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【高中英语这样学】【回归课本】外研社|选修四|Unit 5: Into the unknown|语法&口语和写作

发布时间：2026-10-31 13:09:59 最近访问：2026-10-31 13:10:00

学习重点

Ø词汇学习【高中英语这样学】【回归课本】外研社｜选修四｜Unit 5: Into the unknown｜词汇学习

Ø语法：Review: noun clauses

Ø口语&写作：Give a speech on the meaning of exploration

语法：Review：名词性从句 noun clauses

名词性从句：相当于名词，在句子里做主语、宾语、表语；引导词：what / how / why / that / whether等

句子分析

a. Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.

（宾语从句，作shows的宾语）

b. But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.

（表语从句，放在be动词is后面）

c. Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery.

（主语从句，整个从句做句子主语，谓语是remains）

阅读

There are many mysteries about dinosaurs to which we long to find explanations. You may think that dinosaurs were big, green and scaly, right? In fact, it seems that they appeared very different from ① what we thought.

In recent years, scientists have worked out ② what they looked like: many of them were small with feathers. However, ③ whether / why they had feathers still isn’t clear — it might have been for communicating or for staying warm, but not just for flight.

Scientists also believe that many dinosaurs had bright colours. It seems ④ that this depended on their habitats. That is, dinosaurs which could fly would have had different colours to those living in the sea.

文中名词性从句完整解析

① what we thought

- 从句类型：宾语从句

- 位置：介词from后面，介词的宾语

- 引导词：what，在从句内部作宾语，译为“我们过去所想（的样子）”

- 句意：事实上，它们看起来和我们过去想象的样子大不相同。

语法点：介词后接宾语从句，what在从句充当成分，不能用that。

② what they looked like

- 从句类型：宾语从句

- 位置：动词短语worked out（弄清楚）之后，作宾语

- 引导词：what，在从句作like的宾语，what = the thing that

- 句意：近年来，科学家已经弄清楚了它们长什么样子。

③ whether / why they had feathers

- 从句类型：主语从句

- 位置：直接放在谓语isn’t clear前面，整句话作句子主语

- 引导词辨析

1.whether：是否；句意：它们是否长羽毛尚不明确

2.why：为什么；句意：它们为何长羽毛尚不明确

- 句意：然而，它们为什么/是否长羽毛，目前尚不明确。

语法点：主语从句放句首，不能用if，只能用whether。

④ that this depended on their habitats

- 从句类型：表语从句（固定句型 It seems that …）

- It是形式主语，真正主语是that引导从句

- 引导词that，在从句不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不能省略

- 句意：这似乎取决于它们的栖息地。

额外两处课本隐藏名词性从句

1.You may think that dinosaurs were big, green and scaly.

宾语从句，作think的宾语，that可省略。

2.Scientists also believe that many dinosaurs had bright colours.

宾语从句，作believe的宾语。

高考易错点梳理

1.what在从句必须充当主语/宾语；that不作成分。

2.介词后面可以接what引导的宾语从句，不能用that。

3.主语从句放句首表达“是否”，只用whether，不能用if。

4.It seems that…，that不能省略。

练习题

Ⅰ 划出从句，判断从句类型（主语/宾语/表语从句）

1.What interests me most is how ancient civilisations disappeared.

2.Many scientists wonder why dinosaurs died out suddenly.

3.My question is whether humans should keep exploring the unknown.

参考答案

1.What interests me most（主语从句）；how ancient civilisations disappeared（表语从句）

2.why dinosaurs died out suddenly（宾语从句，作wonder宾语）

3. whether humans should keep exploring the unknown（表语从句）

Ⅱ 单句填空（名词性从句）

1.No one knows ________ caused the downfall of the Maya civilisation.

2.________ we should risk exploring uncharted areas is still discussed.

3.The researchers want to find out ________ the shipwreck happened.

参考答案 1. what 2. Whether 3. why

Ⅲ 句子翻译（名词性从句）

1.最让我好奇的是什么促使人类去探索未知。

2.科学家还不清楚这些动物为什么会拥有鲜艳的羽毛。

参考答案

1.What interests me most is what drives humans to delve into the unknown.

2.2. Scientists are still unclear why these animals had bright‑coloured feathers.

四、用名词性从句谈论恐龙灭绝

参考范文：

Among the many unsolved mysteries about dinosaurs, what really interests me is their disappearance. One possible explanation is that a huge meteorite hit the Earth. Another idea is that ash and gas from erupting volcanoes changed the climate. What we still do not know is whether diseases also played an important role.

口语&写作：Give a speech on the meaning of exploration

名句原文（Marcel Proust）

The only true voyage of discovery would be not to visit strange lands but to possess other eyes, to look at the universe through the eyes of another person, or of a hundred other people, to see the hundred universes that each of them sees.

中文翻译

真正的发现之旅，不在于去往陌生的国度，而在于拥有他人的视角；透过一个人，乃至上百个人的眼睛去看待世界，看见每一个人眼中那上百个不同的宇宙。

重点词汇

voyage of discovery 发现之旅

possess other eyes 拥有他人的视角

universe n. 宇宙；眼中的世界

演讲稿：What exploration means to you

演讲框架（写作/口语通用）

1.Opening 开头：引出主题，引用普鲁斯特名言

2.Body 主体段1：传统意义——实地探索的价值

3.Body 主体段2：精神探索——换位思考、阅读、倾听的力量

4.Conclusion结尾：总结，表达个人态度

完整示范演讲稿

What Exploration Means to Me

Good morning, everyone.

Marcel Proust once said that the only true voyage of discovery is not to visit strange lands, but to possess other eyes and see the world through other people’s minds. This sentence makes me rethink what exploration really means.

For many people, exploration means travelling far away to unknown places. Adventurers set out for uncharted lands, delving into new cultures and natural wonders. Physical exploration broadens our horizons and brings us direct, real‑world experience.

Nevertheless, exploration does not require long‑distance journeys. We can also explore the world with our minds. When we read books, we step into different universes built by writers. When we communicate patiently with others, we learn to understand their feelings and opinions. This kind of mental exploration helps us break our old thinking patterns.

In short, exploration includes both travelling with our feet and exploring with our hearts. Whether we travel abroad or stay at home, keeping an open mind is the key. That is what exploration means to me.

Thank you for listening.

实用句式

1.This sentence makes me rethink what … really means.

这句话让我重新思考……真正的含义。

2.For many people, exploration means doing …

对很多人而言，探索意味着……

3.Nevertheless, exploration does not require …

然而，探索并不需要……

4.We can also explore the world with our minds.

我们同样可以用思想探索世界。

5.Exploration includes both … and …

探索既包括……，也包括……