ARTICLE · 1007554
【收藏必备】高中英语语法——“to”的用法指南
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01
介词to的核心用法
1. 方向；目的地
表示“向、朝、往、到”。
I walked to the office. 我朝办公室走去。
He’s going to Paris. 他要去巴黎。
my first visit to Africa 我对非洲的第一次访问
He pointed to something on the opposite bank. 他指向对岸的某样东西。
2. 方位；位于某一方向
Place the cursor to the left of the first word. 把光标放在第一个单词左边。
There are mountains to the north. 北面有山。
3. 到达（范围、程度、状态）
表示“到、达”某种程度或结果。
The meadows lead down to the river. 牧场一直延伸到河边。
Her hair fell to her waist. 她的头发垂到腰部。
The vegetables were cooked to perfection. 蔬菜煮得恰到好处。
He tore the letter to pieces. 他把信撕成碎片。
The letter reduced her to tears. 那封信使她落泪。
His expression changed from amazement to joy. 他的表情由惊变喜。
4. 时间或范围的终点；相差
a drop in profits from $105 million to around $75 million 利润从1.05亿降到约7500万
I’d say he was 25 to 30 years old. 我猜他25到30岁。
We only work from Monday to Friday. 我们只在周一到周五上班。
It’s five to ten. 现在是十点差五分。
How long is it to lunch? 离午饭还有多久？
5. 动作的接受者；对象
表示“给、予、向”。
He gave it to his sister. 他把它给了他妹妹。
I’ll explain to you where everything goes. 我会向你解释一切。
I am deeply grateful to my parents. 我非常感激父母。
Who did she address the letter to? 她写信给谁？
6. 关系；归属；关于
She’s married to an Italian. 她嫁给了一个意大利人。
the Japanese ambassador to France 日本驻法大使
the key to the door 门钥匙
the solution to this problem 这个问题的解决办法
She is devoted to her family. 她深爱她的家庭。
What have you done to your hair? 你对你头发做了什么？
7. 连接；附着
Attach this rope to the front of the car. 把绳子系在车头。
8. 比较；比率
I prefer walking to climbing. 比起爬山，我更喜欢散步。
We won by six goals to three. 我们以6比3获胜。
The industry today is nothing to what it once was. 这一行业今非昔比。
9. 数量；单位
There are 2.54 centimeters to an inch. 1英寸等于2.54厘米。
This car does 30 miles to the gallon. 这车每加仑跑30英里。
10. 伴随；随着
He left the stage to prolonged applause. 他在经久不息的掌声中退场。
11. 态度；情感；结果
To her astonishment, he smiled. 令她惊讶的是，他笑了。
His music isn’t really to my taste. 他的音乐不太合我的口味。
It sounded like crying to me. 在我听来像哭。
12. 目的；给予（用于动作动词后）
People rushed to her rescue. 人们冲过去救她。
13. 表示敬意
a monument to the soldiers who died in the war 阵亡将士纪念碑
Let’s drink to Julia and her new job. 为朱莉娅和她的新工作干杯。
02
不定式标记to的用法
1. 表示目的或意图
I set out to buy food. 我动身去买食物。
His aim was to become president. 他的目标是当总统。
To be honest with you, I don’t remember what he said. 老实说，我不记得他说了什么。
2. 表示结果
She managed to escape. 她设法逃走了。
It was too hot to go out. 天太热，不能出去。
He couldn’t get close enough to see. 他没法靠近看清楚。
3. 表示原因（常用于形容词后）
I’m sorry to hear that. 听到这事我很难过。
4. 用于某些动词后，表示想做或建议做的事
I’d love to go to France this summer. 今年夏天我想去法国。
The leaflet explains how to apply. 小册子介绍如何申请。
I don’t know what to say. 我不知道说什么。
5. be + to do 表示义务、安排、命令
You are not to talk during the exam. 考试期间不许说话。
She was to be here at 8:30 but didn’t arrive. 她应该在8:30到，但没来。
6. 主语 + be said/known/reported + to do
The house was said to be haunted. 据说这房子闹鬼。
7. only to 表示意想不到的结果
I reached the station only to find that my train had already left. 我赶到车站却发现火车已开走。
8. 省略动词的情况
He asked her to come but she said she didn’t want to. 他让她来，但她说不想来。
03
副词to的用法
Push the door to. 把门关上。
She rocked the baby to and fro. 她来回摇晃婴儿。
04
固定搭配及特别提醒：介词 to + doing
以下短语中的 to 是介词，后面接名词、代词或动名词（doing），不能接动词原形：
1. look forward to 期待
look forward to hearing from you
2. be/get used to 习惯于
be used to getting up early
3. object to 反对
object to smoking
4. stick to 坚持
stick to doing exercise
5. devote ... to 致力于
devote oneself to helping others
6. contribute to 有助于；导致
contribute to improving the environment
7. adapt to 适应
adapt to living alone
8. due to / owing to / thanks to 由于；多亏
due to being ill
9. according to 根据
according to the report
10. up to 取决于；多达
up to you
其他常见“动词+介词 to”结构，后接名词或动名词：refer to, lead to, listen to, reply to, respond to, belong to, turn to, stick to, add to等。
05
易混点辨析
1. 介词to后接名词/代词/动名词，表示方向、对象、程度等。
I look forward to the meeting.
I am used to getting up early.
2. 不定式to后接动词原形，表示目的、结果、原因等。
I want to go home.
She was happy to see me.
判断技巧：
如果to后面能接名词或动名词，且意思通顺，那么该to是介词；如果只能接动词原形，则为不定式标记。重点记忆常见介词to短语，如look forward to, be used to, object to, stick to, devote ... to等。
