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代词|高中英语最"小"的词,却是最容易丢的分
代词|高中英语最"小"的词,却是最容易丢的分
导语
先看一句学生作文里的高频错句:
❌ Can you keep this between you and I?
这句话里没有生僻词,时态也对,但代词用错了格,语法分照扣。
代词是英语里最早学的一类词,小学就学,初中还在学,到了高中——它出现在每一个句子里。完形填空考它,语法填空考它,短文改错考它,作文更是句句离不开它。
它不难,难的是细节。今天把代词一次讲透。
一、先建立地图:代词有 7 类
七类里,真正拉分的是人称代词、不定代词、指示代词这三块。下面 10 个易错点,全在这里。
二、10 个高频易错点
1. 主格还是宾格?一条规则解决
规则:作主语用主格,作动词或介词的宾语用宾格。
| She | ||
两个必须记住的改错:
❌ between you and I → ✅ between you and me(介词后) ❌ Let you and I go. → ✅ Let you and me go.(Let 的宾语)
小技巧:把 "you and I/me" 拆开单独念一遍——"between I" 显然不通,所以必须用 me。
2. it 的五种用法(这是高考最爱考的一个词)
| It | |
| It | |
| It |
注意: - it 一般不指人,除非指身份不明的人:Who is it? — It's me. - It is no use / no good / useless + doing(不是 to do)。
3. one / ones / it / that / those ——最高频考点
这四个替代词的区别,几乎每年都在各类题型里出现。
| one / ones | ||
| it | ||
| that | ||
| those |
一句话记:
one 是"另一个同类的",it 是"同一个",that / those 是"那一类的那一个(些)"。
易错对照: - The population of China is much larger than that of Japan.(不可数,用 that) - The books on this shelf are newer than those on that shelf.(复数,用 those) - ❌ I don't like this shirt. Show me that one. → 这里 "that one" 是可以的,指另一个同类。注意 one 前可加 this/that。
4. another / the other / other / others / the others
| another | ||
| the other | ||
| other | ||
| others | ||
| the others |
三道经典题,自测一下:
I have two brothers. One is a teacher, and ______ is a doctor. → the other(两者中的另一个)
Some students like sports, while ______ prefer reading. → others(泛指另一部分人)
There are 45 students in our class. 20 are boys, and ______ are girls. → the others(剩下的全部,特指)
速记口诀:
两者剩一个 → the other 多者再一个 → another 空后有名 → other 空后无名、泛指 → others 空后无名、特指全部 → the others
5. 不定代词作主语,谓语用单数还是复数?
例句: - Each of the students has a dictionary. - Neither of the answers is correct. - Both of them are good at English. - All of the water is polluted.(不可数 → 单数) - All of the students are here.(可数复数 → 复数)
一个容易忽略的点:none of + 复数名词,正式书面语用单数(None of them is…),口语中也可用复数。高考语法填空更倾向单数。
6. 部分否定 vs 全部否定——中国学生最容易搞反
核心规则:
- all / both / every / always + not = 部分否定
("并非全部……") - 要表达"全都不",必须换词
:none / neither / no one / never / nothing
对比:
| All | |
| Both | |
| None | |
| Neither |
记住这句话就够了:
想说"全部否定",就不要用 all / both / every,直接换成 none / neither / no one。
7. 反身代词:这些搭配必须背下来
固定搭配(写出这些搭配,作文立刻加分):
by oneself 独自地 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 help oneself to 随便吃…… make oneself at home 别拘束 dress oneself 自己穿衣服 teach oneself 自学 lose oneself in 沉浸于……中 devote oneself to 致力于…… seat oneself 坐下 come to oneself 苏醒过来 be / feel not oneself 身体不适
两条语法规则:
- 反身代词不能单独作主语。
❌ Myself will do it. → ✅ I myself will do it. - 反身代词可作同位语,加强语气。
The manager himself answered the phone.(经理亲自接了电话)
8. 双重所有格:a friend of mine
结构: a / an / this / that / some / any + 名词 + of + 名词性物主代词 或 名词所有格
一个必须记住的限制: of 后面接人的所有格或名词性物主代词,不能接"物"。
❌ a leg of the table's → ✅ a leg of the table
9. it 与 that 指代"前文内容"的区别
| it | |
| that |
He failed again. That's why he was so sad.(that = 他又失败了这件事) I lost my key yesterday, and it still hasn't been found.(it = 那串钥匙)
10. so / not 替代上文内容
so 和 not 可以代替前面提到过的内容,避免重复,常用于口语和写作中的简短回答:
I think so. / I don't think so. / I hope not. / I'm afraid not. 可这样用的动词:think, believe, suppose, guess, hope, expect, be afraid
附带一个高频考点:否定转移
❌ I think he isn't right. → ✅ I don't think he is right. think / believe / suppose / expect 后接否定从句时,否定要前移到主句。
三、高考风格演练(4 题)
1. — Which of the two novels do you prefer? — ______ of them is interesting, I'm afraid. A. Both B. Neither C. All D. None
答案:B 解析:I'm afraid 表明态度是否定的;两者之间用 neither,绝不能用 none(none 用于三者及以上)。B 项后接 is,也符合单数要求。
2. The weather in Shenzhen is much warmer than ______ in Harbin in winter. A. it B. that C. one D. this
答案:B 解析:weather 是不可数名词,且后面带 in Harbin 这个定语,用 that 替代,不能用 it(it 指同一件事物)或 one(one 只替代可数名词)。
3. The students in our school work much harder than ______ in theirs. A. that B. those C. these D. one
答案:B 解析:替代 the students(可数名词复数),用 those。
4. 短文改错: Can you tell me how to deal with the problem between you and I?
答案:I → me 解析:between 是介词,后面接宾格。
四、随堂练习(5 题)
1. — Have you got a bike? — Yes, I have ______. A. it B. one C. that D. this
2. — Would you like ______ cup of tea? A. another B. other C. the other D. others
3. ______ of the two roads leads to the village, so we have to ask for help. A. Both B. Neither C. All D. None
4. — I've never been to London. — ______. A. Neither have I B. So have I C. So do I D. Neither I have
5. 短文改错:Everyone in the class have finished their homework.
参考答案
- B
。one 替代同类事物中的"某一辆",不是同一辆自行车(同一辆用 it)。 - A
。another + 单数名词,表示"再来一杯"。 - B
。两条路,且后文说要问路 → 两条都不通,用 Neither。 - A
。neither 引导倒装,"我也没去过"。 - have → has
。everyone 是单数,谓语用单数。
五、一句话总结
代词不难,难在细节。三条铁律背下来:
- 主语用主格,宾语用宾格,介词后一定是宾格。
- one 替同类,it 替同一个,that / those 替"带定语的那一类"。
- all / both / every + not 是部分否定,想要全部否定就换 none / neither / no one。
下期预告: 介词——那些年背过又忘掉的搭配,"in the morning" 和 "on Monday morning" 到底差在哪。
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