【高中英语这样学】【回归课本】外研社|选修二|Unit 2: Improving yourself|语法&口语和写作

学习重点

Ø词汇学习 【高中英语这样学】【回归课本】外研社｜选修二｜Unit 2: Improving yourself｜词汇学习

Ø语法：Past perfect passive

Ø口语&写作：Write a reflection & Share your understanding of a quote

语法：过去完成时的被动语态 Past perfect passive

✅ 核心结构：had been + 过去分词

主动：had done

被动：had been done

✨含义：过去的某个动作之前，就已经被完成了（过去的过去，被动）

✅ 时态时间轴

A动作（更早，过去的过去，被动，had been done） → B动作（过去，一般过去时）

B是过去发生的一件事；A发生在B之前，并且A是被动 → 用过去完成被动

✅ 4种时态被动对比（高中易混）

1.一般过去被动：was/were done （过去被…）

2.过去完成被动：had been done（过去之前就已经被…）⭐本课重点

3.现在完成被动：have/has been done（到现在为止已经被…）

4.将来进行被动：will be done（将来会被…）

✨标志性时间提示词（看到优先考虑过去完成时）

by + 过去时间；before + 过去动作；at the start of …（在…活动开始的时候）

课本句子解析

a. At the start of the detox, over 100 students had been persuaded to stop using social media.

戒断活动开始的时候，100多名学生已经被说服停用社交媒体。（过去完成被动）

b. At the start of the detox, people had persuaded over 100 students to stop using social media.

戒断活动开始的时候，人们已经说服了100多名学生停用社交媒体。（过去完成主动）

Jack’s blog

Before I turned over a new leaf, I had always been a very lazy student. I was careless about handing in my homework, and none of my assignment deadlines ¹ had been met. Indeed, I would deliberately “lose” my homework in my incredibly messy room, so that I could put off ² doing it! My parents soon worked out this trick, though, and one day I came home to find that my room ³ had been cleaned, and my homework ⁴ had been put right in the centre of a spotlessly clean desk! A present ⁵ had been left on the desk, too (I think Mum did that): a book called The Art of Procrastination.

The author, John Perry, said that procrastination was about ⁶ avoiding the hardest and most important tasks. So, ⁷ to make sure you do your homework, put it second or third on your to‑do list, not at the top. Then put one or two really hard things you don’t want to do at the top of the list. You will procrastinate to avoid the hard stuff – by doing your homework!

📌解析

1.had been met 过去完成被动：截止过去，没有一个作业截止日期被赶上（meet deadlines 赶截止日期，被动：截止日期被达成）

2.doing 固定搭配 put off doing sth. 推迟做某事（off介词后面+doing）

3.had been cleaned 房间已经被打扫（我回家这个过去动作之前，房间就打扫好了，被动）

4.had been put 作业已经被放置（作业是被人放到桌上，过去完成被动）

5.had been left 一份礼物已经被留在桌上（礼物被留下，过去完成被动）

6.avoiding 介词about后面 + doing

7.to make 不定式表目的：为了确保你完成作业

翻译

在改过自新之前，我一直是一名非常懒惰的学生。我对上交作业毫不上心，没有一项作业的截止日期能够赶上。我还会故意把作业“弄丢”在乱糟糟的房间里，以此拖延写作业！但我的父母很快识破了这个小把戏。有一天我回到家，发现房间已经被打扫干净，我的作业已经被放在一尘不染的书桌正中央。桌上还放着一份礼物（我猜是妈妈放的）：一本叫《拖延心理学》的书。

作者John Perry说，拖延本质上是在逃避最难、最重要的任务。所以，为了确保你写完作业，把作业放在待办清单的第二条或者第三条，不要放在第一条。把一两件你不想做的难题放在清单最上方。你就会为了逃避难题，转而写作业！

造句练习

到昨天早上，杰克的房间已经被收拾好了。

两周前房间一团糟，到处散落杂物。

到昨天早上，所有垃圾都已经被清理，床铺也铺好了。

By yesterday morning, Jack’s room had been tidied up.

Two weeks ago, his room was a mess. Lots of things had been left everywhere.

By yesterday morning, all the rubbish had been cleared away. His bed had been made.

📝 小自测

1.He told me that the project ____________ (finish) two weeks before.

2.When I got to the cinema, all the tickets ____________ (sell) out.

答案 1. had been finished 2. had been sold 

口语&写作：Write a reflection & Share your understanding of a quote

📖 Writing a reflection（读后感/反思文）

✅ 文体：reflection 反思文 

三段式结构：故事概括 + 个人感悟 + 总结结论

The Nail and the Fence

There once was a little boy who had a bad temper. His father gave him a bag of nails and told him that every time he lost his temper, he must hammer a nail into the back of the fence.

The first day, the boy hammered so many nails into the fence that his father had to give him a whole new bag. Over the next few weeks, as he learnt to control his anger, he hammered fewer and fewer nails into the fence each day. He had learnt that it was easier to hold his temper than to hammer nails into the fence. Finally, the day came when the boy didn’t lose his temper all day, not even once. He told his father, who said that now the boy should pull out one nail for each day that he was able to hold his temper.

The days passed by and the boy was finally able to tell his father that all the nails were gone. The father took his son and led him to the fence. He said, “You’ve done well, son, but look at all the holes in the fence! That fence will never be the same. When you say something in anger, it leaves a hole in someone’s heart, just like your nails have left holes in the fence. It doesn’t matter how many times you say sorry. The hole is still there.”

中文译文

从前，有一个小男孩脾气很差。他的父亲给了他一袋钉子，告诉他每次发脾气的时候，就必须在栅栏的背面钉一颗钉子。

第一天，男孩钉了非常多的钉子，父亲不得不重新给他一整袋钉子。在接下来的几周里，随着他学会控制怒火，他每天钉进栅栏的钉子越来越少。他明白了克制脾气要比钉钉子更容易。终于有一天，男孩一整天都没有发一次脾气。他告诉了父亲，父亲说，现在只要他能忍住不发火，每坚持一天就可以拔出一颗钉子。

日子一天天过去，男孩终于告诉父亲，所有钉子都拔完了。父亲带着儿子走到栅栏前，说道：“儿子，你做得很好，但是看看栅栏上这些洞！栅栏再也回不到从前的样子了。当你盛怒之下说出伤人的话，就会在别人心上留下伤口，就像钉子在栅栏上留下孔洞。无论你多少次说对不起，伤口依然存在。”

✍️ Reflection 范文

Reflection on The Nail and the Fence

This story tells us about a little boy who gradually learned to control his bad temper. His father asked him to hammer a nail into the fence each time he got angry. As time went by, the boy could hold his temper and pulled all nails out. Still, holes were left on the fence. It teaches us that angry words bring lasting hurt to others.

The story makes me think about my own life. Sometimes I lose my temper and say impolite words to my parents or classmates. Even if I apologise later, the unpleasant feeling may stay with them for a long time. It is easy to let anger get the better of us, but it takes great courage to keep calm. True self‑management means we can control our feelings instead of being controlled by them.

In conclusion, we should learn anger management. Before we shout or say hurtful things, we should pause and think. We should value our relationships and use gentle words, because no one can fully repair the harm caused by anger.

📌 好词好句摘抄

- lose one’s temper 发脾气

- control / hold one’s temper 克制脾气

- lasting wounds 长久的伤痕

- let anger get the better of us 被怒火支配

- think twice before we speak 三思而后言

🗣️ 名言赏析 

a. The superior man must be watchful over himself when he is alone. — Zengzi 君子必慎其独也。 A noble person still keeps good behaviour and self‑discipline even when no one is watching. 

品德高尚之人，在独处无人监督的时候，依旧严格约束自己。（慎独）

b. Procrastination is like a credit card: it’s a lot of fun until you get the bill. — Christopher Parker Putting things off seems enjoyable at first, but finally you will pay for the bad result. 

拖延就像信用卡，透支的时候很快乐，等到账单到来就要付出代价。

c. No man is free who is not master of himself. — Epictetus 

Only those who can control themselves are truly free. If you cannot rule your own behaviour, you are not free. 

不能掌控自我的人，谈不上真正的自由。

d. Change your thoughts, and you change your world. — Norman Vincent Peale 

Our mindset shapes our life. If we change our way of thinking, our whole world will change accordingly. 

思想一变，世界随之改变。心态决定生活。

e. Don’t say you don’t have enough time. You have exactly the same number of hours per day that were given to Helen Keller, Pasteur, Michelangelo… — H. Jackson Brown Jr 

Everyone has the same 24 hours a day. Great people achieve success by making good use of time, not by having more hours. 

不要抱怨时间不够，每个人一天都拥有24小时，伟人的成就来自高效利用时间。 

✅名言解析范文（选 quote c） 

Good morning everyone. Today I’d like to share a quote from Epictetus: “No man is free who is not master of himself.”

Its main idea is that self‑control is the foundation of true freedom. Many people think freedom means doing whatever they want. Actually, if we are ruled by laziness or bad habits, we become their slaves.

For example, top students do not play games all day. They manage their time well. By controlling themselves, they get the freedom to choose their future.

From my point of view, self‑management helps us become stronger. Thank you.

📚 配套自测题

英译中

1.lose one’s temper

2.lasting wound

3.self‑discipline

4.procrastination

中译英

1.三思而后言

2.掌控情绪

3.真正的自由

答案

英译中：1.发脾气 2.长久的伤痕 3.自律 4.拖延

中译英：1. think twice before you speak 2. control one’s emotions 3. true freedom