Passage 1 · 中国时事民生（非科技）

原文词数 363

Walk out of your door, turn a corner, and within fifteen minutes on foot you can reach a supermarket, a clinic, a small café, a repair shop, and perhaps a pocket park. This is the idea behind China's "15-minute convenient living circle," a community plan that aims to meet residents' everyday needs close to home.

The concept was formally launched in 2021, when twelve government departments issued guidance on building such circles nationwide. Rather than erecting grand shopping centers far away, the plan asks cities to fill the gaps in their own neighborhoods—adding what is missing, be it an affordable canteen for the elderly, a corner to fix a bicycle, or a quiet place where children can read. The principle sounds plain: ask residents what they lack, then supply exactly that. Cities are told to adapt to local conditions, since what works in a dense old town may differ from a newly built suburb.

Progress has been steady. By the end of July 2025, 210 pilot areas had built 6,255 living circles, covering 1.503 million commercial outlets and serving 129 million residents, the Ministry of Commerce reported. Six months later, by the end of December 2025, pilot areas had raised the number of circles to 8,132, serving 168 million people. The circles now range from fresh-food markets to elder-care canteens and shared study rooms. More than 90 percent of cities at or above the prefecture level have begun such projects.

The next stage is scale. A 2025 notice sets a 2030 goal nicknamed "a hundred cities, ten thousand circles": 100 city-wide pilot zones and 10,000 well-built living circles covering main urban districts and qualified county communities. In July 2026, 30 new regions were named the third batch of city-wide pilot zones. Officials describe the effort as moving services from "a car ride away" to "a few steps from home."

Supporters say the circles do more than save time. By drawing services within walking distance, they turn ordinary streets into places where neighbors meet, the old receive care, and small businesses thrive. In a fast-changing country, the humble 15-minute circle has become a quiet measure of how cities choose to care for everyday life.

题目

1. What had been achieved in the pilot areas by the end of December 2025?

1. A. More than 200 million residents had been served by the circles.
2. B. A total of 8,132 living circles had been built, serving 168 million people.
3. C. The circles had taken the place of large shopping centers in the cities.
4. D. The 2030 goal of "a hundred cities" had already been reached.

2. What can we infer about the way the living circles are planned?

1. A. They are built mainly to attract tourists to the neighborhoods.
2. B. They copy a single national design in each city.
3. C. They are shaped by what local residents actually need.
4. D. They focus on building large parks far away from homes.

3. ★ What does the author suggest about the value of the 15-minute circles?

1. A. They help turn streets into spaces where community life can grow.
2. B. They mainly help people save money on daily shopping.
3. C. They were created to prepare cities for natural disasters.
4. D. They prove that big malls are no longer useful.

4. What is the passage mainly about?

1. A. How shopping centers are changing in Chinese cities.
2. B. Why young people prefer living near the city center.
3. C. The history of public transport in China.
4. D. A community plan that brings daily services within a short walk.

逐题解析

1. 答案 B。
    定位第三段："By the end of December 2025 ... 8,132 ... serving 168 million people"。A 把 1.68 亿夸大为 2 亿以上；C、D 与原文"补缺口、仍在推进"不符。
2. 答案 C。
    定位第二段原则"ask residents what they lack, then supply exactly that"及"adapt to local conditions（因地制宜）"，说明按居民实际需求定制。A、B 与"因地制宜"相反，D 与"步行可达、就近补建"相反。
3. 答案 A。★踮脚
    末段"turn ordinary streets into places where neighbors meet ... small businesses thrive"点明其社区凝聚价值。B 仅谈省钱属窄化，C、D 为无中生有。
4. 答案 D。
    全文围绕"15 分钟便民生活圈"这一社区计划展开：引入现象→政策背景→数据进展→扩围目标→意义。A/B/C 均偏离主题。

语篇分析

说明文。结构：现象引入（步行可达）→政策背景（2021 启动、因地制宜）→数据进展（2025 两时间点）→扩围目标（2030"百城万圈"）→意义升华。数字细节密集，解题时须把年份与对应数量级精确绑定，避免被相近数字干扰。

核心词汇

• convenient
   — 便利的
• resident
   — 居民
• pilot (area)
   — 试点的（地区）
• outlet
   — 商业网点
• qualified
   — 符合条件的
• prefecture
   — 行政区（地级）
• steady
   — 稳步的
• thriving
   — 繁荣的
• humble
   — 不起眼的
• measure
   — 衡量标准

词组

• within a short walk
   — 步行可达
• fill the gaps
   — 填补空白
• ask residents what they lack
   — 问居民所需
• at or above the prefecture level
   — 地级及以上
• turn ... into ...
   — 把……变成……
• a quiet measure of
   — ……的一个无声衡量

阅读知识点

数字细节题：先定位机构与年份（如 Ministry of Commerce / end of Dec 2025），再核对数量级与单位（million / 亿），切忌看到"大数"就选。本题 A 用"200 million"制造近似干扰，需用原文"168 million"排除。

Passage 2 · 外刊社会心理 / 行为经济

原文词数 433

In 1981, psychologists Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman published a now-famous study showing that the way a choice is described can change what people decide—even when the underlying facts are exactly the same. They called this the "framing effect," and it has since become one of the most cited ideas in behavioral science. You may meet it whenever a shop promotes a "limited offer" or a friend describes the same plan as either a "win" or a "loss". The words we hear first quietly set the frame.

In their experiment, participants faced a made-up public-health crisis: an unusual Asian disease expected to kill 600 people. They were offered two programs to fight it. The first group of 152 people read a "survival" version: Program A would save 200 lives for sure; Program B had a one-in-three chance of saving all 600 and a two-in-three chance of saving none. Faced with potential gains, 72 percent chose the safe Program A.

A second group of 155 people saw the very same programs described in terms of lives lost. Program C would let 400 people die; Program D had a one-in-three chance that no one would die and a two-in-three chance that all 600 would die. Logically, C is the same as A and D is the same as B. Yet only 22 percent now chose the careful option. Most switched to the risky Program D.

The reversal comes from the reference point people use to judge the situation. When outcomes were framed as lives saved, they treated 200 saved as a gain and grew cautious, preferring to protect it. When the same outcomes were framed as lives lost, they felt they were already behind and became willing to gamble for a better result. A small change in wording had shifted their appetite for risk. The pattern fits prospect theory, the broader account of decision-making under risk that the two researchers had proposed two years earlier.

The finding matters far beyond the lab. A package labeled "90% lean" sells better than the same meat called "10% fat." Doctors phrase treatment choices in ways that respect how patients weigh risk, and news outlets frame one event as a "chance to gain" or a "threat to avoid," moving opinion through words alone.

Kahneman later received the Nobel Prize in Economics for this line of work. The framing effect remains a clear reminder that human choice is less purely rational than it appears. Noticing it does not make it disappear, but it can prompt a useful check: would I decide the same way if the facts were stated differently?

题目

5. In Tversky and Kahneman's experiment, what did most people in the first group choose?

1. A. The safe program that would save 200 lives for sure.
2. B. The risky program with a chance of saving no one.
3. C. A program that would let 400 people die.
4. D. A plan to save all 600 people without any risk.

6. ★ Why did many participants switch to the risky program in the second version?

1. A. They were given new information about the disease.
2. B. The wording made them feel they were facing a loss.
3. C. They wanted to save more money for the hospital.
4. D. The second group was made up of braver people.

7. What does the word "appetite" most likely mean in the passage?

1. A. A kind of healthy food.
2. B. The speed of making a choice.
3. C. A strong willingness or desire.
4. D. A feeling of fear or worry.

8. ★ What is the author's main purpose in writing this passage?

1. A. To show that people should avoid listening to the news.
2. B. To compare two different public-health programs.
3. C. To argue that numbers in science are not reliable.
4. D. To introduce the framing effect and encourage readers to question how choices are described.

逐题解析

1. 答案 A。
    定位第二段："Faced with potential gains, 72 percent chose the safe Program A"（确定救 200 人）。B 是仅 28% 人选的 Program B；C 属第二组；D 文中无此方案。
2. 答案 B。★踮脚
    第四段指出参考点（reference point）由"收益"转为"损失"，人在损失框架下更愿冒险。A 错（事实相同）；C、D 为无关或主观臆断。
3. 答案 C。
    "appetite for risk" 指"冒险的意愿/欲望"，此处说表述改变使人的风险偏好发生偏移。A/B/D 均不合语境。
4. 答案 D。★踮脚
    全文先介绍框架效应与实验，末段引导读者自我检视"would I decide the same way ... stated differently?"，目的在"引介概念并促人反思"。A/B/C 均曲解或夸大。

语篇分析

实验类说明文。结构：提出概念（1981）→呈现实验（亚洲疾病问题，两组对照）→解释机制（参考点/收益损失框架）→生活迁移（标签、医患、媒体）→升华（诺贝尔奖与理性反思）。论证靠"同一事实、两种表述"的对照展开。

核心词汇

• framing effect
   — 框架效应
• identical
   — 完全相同的
• participant
   — 参与者
• reversal
   — 逆转；反转
• reference point
   — 参照点
• cautious
   — 谨慎的
• gamble
   — 冒险；赌博
• prospect theory
   — 前景理论
• rational
   — 理性的
• cited
   — 被引用的

词组

• public-health crisis
   — 公共卫生危机
• a one-in-three chance
   — 三分之一的可能性
• shift one's appetite for risk
   — 改变某人的风险偏好
• fit (prospect theory)
   — 符合；契合
• move public opinion
   — 左右公众舆论
• prompt a useful check
   — 引发一次有用的检视

阅读知识点

实验说明文抓"自变量/因变量"：本篇自变量是同一事实的两种表述（gain frame vs loss frame），因变量是选择变化（72%→22% 选稳妥项）。考题 6 考查机制解释，需回到"reference point"与"损失框架使人更愿冒险"这一核心句。

完形填空 · 独立出行（叙事）

原文词数 263

Last summer, I took the high-speed train by myself for the first time. It was my first trip without parents, and a small worry stayed with me from the start. My parents were busy, and I ___(1)___ to visit my grandmother in another city. At the station, the crowd made me ___(2)___, but a clear voice on the loudspeaker guided me to the right ___(3)___.

I found my seat by the window and placed my bag on the ___(4)___ above. The train slid away ___(5)___, almost without a sound. A screen above the door showed 310 km/h, yet my cup of water barely moved. Outside, fields and towns flew past like a moving picture. I had always ___(6)___ this trip with my father, so doing it alone felt strange yet ___(7)___.

A woman sat down next to me. Seeing my nervous face, she ___(8)___ a smile and said the ride was easier than it looked. We talked a little, and she ___(9)___ me where to get off. Before she left at her stop, she wished me a good visit. Her plain kindness made the long hours ___(10)___.

When the train slowed, I gathered my things and stepped onto the ___(11)___. The late sunlight made the platform look warm and quiet. Grandma was waiting, surprised that I had managed the trip ___(12)___. On the way home that evening, I realized the journey had taught me more than I ___(13)___.

Doing something alone does not mean doing it ___(14)___. A few words from a stranger, a familiar face at the end—these small things turn a first try into a ___(15)___ memory.

题目（15 空）

1.

1. A. decided
2. B. refused
3. C. forgot
4. D. promised

2.

1. A. excited
2. B. nervous
3. C. bored
4. D. sleepy

3.

1. A. shop
2. B. train
3. C. platform
4. D. office

4.

1. A. shelf
2. B. seat
3. C. floor
4. D. table

5.

1. A. loudly
2. B. slowly
3. C. suddenly
4. D. smoothly

6.

1. A. enjoyed
2. B. taken
3. C. missed
4. D. planned

7.

1. A. tiring
2. B. scary
3. C. freeing
4. D. lonely

8.

1. A. offered
2. B. hid
3. C. returned
4. D. avoided

9.

1. A. asked
2. B. taught
3. C. warned
4. D. told

10.

1. A. heavier
2. B. shorter
3. C. colder
4. D. harder

11.

1. A. bus
2. B. street
3. C. platform
4. D. car

12.

1. A. alone
2. B. late
3. C. safely
4. D. quickly

13.

1. A. wanted
2. B. feared
3. C. noticed
4. D. expected

14.

1. A. wrongly
2. B. lonely
3. C. early
4. D. fast

15.

1. A. strange
2. B. common
3. C. warm
4. D. distant

逐题解析

1. 1. A
    父母忙，"我"决定独自去看奶奶。refused/forgot 与后文成行矛盾。
2. 2. B
    人群让"我"紧张，与下段 nervous face 呼应。
3. 3. C
    广播把"我"引到正确的站台 platform。
4. 4. A
    把包放到头顶的 shelf（行李架）。
5. 5. D
    高铁平稳驶离，smoothly 与 almost without a sound 一致。
6. 6. B
    take a trip 固定搭配；此处指以往总与父亲同行。
7. 7. C
    独自出行陌生却令人感到 freeing（自在/解脱）。
8. 8. A
    她送上（offered）一个微笑，与 kindness 呼应。
9. 9. D
    她告诉（told）"我"在哪下车。
10. 10. B
     她的善意让漫长车程显得 shorter（更短）。
11. 11. C
     下车踏上月台 platform（与 3 题复现）。
12. 12. A
     奶奶惊讶"我"竟能独自（alone）完成旅程。
13. 13. D
     这趟旅程教给"我"的比预想（expected）的更多。
14. 14. B
     独处不等于孤独 lonely，收束情感主线。
15. 15. C
     陌生人的几句话把初次尝试变成温暖的（warm）回忆。

语篇分析

记叙文。线索：nervous（紧张）→ freeing（自在）→ warm（温暖），情感逐级升温。解题须借助复现词（platform 在第 3、11 空复现；alone 在第 12、14 空复现）与情感基调一致性，排除与全文温暖、成长基调冲突的选项。

核心词汇

• high-speed
   — 高速的
• loudspeaker
   — 广播（喇叭）
• platform
   — 站台
• shelf
   — 架子（行李架）
• smoothly
   — 平稳地
• nervous
   — 紧张的
• freeing
   — 令人感到自在的
• offer
   — 给予；主动提供
• gather
   — 收拾；聚集
• memory
   — 回忆

词组

• by myself
   — 独自
• place ... on
   — 把……放到……上
• slide away
   — 缓缓驶离
• fly past
   — 飞驰而过
• get off
   — 下车
• step onto
   — 踏上

阅读知识点

完形填空"情感主线法"：叙事类完形常围绕一个情感词展开（本篇 nervous→freeing→warm）。先通读把握基调，再让每个选项服务于该基调；遇到复现词（platform / alone）优先验证其在不同空处的呼应。