一句开门见山地指出，本质上来
A）【精析】推理判断题。第三段介绍，在一些地区，随着 说;问题在于政府扶持的可再生能源被强加于一个在
政府补贴的减少;对可再生能源的投资也减缓了。第 不同的时期设计的市场上。随后进行了分析。由第
一句指出，政策制定者已经看到这个棘手的事实，并 一句可知，可再生能源的本质问题是市场是在不同的
以此作为理由 来 阻碍可再生能 源。其中，this 时期设计的，故答案为A）。
inconvenient truth指的是第二段最后一句--—除非
高频词汇及短语
account for（数量、比例上）占 put the brakes on sth.阻止某事物
competitive 【kom'petrv】】a.有竞争力的 reliable 【r'larobl】 a.可靠的
transition 【tr∶en'zI【n】 n.过渡 addictive 【o'dktv】a.使人成瘾的
★ 参 考 译 文★
太阳能电池和风力发电涡轮机被发明以来的几乎150年后，它们仍然只能生产全球7??电量。然而有些不同凡
响的事情正在发生。就在l0多年前，这两种能源还只能作为二级能源系统，但它们目前的发展势头比任何其他能源都
要强劲，（46）成本的不断降低也使它们能和化石燃料竞争。石油公司 BP预期，可再生能源在未来 20年将占全球能源
供应增长量的一半。我们的世界正进入一个清洁、不受限且廉价的能源时代，这一想法已不再遥不可及。
但是有一个问题。要在未来几十年里完成这个转变需要大量的投资。投资者通常喜欢将钱投资到电力，因为它提
供了可靠的回报。（47）而绿色能源却有一个不让人喜欢的秘密。使用的绿色能源越多，就能更多地降低任何能源发电
的电力价格。这使成功过渡到无碳未来变得很难。在此过程中，无论是用清洁或污染能源发电的技术公司想要正常运
转都需要保持收益。（48）除非市场被固定化，对这个行业的补贴只会不断增加。
（48）政策制定者已经看到了这个棘手的事实，并以此作为理由来阻碍可再生能源。在欧洲部分地区，，随着补贴的
减少，对可再生能源的投资也减缓了。（49）然而，解决方法不是少用风能和太阳能，而是重新思考为了更好地利用这些
能源，全球该如何对绿色能源定价。
（50）本质上来说，问题在于政府扶持的可再生能源被强加于一个市场上，而这个市场是在一个不同的时期设计
的。20世纪的大部分时间里，电力是通过垂直一体化的国有垄断企业生产传输的。从 20世纪 80年代往后，许多国
有企业解散、私有化和自主化，这样市场力量能决定最好往哪投资。如今;仅有6??电力用户使用龙断企业的供
电。而无处不在的电力供应脱碳的压力使得政府重新悄悄进入市场。由于三方面的原因，这会引发混乱。首先是补
贴体系本身。另外两个原因跟风能和太阳能的本质有关∶它们的间歇性和低廉的运营成本。这三种原因都能帮助解
释为何能源价格低，但是政府补贴却必不可少。
.Passage Two
★ 答 案 解 析★
51.【定位】由题干中的 economists 和 1975 定位到首段 济学家就以图表展示了国家财富与延长的预期寿命
第一句。 的关系;并得出结论;认为财富本身可以延长寿命。
B）【精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，早在 1975年，经 故本题答案为B）。
四级 3—752.【定位】由题干中的 difficult 和 increasing lifespan 定 异能密切预测预期寿命的差异，而财富的改变几乎无
位至第二段最后一句。 关紧要。综上所述，只有B）选项符合文章描述，故本
D）【精析】推理判断题。第二段最后两句提到了一个有 题答案为B）。
关教育和寿命的现象，即任何国家受教育程度更高的 54.【定位】由题干中education和 permanently定位至第
人往往比受教育程度较低的同胞活得更久。但是这 五段第一句。
样的人往往也更富有，因此难以确定是哪个因素延长 A）【精析】细节辨认题。第五段继续介绍卢茨的观点。
了寿命。其中最后一句中的 such people指的是 the 他认为，教育之所以能够推动财富和长寿，是因为教
more educated people，所以本题答案为D）。 育能永久地提高一个人的认知能力，让他们的余生有
53.【定位】由题干中 Wolfgang Lutz and his colleagues 更好的计划和自我管控能力。A）选项符合文章描
定位至第三段第二至四句。 述，故本题答案为 A）。
B）【精析】细节辨认题。第三段主要介绍了沃尔夫冈· 55.【定位】由题干中的 the best title定位到全文。
卢茨和他的同事们的发现。他们的成果可以总结为 C）【精析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了
三点∶一是财富与寿命相关;二是教育与寿命的关系 教育推动着长寿和财富，也就是说受教育程度和长寿
更密切、更直接，不随时间推移而改变;三是教育的差 之间有直接的关系。故C）项可作本文标题。
高频词汇及短语
attain 【ol'tern】 v.达到，获得 literacy 【ltrosi】 n.读写能力
compile 【kom'parl】 v.汇编 permanently 【'pe∶mon?ntli】ad. 长久地
emerge 【1'm?oxd3】 v. 显露，出现 predict Lpr'dukt】 v.预测
★参 考 译 文 ★
（51）早在1975 年，经济学家就以图表展示了国家财富与延长的预期寿命的关系，并得出结论，认为财富本身可以
延长寿命。这似乎是显而易见的∶人们维持健康所需要的一切东西—-从食物到医疗保健—都需要花钱。
但很快就发现，数据并不总是符合这个理论。经济好转并不总是意味着更长的寿命。此外，由于尚不清楚的原
因，随着时间的推移，国内生产总值的一定增长导致预期寿命不断增加，就好像增加寿命的成本越来越低。此外.在
20世纪80年代，研究人员发现。与财富增长相比.读写能力的提高带来了更 多的预期寿命的增加。 最后，任何国家
受教育程度更高的人往往比受教育程度较低的同胞活得更久。（52）但是这样的人往往也更富有，所以很难弄清楚哪
个因素会延长寿命。
现在，沃尔夫冈·卢茨和他的同事们通过收集 1970年到 2010 年间 174个国家的人均GDP、寿命和受教育年数的
平均数据做到了这一点。（53）他们发现，正如 1975年的研究结果一样，财富与长寿有关。但是，长寿与上学年限之间
的关系更加密切，而且它们之间的直接关系不会随着时间的推移而改变，就像财富一样。当研究小组将这两个因素放
到同一个数学模型中时，他们发现教育上的差异能够密切预测预期寿命的差异，而财富的变化几乎无关紧要。
卢茨认为，由于学校教育发生在一个人达到预期寿命之前很多年，这种相关性反映了原因∶更好的教育可以延长寿
命。它也往往会带来更多的财富，这就是为什么财富和长寿也是相关的。但是，卢茨说，重要的是，财富似平并没有推
动长寿，正如专家们所认为的那样-——-事实上，是教育推动着长寿和财富。
（54）他认为这是因为教育能够永久地提高一个人的认知能力，让他们的余生有更好的计划和自我控制能力。这个
观点得到了事实的支撑∶更聪明的人似乎活得更久。
Part Translation
M
Skating had already come into being in China as early as the Song Dynasty when it was not named skating but"ice
play".Skating includes varied kinds of events such as speed skating, figure skating and acrobatic skating. Skating not
only can strengthen the body's balance ability and flexibility, but also can enhance the function of heart and lung. It
has a pretty good effect on weight loss too. For adolescents,skating helps build the cerebellums. When running around
freely on the ice, you can gain both a relaxed mood and the fun of integrating into nature.
四级3—8_____
_____
The Key to Model Test Four
Part Writing
）参考范文
On the Independence of Young People
In the picture, the son asks his father to save money not only for his education but also for his retirement. Despite
a bit of exaggeration, the picture is a vivid description of a widespread phenomenon that nowadays many young people
tend to rely on their parents for their life and career,particularly for the financial support. However,I strongly
suggest that young people stand on their own two feet.
Self-reliance is a basic living skill for a person to survive. Although it seems to be reasonable to depend on parents
in such an intensely competitive society,young people cannot count on their parents forever. The sooner they start to
support themselves, the more social experience they can gain,and the greater success they will achieve. Besides, just
as the old saying goes, giving is much better than receiving. It is time for young people to shoulder their own
responsibilities to support their families and to return their parents'love.
In summary, young people should learn to do everything by themselves rather than count on their parents. The
only way to success is to hold future in one's own hands.
Part
Listening Comprehension
二
Section A
.News Report One
(1)When a dog loses a leg, the animal eventually figures out the best way to get around on three legs. In a short
time,the dog learns to deal with its physical disability. Now,scientists have developed robots that behave in much the
图己名
We can find robots everywhere.Robots build cars, play chess and can clean your house. They may someday drive
your car, too. Robots also help people in natural disasters.(2)Robots are deployed in search and rescue operations
following an carthquake.Robots can be sent to a lot of places said to be unsafe. The problem is that all of those types
of situations and environment are extremely unpredictable and hostile.And it is very likely that robots and humans in
those situations become damaged.(1)The scientists are developing technology so that robots will continue operating
after the first sign of injury.
1. What is the news report mainly about? D)
2. What can we know about robots from the news report? C)
News Report Two
We all know that exercise is good for your health. But some kinds of exercise may be better than others.(3)Running,
for example, may help to protect against heart disease and other health problems. Running may also help you live
longer. Researchers say it is not important how far you run. It also does not matter how fast or even how often you
run. As advertisements for the running shoe Nike say,"Just do it."
Recently, researchers studied more than 55 000 adults. About one-fourth of the adults reported they ran
regularly. The study found these runners were considerably less likely than non-runners to die of any form of disease.
including heart disease.(4)In fact, the runners lived, on average,three years longer than the non-runners. Compared
to non-runners,runners showed 30 percent lower risk of death by any causes, including heart attack,stroke or cancer.
3. What is the benefit of running according to the news? D)
4. How long did the runners survive the non-runners? B)
四级4-1. News Report Three
A single cigarette sold on a street corner may not cost a lot;however, the overall costs of smoking are huge. First,
consider the cost of human life.(5)The World Health Organization says about 10 people die of a tobacco-linked disease
every minute. That rate adds up to almost six million people dying from such diseases every year.
(6)For most people,stopping smoking is hard. Many began smoking as teenagers. They are used to it. Studies
show people who want to stop smoking can do so with different treatments. Other experts and former smokers offer
even more effective advice:If you are considering starting smoking, don't. Smoking costs more than the life of an
individual. It can affect the health of an entire country.(7)The World Health Organization says low-income countries
depend heavily on taxes from cigarettes. They use the money, in part, to pay the costs of health care for tobacco-related
diseases. But the illegal trade in tobacco products is further testing the economies of low-income countries.
5. How many people die from smoking every year? A)
6. Why is it hard to stop smoking for most people? A)
7. How do low-income countries partly spend the taxes from cigaretes?C)
Section B
Conversation One
W: Hello! Can you introduce yourself please?
M:Sure,my name is Steven Patterson and(8)I'm from a small town called Brentwood in Essex which is in England.
W: OK,Essex. Which part of England is that?
M: That's in the southeast.
W: Southeast.
M: Yeah, yeah.(9)It's attached to London, just next to London.
W: Oh, OK, but you said it's a small town.
M:(9)It's relatively small. The population is about 50 000.
W: OK, well, what kind of place is your town where you grew up?
M:It's actually a very nice and prosperous town. People often travel out from Brentwood into London and they work
in the city, because it's a pleasant place to live in.
W: Oh, it sounds nice. Well, now if you live in a little town near London,will it be really expensive?
M:Yes, because it's a desirable place to live in Brentwood and(10)the closeness to London also makes the housing
quite expensive.
W: Oh, really. When I think of a small British village,you know, I think of really old houses, and nothing's
changed, so do you have modern stuff, like a health club,a movie theatre or things like that?
M:(1l)The cinema in Brentwood actually closed down, but it does have a very nice health centre and as I said lots of
parks to play in.There are lots of opportunities to exercise and various forms of recreational activities.
W: Wow, sounds like a nice place to live in.
8. Where does the man come from? C)
9. What do we learn about Brentwood? A)
10. Which is one of the reasons for the high costs of Brentwood? D)
11. What can be inferred from the conversation about recreational activities in Brentwood? B)
.Conversation Two
W: Hey, Mark,could you tell me about the first job you ever had?
M:(12)When I was at university,I used to work for 12 hours from 6p.m.until6 a.m.in a printing factory one
night a week.
W: So you worked from 6 p.m. until 6 a.m.?
M: Yep,overnight. I eel that it is better to work just one long block of time rather than have a part-time job two or
three nights a week.
W: So for this job what exactly did you do? What were your duties?
四级4—-2M:(13)We took the TVguides from the printing presses and bundled them up to get them ready for distribution to the
various convenience stores,gas stands and bookstores throughout the whole country. We also had to make sure
that the shops and regions got the right number of guides.
W: So a job like that would be manual labor, and sometimes it is very hard, right?(14)I wonder what attracted you
most in the job.
________
M:(14)Because of the hours we all worked overnight,there was a combination of other university students. We used
to enjoy a good laugh while we were doing the work as well, and we really had quite a good team.
W:Sounds fun to make so many lovely friends while you are working.
M: Yes,(15)though the job is tiring,it was really a wonderful experience to work with so many great guys.
12.What was the man's first job? B)
13. What were the man's duties for his first job? D)
14. What attracted the man most in his first job? B)
15.What does the man think of his first job? A)
Section C
Passage One
(16)It is what failed dieters have long suspected: Fat people really can't keep the weight off. Scientists have
confirmed that the majority of overweight people who try to lose weight either by cutting calories or exercising will
return to their former size.Fewer than 10 percent of the 12 million Britons who go on a diet each year succeed in
losing significant amounts of weight and most of those who do put it all back on again within a vear.The scientists,
from the Medical Research Council's National Survey of Health and Development,followed 5 362 men and women
from their birth in 1946 and 20 000 from birth in 1958, measuring their weight and blood pressure and assessing their
lifestyles. They found both groups began gaining weight in the 1980s and had steadily increased in size ever since.
Dr. Rebecca Hardy,the council's program leader on body size,(17)said,"Once people become overweight, they
continue relentlessly upwards. They hardly ever go back down. It is better to avoid getting fat in the first place. For
men,weight goes up steadily through life.For women,it starts slowly and accelerates in the mid-thirties."Experts
have suggested evolution means we are programmed to put on weight rather than lose it.(18)Dieting can make this
tendency worse as decreasing calorie intake triggers the body to go into starvation mode and reduce the amount of
energy it naturally expends,making it even harder to lose weight.But the study's findings do not mean dieting is
pointless, so eating less and taking more exercise can increase fitness and lower blood pressure.
16. What have the failed dieters suspected? C)
17. What do scientists find after the long-time observation? D)
18. What role does dieting play in losing weight according to the passage? A)
。Passage Two
A common challenge for many teachers is keeping their students focused in class. After all, many children can
become distracted,bored or confused in a classroom setting,or abandon their concentration on a lesson plan.There
are various ways teachers can encourage their students to stay focused and make learning more interesting. Based on a
lack of students'focus, teachers are sometimes given the impression that their lesson plan is not motivating or
interesting to their students. (19)However, the problem might simply be that the students need change and
movement. It often helps for teachers to alternate quiet activities in class with more active and exciting lessons.
Something changing the pace of your lessons and activities can make all the difference in helping your students stay
focused,and ultimately enjoy the lesson you've prepared for them. Children tend to remain more focused when
interactive teaching tools are involved. For instance,(20)an interactive whiteboard in the classroom can help children
feel included, and thus stay more focused. What's more, it's an effective teaching tool, helping instructors enhance
lesson plans and students'learning. So remember, the slightest change in how vou deliver vour lesson plans can make a
world of difference when it comes to keeping your students focused. Above all,(21)to reach the best effect in class,
the first thing for teachers is to know the students'ability to maintain attention—for instance,based on their age
group—and enhance lessons accordingly for optimal focus and fun in the classroom.
四级4—319. What should teachers do to make students enjoy the class? C)
20. What is the function of the whiteboard in the class? A)
21. What should teachers know first to have the best effect in class? C)
。Passage Three
(22)A few degrees can make a big difference when it comes to food storage. Food can go bad if they get too
warm. But for many of the world's poor,finding a good way to keep food cool is difficult.Refrigerators are costly
and they need electricity.(23)Yet spoiled food not only creates health risks but also economic losses. Farmers lose
money when they have to throw away products that they cannot sell quickly. But in 1995, a teacher in northern
Nigeria named Mohammed Bah Abba found a solution. He developed the"Pot-in-Pot Preservation"or "Cooling
System."It uses two round containers made of clay（黏土）.A smaller pot is placed inside a larger one. The space
between the two pots is filled with wet sand. The inner pot can be filled with fruit, vegetables or drinks. A wet cloth
covers the whole cooling system.(24)Food in the smaller pot is kept from spoiling through a simple evaporation
process. Water in the sand between the two pots evaporates through the surface of the larger pot,where drier outside
air is moving.The evaporation process creates a drop in temperature of several degrees.This cools the inner pot and
helps keep food safe from harmful bacteria. The invention became popular with farmers in other African countries.
(25)Mohammed Bah Abba personally financed the first 5 000 pot-in-pot svstems for his own community and five
villages nearby.In 2000,the Rolex Watch Company of Switzerland honored him with the Rolex Award for
Enterprise. This award recognizes people trying to develop projects aimed at improving human knowledge
and wel-being.
22. What is an important factor in food storage? D)
23. Why does the speaker say spoiled food can create economic losses? B)
24. How does the pot-in-pot system work? B)
25. What can we learn about Mohammed Bah Abba? D)
Part Reading Comprehension
I
Section A
选项归类
名 词∶A）attempt（企图，尝试） F））effort（努力;精力） K）obstacle（障碍，阻碍）
N）well-being（幸福，健康）
动 词∶A）attempt（企图，尝试） C）classify（将……分类） D）coauthored（合著，共同执笔）
E） come（来，到来） G）enable（使可能，使发生） J） identify（识别;确定）
M）soaring（猛增，骤升）
形容词∶B）cheaper（更便宜的） L）small（小的;不重要的）
副 词∶H）especally（特别;尤其） I） exactly（精确地） O yet（尚未，仍未）
★答 案 解 析★
26.J）【精析】动词辨析题。空格前面为动词不定式符 去分词形式。空格后为 up with，所给动词中，
号 to，而空格后为名词短语，说明此处需填动词。 come与up with 能构成固定搭配，表示"想出，得
文章第一句说研究人员已经确定了很多种动物
出"，故选 come。
种类，但仍有数以百万计的种类等待被发现，所
28.L）【精析】形容词辨析题。空格前面为不定冠词 a;
以第二句承接前一句的意思，问要识别这些动物
空格后为名词 price;因此空格处应填入形容词。
种类需要花费多少钱，因此动词 identify"识别"
前一句说早在 2000年时，生物学家估计 50亿美
符合题意。
元可以解决这个问题，但现在即使是2 630亿美
27. E）【精析】固定搭配题。空格所在句的主语为 A
元对于了解生物来说也只是一个___数目。
pair of Brazilian scientists，，根据 and前面的并列
分析句意可知，small"小的"符合题意。
结构 has crunched 可知，此处也应填入动词的过
四级4—429.G）【精析】动词辨析题。空格所在定语从句中先行 饰。结合备选项，只有especially"尤其"符合此
词为 creatures，空格处需要填入一个动词作谓 处句意，故选 especially。
语。结合所给选项可知，只有动词 enable 符合 33.N）【精析】名词辨析题。本句空格前有介词of 和名
句意，此处意为"那些对农业、渔业、新药品和能 词 human，空格处需要填入一个名词与 human
源至关重要的生物"。 搭配构成名词短语。四个备选名词中只有 well-
30.M）【精析】动词辨析题。and 前的 extinction rates being"幸福，健康"与 human搭配符合句意，因
_和 and后的 climate change looming为 此选 well-being。human well-being 意为"人类
并列结构，说明此处需要填入动词的现在分词形 健康"。
式。本句意为"随着动物灭绝速度的_____以 34.D）【精析】动词辨析题。空格前为关系代词 who，
及气候变化的逼近"，结合常识及备选项，soaring 空格后有名词 paper，说明此处需要填入一个动词
"猛增，骤升"符合题意。 作谓语。本句出现了 Antonio Marques 和 Fernando
31.F）【【精析】名词辨析题。空格前为定冠词 the.因此 Carbayo 两个人名，还提到了 paper，由此可推知
空格处应该填入名词。根据文章内容及本句句 此处应填coauthored"合著"。
意可知，对地球上的生物种类进行记录并不是轻 35.K）【精析】名词辨析题。空格前为形容词 huge，后
而易举的事，需要一番"努力"，故 effort"努力" 面为介词 to.因此空格处应该填入名词。根据本
符合句意。 句提到的 shortage，再结合前面所说的资金方面
32.H）【精析】副词辨析题。空格后有动词的现在分词 的缺乏，可知本句所说的是另一个负面的因素，
形式，根据句子的语境可知此处应填入副词修 因此 obstacle"障碍，阻碍"符合题意。
★参 考 译 文 ★
研究人吊目前已，经确定 了 140万种动物种类，但还有数以百万计的种类等待被发现、被命名及被科学地描述。因
此要想识别地球上的每一种动物需要多少成本呢?巴西的两位科学家对此进行了大量运算，并得出结论∶需要 2 630 亿
美元。
这个数字远远大于哈佛大学著名生物学家爱德华·O.威尔森早在 2000 年给出的 50亿美元的估计，而且那是对地
球上所有物种的估计而不是仅仅局限于动物。纽约美国自然历史博物馆的鸟类学家乔尔 ·克拉克拉福特说，要想了解
那些对农业、渔业、新药品和能源至关重要的生物，2630 亿美元也只是一个很小的数目。他说∶"坦白地说，世界经济依
赖于生物多样化，人们并不能真正深入地了解我们对生物多样化的依赖程度。"
绝大多数生物学家认为，随着动物灭绝速度的攀升以及气候变化的逼近。急需做出努力以对地球上的生物多样化
或者生物区进行记录。尤其考虑到这些生命体对作物授粉、空气，净化以及 其他人类健康方面起到的至关重要的作用。
据估计，，"物种的灭绝速度比我们定义新物种的速度要快，"曾经与弗纳多·卡佰欧共同发表新论文的生物学家安乐尼
奥·马奎斯（他们都在巴西圣保罗大学）说，"我们必须了解需要保护的生物区并且保护好生物区。"
专家说，除了资金，另一个严重阻碍我们对动物王国进行全面了解的就是全球范围内分类学家的短缺。
Section B
庖解牛）
本文主要讲述有关美国食品安全法规推广的现状以及所面临的困难。
A）段介绍食品安全法规成立的目的是防止食品安全事故的频繁发生。
B）—D）段提出食品安全机构在推广食品安全法规的过程中遇到的主要困难—-资金问题。
E）—G）段主要介绍泰勒先生和食品药品监督管理局对国内农场进行探访，并收集有用的资料。
H）—J）段强调资金问题对该项法规推广造成的影响及隐患。
★答 案 解 析★
36.【译文】尽管新法规给予小型农场免税的优惠，卡普兰 【定位】由题干中的 Ms. Kaplan worried、exemption
女士仍然担心新法规会给小型农场主带来负担。 和 small farms定位到文章 G）段最后三句。
四级4—5G）『精析】细节归纳题。由定位句可知，新法规给予小 原文中的 have the greatest impact on，故答案为I）。
型农场免税的优惠，但有条件限制，所以卡普兰女士 41.【译文】人们希望食品药品监督管理局负责处理最基
仍然担心增加的文书工作和不懂农场如何运作的监 本的食品安全问题。
管人员会给小型农场主带来负担。题干是对定位句 【定位】由题干中的The FDA 和 basic 定位到文章
的概述，题干中的 gives exemption 对应定位句中的 C）段末句。
remits，故答案为G）。 C）【精析】同义转述题。由定位句可知，人们期望食品
37.【译文】为了降低食品安全问题发生的频率及严重 药品监督管理局负责处理最基本的问题，如野外作业
性，国会通过了食品安全法。 工人的洗手站、灌溉用水的测试以及保护田地免受可
【定位】由题干中的 reduce the frequency and 携带病菌的野生动物的侵害。题干中的 hoped与原
severity of food safety problems定位到文章 A）段最 文中的 expected相对应，故答案为 C）。
后一句。 42.【译文】食品药品监督管理局认为，大量新资金不到
A）【精析】同义转述题。由定位句可知，国会于去年 位，就无法对进口食品进行检查。
十二月通过食品安全法的目的是降低食品安全问题 【定位】由题干中的 foreign food inspections 定位到
发生的频率及严重性，题干把原文中的被动句改成了 文章I）段第四句。
主动句，故答案为A）。 I）【精析】同义转述题。由定位句可知，若大量新资金
38.【译文】食品安全的倡导者们担心预算的削减会导致 不到位，食品药品监督管理局几年后则无法对成千上
新法规没有效力。 万的进口食品进行检查。题干中的 due to lacking与
【定位】由题干中的 Food safety advocates 和 budget 原文中的 without 相对应，故答案为I）。
cuts定位到文章 H）段首句。 43.【译文】在泰勒先生在全国走访农场主之前，并无官
H）【精析】同义转述题。由定位句可知，当农场主们正 员就食品安全问题帮助过农场主。
担心新法规会太严苛时，食品安全的倡导者们却担心 【定位】由题干中的 visited farmers around the
预算的削减会导致新法规没有效力。题干中的make country 定位到文章 E）段第一句。
the law lack the necessary force for effectiveness是 E）【精析】细节推断题。由定位句可知，泰勒先生已经
对定位句中 render the law toothless 的同义转述，故 在全国走访了农场主，而且试图缓解他们因大批食品
答案为H）。 安全官员将来到他们的地里并告诉他们如何工作而
39.【译文】政府大幅削减预算导致食品药品监督管理局 引起的恐惧。由此可知，先前并无官员就食品安全问
没有足够的资金来实施食品安全法。 题帮助过农场主，故答案为E）。
【定位】由题干中的 cuts down the budget greatly和 44.【译文】法律要求经常检查高危设施。
implement the food safety law定位到文章 B）段第 【定位】由题干中的 frequent inspections 及 riskiest
二、三句。
facilities定位到文章 J）段第四句。
B）【精析】同义转述题。由定位句可知，政府大幅削减 J）【精析】同义转述题。由定位句可知，法律要求食品
预算意味着监管者不仅无法获得额外的资金，而且国 药品监督管理局要经常检查高危设施。题干中的
会还可能削减他们的预算。泰勒先生说，他们没有钱 demanded与原文中的 requires相对应，原文为主动
来实施食品安全法。题干中的 cuts down the budget 句，而题干为被动句，两者之间属于同义转换，故答案
greatly与定位句中的 budget-slashing 相对应，故答 为J3）。
案为B）。 45.【译文】吉米·吉尔尼克奇怀疑将土豆纳入食品安全
40.【译文】冻结或削减预算将对愈加频繁的检查产生最 法规内的必要性。
大的影响。 【定位】由题干中的 Jimmy Zilnicki doubted和 food
【定位】由题干中的The budget freeze or cuts定位到 safety rules定位到文章 F）段倒数第二句。
文章I）段第一句。 F）【精析】同义转述题。由定位句可知，吉米·吉尔尼
I）【精析】同义转述题。由定位句可知，冻结或削减预 克奇认为土豆是很安全的农作物，他怀疑把这种安全
算将对新法规要求的各项检查的大量增加产生最大 的农作物也纳入食品安全法规内的必要性。题干中
的影响。题干中的 have the most influence on 对应 的 necessary 对应定位句中的 worth，故答案为F）。
四级4—6Section C
( Passage One
★答 案 解 析★
46.【定位】由题干中的John Apollos and other participants 长。比起饱食终日的同类，那些吃不饱的恒河猴患糖
定位到第一段第四、五句。 尿病、心脏病、脑部疾病及癌症的概率大大地降低了。
C）【精析】细节辨认题。由定位句可知项目的研究者 故选 B）"控制热量摄入有助干帮人们减少疾病的
正致力于探究控制进食量是否能减缓衰老，延长寿 困扰"。
命。故C）"证明少吃是否可以延长寿命，保持年轻" 49.【定位】由题干中的 Dr.Marc Hellerstein's words定
符合题意。 位到第四段最后一句。
47.【定位】由题干中的"counterintuitive"（Line 1，Para.2） B）【精析】推理判断题。由定位句可知，既能预防疾病
定位到第二段第一句。 又能延年益寿的方法就是控制热量摄入。故 B）"有
A）【精析】语义理解题。由定位句可知，如果我们靠吃 效的热量控制可以让我们更健康、活得更长久"符合
题意。
饭来维持生命;那么挨饿如何能使我们延年益寿呢?
由此可知，节食减肥会延长寿命看似是不合乎常理 50.【定位】由题干中的 the main idea of this passage 定
的。故A）"不合常规的"符合题意。 位到全文。
48.【定位】由题干中的 rhesus monkeys定位到第二段最 B）【精析】主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，有效地控制人
后两句。 体热量的摄入可以延长人的寿命。故 B）"有效地控
B）【精析】细节辨认题。由定位句可知，研究人员发现， 制热量可以使人更长寿"符合题意。
通过控制热量摄入，类人恒河猴的寿命似乎也得以延
高频词汇及短语
caloric 【ko?'lorik】a.热量的 restriction 【r1'strk【on】 n.限制
participant 【pca!'tiSIpont】n.参与者 mechanism 【'mekon1zom】 n.机制
extend 【Ik 'stend】 v.扩大，延长 ultimate【'Altimit】a.最终的;首要的
★参 考 译 文 ★
约翰· 阿波罗斯是一名志愿者，他正在用老方法减肥————少吃东西。过去8 个月以来，阿波罗斯每天摄入的热量
比以往少了25??脂肪消失了，这一点也不奇怪。（46）但阿波罗斯和其他参与这一项目的志愿者比以往少吃四分之一
的真正原因可不是为了减肥。项目的研究者正致力于探究控制进食量是否能减缓衰老，延长寿命。阿波罗斯说;"我感
觉更好了，体重减轻了，更健康了。但是如果少吃真可以长寿，那可就太神奇了。"
（47）这种想法似平不合常理;如果我们靠吃饭来维持生命。那么挨饿如何使我们延年益寿呢? 但几十年来。热量控
制研究已从微小的酵母到老鼠等各种生物体上证实了这一点。（48）去年 7月;威斯康星大学科研人员进行的一项长期
研究发现，通过控制热量摄入，类人恒河猴的寿命似乎也得以延长。比起饱食终日的同类，那些吃不饱的恒河猴患糖尿
病、心脏病、脑部疾病及癌症的概率大大地降低了。
至少从1935年起，科学家们就猜想热量控制能够延长动物的生命。 康奈尔大学的研究人员那时就注意到，与正常
老鼠相比，被严格控制进食量的实验老鼠不仅更加健康，而且寿命是其两倍。其他研究者也开始了这方面的探索;他们
又认识到延长寿命的奥秘并不仅仅是体重问题。
有理论认为，轻度饥饿的状态可以起到温和而又持续的刺激作用，可以使机体更加健壮，对于衰老引起的疾病也更
有抵抗力。摄入更少的热量也减缓了新陈代谢速度。一些数据显示，新陈代谢缓慢的人活得更长。然而，即使上述理
论正确，仅仅明确了这一机制并不等于确定了隐藏其后的分子途径。倘若科研人员能确定分子途径，那就可以对热量
控制的效果进行药理模拟.这将是对热量研究的最终的好处。（49）加州大学的营养学家马克·赫勒斯戴尔博士表示∶
"要想既能预防疾病，又能延年益寿，控制热量摄入差不多是我们所知的唯一办法。"
Passage Two
★ 答 案 解 析 ★
51.【定位】由题干中的 the advicc from a ncw study定位 的成分，而是指代第一段。因此可以得知，这里的
到第二段。 建议就是第一段的内容。由此可知 C）"整天坐着
C）【精析】推理判断题。要正确解答此题，，需要弄清 而又担心健康的人应该多一些短暂的休息"为正
定位段中 That指代的内容。That 不是指代后面 确答案。
四级4—7—_
52.【定位】由题干中的 the cardiovascular risk 定位到第 Center定位到倒数第二段。
三段第一句。 C）【精析】细节辨认题。由定位段可知，该小组将研究
D）【精析】细节辨认题。由定位句可知，患心血管疾病 结果发表在了《欧洲心脏期刊》的网络版上，由此可
的风险来自长时间的久坐不动。故 D）"长时间不活 知.C）"这个小组在网上发表了他们的研究成果"符
动"符合题意。 合文意。
53.【定位】由题干中的 Mittleman 和 recommendation 55.【定位】由题干中的 the last paragraph定位到最后一
定位到第五段。 段。
A）【精析】推理判断题。由定位段可知，米特尔曼认为 B）【精析】推理判断题。定位段第二句指出，研究表明
报告中提出的建议与研究结果是相符的。故 A）"他 即使个人运动量的细微变化也有可能帮助降低患心
认为建议与研究结果一致"与文意相符。 血管疾病的风险。因此推出 B）"人们应该经常锻炼
54.【定位】由题干中的 the Cancer Prevention Research 以降低患心血管疾病的风险"为正确答案。
高频词汇及短语
frequent 【'frikwont】a.频繁的 consistent 【k?n'sistont】a.一致的，一贯的
prolonged 【pr?'lond】a.长期的 incorporate 【in'ko∶porert】 v.包含，并入
incrementally 【unkrI'mentli】 ad.递增地 slogan 【'slougon】 n.口号，标语
★参 考 译 文 ★
如果你因整天坐办公室而担心体重和健康，那就多休息一下。
（51）这是一项新研究得出的建议，该研究发现，久坐而不进行短暂休息的人患心脏病的危险要比那些经常站一站、
走一走的人高得多。
（52）该研究的发起人写道，患心血管疾病的风险来自长时间久坐不动（例如∶在办公室），表现为腰部较粗、血压较
高、身体炎症较多以及"良性"胆固醇水平较低。而且，如此长时间不活动甚至对那些常常去健身房锻炼的人也会产生
负面影响。
"这些发现并不让人吃惊，"默里·A.米特尔曼博士说。他是贝丝·以色列·迪肯尼斯医疗中心的心血管流行病学
研究小组主任、波士顿哈佛公共卫生学院流行病学系副教授。
（53）米特尔曼指出∶"实际上，卫生部长报告建议个人在一天内要不断递增运动量。这的确是与新的研究结果相符
的。"他不是澳大利亚研究组的成员。
（54）由吉尼维夫·N.海利领导的澳大利亚赫斯顿昆士兰大学的人口健康学院癌症预防与研究中心小组在1月 12
日将他们的研究结果发表在了《欧洲心脏期刊》的网络版上。
（55）"即使每天锻炼30到60分钟，你在一天余下的时间中所做的事情也可能对你的心血管健康很重要，"Healy解
释说。"这项研究表明，哪怕一个人运动量的细微变化（细微到像有规律地站一站）也有可能帮助降低患心血管疾病的
风险。这些变化随时都能融入一个人的日常生活中（包括工作环境中）。经常站一站，多动动，常动动，这可以作为口号
帮助人们传递这一信息。"
Part(IV Translation
The traditional culture of Chinese nation is extensive and profound with a long history. More than 2 000 years
ago, there emerged in China Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius, and Taoism represented by Laozi
and Zhuangzi as well as many other theories and schools that figured prominently in the history of Chinese thought.
This is the famous"The Hundred Schools of Thought".From Confucius to Sun Yat-sen,the traditional culture of
Chinese nation presents many precious ideas and qualities, which are essentially populist and democratic. For
example, they lay stress on the kindness and love, on the community, and on the world that belongs to all.
四级4-—8______
___
The Key to Model Test Five
Part Writing
参考范文
Too Many Burdens to Bear
As is illustrated in the picture, the newborn baby is expected to learn to walk, speak and read at 12 months old,
an age when babies can barely make meaningful utterances. This picture vividly shows that fierce competition in
modern time is imposing heavier and heavier burdens on children, who are now deprived of the right to enjoy a
carefree childhood.
It is not difficult to observe the heavy pressures imposed on children nowadays. The time has come to change our
philosophy of education.On the one hand, too many pressures are likely to twist children's mental health, which is
definitely detrimental to their long-term development. On the other hand,readiness to learn should be prioritized over
other factors in that interest is the most potent driving force to learn. One is more likely to succeed when he is
motivated than when he is forced to learn.
It is true that children should start learning at an early age to keep pace with their peers. Nonetheless, they should
not bear excessive pressures, which will hinder their growth.
Parte
ⅢListening Comprehension
Section A
。News Report One
Architects, engineers and building supervisors will soon be able to quickly collect information that once took
weeks to measure and process. (1)Scientists have developed a device to gather information about building interiors—
the design and exact measurements of a building.
The device requires only one pass through a building to create a three-dimensional model of the structure. In other
words, the model shows an object's height,width and depth. The device is also able to collect other valuable
information related to the building's energy usage.(2)The first thing you need to know is the exact shape of all rooms
in the building. You have to consider the size and position of heating and cooling equipment,windows and doors.
Another consideration is the placement of electrical outlets—the areas where electrically-operated equipment can be
connected to the power supply.
1. What is the news report mainly about? B)
2.What is the first thing you should know? A)
.News Report Two
It is not a secret that spending time outdoors is good for our health. The more we learn about the benefits of being
in nature, the more sense it makes to get outside.This could be especially important for school children.(3)New
research suggests that kids may learn better when they are surrounded by greener spaces.Green spaces are spaces filled
with vegetation—like trees,flowers and other plants.
But these days,outdoor time is competing for a child's attention with indoor activities.Children may find it
difficult to resist computers,television and electronic games. In many parts of the world, children are spending less
and less time outdoors.(4)All these indoor activities can hurt a child's physical and mental health. But can it affect
how well they do in school? Researchers are trying to answer that question.
四级5—13. What does the new research suggest? C)
4. What does the news item say about those indoor activities? C)
.News Report Three
(5)While flying high above the Earth's surface, jet fighter pilots may suffer loss of eyesight for brief periods.
Some pilots may even lose consciousness—not being able to recognize what is happening around them. These
experiences.commonly called "blackouts," can lead to tragic results.
Researchers say two different situations can lead to a pilot's loss of consciousness.One is"G-LOC" or G-force
induced loss of consciousness, and the other one is hypoxia,which is lack of oxygen to the brain.(6)"G-LOC"
happens when the airplane is making a sharp turn or speeding up very quickly. During these periods, centrifugal force
reduces the normal flow of blood to the pilot's brain. At high speed, loss of control of the aircraft has proved deadly
for many pilots.(7)Hypoxia,or lack of oxygen, can affect anyone at extreme heights. That is why passenger planes
are equipped with oxygen masks.Passengers are always told before flving to put on the masks in case of a sudden loss
of air pressure.
5. What is the news report mainly about? D)
6. When does "G-LOC" usually happen? B)
7. Why are passenger planes equipped with oxygen masks? D)
Section B
Conversation One
W: Do you think families have changed much in the last 50 years?
M: I think families everywhere have changed a lot in the last five decades.
W: What do you think is the biggest change?
M:(8)Well,in the past,three or four generations would live together under the same roof. Nowadays,relatives
living in the same city have become rare.
W: That's true. You know, some husbands and wives don't even live in the same city any more.
M: Would you ever consider having your parents live with you when they get older?
W:(9)I guess I'm a bit old-fashioned. I'd rather have my parents live with me than live in a retirement home.
M:(10)That's very respectable, but I could never live with my parents. I usually only see them at our Christmas
celebration and that's enough!
W: How about your other siblings? Do they spend a lot of time with your parents?
M: Two of my sisters still live at home, even though they have already graduated from university and had jobs. (10)They
enjoy spending their free time with my parents. I guess in that respect,I'm the black sheep of the family.
W: I see. Do your parents ever ask you to come home to visit them more often?
M:(11)They're always asking me to come home,but I think our relationship is better if we keep a distance from each
other. Whenever we see each other, all we do is fight.
W: Well, you know what they say,"You can choose your friends, but not your family."
8. What does the man think is the biggest change for families? C)
9.What does the woman wish to do when her parents get older? A)
10. Why does the man say he is the black sheep of the family? B)
11. Why is the man unwilling to live with his parents? D)
。Conversation Two
W:(12)How is your house hunting going?
M: Not very well. I haven't found anything within my price range yet.
W: How much do you want to spend?
M:I can only afford about E 300 a month.
W:(14)Looks like you're not going to get more than a bedroom in a shared flat with that.
M: Really? That's a lot of money to pay for one room.Do you know anyone who needs a roommate?
W:Well, if you want to live in London, you have to pay the price! I can ask around at work. Do you have a
preference for smokers or non-smokers?
四级5—2M:(13)I'd prefer non-smoking roommates, but I guess I'll have to take what I can get!
W: How long do you want to sign a contract for?
M: I can sign a contract up to a year. I don't know where I'll be after that.
W:Do you need a furnished or unfurnished apartment?
M:(14)I don't have any furniture,so it would be great if it were furnished.
W: You know that you'll have to pay utilities on top of the rent,right?
M: No, I thought that would be included in the rent.
W:It's not usually included, so you'll have to factor in about f 100 more each month for utilities.
M:I don't think I can afford that.
W:Don't worry.(15)Sometimes people will give you a discount if you promise to do the cleaning or take care of the lawn.
M: That's a good idea. I'll look into finding something like that.
12. What has the man been doing recently? B)
13. What kind of roommate will the man prefer? B)
14. What kind of room will the man prefer? D)
15. What should the man do if he wants to get a discount? A)
Section C
Passage One
Passion fruit is the edible fruit of the passionflower.(16)Spanish explorers coined the name passion fruit in honor
of the passion of Christ. For them, the appearance of the passionflower symbolized many Christian beliefs. Passion
fruit grows on a vine in its native tropical and subtropical regions.(17)Commercially, it's grown in Brazil, the
Caribbean,Australia,Africa and some areas of the southern United States. Because of its beautiful flower and the
high demand for the fruit, passion fruit is successfully cultivated in native as well as non-native areas. (18)There are
two types of passion fruit: purple passion fruit and yellow passion fruit. They are different in appearance but taste the
same. The former one is about the size of a large egg, oval shaped with a purple-brown skin.(18)The latter one is a
bit larger, round and about the size of an orange. This type is bright yellow on the outside. Both contain a jelly-like
pulp inside with hundreds of small black seeds. Passion fruit is popular in gourmet cooking. It is used in many desserts,
such as passion fruit mango mousse and passion fruit brulee. Some jams are made of passion fruit. Passion fruit is also
used in main dishes, such as lobster with passion fruit butter sauce. Juice,punch, liqueurs and cocktails have a tropical
flair when made with it.
16. Why do Spanish people call the fruit passion fruit? C)
17. Which of the following is the growth place of passion fruit? B)
18. What do we know about the yellow passion fruit? D)
Passage Two
I had spent my last day in London visiting friends, taking pictures, and doing some shopping. I had bought some
presents: a shirt for my brother,a book for my sister,(19)and a clock for my father.After travelling in a crowded
bus and waiting in the noisy airport building, I was glad to be sitting on the plane at last. In a few minutes, we would
be asked to fasten our seat belts and to stop smoking, and then we would soon be up in the sky on our flight to Berlin.
But I was mistaken. (20)Ten minutes later, instead of enjoying the beauty of the evening sky from high above the
clouds,I was forced to sit in a smoke-filled room with an airline official and a police officer at my side. On the table
in front of me was one of my suitcases. The officials were very polite. They asked me to show them my passport, my
ticket, and my baggage check. Then I was requested to open the suitcase and to spread out its contents on the table. I
did as I was told.The moment I placed the alarm clock on the table, the two officials looked at each other and smiled.
(21)Hcaring the clock ticking away merrily,I suddenly understood. Someone must have heard the ticking noise
coming from my suitcase and thought there was a time bomb hidden in it.
19. What present did the speaker buy for her father? B)
20. What was the speaker doing ten minutes after she got on the plane?D)
21. Why did the speaker get off the plane? B)
四级 5-—3,Passage Three
(22)Sports have unwritten rules,so does business—and violators are often punished just as swiftly. Here are some
of them. First of all,(23)never dress above your position.Everybody knows that dressing for succss is important.
It's also the surest way to draw the not-so-friendly fire of colleagues. Dress slightly "better"if you want—but just
slightly.Otherwise you'll be perceived as a shameless climber. The only time this doesn't apply is if you run your own
business, but even then you should dress in a way that enhances your image while ensuring customers feel comfortable.
Besides, never embarrass a peer in a meeting. (24)A colleague proposes an idea. It stinks. Not your job to say so,
though. If you're a supervisor and another supervisor makes a terrible suggestion that doesn't affect your area or your
employees,sit tight.(24)Let somcone else, preferably someone above you, shoot it down. Then jump in if you can to
modify the idea so it is more workable,giving credit to the other supervisor for raising an important issue,of course.
Bad ideas come and go, but professional relationships should be forever. Furthermore, never"borrow"someone's
idea. Business owner,CEO, supervisor,entry-level employee...It doesn't matter.(25)Always give credit where
credit is due. Steal an idea,and the victim never forgets. And don't fall back on the old,"Well, they work for me,and
we're a team...so I was just raising the idea on behalf of the team."No one goes for that excuse but you.
22. According to the speaker, what is the similarity between sports and business? A)
23. What will happen when someone dresses improperly in the company? D)
24. What should we do if a colleague proposes a bad idea?C)
25. What does the speaker say about ideas? A)
Part
Reading Comprehension
Section A
选项归类
名 词∶D）colors（颜色，色彩） F）figure（体形;数字） H）hue（色调，色度）
J）number（数字;数量） O） trigger（诱发某事的因素）
动 词∶ B）blocked（阻挡;阻止） C）changed（变化，改变） D）colors（为………染色）
E）damaged（损害，损坏） F）figure（出现;认为） J）number（给……编号）
M）summoning（召集;召唤） N）suppresses（抑制∶压制） O） trigger（引发，激发）
形容词∶A）adjacent（毗连的，邻近的）E）damaged（受损伤的，被破坏的））I） hurtful（伤害人的）
副 词∶G）genetically（从基因方面，从遗传学方面） K）somchow（不知怎么地，用某种方法）
L）somewhat（有点儿，有几分）
★ 答 案 解 析★
26.N）【精析】动词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，空格所 28.E）【精析】形容词辨析题。由空格前的动词 rebuild
在从句为 that 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 和空格后的名词 tissue 可知，此处需要填入形容
something，定语从句中缺少谓语，故空格处应填 词作名词的定语。根据句子大意;白细胞首先产
动词。根据空格后的单词 inflammation 以及阿 生反应，自动导引到伤口消灭感染源，清除伤口
司匹林的例子，再结合上一句中所说消炎药可能 污物，并重新修复____组织，再结合所给选
起到抗癌或 者防癌的作用，可 以 推断 出 项，可 以推断出，应是修复受损伤的组织。
suppresses符合句意，用在此处表示"抑制"。 hurtful"伤害人的"不符合句意，damaged"受损伤
27.O）【精析】名词辨析题。此处应填入名词与 this共 的，被破坏的"正确。
同构成 react to 的宾语。根据此句前半部分可以 29.G）【精析】副词辨析题。根据此句的句子结构可以得
得知白细胞首先对此产生反应，后半部分说自动 知，此处应选副词作状语。根据该句后半部分的意
导引到伤口消灭感染源，清除伤口污物。由此可 思可知，为了使斑马鱼在紫外线照射下其表皮细胞
知，原文中白细胞产生反应的对象是一种诱发因 和白细胞呈现不同的___，需要_____改变
素，再结合选项中的名词，可以推断 trigger 一词 斑马鱼，可以推断出空格处所填单词应和基因有关，
符合原文意思。 因此只有 genetically 一词符合题意。
四级 5-430.D）【精析】名词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，空格处 33.J）【精析】名词辨析题。由空格前面的介词 in推
应填入名词作 show 的宾语。根据句子所给出的 断，此处应填入名词。从句子意义上可以得知，癌
信息可知，在紫外线的照射下表皮细胞和白细胞 细胞群体____减少，应选用和数字有关的名
会呈现不同的_____，然后结合选项中的名词， 词。在选项中只有 number 和 figure 两个词表示
可以确定 hue 和 colors符合文意，但是 hue 一词 数字。从搭配上说，in figure没有"在数量上"的意
表示"色调，色度"，而且是单数形式，所以应选colors。 思，而 in number 有此含义。因此，number 符合
31.M）【精析】动词辨析题。空格处所在的句子由两部分 题意。
组成，根据前一部分的语法结构和两部分之间所使 34.A）【精析】形容词辨析题。首先根据句子结构可以
用的标点符号可以得知;逗号前面为主要成分;后面 得知此处是形容词短语作定语修饰前面的名词。
为修饰性或补充说明性成分，依附于前一部分，因此 然后，根据选项中所给的形容词，再结合句子意
此处应为动词的分词形式。结合选项和句子所 义可以推知，adjacent 符合原文意思，和 to 搭配
提供的信息可知，summoning"召集"为正确答案。 表示"临近"的意思，整个形容词短语表示"临近
32.B）【精析】动词辨析题。根据句子结构可知，空格处 癌细胞的正常表皮细胞"，因此答案应为
应填入谓语动词。根据前面提到的过氧化氢会 adjacent。
吸引那些为癌细胞提供生长机会的白细胞以及 35.K）【精析】副词辨析题。根据句子结构可知.此处应
后半句中提到的白细胞不再受到癌细胞吸引来 填入副词作状语修饰整个句子。结合备选副词
推断，该小组应该是抑制了过氧化氢的产生。故 somehow和 somewhat 的词义可知，somehow"不
blocked符合原文意思。 知怎么地，用某种方法"符合句意。
★参 考 译 文 ★
似乎个体的癌细胞同伤口一样会传递同样的疼痛信号，欺骗免疫细胞从而帮助它们长成肿瘤。调查结果显示消炎
药可能会起到抗癌或者防癌的作用。"一生中，如果你服用少量消炎类的药物，如阿司匹林，就有可能减少得癌症的风
险，"英国曼彻斯特大学的亚当·赫尔斯通说。
组织受伤或感染会产生过氧化氢。对此，血液细胞中的白细胞首先产生反应，自动导引到伤口消灭感染源，清除伤
口污物，并重新修复受损组织。最初是组织发炎，但是当伤口被清理干净并且组织不断被修复后，炎症会消退。目前，
对斑马鱼的一项研究显示肿瘤细胞也参与并支持了这一过程。
赫尔斯通和他的同事们改变了斑马鱼的基因结构，使其表皮细胞和白细胞在紫外线照射下呈现不同的颜色。为使
一些斑马鱼产生癌变的表皮细胞，也对它们进行了改变。
研究小组发现癌变的表皮细胞分泌过氧化氢，这能够召集助其一直长成肿瘤的白细胞。 当研究小组抑制斑马鱼中
过氧化氢的产生时，白细胞不再受癌细胞吸引，从而癌细胞群落数量减少。
更令人担忧的是，研究人员发现临近癌变细胞的正常表皮细胞也会产生过氧化氢，这表明癌细胞用某种方法指派
正常表皮细胞诱发炎症。
Section B
氧诵刊潮讯
本文指出学生与图书管理员之间存在着一道鸿沟，而学生、教职员工和图书管理员都对此负有责任。在实现
"为读者节约时间"的目标之前，图书管理员应先让学生学会向他们寻求帮助。
A）、B）两段介绍了ERIAL项目.指出该项目通过开放式采访和直接观察学生行为的方法获得了较深入和主
观的报道，发现学生和图书管理员之间存在鸿沟。
C）——G）段阐述了ERIAL 项目的几大发现∶学生过分依赖 互联网寻找资源、网络时代的孩子并没有想象中那
么擅长使用谷歌、学术性的搜索引擎也不一定就能帮学生解决问题、学生没有向图书管理员寻求帮助的意识等，并
阐述了造成这种现象的几个可能的原因。
H）段分析了教职员工对鸿沟应负的责任。由于他们自身对图书管理员期望不高，所以也.不会帮学生同图书管
理员建立联系。
I）、J）两段指出 ERIAL项目的作用，并呼吁图书管理员在实现"为读者节约时间"的目标之前，应先让学生学
会向他们寻求帮助。
四级 55★ 答 案 解 析★
36.【译文】在 ERIAL 项目中搜索资料来源时，即使绝 41.【译文】学生过度依赖互联网寻找资料来源。
望，学生中也无一人向图书管理员寻求帮助。 【定位】由题干中的 rely heavily on the Internet定位到
【定位】由题干中的 asked a librarian for help和 in 文章C）段首句。
despair定位到文章 F）段最后一句。 C）【精析】同义转述题。由定位句可知，这次研究最让人
F）【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，当查找资料来源 担忧、也是最能够预料的发现是;在互联网时代，学生
时，被观察的许多学生甚至感到绝望过，但没有一个 在查询及评估资料来源时对网络极为依赖。题干中的
人曾向图书管理员寻求帮助。题干与定位句表述基 rely heavily on the Internet 与原文中的 extremely
本一致，故答案为F）。 Internet-dependent 属于同义转述，故答案为 C）。
37.【译文】一项耗时两年、有五所学校参与的人种学研 42.【译文】教授对图书管理员的期望不高，因此他们没有
究使图书管理员意识到，学生很少向其寻求帮助。 让学生去和图书管理员建立联系。
【定位】由题干中的 librarians learned 和 a two-year， 【定位】由题干中的 Professors fail to connect students
five-campus ethnographic study 定位到文章 A）段前两句。 to librarians及low expectations定位到文章 H段倒数
第四句。
A）【精析】同义转述题。定位句先提出了学生很少向图
书管理员寻求帮助的现象，后面的 This is one of the H）【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，教职员工对图书
sobering truths the librarians have learned...则表明 管理员的期望不高，因此他们不会让学生去和图书管
了前面所说的现象正是这项研究的发现之一。题干 理员建立联系，也没有让学生明白和图书管理员合作
中的 turn to librarians for help 对应定位句中的 ask 会有所帮助。定位句中的 faculty指的是上一句中的
librarians for help，故答案为 A）。 professors，题干中的 fail to connect students to
38.【译文】学生不愿向图书管理员寻求帮助的最重要的 librarians 对应定位句中的 students may not be
原因是他们没有意识到自己对信息并不了解。 connected to librarians，故答案为 H）。
【定位】由题干中的 The most important reason 和 43.【译文】出乎伊利诺伊州研究者的意料，学生们并不
information illiteracy定位到文章 G）段前两句。 那么擅长使用谷歌。
G）【精析】同义转述题。由定位句可知.研究表明，学生 【【定位】由题干中的 Illinois researchers 和 not good
不愿向图书管理员寻求帮助的最根本原因是;和其他 at using Google 定位到文章D）段第二句。
所有人一样，他们并没有意识到自己对信息不了解的 D）【精析】同义转述题。题干中的 surprised是原文中
程度。题干中的 did not realize their own information did not expect的同义转换，定位句中冒号后面的内容
illiteracy 正是对原文 unaware of the extent of their 就是出乎研究者意料的具体内容;学生们并不那么擅
own information illiteracy 的同义转述，故答案为 G）。 长使用谷歌。题干与定位句意思一致，故答案为D）。
39.【译文】ERIAL项目采用开放式采访和直接观察的方 44.【译文】在实现"为读者节约时间"的目标之前，图书
法来获得较深入和主观的报道。 管理员应先让学生学会向他们寻求帮助。
【定位】由题干中的 Open-ended interviews and direct 【定位】由题干中的"saving time for the reader"和 get
observation、the ERIAL project 和 deep and subjective students to ask for help定位到文章 I）段第三、四句。
定位到文章B）段。 I【精析】同义转述题。定位句中的 that 指的就是
academic librarians should seek to "save time for the
B）【精析】细节归纳题。由定位段可知，研究人员通过开
放式采访和直接观察的方法来收集数据资料，接着给 reader"，题干中的 realize the goal 对应定位句中的
出了这样做的目的∶"to generate data that...would they can do that，故答案为I）。
provide deep，subjective accounts"，即得出比较深入、 45.【译文】经常被学生使用的JSTOR数据库并不一定能
主观的报道。题干中的 report 对应 原文中的 帮助学生解决问题，因为它不能提供最新科研文章。
accounts，故答案为B）。 【定位】由题干中的 newest articles、JSTOR 和 not
40.【译文】除学生外，图书管理员和教授也应该为学生和 necessarily help students solve their problems定位到
图书馆工作人员之间的鸿沟负责任。 文章 E）段。
【定位】由题干中的 librarians and professors 和 gap E）【精析】细节归纳题。该段首先指出;比较学术的资
between students and library employees定位到文章 H） 源也不一定能帮学生解决问题，随后以 JSTOR为例，
段前两句。 指出虽然JSTOR在采访中被学生们提到的次数位居
H）【精析】同义转述题。由定位句可知，除了学生，图书 第二，学生们经常使用它搜索某些话题的当前研究情
管理员和教授也应该为学生和图书馆工作人员之间的 况，但是却没有意识到它并不提供最新发表的文章。
鸿沟负部分责任。题干中的 gap 对应定位句中的 题干中的 newest articles 对应原文中的 the most
gulf，故答案为H）。 recently published articles，故答案为E）。
四级 5—6Section C
(Passage One
★ 答 案 解 析★
46.【定位】由题干中的 opinion 和 smartphone 定位到原 受或是难相处的人际关系，故答案为 A）。
文第一段最后一句。 49.【定位】由题干中的 traditional methods定位到原文
D）【精析】细节辨认题。由定位句可知;作者认为智能 最后一段第一句。
手机虽然可能让人感觉时刻和外界保持着联系，但是 D）【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，在诊断抑郁症方
其实是一种隔离自己的方式，故答案为 D）。 面，手机比其他一些传统方法更可靠。接下来一句指
47.【定 位】】由题 干中的 study 和 Northwestern 出;在标准化的行业惯例中，病人经常被要求从1 到
University 定位到原文第二段。 10来表明自己的痛苦程度，以此来描述自己的症状，
B）【精析】细节辨认题。由定位段最后一句可知，这项 故答案为D）。
发表在《医学互联网研究期刊》上的研究同时也发现， 50.【定位】由题干中的 Patients'daily activities定位到
平均来看，抑郁人群会比非抑郁人群花费更多的时间 原文最后一段最后一句。
在手机上，故答案为B）。 C）【精析】推理判断题。由定位句可知，智能手机可以
48.【定位】由题干中的 Mohr 定位到原文第三段第一句。 不动声色而准确地监测病人的日常行为;提供可以让
A）【精析】细节辨认题。由定位句可知;人们在使用手 医疗人员意识到有介入的必要性的数据，也就是说可
机的时候;更容易避免想那些烦恼的事情、痛苦的感 以让病人得到及时的治疗，故答案为C）。
高频词汇及短语
Scroll 【skraoul】 v.滚屏 depression 【d'prejon】n.抑郁
refresh 【r!'frej】 v.刷新，更新 rote 【rout】n.死记硬背
seclude 【s'klurd】 v.（使）与……隔离 trigger 【'trIgo】 v.引发
scenario 【sI'na∶rioo】n.可能出现的情况 behavioral psychology 行为心理学
★参 考 译 文 ★
你也许知道这种感受∶在傍晚时分，你仍然没有离开家。你已经玩儿了好几个小时的手机，翻看着你在Facebook
上的动态消息，刷新你的Twitter，或是看YouTube上的视频。（46）一部智能手机可能让你觉得好像时时都在与外界联
系，但是这其实也是一种隔离自己的方式。
西北大学费恩伯格医学院的研究人员的最近一项研究的数据发现上述的情况——手机的高使用率和静止不
动——或许和抑郁有关。（47）这项发表在《医学互联网研究期刊》上的研究同时也发现，平均来看，抑郁人群会比非抑
郁人群花费更多的时间在手机上。
（48）这项研究的高级作者之一、西北大学行为心理学教授大卫·莫尔在一份声明中说∶"人们在使用手机的时候更
容易避免去想那些烦恼的事情、痛苦的感受或是难相处的人际关系。这是我们在抑郁中常见的一种回避行为。"他同时
指出抑郁人群更易于收敛自己的情绪或是避免外出————可以说智能手机上不间断的大量娱乐活动助长了这些行为。
这项研究的参与者是由一群之前患过抑郁症或是没有患过此病的人结合组成的。在同意自己手机使用情况被监
控两周的时间之前;他们完成了一项调杏问卷，描述了自己的症状。通过使用全球定位系统。研究人员追踪了他们的位
置以及他们使用手机的时间。研究人员随之就可以通过手机上收集到的数据断定哪些参与者是抑郁的，准确率达
到87??
（49）西北大学的一位研究者索拉博·赛义卜在发布会上说，在诊断抑郁症方面，手机比其他一些传统方法可能更
可靠。在标准化的行业惯例中，病人经常被要求从1到10来表明自己的痛苦程度，以此来描述自己的症状。在发布会
上，依据赛义卜所言，这些反馈都是生硬且不可信的。（50）相比之 下，该研究发现智能手机却可以不动声色而准确地监
测病人的日常行为，提供可以让医疗人员意识到有介入的必要性的数据。
。Passage Two
★ 答 案 解 析 ★
51.【定位】由题干中的Ocupational Employment Statistics A）【【精析】细节辨认题。定位段表明，根据美国劳工统
survcy定位到第一段。 计局最近的《职业就业统计》调查报告，虽然企业高管
四级 5—7的薪水或许最能够受到媒体关注，但是收入最高的却 D）【精析】推理判断题。根据定位句可知。作者的观点
是那些顶级的医疗专家。因此正确答案为 A）。 是;人们应该关注低薪工作人数和高薪工作人数的差
52.【定位】由题干中的 at the bottom of earning list定位 异，而非它们的薪水差异。这里强调的是人数差异。
到第三段最后一句。 D）"从事低薪工作的人比从事高薪工作的人多"强调
D）【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，在美国，薪酬最低 的正是低薪与高薪工作人数的差异，故为答案。
的工作当属快餐店厨师，这份工作的平均时薪只有 55.【定位】由题干中的 according to the BLS定位到第二
9.07美元，全职年薪为18870美元，故答案为D）。 段末句和第五段第二句。
53.【定位】由题干中的 Paragraph 4直接定位到第四段。 D）【精析】推理判断题。第二段末句讲的是医疗行业在
C）精析】推理判断题。定位段讲的是餐饮服务行业工 未来可能会扩张，由此可排除 A）;第五段第三句提
作占据了多数低薪职业。因此可以推断 C）"餐饮服 到，就业人数最多的十种职业中，仅有注册护十的平
务员有可能得到低薪"正确。选项 D）"洗发员是最穷 均年薪超过全美平均工资水平，但并未提具体人数，
的人"可能会带来困扰，第四段提到洗发员同样也是 由此可排除 B）;C）"职业人数越多，薪水越少"，文中
薪资低的工作，但我们不能判断他们是不是最穷的 没有明确提到，也可排除;D）"大多数人数较多的职
人，用最高级太绝对了。所以本题答案为C）。 业薪水都更低"，与第五段意思相符，故为答案。
54.【定位】由题干中的 Perhaps more...than high-wage
jobs和 Paragraph 5定位到第五段第一句。
mm 高频词汇及短语
bureau 【'bjorou】 n.局;机构 executive 【ig'zekjotiv】n.主管，经理
internist【'nts∶nost】n.内科医生 eyebrow【'arbrau】n.眉毛
psychiatrist 【sar'karotrost】n.精神科医生 ?usher【'Ao】 n.引座员，迎宾员
★ 参 考 译 文 ★
（51）根据美国劳工统计局最近的《职业就业统计》调查报告，虽然企业高管的薪水或许最能够受到媒体关注，但是
收入最高的却是那些顶级的医疗专家。
麻醉师，再次以235070美元的平均年薪力拔头筹。全科医生和专科医生占据了全美十大高薪职业的大部分席位。
再往下，内科医生、家庭和全科医生、精神科医生延续了上面的趋势。（55）劳工统计局称，医疗保健行业的扩张意味着
内科和外科医生的就业人数在 2012至 2022年间预计将增长近 20??快于所有职业的平均速度。
在企业类职业中，唯一挤进这份名单的是首席执行官，以178 400 美元的平均年薪位居第十位。尽管高管在十大高
薪职业中的相对弱势有点让人始料不及，但另一方面，十大低薪职业构成情况给人带来的意外却不多。（52）在美国，薪
酬最低的工作当属快餐店厨师，这份工作的平均时薪只有9.07美元，全职年薪为18870 美元。
（53）事实上，餐饮服务行业的工作在低薪职位中占据了大部分，从事备餐、洗碗、收银和自助餐服务等工作的员工，
只能领到大约2 万美元的年薪，甚至还不到这个数字。洗发员同样也是薪资最低的工作，平均时薪为 9.09美元，或者
年薪为 18 910美元，同样低薪的职业还有剧院引座员、游乐场服务员和农场雇工。
（54）或许，相比最高薪职业和最低薪职业薪酬差距有多少，更重要的是从事低薪工作的人要比从事高薪工作的人
多出多少。（55）劳工统计局称，"美国就业人数最多的几种职业，薪酬大多都偏低。就业人数最多的十种职业，仅有注
册护士以68910美元的平均年薪超过全美平均工资水平（时薪22.33美元.或者年薪 46 440美元）。"在就业人数最多
的十种职业中其他的几种职业.平均年薪从最低的备餐及服务人员（年薪 18 880美元）到除法律、医疗和行政部门以外
的秘书和行政助理（年薪34 000 美元）不等。
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Translation
Part(
China is dedicated to building a national system of innovation to promote the innovation of knowledge,
technology and institution by creating a favourable environment.The Chinese government supports scientists in
undertaking basic research to meet the demand of the country and to promote the development of science,and
encourages them to conduct "curiosity-driven research". In the next 50 years or even a longer period of time,China's
development will largely rely on the innovative achievements of today's basic research and high-tech research,and on
the high-quality talents who are bound to be nurtured in the course of these researches.
四级5—8
