【高中英语这样学】【回归课本】外研社|选修三|Unit 1: Face values|语法&口语和写作

学习重点

Ø词汇学习 【高中英语这样学】【回归课本】外研社｜选修三｜Unit 1: Face values｜词汇学习

Ø语法：Subject clauses

Ø口语&写作：Write about a literary work & Recommend ‘the most beautiful person you know’

语法：Subject clauses 主语从句

✅ 核心语法：主语从句（在句子中充当主语的从句）

一、主语从句基础知识

✔ 定义

一个从句放在主句主语的位置，叫作主语从句。

引导词：that, what, who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, how, whether

✔ 两大句型

1.引导词直接放句首作主语

What he said  is true. 他所说的是真的。

👉 What 引导主语从句，在从句内部充当成分（said 的宾语）

2.it 作形式主语（高考最高频）

It is true that inner beauty is very important. 

= That inner beauty is very important is true.

👉 为避免句子头重脚轻，常用 It + be + adj./n. + that从句，it只是形式主语，真正主语是后面that从句

💡考点：that引导主语从句，只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，不能省略！

what引导主语从句，在从句一定要充当成分（主语/宾语/表语），含义：……所……的

✔ 课本原句精讲

a. what I say is that my pictures aren't hurting anyone, so who cares?

✅ what I say 是主语从句；what 在从句中作say的宾语，含义：我所说的话

译文：我想说的是，我的照片没有伤害任何人，谁又在乎呢？

b. That my pictures aren't hurting anyone is what I say, so who cares?

👉 that引导主语从句放句首，句式笨重，书面很少这样写

c. It's true that inner beauty is very important.

✅ It 是形式主语，真正主语：that inner beauty is very important

译文：内在美非常重要，这是事实。

d. That inner beauty is very important is true.

👉 句首that主语从句，头重脚轻，不常用

课本阅读

It is a well-known fact that the faces some people show to the world might be completely different to their real personalities.

From this, it's impossible to know what their true feelings are.

How others are feeling is not something that we should make assumptions about.

What is certain is that comedians often use comedy to help them understand themselves and the world.

✅ 翻译：

一个众所周知的事实是：有些人展示给外界的面孔可能和真实性格完全不同。

由此，我们不可能知道他们真实的感受是什么。

别人感受如何，不是我们可以随意臆断的事情。

可以肯定的是，喜剧演员常常借助喜剧去认识自我和世界。

💡重点区分：

that 在主语从句不作成分，无实际含义；

what 在从句充当主语/宾语，含义：……的事/物；

how 在从句充当方式状语：如何，怎样

介绍马旭 Ma Xu（要求：3～4个主语从句）

✨马旭人物素材1

Ma Xu became a military doctor in 1947. She applied to become a paratrooper in 1961. At first her application failed, for there were no women paratroopers then. She trained secretly and finally proved herself. She is China’s first female paratrooper. She finished over 140 jumps in 20 years. At age 51, she set a national record for the oldest female paratrooper. In 2018 she donated all her savings to support local education and public welfare in her hometown.

✅参考范文

Introduction to Ma Xu

What impresses people most about Ma Xu is her amazing courage and perseverance.

That she became China’s first female paratrooper was unbelievable at that time.

What makes her even more admirable is that she completed more than 140 parachute jumps in twenty years.

What moves many people deeply is that she donated all her life savings to help the education in her hometown.

Ma Xu is a great role model for all of us.

👉 标出文中主语从句：

1.What impresses people most about Ma Xu

2.That she became China’s first female paratrooper

3.What makes her even more admirable

4.What moves many people deeply

📌写作小技巧

✅ What impresses us most is that…  令我们印象最深的是……（考场高分句型）

✅ It is a fact that …  ……是一个事实（形式主语句型）

✅ What is certain is that …  可以肯定的是……

✨拓展任务：介绍另一位名人 例句参考（袁隆平）

What makes Yuan Longping a great scientist is his devotion to rice research.

That he helped feed millions of people is known all over the world.

What we should learn from him is his spirit of never stopping exploration.

📝 语法专项练习（主语从句）

一、选词填空 that / what / how / whether

1.__________ he will come to the meeting is still unknown.

2.__________ surprised us most was that he spoke fluent English.

3.It is a fact __________ China has made great progress in space exploration.

4.__________ we can protect the environment well depends on everyone’s effort.

二、句型转换（改为it作形式主语）

1.That he passed the exam made his parents very happy.

→ ________________________________________________

2.What he has done is of great value.（本句不能改成it形式主语）

三、单句改错

1.That he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.

2.It is certain whether he will succeed in the competition.

✅练习答案

一

1.Whether

2.What

3.that

4.How

二

1.It made his parents very happy that he passed the exam.

三

1.That → What （他会上所说的话，what在从句作said宾语）

2.whether → that （It is certain that…固定句型）

📌主语从句高考核心考点总结

1.✅ what 在从句一定要充当成分；that不充当成分，不能省略

2.✅ it 作形式主语高频句型：It is + adj./n. + that从句

3.✅ whether 引导主语从句，表示“是否”，不能换成if放句首

4.❗区分定语从句和主语从句：主语从句整个从句做主句主语

口语&写作：Write about a literary work & Recommend ‘the most beautiful person you know’

✍️ Part 1 Writing about a literary work 文学作品写作

🔹精读 The Picture of Dorian Gray《道林·格雷的画像》Oscar Wilde

This book by Oscar Wilde tells the story of Dorian Gray, a very handsome young man who spends his life only concerned with his own pleasure, regardless of the suffering he brings to others.

The story starts with young Dorian having his portrait painted. His friend Lord Wotton talks about beauty and pleasure being the only important things in life. Fascinated by his beauty, Dorian wishes he could remain young and good‑looking forever, with his portrait growing old instead of him.

Soon afterwards, Dorian is surprised to find his wish has come true. After he meets Sybil, an innocent actress who falls in love with him, Dorian heartlessly rejects her just because she performs poorly on stage. When he learns that Sybil has killed herself, Dorian finds his face in the painting has taken on a cruel look.

He hides the painting away, so that no one else may see it. For the next 18 years, Dorian engages in various evil deeds. His portrait ages and reveals his inner wickedness. One day, he suddenly comes to be fearful of his past crimes and wants to start a new life. But his portrait remains the same and reminds him of everything he has done. Feeling desperate, he tries to destroy the portrait with a knife, but he is killed. His body is discovered, old and ugly, while his portrait is young and handsome once again. It is true that, what matters most to Dorian Gray is his good‑looking, not that he has a good heart. He sacrifices his true self in pursuit of physical beauty and pleasure, which leads to his destruction in the end.

✅思考题

1.What kind of person is Dorian Gray?

Dorian Gray is an extremely handsome young man. He is selfish and only chases physical beauty and pleasure. He ignores other people’s pain. He is eager to stay young forever but lacks kindness and moral values.

道林·格雷外表俊美，自私，一味追逐外在美貌与享乐，漠视他人痛苦，渴求永葆青春，却缺少善良与道德。

2.What message do you think the novel conveys?

True beauty lies in one’s inner heart rather than physical appearance. If a person only cares about outer beauty and pleasure and abandons morality, he will end up destroying himself.

真正的美在于内心而非外表。人如果只追逐外在美貌、享乐而抛弃道德，终将自我毁灭。

📚写作任务：介绍一部文学作品（示例《巴黎圣母院》The Hunchback of Notre‑Dame）

模板

- General introduction：

The Hunchback of Notre‑Dame is a famous novel written by Victor Hugo. It explores the sharp contrast between beautiful appearance and ugly soul, and ugly appearance and noble heart.

- Plot：

Quasimodo, the hunchback bell‑ringer of Notre‑Dame, has an ugly face but a kind heart. He falls in love with the kind‑hearted girl Esmeralda. The handsome priest, Frollo, looks respectable but is cruel and evil. The story ends with tragedy.

- Central theme(s)：

Outer appearance can be misleading. Inner goodness and noble personality are the real beauty. We should judge people by their heart, not their looks.

✅写作高分句型

1.…is a famous novel written by… ……是由……写的著名小说

2.The story tells of… 故事讲述了……

3.The novel conveys the message that… 这本书传达的道理是……

4.There is a sharp contrast between …and … 在……和……之间存在强烈对比

5.What impresses readers most is that… 令读者印象最深的是……（本单元高分主语从句）

📖文学人物介绍

1.Monkey King

He is able to transform into various animals and objects. People often regard him as frightful or monstrous, but in fact he is just and righteous. When there’s danger, he never hesitates to protect others.

他能变化成各种动植物；大家有时觉得他可怕，实则他正直勇敢，危难之时挺身而出保护他人。

2.Jane Eyre

She is small and her face is plain. Despite a difficult childhood, she grows up to be an independent, determined and generous young woman. She remains true to herself and never loses hope in her search for love and happiness.

她身材瘦小、相貌平平；童年坎坷，成长为独立、坚定、慷慨的女性，忠于自我，追寻爱与幸福永不放弃。

3.Cowardly Lion

He has the outward appearance of the King of the Beasts, but he has a timid and sensitive character, which causes him to believe he is a coward. However, he performs brave actions even when he feels afraid, proving that he is in fact a courageous individual.

外表是万兽之王，性格胆小敏感，自认懦弱；可即使内心害怕，依然做出勇敢举动，证明自己十分勇敢。

4.Harry Potter

He is thin and bookish boy with untidy dark hair. He doesn’t appear to be particularly tough and sometimes looks as if he lacks confidence. In reality, he is brave and loyal, and always ready for a dangerous challenge when it is necessary to do the right thing.

瘦弱，书卷气，深色乱发；外表看起来并不强悍，有时缺乏自信；实际上勇敢忠诚，为坚守正义直面危险挑战。

✨人物演讲参考（简爱 Jane Eyre）

Jane Eyre is one of my favourite literary characters. What attracts me most is her strong mind. Although she is small and plain, she is independent and determined. She sticks to her dignity and never gives up searching for true love. Her inner beauty is far more valuable than appearance.

🎤 Part 2 Presenting ideas：The most beautiful person you know

🔹名言

A human being should be entirely beautiful: the face, the clothes, the mind, the thoughts.

—Anton Chekhov, Uncle Vanya

人应当是完全美丽的：面容、衣着、心灵、思想。——契诃夫

📋任务表格模板（推荐你心中最美的人）

- Name of him / her: （示例：my grandma）

- Description of him / her

- Appearance: grey hair, wrinkled face, warm smile

- Personality: patient, generous, warm‑hearted

- Reasons to recommend him / her: She is always ready to help neighbours. She teaches me to be kind to people around me. Her kindness makes her beautiful in my eyes.

✅范文

The Most Beautiful Person I Know

Good morning everyone.

When we talk about beauty, many people think of good‑looking faces. But in my opinion, true beauty comes from one’s heart. The most beautiful person I know is my grandma.

Grandma has grey hair and wrinkles on her face. She is not a beauty in appearance. However, she has a very warm heart. She is always ready to help neighbours in trouble. Whenever someone needs help, she will give a hand without hesitation. She also devotes lots of time to volunteering in our community.

What makes her beautiful is her selfless kindness. Her beauty will never fade with age. That is why I recommend my grandma as the most beautiful person.

Thank you.

📝词汇分类

✅ Appearance（外貌词汇）

plain-looking, thin, untidy dark hair, small, outward appearance, handsome, ugly, wrinkled face

✅ Personality（性格词汇，背诵）

independent, determined, generous, timid, sensitive, courageous, brave, loyal, just, righteous, warm‑hearted, selfless, honest

📚配套课堂小练习

一、形容词分类：Appearance / Personality

kind, plain, brave, handsome, generous, wrinkled, loyal, timid, ugly

Appearance：________________________________________

Personality：________________________________________

二、翻译（主语从句）

真正重要的是一个人的内在品质。

✅参考答案

一

Appearance：plain, handsome, wrinkled, ugly

Personality：kind, brave, generous, loyal, timid

二

What really matters is a person’s inner qualities.