【同义替换必考】十年真题236组高频同义词(背熟这些,阅读理解、完形填空和写作就更有底气 )

高考英语的阅读理解、完形填空和写作，都极其看重“同义替换”的能力：阅读里，正确答案常常就是原文单词的另一种说法。同义替换，就是用更丰富、更准确、更高级的表达，去替代那些“太常见”的基础词。它不需要掌握几千个生僻词，只需要把最核心的高频词，记住它们的那几个“替身”。今天这份资料，整理了历年高考英语试卷中反复出现的高频同义替换词，并按照“动作动词、心理与状态、形容词与副词、名词数量时间地点”四大类重新归纳，方便你分块记忆。建议先收藏，再反复翻看，写作时每替换一个词，语感立刻就不一样。

一、动作动词升级篇

写作和翻译里，动词是句子的“发动机”。下面这些高频动作词，每个都有多种更地道的说法，用起来句子立刻高级。

1.充满→be full of / be filled with / be flooded with / be crowded with

2.区分→distinguish / tell A from B

3.出版→come out / be published

4.锻炼→exercise / work out

5.结合→combine / mix sth up

6.前进→advance / move forward

7.删除→delete / cut out

8.下降·减少→decline / come or go down / drop / fall / decrease / reduce

9.移走→remove / take away

10.吸收→absorb / take in

11.把…分开→break sth apart / split / divide / separate sth

12.用…替换→replace…with / use…as an alternative to…

13.回答→answer / reply to

14.收割→harvest / gather / get in

15.抵制→boycott / refuse to accept / resist / reject

16.代替→replace / take the place of

17.背诵→recite / learn…by heart

18.退学→quit / drop out of school

19.推迟→delay / postpone / put off

20.去拿来→fetch / go and bring back

21.相匹配→match / go with

22.打扰→cause trouble to / bother / disturb

23.描述→describe / give a description of

24.放弃→abandon / go away from / leave / give up

25.取消→cancel / call off

26.制订计划→make a plan / work out a plan / draw up a plan

27.逃跑→escape / run away

28.开始存在→appear / come into being / come into existence

29.进入→enter / come or go into

30.防…止病→protect…from sickness / avoid or prevent sickness

31.用完某物→run out of sth / lack sth / sth run out / sth be used up

32.算出→calculate / figure out

33.寻找·追求→seek / look for / search for / hunt for

34.提高·改善→improve / make or become better

35.庆祝→celebrate / hold a celebration

36.处理→handle / settle / deal with / cope with

37.加速→accelerate / speed up / quicken

38.分配→allocate sth to sb / divide sth among sb

39.使能做某事→enable sb to do / make sb able to do

40.宁做A不做B→do A rather than B / do A instead of B

41.出国→go abroad / go to a foreign country

42.控告→accuse sb of sth / charge sb with sth

43.成功做某事→manage to do sth / succeed in doing sth

44.突然笑·哭→burst into laughter or tears / burst out laughing or crying

45.不理·忽视→ignore / overlook / pay no attention to

46.挨饿·饿死→starve / go hungry / die from hunger

47.占…比例→account for / make up

48.看医生→go to see / consult a doctor

49.更喜欢→prefer sth / like sth better

50.使生气→annoy sb / make sb angry

51.报道此事→cover / report the event

52.影响交通→hold up / block traffic

53.澄清·阐明→clarify / make sth clear

54.使某人高兴→cheer sb up / make sb happy

55.雇用某人→employ / hire sb / take sb on

56.得出结论→conclude / draw a conclusion

57.弄明白→figure out / find out

58.试验→try out / test / experiment (on or with)

59.参加→join in / take part in / participate in / get involved in / compete in

60.拒绝→refuse / reject / turn down / decline / say no to

61.参观→visit / pay a visit to / go to…for a visit

62.发生→happen / occur / take place / come about

63.促成·导致→cause / contribute to / lead to / result in / bring about

64.提高→improve / raise / increase / promote / strengthen

65.把时间用于→spend time (in) doing sth / devote all one’s time to doing sth

66.道歉→apologize to sb / say sorry to sb / make an apology to sb

67.尽力做某事→try to do sth / try one’s best to do sth / attempt / make an attempt / spare no efforts to do sth

68.取得·赢得→get / win / gain / obtain / attain / acquire / earn

69.实现目标→realize / reach / accomplish / achieve / attain

70.表达→express / convey

71.养成·培养→develop / train / foster / cultivate

72.弥补→make up for / compensate for

73.挑选→choose / select / pick out

74.照顾→look after / take care of / tend / attend

75.面对·面临→face / be faced or confronted with

76.走（30英里）→walk or travel (30 miles) / cover (30 miles)

77.捐赠→give…away / donate / contribute

78.激增→increase rapidly / multiply / rocket

二、心理与状态动词篇

心理活动、情感态度与状态表达，是阅读理解和完形填空的常客，也是写作中表达观点、描写心情的利器。记住下面这些替换，表达不再单调。

79.与…一致→agree with / be consistent with / correspond with

80.与…相反·对立→contradict / be opposite to

81.缺席→be absent from / be not present at

82.宣布→announce / declare sth / make sth known to the public

83.担心→worry about / be concerned or anxious about

84.提到→mention / refer to / talk about or of

85.勇敢去做→be brave to / have courage to

86.满足需要→cater to / meet / satisfy the need

87.信任·信赖→trust / believe / have confidence or faith in

88.劝某人做→advise sb to do / try to persuade sb to do

89.劝某人不要做→discourage sb from doing / persuade sb not to do

90.置若罔闻→turn a deaf ear to / refuse to listen to

91.高兴起来→cheer up / become happy

92.与…不同→differ from / be different from / vary from…to…

93.乱七八糟→in a mess / in disorder

94.气喘吁吁→breathless / out of breath

95.做出决定→determine / decide / make a decision

96.对…有害→do harm to / be harmful to

97.相似·相像→resemble / be like / be similar to

98.低语·耳语→whisper / speak in a low voice

99.茫然·困惑→at a loss / puzzled / confused

100.取笑·逗弄→tease / make fun of / laugh at / amuse

101.长胖→put on or gain weight / grow fat

102.熟悉→know…well / be familiar with

103.值得·应得→deserve sth / be worthy of sth / be worth doing sth

104.保证·确保→ensure / guarantee / make sure or certain

105.充当·起作用→act as / serve as

106.怒视→glare at / look at sth angrily

107.吸引某人→interest / attract / draw sb / appeal to sb / catch sb’s eye or attention

108.反对→be against / oppose / object to / disagree with / disapprove of

109.认为→think or believe that / hold the view that / argue or claim that

110.做报告→give a presentation / talk / speech

111.辍学·退学→drop out of / leave school

112.优于·胜过→have the advantage over / have the edge over / be better than

113.对某人生气→get angry with sb / get cross with sb / be annoyed with sb

114.有机会使用·做→have access to sth / have the chance of doing sth

115.对…全然不知→be in the dark about / know nothing about

116.告诉某人某事→tell sb sth / inform sb of sth / keep sb informed of sth

117.致力于→apply / bend / commit / devote oneself to / be devoted to

118.旨在做→aim at doing / be designed or intended to do / be meant to do sth

119.因某事感激某人→thank sb for sth / be thankful or grateful to sb / express one’s gratitude / appreciate sth

120.吸引某人→attract sb / draw sb / appeal to sb / have a strong appeal to sb

121.喜欢·爱好→like / love / enjoy / be interested in / be fond of / be keen on / be crazy about / be addicted to

122.有利于·有助于→be good for / do good to / be beneficial to / contribute to

123.即将到来→be coming soon / be approaching / be around the corner

124.记住某事→remember sth / keep sth in mind / bear sth in mind

125.相信·认为→be sure that… / think or believe that… / hold the firm belief that… / be convinced that…

126.帮助某人→help / aid / assist sb / give sb a hand / do sb a favor

127.考虑某事→think about sth / consider sth / take sth into consideration or account

128.期望做某事→expect or want to do sth / look forward to doing sth / can’t wait to do sth / desire or long to do sth

129.全神贯注于→focus on / put one’s heart into / concentrate on / be absorbed in / be devoted to

130.影响→affect / have an effect or influence or impact on

131.尊敬·尊重→respect / show respect for / look up to / admire

132.使用·利用→use / employ / make use of / take advantage of / make the best of

133.想到→think of sth / sth occur to or strike sb / sb come up with sth

134.建议→suggest that… / advise that… / put forward the suggestion that… / recommend that…

135.决心做某事→decide to do sth / determine or be determined to do sth / make up one’s mind to do sth

136.位于→be in / lie in… / be located in / be situated in…

137.知道·意识到→know / realize / be aware of that / be conscious of / come to realize

138.同意某人的观点→agree with sb / share the same idea with sb

139.重视·关注→value / pay attention to / take sth seriously / attach great importance to / lay stress on

140.对…满意→be satisfied with / express one’s satisfaction with

141.对某人生气→be angry with sb / be annoyed with sb / be cross with sb

142.忙于…→be busy with / be occupied with / bury oneself in

143.由…组成→be made up of / consist of / be composed of

144.擅长·精通·熟悉→be good at / be skilled at or in / be expert in / do well in / have a good command of / be familiar or acquainted with

145.适当·适合→be fit for / be suitable for / be appropriate for

146.一…就…→on doing / immediately / the moment / as soon as / no sooner…than / hardly or scarcely…when

147.因…而著名→be famous for / be well-known for / be noted for / be celebrated for

148.习惯于做某事→be used to (doing) sth / be accustomed to (doing) sth

149.赞成·同意→agree with / approve of / be in favor of / stand by one’s side

150.需要→need / call for / require / demand / be in need of

151.与…相联系→be related to / be relevant to / be linked to / be connected with

152.因为→because of / on account of / due to / owing to / thanks to / for the reason that

153.指望→depend on / rely on / count on

154.应该→should / be supposed to

155.富于→be rich in / be abundant in

156.厌倦→be tired of / be bored with / be fed up with

157.评价→judge / evaluate

158.说服→persuade

159.理解→understand / comprehend

160.忍受→bear / stand / put up with / tolerate

161.总计→add up to / amount to

162.一定做→be sure or certain to do / be bound to do

三、形容词与副词替换篇

形容词和副词是描写的“颜料”。一个准确的形容词能让画面立起来，恰当的副词能让语气更精准。下面这些替换，让表达更有质感。

163.亲自→personally / in person

164.尤其→particularly / in particular

165.舒适→comfortable / at ease

166.害怕→fear / be afraid or scared of

167.精力充沛→energetic / full of energy

168.重要→count / matter / be important / be significant / be vital / be crucial

169.偶然地→incidentally / accidentally / by chance / occasionally

170.违法的→illegal / not legal / against the law

171.可进入·可接近→be accessible / be easy to enter or reach or use

172.平静的→calm / not excited

173.抽象的→abstract / not specific

174.积极的→active / not passive

175.残酷地→cruelly / without mercy / mercilessly

176.复杂的→complicated / not simple / complex

177.人造的→artificial / man-made

178.故意地→deliberately / on purpose / purposely

179.再一次→again / once more / once again / over and over again

180.独自地→alone / by oneself

181.可得到的→be available / be easily got

182.在…后面→behind / at the back of

183.受欢迎的→be popular with / be well received by…

184.聪明的→clever / bright / wise / smart

185.重要的→important / essential / significant / vital / crucial / of importance

186.富裕的→rich / wealthy / well-off / well-to-do

187.许多的→many / a lot of / plenty of / numerous / a large number of

188.累的·精疲力竭→be tired / be worn out / be exhausted

189.有时→sometimes / once in a while / occasionally / at times / now and then

190.立即·马上→immediately / without hesitation / without delay

191.事实上→in fact / in reality / as a matter of fact / in practice

192.越来越多的→more and more / an increasing or growing number of

193.优秀的→good / excellent / outstanding / distinguished

194.普通的→ordinary / common / average

195.严重的→serious / severe

196.各种→all or different kinds of / a variety of / a wide range of

197.最后→finally / eventually

198.期间→during / in the course of

199.足够的→enough / adequate / ample

200.有益的→good / helpful / beneficial / rewarding

201.大多数→most / the majority of

202.非常→very / greatly / extremely / badly

203.突然→suddenly / all of a sudden

204.聪明的→clever / bright / intelligent / brilliant

205.显然→obvious / apparent

206.漂亮的→beautiful / pretty / attractive / charming

四、名词·数量·时间·地点篇

名词、数量、时间与地点的地道表达，能避免生硬直译，让英文更接近母语者的说法，也为阅读理解和写作提供更丰富的素材。

207.只有→only / nobody or nothing but

208.谋生→make or earn a living

209.代表→represent / stand for / be on behalf of

210.十年→decade / ten years

211.两周→fortnight / two weeks

212.二十→score / twenty

213.十二→dozen / twelve

214.成人→adult / grown-up

215.少数→a minority of / a small number of

216.后来→afterwards / after that / later on

217.目前→nowadays / at present / at the present time

218.展览→on show / on display / on exhibition

219.在农村·城市→in the countryside or city / in rural or urban areas

220.除…之外→besides / as well as / in addition to / apart from

221.方式·方法→way / solution / approach / method / means

222.情况良好→in (a) good condition / in a good state or situation

223.全世界→all over or around the world / worldwide / globally

224.重力→gravity / the pull of the earth

225.到处→everywhere / here and there

226.一年一次→annual / yearly / every year

227.榜样→model / example

228.有危险→in danger / at risk

229.青少年→adolescent / teenager

230.无论如何→anyhow / in any way

231.无论什么→whatever / no matter what

232.老年人→old people / the old / senior citizens / the aged / the elderly

233.当前·目前→now / nowadays / at present / presently

234.缺点·不利条件→shortcoming / weak point / weakness / disadvantage / drawback

235.成功·成就→success / accomplishment / achievement

236.除…之外（还）→besides / apart from / in addition to / along with

五、这236个词，这样用最有效

这份词表不需要一次背完。建议分三步走：第一步，按大类通读一遍，把“眼熟”的词先标记出来；第二步，挑出你写作中最常用的二十个基础词，把它们的替换表达记牢，并主动写进作文里；第三步，每次做完阅读理解，看到某个替换词的实际用法，就顺手回到这份表里勾上一笔。

坚持一个月，你会发现自己的作文不再是清一色的 make、good、very，而是更丰富、更地道的表达。语言的美感，往往就藏在这些“换一种说法”的细节里。

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