纳瓦尔:AI是自学神器;学习的手段已经极大丰富,稀缺的反而是学习的欲望

『 纳瓦尔：记得谷歌刚出来那会儿，我经常在朋友圈里用它帮人查东西。别人问我一些问题，我就去谷歌一下，结果我看起来像个天才。

Naval: I remember early on when Google first came out, I used to use it a lot in my social circle. People would ask me basic questions and I would just go Google it for them and look like a genius.

后来出现了一个搞笑的网站，叫 LMGTFY.com，意思是“让我帮你搜一下”。你输入问题，它会生成一个短视频，展示你是怎么在谷歌上搜索并得到结果的。我觉得现在的 AI 也处于类似阶段：在社交场合，大家争论不休的问题，其实用 AI 一查就能解决。

Eventually this hilarious website came along, something like LMGTFY.com, and it stood for, “Let Me Google That For You.” Somebody would ask you a question, and you’d go type the question into this website, and it would create like a tiny little inline video showing you typing that question into Google and giving the Google results. And I feel like AI is in a similar domain right now, where I will sit around in a social context and people will be debating some point that can be easily looked up by AI.

不过用 AI 确实要非常小心。它们有”幻觉”，训练的数据里也有偏见。大多数 AI 极其“政治正确”，被设定为不站队或只站特定立场。

Now you do have to be very careful with AI. They do hallucinate. They do have biases in how they’re trained. Most of them are extremely politically correct and taught not to take sides or only take a particular side.

实际上，我几乎会把我所有的提问都同时通过四个 AI 跑一遍，然后互相交叉验证、核对事实。

I actually run most of my queries—almost all actually—through four AIs and I’ll always fact-check them against each other.

即便如此，我还是能感觉到它们有时在胡扯，或者只是在说政治正确的废话。我会追问底层数据或证据，有些情况下我会直接不予采信，因为我了解训练它们的人承受的压力和训练集是什么样的。

And even then I have my own sense of when they’re bullshitting, or when they’re saying something politically correct. And I’ll ask for the underlying data or the underlying evidence, and in some cases I’m fine with dismissing it outright because I know the pressures that the people who trained it were under and what the training sets were.

但总体而言，AI是个极好的进阶工具。在技术、科学和数学这些没有政治色彩的领域，AI 给出的答案非常靠谱，是学习的神器。

However, overall it is a great tool to just get ahead, and in domains that are technical, scientific, mathematical, that don’t have a political context to them, then the AI is very much likely to give you closer to a correct answer, and in those domains they are absolute beasts for learning.

我现在经常让 AI 帮我生成图表、数据图、曲线图、示意图、类比和插画。我会仔细看，然后说：“等等，这个问题我不懂。”

I will now have AI routinely generate graphs, figures, charts, diagrams, analogies, illustrations for me. I’ll go through them in detail and I’ll say, “Wait, I don’t understand that question.”

我可以问它超级基础的问题，确保自己在最简单、最底层的层面上理解了我想学的东西。我只想打好坚实的基础，不在乎那些晦涩难懂的行话，那些我以后随时可以查。

I can ask it super basic questions and I can really make sure that I understand the thing I’m trying to understand at its simplest, most fundamental level.I just want to establish a great foundation of the basics, and I don’t care about the overly complicated jargon-heavy stuff. I can always look that up later.

现在，有史以来第一次，没有什么知识是我无法理解的。任何数学书、物理书、难懂的概念或刚发表的论文，我都可以让 AI 拆解、再拆解、画图、打比方，直到我掌握精髓，达到我想要的理解程度。

But now, for the first time, nothing is beyond me. Any math textbook, any physics textbook, any difficult concept, any scientific principle, any paper that just came out, I can have the AI break it down, and then break it down again, and illustrate it, and analogize it until I get the gist, and I understand it at the level that I want.

所以它们是自学神器。学习的手段已经极大丰富，稀缺的反而是学习的欲望。

So these are incredible tools for self-directed learning. The means of learning are abundant. It’s the desire to learn that’s scarce.

而且现在的手段不仅更丰富，其实以前我们也有丰富的资源，更关键是它们能匹配你的水平。AI 能精准适应你现在的水位。如果你只有八年级词汇量、五年级数学水平，它就能用那个水平的语言跟你对话。你不会觉得自己像个笨蛋，只需稍微调教一下，它就能在你知识的边界上讲课。

But the means of learning have just gotten even more abundant. And more importantly than more abundant—because we had abundance before—it’s at the right level. AI can meet you at exactly the level that you are at. So if you have an eighth-grade vocabulary, but you have fifth-grade mathematics, it can talk to you at exactly that level. You will not feel like a dummy. You just have to tune it a little bit until it’s presenting you the concepts at the exact edge of your knowledge.

这样你既不会因为听不懂而感到愚蠢（这在很多课程、教材和老师身上常发生），也不会因为太简单而无聊。它能正好卡在那个点上：“噢，A 我懂，B 我也懂，但我一直没搞懂 A 和 B 是怎么连起来的。现在我看到了，所以我可以去学下一块拼图了。”

So rather than feeling stupid because it’s incomprehensible, which happens in a lot of lessons, in a lot of textbooks, and with a lot of teachers, or feeling bored because it’s too obvious, which also happens, instead, it can meet you exactly where you’re like, “Oh yeah, I understood A, and I understood B, but I never understood how A and B were connected together. Now I can see how they’re connected, so now I can go to the next piece.”

这种学习方式很神奇。你会不断经历那种“原来是这样”的时刻，各种知识点接连贯通。

That kind of learning is magical. You can have that aha moment where two things come together over and over again.』