【2026版高中步步高同步复习英语外研版选择性必修一学习笔记word培优讲义Unit 4 Section ⅣUsing

Ⅳ　Using language(1)—to -infinitive， –ing and–ed as predicative

阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分，并完成其后的题目

Jimmy and Mason were friends.Jimmy’s job was 1.working on the farm while Mason’s job was 2.serving as a manager in a big company.Jimmy’s work was very 3.interesting and he was very 4.relaxed and happy every day.He was 5.delighted to lead a peaceful life，though he had no money.However，though earning a lot of money，Mason was extremely 6.stressed every day.He was always 7.worried that someone was 8.to break into his house and steal his money.He was 9.tired of his life.How he envied Jimmy! 

[自主发现]

以上语段中的黑体部分均在句中作表语，其中1,2和3是动词 -ing形式在句中作表语；4,5,6,7和9是过去分词在句中作表语；句8是动词不定式在句中作表语。

动词不定式、动词 -ing形式和动词 -ed形式作表语

一、动词不定式作表语

1．动词不定式作表语往往表示具体的、一次性的、将要发生的动作。其主语常常是wish，idea，task，purpose，duty，job，goal，aim，way等表示意向、打算、计划的词及what 引导的主语从句等。

Her wish is to become a key college student after graduating from high school.

她的愿望是高中毕业后成为一名名校大学生。

His plan is to set up another calligraphy association in the community.

他的计划是在社区再创办一个书法协会。

What strikes me most is to see him always busy.让我印象最深刻的是看见他总是很忙。

2．动词不定式作表语也常表示预定要发生的动作，或表示未来的可能性或假设。

The new technology is to bring about great changes to human life.

新技术注定会给人类生活带来巨大的变化。

The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow.明天学生们将在学校大门口见面。

二、动词 -ing形式作表语

1．动词 -ing形式作表语用来说明主语的内容，表示主语的某种性质或状态。

当与主语是同一概念的时候，主语和表语位置可以互换。

The influence of computer games is worrying.电脑游戏的影响令人担忧。

What I hate most is being laughed at.我最讨厌的就是被别人嘲笑。(＝Being laughed at is what I hate most.)

2．动词不定式作表语和动词 -ing形式作表语的区别

动词不定式作表语强调的是一次性、具体的、将要发生的动作；而动词 -ing形式作表语强调的是一般性、抽象的、经常发生的动作。

The next step is to set the machine in motion.下一步是开动这台机器。

The aim of the activity is to promote people’s awareness of environmental protection.

该活动的目的是提高人们的环保意识。

My favorite part was seeing the grizzly bear in the mountain.

我最喜欢的一段旅程就是在山里看到灰熊。

The old man’s job is painting the walls.

这位老人的工作是粉刷墙。

注意　这种区别并不是绝对的。例外的情况也不少，有时可以互用。

三、动词 -ed形式作表语

1．动词 -ed形式作表语通常用来描述情景、叙述人或物的特征以及所处的状态。

The moment the star stepped on the stage，all the fans were very excited.

当这位明星登上舞台的那一刻，所有的歌迷都非常兴奋。

It is obvious that the boy is interested in this machine.显然，这个男孩对这台机器感兴趣。

2．现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别

现在分词和过去分词都可以作表语，现在分词作表语说明主语的特征；过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。作表语的过去分词也几乎已经形容词化，可以被副词修饰。这类过去分词常见的有 amazed，amused，astonished，bored，broken，closed，delighted，devoted，exhausted等。

The dog was so frightening that the little girl burst into tears.这条狗太可怕了，小女孩哭了。

Hearing the sudden shot，my dog was extremely frightened.听到突如其来的枪声，我的狗吓坏了。

He was astonished to see the unexpected scene.看到这意想不到的情景，他大吃一惊。

3．过去分词作表语和过去分词用于被动语态的区别

过去分词作表语说明主语所处的状态，不仅可以位于系动词be之后，还可根据需要用于其他系动词之后；过去分词用于被动语态说明主语所承受的动作，只能与助动词be(有时可能是get)构成被动结构，不宜用于其他动词之后。

To my sadness，my favorite cup was broken.令我悲伤的是，我最喜欢的杯子坏了。

To my sadness，my favorite cup was broken by Lucy.

令我悲伤的是，我最喜欢的杯子被露西打碎了。

Ⅰ.完成句子(用不定式、 -ing形式或者 -ed形式作表语)

1．His daily work is cleaning_the_library_and_arranging_various_books.他的日常工作是打扫图书馆，整理各种书籍。

2．His recent plan was to_bring_down_the_price and increase the sales.

他最近的计划是降低价格，增加销售量。

3．The lecture was_so_boring that many people felt_bored and left the hall.

那个讲座太乏味，很多人都感到无聊并离开了大厅。

4．I could tell from his face that he was_satisfied_with_what_I_had_done.

我从他脸上可以看出，他对我做的很满意。

5．The development of our aviation industry is_quite_encouraging.

我们的航空工业的发展是非常令人鼓舞的。

Ⅱ.阅读下面短文，用动词的正确形式填空

Lucy and Susan were close friends，neither of whom knew what was 1.to_influence(influence) their future life then.Later，Lucy went to a big city，for her dream was 2.to_become(become) a famous artist.She worked so hard all day that she finally reached her goal.Even so，she wasn’t 3.satisfied(satisfy) with her life.She often complained that her life was 4.depressing(depress)．Susan chose to stay in the countryside.Her job was 5.working(work) on a farm.She was 6.delighted(delight) to see the lovely trees and flowers every day.By contrast，she was more 7.relaxed(relax) most of the time.Her new plan was 8.to_set(set) up another farm，for she wanted to offer some jobs to the women in the village.

训练5　Using language(A)

分值：55分

Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分)

1．She told me that she had decided not to get married(marry)．

2．She didn’t know this accident was to change(change) her whole life.

3．Do you know the old man who remains seated(seat) at the back door?

4．I didn’t know why my best friend was so confused(confuse) by this simple tale.

5．It is exciting(excite) that our monitor has won the English speech competition.

6．The aim of the talent show is to enrich(enrich) students’ extra-curricular activities.

7．The power supply was cut off suddenly last night，which was surprising(surprise)．

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