夜雨聆风
【2026版高考总复习红与勾讲与练英语word电子版08.第八讲 非谓语动词
单句语法填空
1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days to give (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
2．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find (find) the connection between the two great writers.
3．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Recalling (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play RichardⅢ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of ThePeonyPavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
4．(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend to catch (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
5．(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful coexistence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, borrowing (borrow) some familiar words from many ageold fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message intended (intend) for everyone.
6．(2023·全国乙卷)From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3，000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully built (build) system of ring roads.
7．(2023·全国乙卷)Having visited (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the coexistence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
8．(2023·全国乙卷)As a photographer, I have spent the last two years recording (record) everything I discovered.
9．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue (舌头)．
10．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the recognized (recognize) home of the soup dumpling, but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiaolongbao‘s birthplace.
11．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best xiaolongbao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
12．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left wanting (want) more next time.
13．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
14．(2022·全国甲卷)Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
15．(2022·全国甲卷)He flew 4，700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept.20, planning (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
考点一 非谓语动词的时态和语态
非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)，即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。
非谓语动词的时态和语态一览表
|
类别 |
时态形式 |
语态形式 |
|
|
主动 |
被动 |
||
|
动词不定式 |
一般式 |
to do |
to be done |
|
进行式 |
to be doing |
— |
|
|
完成式 |
to have done |
to have been done |
|
|
动词ing形式(动名词、现在分词) |
一般式 |
doing |
being done |
|
完成式 |
having done |
having been done |
|
|
过去分词 |
done。注意：及物动词的过去分词既表示被动，又表示完成；个别的过去分词(多数是不及物动词)并不表示被动的意思，只有完成的含义 |
1.主、被动形式
非谓语动词与逻辑主语(通常是句子的主语)之间存在主谓、动宾关系。与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时，用主动形式；与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系时， 用被动形式。
The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.
明天举行的会议非常重要。
2．时间先后关系
根据非谓语动词与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系确定时态：
(1)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生， 用非谓语动词的一般式；
I heard him singing a beautiful song in the room.
我听见他在房间里正在唱一首优美的歌曲。
(2)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前， 用非谓语动词的完成式。
Having finished his homework, he went to bed.
他完成作业之后就去睡觉了。
考点二 非谓语动词作状语
非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。
1．现在分词作状语
现在分词作状语，常表示原因、伴随、时间、结果等，与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
Lying still in the grass，waiting，he heard the sounds of nature.
他静静地躺在草丛里，等待着，倾听自然之声。
He came running into the room.
他跑进屋来。
2．过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语，分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
Defeated，they withdrew into the valley.
他们被打败了，退回到山谷中。
[名师指津] 部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态。常见的词和短语有：located，seated，hidden，lost/absorbed/buried in，dressed in，tired of，faced with。
Tired of keeping up with her sister，Kelly was ready to carve her own path.
凯丽厌倦了总是跟着姐姐的步伐，准备开辟自己的道路。
3．不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语，意为“为了；以便”。
To enjoy a grander sight，you must climb to a greater height.
欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。
(2)作结果状语，常用于only to do结构中。
Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find it didn’t fit.
她焦急地从包裹里拿出那件衣服试穿，却发现它不合身。
[名师指津] 动词不定式作结果状语时，常表示意想不到的结果；而现在分词作结果状语时，常表示自然而然的结果。
The big fire lasted for hours, destroying the entire building.
大火持续了几个小时，摧毁了整栋大楼。
(3)作原因状语，常用于“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。这类形容词有：happy，lucky，glad，sorry，anxious，proud，disappointed，desperate，angry，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，foolish，pleased，fortunate, right, sad等。
They were very sad to hear the news.
他们听到这条新闻非常伤心。
[名师指津] 在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中，当句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的被动关系时，不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义，且不定式中的动词必须是及物动词，若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。
The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to sit on．
这把椅子看上去很硬，但实际上坐上去很舒服。
4．独立主格结构
独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。该结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随等。常用结构如下：
名词/代词（主格）＋非谓语动词名词/代词（主格）＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语)
The moon rose elegantly from the valley, the whole mountain bathing itself in mysterious moonlight.
月亮从山谷中优雅地升起，整座山都沐浴在神秘的月光中。
He was listening attentively in class，his eyes fixed on the blackboard．
他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
——单句语法填空
1．(2024·河南郑州模拟)The GPT models built by OpenAI combined Transformer with unsupervised learning, meaning (mean) that the models can learn by themselves without being told what to look at.
2．(2024·广东韶关模拟)But the waiter caught a glimpse of the imperial gown (黄袍)underneath and rushed to tell (tell) the chef with shock.
3．(2024·河南开封模拟)Known (know) as FRB121102, it was first discovered in 2012 and found to repeat in 2015.
4．(2023·全国乙卷) Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing (do) much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home.
5．(2023·全国乙卷) She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving (serve) overseas.
考点三 非谓语动词作定语
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