第02 讲 高频词+话题分类重难词+同义替换词
目录
01 考情解码·命题预警.................................................................................................................................................2
02
体系构建·思维可视
3
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚.................................................................................................................................................4
考点一 阅读理解高频词汇.................................................................................................................................4
知识点1 首字母a~c.............................................................................................................................................4
知识点2 首字母d~j............................................................................................................................................12
知识点3 首字母l~s............................................................................................................................................16
知识点4 首字母t~z............................................................................................................................................24
考点二 话题分类重难词汇...............................................................................................................................30
知识点1 科技创新类词汇..................................................................................................................................30
知识点2 情感社科类词汇..................................................................................................................................33
知识点3 医药卫生类词汇..................................................................................................................................42
知识点4 经济环保类词汇..................................................................................................................................44
知识点5 人物描述类词汇..................................................................................................................................46
考点三 同义替换词...........................................................................................................................................59
04 真题溯源 考向感知.............................................................................................................................................75
考情分析
从近三年高考试题来看，阅读理解的难度都比较大，涉及文章的题材多样，有应用文、记叙
文、普通说明文，科普说明文，研究报告等。词汇的难度也有所增加。
2025
新高考
I 卷部分
长词示例
：automobile 汽车; breakdown 故障；分解; lightweight 轻量的;
sustainable 可持续的；comparatively 相对地；crucially 至关重要的；persuasive 有说服力的；upgrade 升
级；a quick pick-me-up 提神的东西；cutting-edge 尖端的；contemporary 当代的；
2025
年新高考
II 卷部分词汇示例
：address 设法解决；eateries 餐馆；stronghold 要塞；据点；
medieval 中古的；unused 未用过的；tailor-made 特制的；ingredient 原料；well-being 健康，幸福；
surgery 外科学；free-range 散养；ship out 发出；发货；exclusively 唯一地，专门地
2024
年新高考Ⅰ卷
长词示例
： mental aspect 心理方面 hypothesis n. 假设，假说；[逻]前提
mindset n. 观念模式，思维倾向，心态 engaging adj. 迷人的；吸引人的 v. 雇佣(engage 的ing 形式)；
预订 demonstrate v. 证明；说明；(游行)示威；演示 identical adj. 同一的；完全同样的，相同的
对阅读理解中社会生活、心理学类、科技科普、环保生态类等话题高频词汇的精准掌握有助于
快速理解文章内容，正确解题。
复习目标：
1. 熟练掌握阅读理解高频词。
2. 熟悉话题词汇。
3. 掌握阅读理解高频替换词。
考点一 阅读理解高频词汇
知识点1 首字母a~c
字母A 开头
1. abandon [ə'bændən] vt.抛弃；舍弃；离弃
2. abnormal [æb'nɔ:məl] a.不正常的；变态的
3. abortion [ə'bɔ:ʃən] n. 流产; 失败；夭折
4. abolish [ə'bɔliʃ] vt. 取消；废除；废止；革除
5. absence ['aebsans] n.缺席;缺乏
6. absolute ['absolu:t] adj.绝对的，完全的;无条件的
【北京卷】Forget about time as an absolute.忘记时间是绝对的。
7. absorb /ob'so:b; ab'zo:b/vt.吸收，吸纳;理解
8. abrupt [ə'brʌpt] a.突然的; 粗鲁无礼的；
【江苏卷】The outbreak of Covid-19 has meant an abrupt change in our life and work.新冠肺炎疫情的爆
发，给我们的生活和工作带来了一个突然的变化。
9. abstract ['æbstækt]a. & n. 抽象的；非具体的；非实在的; /摘要；摘录; 抽象；理论；抽象艺术品
10. absurd [əb'sə:d]a.荒谬的, 荒唐可笑的
11. abundant [ə'bʌndənt]a. 丰富的； 充足的
12. abuse [ə'bju:z] v. 辱骂 滥用；误用,虐待
13. abundant /o'bAndont/ adj.丰富的，大量的
14. academy [ə'kædəmi] n. 学会, 研究院, 协会
15. accelerate [æk'seləreit] v. 加速; 促进; 增加
16. accessible [ək'sesəbl] a. 能接近的, 可接见的;
17. accommodation [əˌkɔmə'deiʃən] n. 住处，住所
18. accompany [ə'kʌmpəni]v.陪着; 伴随;伴奏
19. accomplish [ə'kɔmpliʃ]v. 完成, 实现(计划等), 达到(目的); 实行
20. accountant [ə'kauntənt]n. 会计师，会计员
21. accumulate [ə'kju:mjuleit] v. 积累，积存
22. accuracy [ə'kju:rəsi]n. 准确性； 精确性
【2023 新高考I 卷】the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
大量独立估计数的平均值可能会相当准确。
23. accustomed [ə'kʌstəmd]a. 经常的， 惯常的
24. acknowledge [ək'nɔliʤ]v. 承认; 公认为；认为; 对…表示感谢，答谢，致谢; 表明已收到
25. acquaintance[ə'kwentəns] n. 熟悉, 认识; 熟人,
26. acquire [ə'kwaiə]v. 得, 得到, 获得; 招致；学得(知识等), 求得, 养成(习惯等)
27. acquisition[ˌækwi'ziʃən] n.获得 ;得到人（物）；
28. acute[ə'kju:t]a. 尖的, 尖锐的;敏锐的; 敏感的; 精明的; 深刻的;明显的, 剧烈的, 厉害的
29. addition[ə'diʃən] n. 增加；（算数用语）加
30. address[ ə'dres] v.处理；应对；发表演讲；n.地址；
【2025 年新课标I 卷】The people who put the signs in their yards created a real homeowners association
to address climate change in their communities.那些在自家院子里挂上标语的人创建了一个真正的业主协
会，以应对他们社区的气候变化。
31. adequate['ædikwit] a. 足够的;恰当的, 可以胜任的;让人满意的, 尚可的
32. adjustment[ə'ʤʌstmənt] n. 调整，调节
33. admirable['ædmərəbl] a. 可钦佩的, 令人赞赏的, 可惊叹的
34. adolescence[̩̩ˌædəu'lesəns] n.青春期
35. adolescent[̩̩ˌædəu'lesənt] a.&n. 青年期的, 青春期的; 少年；少女
36. adopt[ə'dɔpt] v. 采用, 采纳; 选定;收养, 立嗣
【新课标I 卷】The sport's strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people
with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport.这项运动奇特的形式确实
会给脚踝和臀部带来相当大的压力，有过脚踝和臀部伤病史的人最好谨慎选择该项运动。
37. adore[ə'dɔ:] v. 崇拜;敬爱；敬重;非常喜欢
38. advocate['ædvəkeit] v. 拥护；提倡； 主张; 辩护者; 拥护者; 倡导者; 鼓吹者
39. agenda[ə'ʤendə] n. 议程
40. aggressive[ə'gresiv] a. 侵略的；咄咄逼人的
41. album['ælbəm] n. 相片簿, 邮票簿, 照片簿
42. alcoholic[ˌælkə'hɔlik] a. & n. 含酒精的，含乙醇的;酒精中毒的; 酗酒者
43. algebra['ælgibrə] n. 代数
44. alley['æli] n. 小巷，小径
45. allocate['æləukeit] v. 分配； 配给
46. allowance[ə'lauəns] n. 津贴；补助
47. alongside[ə'lɔŋ'said] ad. 横靠；傍着
48. alternative[ɔ:l'tə:nətiv] a. 二选一的,供选择的；
【北京卷】They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking.相比普通和常
规的思维方式，他们常能给出完全不同的替代方案。
49. altitude['æltitju:d] n. （海拔）高度
50. aluminium[ˌælju:'minjəm] n. 铝
51. amateur['æmətə:] a&n. 业余的;业余爱好者。
52. ambiguous[ˌæm'bigjuəs] a.暧昧的, 不明确的
53. ambition[æm'biʃən] n. 野心；雄心； 企图
54. ample['æmpl] a. 充足的；充分的
55. anchor['æŋkə] v.&n.抛锚；停泊 使稳固；
56. ancient['einʃənt]a.古代的；远古的；
【2025 新课标II 卷】The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town. It’s also home to an
ancient library. 赫里福德大教堂是城里最宏伟的建筑，它还拥有一个古老的图书馆。
57. anecdote['ænikdəut] n. 趣闻；逸事
58. anniversary[ˌæni'və:səri] n. 周年纪念
59. annual['ænjuəl] a.&n. 每年的；一年一次的;
60. antique[æn'ti:k] n. 古董；古代文物
61. apart[ə'pa:t] ad.&a.相隔, 相距; 分别,离开;
62. apparent[ə'pærənt] a. 明显的； 显而易见的；
63. appeal[ə'pi:l] v&n. 请求, 呼吁, 上诉, 吸引力, 要求/vi.求助, 诉请, 要求
64. appendix[ə'pendiks] n. 附属物, 附件,附录;
65. appetite['æpitait] n. 食欲；胃口
66. applaud[ə'plɔ:d] v&n. 鼓掌, 欢呼或喝采(以示赞许等) 夸奖, 称赞
67. applicant['æplikənt] n.请求人, 申请人; 应征人
68. appoint[ə'pɔint] v.委派, 任命;指定; 约定, 决定
69. appreciation[əˌpri:ʃi'eiʃən] n. 欣赏； 感激
【新课标II 卷】His son, age 15, who had taken an art appreciation class, thought that there was something
unusual about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair.他15 岁的儿子上过一门艺术欣赏课，他认为其
中一幅画有点不寻常，那幅画中有一个年轻女孩坐在花园的椅子上。
70. appropriate [ə'prəupriit] a. 正确的；适当的
71. approval [ə'pru:vəl] n. 赞成；赞许
72. approve [ə'pru:v] v. 批准；认可；通过
73. arbitrary ['a:bitrəri] a. 专横的；武断的
74. arch [a:tʃ]n. 拱 ;脚弓
75. architecture ['a:kitektʃə] n.建筑学;建筑术(风格）
【新课标III 卷】After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university
to get a degree in engineering or architecture.毕业后，她打算休一年假，全职当模特，然后上大学，获得
工程学或建筑学的学位。
76. artificial [ˌa:ti'fiʃəl] a. 人造的；人工的
77. assess [ə'ses] v. 估计；估算
78. assessment [ə'sesmənt] n.估算 ;评估，评价
79. assist [ə'sist] v. 帮助；支援
80. assistance [ə'sistəns] n. 帮助，协助
【2024 年1 月浙江卷】I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent.
我打电话目录，找到了我们女房东的管理代理。
81. associate [ə'səuʃieit] v. 结交；结伙；联合 联想
82. assume [ə'sju:m] v.假定, 设想;担任; 承担;
83. assumption [ə'sʌmpʃən] n. 假定; 设想; 假说;采取, 承担
84. athletic [æθ'letik] a.运动的;运动员的;强壮的;
【2021·新高考I 卷】The place wasn't entirely authentic, though.不过，这个地方并不完全正宗。
85. attain [ə'tein]v. 获得; 达到; 完成; 实现
86. authentic [ɔ:'θentik] a. 真的；真正的
87. authority [ɔ:'θɔriti] n. 权威；威信;权威人士;权力；职权
88. autonomous [ɔ:'tɔnəməs] a. 自治(权)的; 自主的
89. awesome ['ɔ:səm] a. 令人敬畏的,令人惊叹的
90. awkward ['ɔ:kwəd]a.笨拙的; 尴尬的;;
字母b 开头
1. ban [bæn] n/v.取缔, 查封, 禁止；禁止, 禁令
2. bacterium (复bacteria) [bæk'tiəriəm] n. 细菌
3. bakery ['beikəri] n. 面包店
4. balcony ['bælkəni] n. 阳台；楼座
5. bandage ['bændiʤ] n. 绷带
6. barbershop [ba:bə'ʃɔp] n. 理发店
7. barrier ['bæriə] n. 栅栏，屏障；障碍；隔阂；
8. behalf [bi'ha:f]n. 利益; 便利; 援助 方面
9. bent [bent] a.&n. 弯曲的;弯形，弯度
10. betray [bi'trei] v. 出卖；背叛 泄露；显露
11. bid [bid] v.& n.出价, 投标, 祝愿, 命令, 吩咐
12. bingo ['biŋgəu] n. 宾果游戏
13. biochemistry ['baiəu'kemistri] n.生化,生物化学
14. biography [bai'ɔgrəfi] n. 传记
15. bishop ['biʃəp]n. 主教
16. bless [bles] v. 祝福；祈祷
17. bond [bɔnd] n.&v. 结合(物), 粘结(剂), 联结, 公债, 债券, 合同 v.结合
18. boom [bu:m] n.&v. 隆隆响; 繁荣；景气; 增长；
19. booth [bu:θ] n. 货摊；公用电话亭
20. botanical [bə'tænikəl] a. 植物的； 植物学的
【全国卷】She was a frustrated botanical scientist.她是一名失意的植物学科学家。
21. bounce [bauns] v. (使)反跳, 弹起, (指支票)被银行退票, 弹跳n.(球)跳起, 弹回
22. bound [baund] a.被束缚的; 肯定的,被迫的;
23. boundary ['baundəri] n. 界线；边界
24. boycott ['bɔikət]v. 联合抵制, 联合排斥某国货物或与某国绝交
25. breakthrough ['breik'θru:]n. 突破
26. breed [bri:d]v.生育; 繁殖；饲养, 培养
27. brochure [brəu'ʃjuə] n. 小册子, 说明书, 手册
28. brunch [brʌntʃ] n. 早午餐
29. Buddhism ['budizəm]n. 佛教; 佛法
30. budget 预算; 政府预算案
31. buffet ['bʌfit] n. 打击；冲击; 自助餐
32. bungalow ['bʌŋgələu]n. 平房
33. burden ['bə:dn]n. 负荷；负担；;v.给予麻烦
字母c 开头
1.
cab [kæb]n. （美）出租车
2.
cafeteria ['kæfi'tiəriə] n. 自助餐厅
3.
calculate ['kælkjuleit]v. 计算, 考虑, 计划, 打算
4.
campaign [kæm'pein] n.& v. [军]战役, (政治或商业性)活动, 竞选运动
5.
candidate ['kændidit]n. 候选人; 候缺者;
6.
capsule ['kæpsju:l] n. 胶囊; 太空舱
7.
caption ['kæpʃən]n. 标题，说明, 字幕
8.
carbon ['ka:bən]n. 碳 ;复写纸, 副本；复写的副本
9.
carrier ['kæriə]n.运送者, 邮递员, 带菌者
10. carve [ka:v]v. 雕刻, 切开
11.
cast(cast, cast ) [ka:st] v. 投，扔，抛；浇铸
12. casual ['kæʒjuəl]a. 偶然的, 碰巧的;临时的,不小心的, 疏忽的, 漫不经心的
13. catalogue ['kætəlɔg]n. 目录
14. catastrophe [kə'tæstrəfi]n. 大灾难；异常的灾祸
15. category ['kætigəri]n. 种类；类目；部属；类别
【2021 全国乙卷】I think my home falls into that category. 我想我家就属于这一类。
16. cater ['keitə]v. 备办食物, 满足(需要), 投合
17. catholic ['kæθəlik]n. 天主教徒 a.天主教的
18. caution ['kɔ:ʃən]n.&v. 警告；告诫; 谨慎；小心
19. cell [sel] n （监狱的）单人牢房；（修道院等的）单人小室；小蜂窝，蜂房；［生物］ 细胞
20. certificate [sə'tifikit]n. 证书，证件，执照
21. changeable ['tʃeinʤəbl] a.易变的，变化无常的
22. chaos ['keiɔs]n. 混乱, 混沌
23. characteristic [ˌkæriktə'ristik] a.&n. 表示特性的；典型的；特有的
24. cheers [tʃiəz] int. 欢呼； 喝彩
25. choir ['kwaiə] n. 唱诗班； 歌唱队
26. choke [tʃəuk]n.& v. 窒息, 哽住
27. chorus ['kɔ:rəs]n. 合唱, 合唱队, 齐声
28. Christian ['kristjən]n. 基督徒, 信徒adj.基督教的,
29. circuit ['sə:kit] n. 电路, 一圈, 周游, 巡回
30. circulate ['sə:kjuleit] v. (使)流通, (使)运行, (使)循环, (使)传播
31. circumstance ['sə:kəmstəns] n. 环境, 详情, 境况
32. civilian [si'viljən] n. 平民
33. clarify ['klærifai]v. 解释；澄清；阐明
34. classify ['klæsifai]v. 分类；归类；把…分等级
35. clay [klei] n. 黏土；泥土
36. click [klik] v.发出滴答声, 使发出卡嗒声；n.滴答声
37. clumsy ['klʌmzi] a. 行动笨拙的；手脚不灵活的
38. coincidence [kəu'insidəns] n. 巧合；巧合的事
【新课标II 卷】I still can’t believe what a coincidence it was.我仍然无法相信，它是多么巧合。
39. colleague ['kɔli:g]n. 同事；同僚
40. collection [kə'lekʃən]n. 收藏, 征收, 搜集品, 捐款
41. collision [kə'liʒən] n. 碰撞；冲突；互撞事件
42. commercial [kə'mə:ʃəl]a. 商业的, 贸易的
43. commit [kə'mit]v. 犯(错误), 干(坏事), 把...交托
44. commitment [kə'mitmənt] n.委托事项, 许诺, 承担义务
45. communism ['kɔmjunizm]n. 共产主义
46. communist ['kɔmjunist]n. 共产主义者 a. 共产党的；共产主义的
47. compass ['kʌmpəs] n 罗盘, 指南针,圆规
48. compensate ['kɔmpənseit]v. 偿还, 补偿, 付报酬
49. competence ['kɔmpətəns]n. 能力
50. complex ['kɔmpleks]a.& n.复杂的, 合成的, 综合的
51. component [kəm'pəunənt] n. 成分
52. compromise ['kɔmprəmaiz]v. 妥协；和解；折衷
53. compulsory [kəm'pʌlsəri] a.强制的，义务的，必修的
54. concrete ['kɔnkri:t]a. 具体的；实在的；有形的
55. condemn [kən'dem]v. 谴责；反对
56. confidential [kɔnfi'denʃəl]a. 机密的；秘密的
57. conflict ['kɔnflikt]n. 战争；战斗；冲突
58. conscience ['kɔnʃəns]n. 良心, 道德心
59. consensus [kən'sensəs]n. 多数人的意见；舆论
60. conversation [ˌkɔn'və:seiʃən]n. 谈话，交谈
61. conservative [kən'sə:vətiv] a. 保守的，守旧的
62. considerate [kən'sidərit]a. 体贴的；考虑周到的
63. consistent [kən'sistənt]a. 一致的, 调和的, 坚固的
64. constitution [ˌkɔnsti'tju:ʃən] n.宪法, 构造；体格；
65. He has a weak constitution. 他体质弱。
66. construct [kən'strʌkt]v. 建造；构筑
67. consultant [kən'sʌltənt]n. 顾问
68. consume [kən'sju:m]v. 消耗；消费；花费
69. container [kən'teinə]n.容器；集装箱
70. contradict [kɔntrə'dikt]v. 同…矛盾；同…抵触
71. contradictory [ˌkɔntrə'diktəri]a.反驳的, 反对的,
72. controversial[ˌkɔntrə'və:ʃəl]a.引起争论的,有争议的
73. conventional [kən'venʃənl] a. 惯例的, 常规的, 习俗的, 传统的
【北京卷】Conventional monitors are more reliable.传统的显示器更可靠。
74. convey [kən'vei]v. 搬运, 传达, 转让
75. convince [kən'vins] v. 使确信, 使信服
76. correspond [kɔris'pɔnd]vi. 一致；与……相当；(与人)通信，有书信往来
77. corrupt [kə'rʌpt]a.& v. 腐败的， 堕落的，受贿
78. crash [kræʃ ]v.& n. 碰撞, 坠毁, 撞击声, 爆裂声
79. crew [kru:]n. 全体船员
80. criterion (pl. criteria) [krai'tiəriən]n. 标准，尺度
81. cubic ['kju:bik]a. 立方体立方体的，立方形的
82. cuisine [kwi:'zi:n]n. 厨房烹调法, 烹饪
83. currency ['kʌrənsi]n. 货币；现金
84. curriculum [kə'rikjuləm]n. 课程
85. cushion ['kuʃən]n. 垫子 v. 缓和；减轻（压力）
86. customs [kʌstəmz]n. 海关，关税
知识点2 首字母d~j
字母d 开头
1.
dam [dæm]n. 水坝，堰堤
2.
dash [dæʃ]v. & n. 快跑，冲刺，短跑
3.
database ['deitəbeis]n. 资料库，数据库
4.
debate [di'beit]n. & v.讨论，辩论
5.
decade ['dekeid]n. 十年, 十年期间
6.
decline [di'klain]v. 下倾, 下降, 下垂，倾斜, 偏斜
7.
The empire has declined. 业已衰落的帝国
8.
decoration [dekə'reiʃən]n. 装饰，修饰
9.
delete [di'li:t]v.& n 删除；消去
10. deliberately[di'libərətli] ad.谨慎地，故意地
11.
delicate['delikit] a. 易损的；易破碎的；纤细的
12. deliver[di'livə] vt. 投递（信件，邮包等）
13. departure[di'pa:tʃə] n. 离开，启程
【浙江卷】Finally, the moment of our departure arrive. 最后，我们出发的时刻到了。
14. deposit [di'pɔzit]v.& n. 堆积物, 沉淀物, 存款, 押金, 保证金, 存放物
15. depth[depθ] n. 深，深度
16. desperate['despərit] a.孤注一掷的, 极其渴望的；令人绝望的
17. destination[ˌdesti'neiʃən] n. 目的地；终点
18. diagram['daiəgræm] n. 图表；图解
19. digital['diʤitl] a. 数字的
20. dignity['digniti] n.高贵；尊贵; 威严；尊严
21. dilemma[di'lemə] n. 进退两难之境；困境
22. dimension[di'menʃən] n. 尺寸（度）, 维(数), 度(数),
23. dioxide[dai'ɔksaid] n. 二氧化物
24. diploma[di'pləumə] n. 文凭；毕业证书
25. directory[di'rekətri] n. 姓名地址录
26. discourage[dis'kʌriʤ] vt. （使）气馁；打消念头）
27. discrimination[disˌkrimi'neiʃən] n. 歧视
28. disgusting[dis'gʌstiŋ] a. 令人厌恶的
29. distribute['distribju:t] v. 分发, 分配, 散布, 分类,
30. disturbing[di'stə:biŋ] a. 烦扰的
31. diverse[dai'və:s] v. 不同的; 多变化的
32. dizzy['dizi] a. 头眩目晕的
33. donate[dəu'neit] v.捐赠, 赠予
34. dot[dɔt] n.&v. 点，小点，圆点
35. draft[dra:ft] n.&v. 草稿, 草案, 草图; 设计；
36. drawback['drɔ:ˌbæk] n.缺点, 障碍
【天津卷】】The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and
less.
成为专家的缺点是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越多。
37. due[dju:] a.应得的, 应付的, 正当的, 预期的, (车、船预定)应到的
38. dull[dʌl] a. 迟钝的, 无趣的, 呆滞的, 阴暗的
39. dynamic[dai'næmik] a. 动力的；有活力的
40. dynasty['dainəsti] n. 皇室 朝代
字母e 开头
1.
ecology[i'kɔləʤi] n. 生态学
2.
edition[i'diʃən] n. （发行物的）版，版（本）
3.
elegant['eligənt] adj.文雅的, 端庄的, 雅致的
4.
ending['endiŋ] n. 结局；结尾，最后
5.
enquiry[in'kwaiəri] n. 询问
6.
enterprise['entəpraiz] n.企业, 事业,事业心;
7.
equality[i'kwɔliti] n. 平等
8.
erupt[i'rʌpt] v. 喷出 爆发
9.
evaluate[i'væljueit] v. 评价, 估计
【新课标I 卷】It evaluates the writer-reader relationship. 它评估作者与读者之间的关系。
10. eventually[i'ventʃueili] ad. 事件，大事 最终地
11.
He worked so hard that eventually he made himself ill. 他工作太卖力，最后自己病倒了。
12. evident['evidənt] a. 明显的
13. It's evident that you are tired. 显然你累了。
14. evolution[ˌi:və'lu:ʃən] n. 进展, 发展, 演变, 进化
15. expand[iks'pænd] vt.使膨胀, 扩张vi.张开, 发展
16. explicit[iks'plisit] a.明析的; 明确的, 清楚的;
17. explore[iks'plɔ:] v.&n. 探险, 探测, 探究
18. expose[iks'pəuz] v. 使暴露, 受到, 使曝光
【新课标I 卷】The engineers are also trying to develop an on-and-off “switch” where the glow would
fade when exposed to daylight.工程师们还试图研制一种间断式“开关”，当暴露在日光下时，光照会逐
渐
消
失
。
19. extension[iks'tenʃən] n. 延伸，延伸部分；增大部分
字母f 开头
1.
fancy[fænsi] a. 奇特的, 异样的vt.想象, 认为, 爱好, 自负n. 爱好, 想象力
2.
fantasy[fæntəsi] n. 幻想, 白日梦
3.
feast[fi:st] n.&v. 宴会；筵席; 赴宴；享受美食
4.
federal[fedərəl] a. 联邦的；联邦制的
5.
ferry[feri] n. 渡船；渡口
6.
fibre (美fiber)[faibə] n. 纤维质
7.
fiction n. 虚构的作品；小说；编造；虚构；想象
8.
finance[fainæns] n. 财政, 金融, 财政学 vt.供给...经费, 负担经费
9.
fingernail[fiŋə'neil] n. 指甲
10. fireworks[faiəwə:ks] n. 焰火
11.
flee(fled, fled)[fli:] v. 逃走
The cat fled from the dog. 猫从狗那里逃走了。
12. flexible[]fleksibl a. 易弯曲的,灵活的；有伸缩性的
13. fluency[fluənsi] n. 流利, 流畅, 雄辩
14. foresee (saw, seen)[fɔ:si:] vt. 预见； 预知
15. format['fɔ:mæt] n. 开本, 版式, 形式, 格式
16. fountain['fauntin] n. 喷泉
17. fragile['fræʤil] a. 易碎的；易坏的
18. fragrant['freigrənt] a. 香的；芬芳的
19. framework['freimwə:k] n. 骨架；支架
20. frontier['frʌntjə] n. 国境, 边疆, 边境
21. fundamental[ˌfʌndə'mentl] a.基础的；；根本的
22. funeral['fju:nərəl] n. 葬礼；不愉快的事；
23. furnished['fə:niʃ] a. 配备了家具的
字母g 开头
1.
gallery['gæləri] n. 画廊；美术品陈列室
2.
garment['ga:mənt] n. 衣服, 外衣, 外表
3.
gay[gei] a. （男）同性恋的；快活的，愉快的
4.
geometry[ʤi'ɔmitri] n. 几何学
5.
glare[glɛə] v. 瞪眼；怒目而视；闪耀
6.
grand[grænd] a. 雄伟的；壮丽的；盛大的
7.
graph[gra:f] n. 曲线图；座标图；图解
8.
gravity['græviti] n. 地心引力, 重力
9.
grill[gril]n. v. 烤，烤问，n. 烤架
10. grocer['grəusə] n. 零售商人；食品店
11. guarantee[ˌgærən'ti:] v.&n. 保证书;担保；保证
字母h 开头
1.
handful['hændful] n. （一）把；少数，少量
2.
hardship['ha:dʃip] n. 困难，艰苦 困难境地；
3.
hatch[hætʃ] v. 孵化, 舱口, 舱口盖
4.
headline['hedlain] n. 大字标题
5.
helmet[helmit] n. 头盔，钢盔
6.
herb[hə:b] n. 草本植物;香草；药草
7.
hook[huk] n.& v. 钩子；衔接，连接
8.
howl[haul] vi. 嚎叫，嚎哭
9.
hurricane['hʌrikən n. 飓风，十二级风
10. hydrogen['haidrəuʤən] n. 〈化〉氢
字母i 开头
1.
identification[aiˌdentifi'keiʃən] n. 认明；识别；鉴定
2.
ignore[ig'nɔ:] v. 不理睬；忽视
3.
immigration[ˌimi'greiʃən] n. 移居; 移民入境
4.
import[im'pɔ:t] v.& n. 进口，输入
5.
initial[i'niʃəl] a. 开始的，最初的
6.
institution[ˌinsti'tju:ʃən] n. (慈善、宗教等性质的)公共机构； 学校；风俗；习惯；制度
7.
insure[in'ʃuə] vt. 给……保险
8.
interval['intəvəl] n. 间歇；间隔
9.
irrigation[ˌiri'geiʃən] n. 灌溉
字母j 开头
1.
jet[ʤet] n. 喷气式飞机；喷射（器）
2.
jog[ʤɔg] v. 慢跑
3.
jungle['ʤʌŋgl] n. 丛林，密林
知识点3 首字母l~s
字母l 开头
1.
lantern['læntən] n. 灯笼；提灯
2.
laundry['lɔ:ndri] n. 洗衣店；要洗的衣服
3.
league[li:g] n. 联盟，社团
4.
liberty['libəti] n. 自由
5.
lounge[launʤ] n.休息室 v.懒洋洋地靠（或坐）着
字母m 开头
1.
maid[meid] n. 女仆； 侍女
2.
marathon['mærəθən] n. 马拉松
3.
marble['ma:bl] n. 大理石；玻璃弹子
4.
mask[ma:sk] n. 口罩；面具；遮盖物 v. 戴面具；掩饰；伪装
5.
mass[mæs] n. 众多；大量；（复）群众
6.
mature[mə'tjuə] a. 成熟的；理智的
7.
media['mi:djə] n. 大众传播媒介
8.
medium['mi:djəm] n. 媒体, 方法, 媒介
9.
melon[melən] n.（甜）瓜；瓜状物
10. memorial[mi:'mɔ:riəl] n. 纪念碑
11.
merchant['mə:tʃənt] a. 商业的； 商人的 n. 商人；
12. merciful['mə:siful] a. 仁慈的； 宽大的
13. merely['miəli] ad. 仅仅，只不过
14. messy['mesi] a. 乱七八糟的
15. microscope['maikrəskəup] n. 显微镜
16. microwave['maikrəuweiv] n. 微波
17. minimum['miniməm] n.& a. 小
18. mist[mist] n. 雾
19. mobile['məubail] a. 活动的，可移动的
20. monument['mɔnjumənt] n. 纪念碑，纪念物
21. motivation[ˌməuti'veiʃən] n.动机的形成; 动力；
22. motto['mɔtəu] n. 箴言，格言
23. mourn[mɔ:n] vt. 哀痛；哀悼
24. mustard['mʌstəd] n. 芥末，芥子粉
25. mutton[mʌtn] n. 羊肉
字母n 开头
1.
nationwide['neiʃənwaid] ad. 全国范围的，全国性的
2.
navy[neivi] n. 海军
3.
negotiate[ni'gəuʃieit] v. 谈判；协商；商谈
4.
noble['nəubl] a. 高贵的，贵族的
5.
novelist ['nəuvilist]n. 小说家
6.
numb[nʌm] a. 失去知觉的；麻木的
7.
nutrition[nju:triʃən] n. 营养；营养学
【新高考II 卷】That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field
for nutrition purposes.这样，养牛人就会知道他们是否需要将牛群转移到另一块场地以获得营养。
字母o 开头
1.
obtain[ɔb'tein] v. 得到，获得
2.
obvious['ɔbviəs] a. 明显的, 显而易见的
3.
occupation[ɔkju:'peiʃən] n.占领；占有; 工作；职业
4.
offence[əfens] n. 冒犯
5.
offshore[ɔf'ʃɔ:] a.（风等)(从海岸)向海面吹的; 离岸的; 近海的; 海面上的
6.
oilfield[ɔilfi:ld] n. 油田
7.
opening['əupeniŋ] n.开, 开放, 开始, 口子, 穴, 通路, 空缺, 机会
8.
opera[ɔpərə] n. 歌剧
9.
oppos[ə'pəuz]e v. 反对； 反抗；对抗
10. optional['ɔpʃənəl] a. 任选的; 随意的; 非强制的
11.
orbit[ɔ:bit] n.轨 道；vi, vt 绕轨道运行，
12. organ['ɔ:gən] n. [乐]风琴, 管风琴, [生物]器官
13. origin['ɔriʤin] n. 起源；开端 ;出身；血统；来历
14. outcome['autkʌm] n. 结果, 成果
15. outline['autlain] n.大纲, 轮廓, 略图, 外形, 要点, 概要vt.描画轮廓, 略述
16. output['autput] n. 产量；产品
17. outspoken[aut'spəukən] a. 直言不讳的；坦率的；
18. outstanding[aut'stændiŋ] a. 杰出的；著名的
She is an outstanding pupil 她是出色的学生
19. outward(s)['autwəd] adv.向外,在外, 表面上n.外表,
20. oval ['əuvəl]n.&ad. 卵形(物); 椭圆运动场(等)
21. overhead['əuvəhed] a. 在头顶上
22. overlook[ˌəuvə'luk] v. 俯瞰，俯视；忽略；
23. overweight['əuvəweit] a. 过重的；超重的
24. ownership['əunəʃip] n. 所有权；所有制；主权
字母p 开头
1. practice ['præktis] n.实践；惯例；业务；v.练习；经常做；从业；
2. practical ['præktikl]adj.实际的；
3. process ['prəuses] n.步骤；程序；v.加工；处理
4. performance[pə'fɔ:məns] n.表演；执行；履行
字母r 开头
1.
racial['reiʃəl] a. 种族的
2.
radiation[ˌreidi'eiʃən] n. 放射，放射物
3.
radioactive['reidiəu'æktiv] a. 放射性的
Radioactive waste is harmful.放射性废物是有害的。
4.
radium['reidjəm] n. 镭
5.
rag[ræg] n. 破布，抹布
6.
rail[reil] n. 铁路
7.
rainbow['reinbəu] n. 虹，彩虹
8.
rainfall['reinfɔ:l] n. 一场雨； 降雨量
9.
random['rændəm] n.随意, 任意adj.任意的, 随便的, 胡乱的adv.胡乱地
10. range[reinʤ] n.& v.山脉, 行列, 范围, 射程; 排列, 归类于, 使并列, 放牧
11.
rare[rɛə] a. 罕见的，稀有的
12. rate[reit] n.比率, 速度, 等级, 价格, 费用vt.估价,
13. raw[rɔ:] a. 生的，未煮过的，未加工的
He ate raw meat 他吃过生肉
14. ray[rei] n. 光辉，光线
15. razor[reizə] n. 剃须刀 v. 用剃刀刮去
16. rebuild['ri:'bild] (rebuilt, rebuilt) vt. 重建
17. receptionist[ri'sepʃənist] n. 接待员
18. recipe['resipi] n. 处方
19. rectangle['rektæŋgl] n.&a.矩形，长方形
20. referee[ˌrefə'ri:] n. 仲裁人, 调解人
21. reference['refrəns] n. 提及, 涉及, 参考, 参考书目, 证明书(人), 介绍信(人)
22. reflect[ri'flekt] v. 反射, 反映, 表现, 反省, 细想
23. refresh[ri'freʃ] v. 消除疲劳；恢复精神
24. regardless[re'ga:dlis] a. 不管, 不顾, 不注意
25. register['reʤistə] n. 登记簿，注册员 v. 登记，注册
26. regulation[regju'leiʃən] n. 规则，规章
27. reject[ri'ʤekt] v. 拒绝
28. relay['ri:lei] n.接力，接替人 v. 接替，补充；转运
29. relevant['relivənt] a. 有关的, 相应的
30. religion[ri'liʤən] n. 宗教
31. religious[ri'liʤəs] a. 宗教的
32. remark[ri'ma:k] v 说 n. 陈述；议论
33. represent[ˌri:pri'zənt] vt. 代表
This painting represents a storm.这幅画描绘暴风雨。
34. representative[ˌrepri'zentətiv] n. 代表 adj.典型的, 有代表性的
35. reputation[ˌrepju'teiʃən] n. 名誉；声望
36. request[ri'kwest] n. 请求，要求的事物
37. resemble[ri'zembl] v. 相似
38. reservation[ˌrezə:'veiʃən] n. 保留；限制;预定
39. reserve[ri'zə:v] n. & v. 储备；预定
40. resign[ri'zain] v. 辞职
He resigned from a job 他辞职了
41. resist[ri'zist] v. 抵抗；挡开
42. restriction[ris'trikʃən] n. 限制
43. rewind[ri:'waind] v. 回转（磁带等）
44. rhyme[raim] n.&v. 押韵词 押韵
45. rid[rid] (rid, rid ;ridded, ridded) vt. 使摆脱
46. ridiculous[ri'dikjuləs] a. 荒唐的；可笑的
47. rigid[riʤid] a. 刚硬的, 刚性的, 严格的
48. ripen[raipən] v. 成熟
49. roll[rəul] v. 滚动, 打滚 n.面包圈；卷状物
50. rooster['ru:stə] n. 雄鸡，公鸡
51. rot[rɔt] vi. 烂； 腐败
52. rough[rʌf] a. 粗糙的，粗略的
53. roundabout['raundəbaut] a. & n. 绕道的，不直接的；转盘路
54. routine[ru:'ti:n] n. 常规；惯例；例行公事
55. royal['rɔiəl] a. 王室的；皇家的; 极大的, 极好的
56. rugby['rʌgbi] n. 橄榄球
字母s 开头
1.
sacred['seikrid] a. 神圣的；与神有关的
2.
sacrifice['sækrifais] vt. 牺牲
3.
salute[sə'lu:t] v.& n. 敬礼
4.
saucer['sɔ:sə] n. 茶碟，茶托，小圆盘
5.
scan[skæn] v. 细看,审视,浏览,扫描
6.
scar[ska:] n.&v. 疤，伤疤
7.
skeptical/sceptical['skeptikəl] a. 怀疑的
8.
scratch[skrætʃ] v.& n.乱写, 刮擦声, 抓痕, 挖出
9.
sculpture['skʌlptʃə] n. 雕刻，雕刻作品，雕像
10. seagull['si:gʌl] n. 海鸥
11.
seashell['si:ʃel] n. 海贝
12. seaweed['si:wi:d] n. 海草，海藻，海带
13. section['sekʃən] n. 段，部分，部门
14. security[si'kjuriti] n. 安全
15. semicircle['semi'sə:kl] n. 半圆
16. seminar['semina:] n. 研究班；研究组
17. separation[sepə'reiʃən] n. 分离，隔离
18. session['seʃən] n. 会 议，会期，开会期
19. settlement['setlmənt] n. 解决, 结算, 殖民, 殖民地
20. settler['setlə] n. 殖民者；移民者
21. severe[si'viə] a. 严厉的； 苛刻的；严格的
22. shabby['ʃæbi] a. 破旧的，破烂的，衣衫褴褛的
23. sharpen['ʃa:pən] v. （使）变锐利，削尖
Debates sharpen one's wits.辩论增长才智。
24. sharpener pencil sharpener n. 削尖的器具，转笔刀
25. shaver['ʃeivə] n. 电动剃须刀
26. shelter['ʃeltə] n. 掩蔽；隐蔽处
27. shrink[ʃriŋk](shrank, shrunk;shrunk,shrunken) v. ）缩小，使变小；短缩
28. shuttle['ʃʌtl] n. （往返与两个定点之间的）（火车、汽车、飞机）班车/机
29. sidewalk/sideroad['saidwɔ:k] （美）人行道 (英pavement)
30. sideway['saidwei] n. 岔路，旁路
31. sideways['saidweiz] ad. 斜向一边的
32. significance[sig'nifikəns] n. 重要； 意义；价值
33. sincerely[sin'siəli] ad. 真诚地
34. skateboard['skeit'bɔ:d] n. 冰鞋，滑板
35. skip[skip] v.跳绳;跳过
36. skyscraper['skaiskreipə] n. 摩天楼
37. slice[slais] n.&v. 片，切面（薄）片
I sliced the bread. 我把面包切成片。
38. slide[slaid] n. 幻灯片，滑道 v. 滑行，滑动
39. slim[slim] a. 苗条的，纤细的
40. slip[slip] n.纸条; v.滑落；跌跤
41. smog[smɔg] n. 烟雾(= smoke + fog)
42. sneaker['sni:kə] n. （复）轻便运动鞋（美）
43. sneeze[sni:z] v. 打喷嚏
44. sniff[snif] v. 用力吸, 嗅, 闻到, 发觉, 轻视, 吸气
45. sob[sɔb] n.& v. 抽泣，啜泣
46. socket['sɔkit] n. 承物的凹处；插座；窝，孔
47. solar['səulə] a. 太阳的；来自太阳的；关于太阳的
48. souvenirs['su:vəniə] n. （旅游）纪念品，纪念物
49. sow[sau] (sowed, sown 或 ed) vt. 播种
50. spade[speid] n. 铲子；纸牌中的黑桃
51. spear[spiə] n. 矛，枪，梭镖
52. specialist['speʃəlist] n. （医学）专家，专科医生；专家；专业人员
53. specific[spi'sifik] a.详细而精确的, 明确的, 特殊的,
54. spin[spin] v.& n. 纺，（使）快速旋转；旋转，旋转运动
55. spiritual['spiritjuəl] a. 精神的； 心灵的
56. sponsor['spɔnsə] n.&v. 发起人, 主办者, 保证人
57. spoonful['spu:nful] n. 一匙（的量）
58. spray[sprei] n. v. 水雾，喷雾（器） 喷洒
59. squeeze[skwi:z] n.压榨, 挤 v.压榨, 挤, 挤榨
Don't squeeze the kitten, you will hurt it.不要紧捏那小猫，你会伤害它的。
60. stable['steibl] a. 固定的；稳定的；不动摇的
61. Is that ladder stable? 那架梯子平稳吗？
62. staff[sta:f] n. 棒, 杆, 支柱, 全体职员
63. stain[stein] n. 污点, 瑕疵
64. stainless['steinlis] a. 纯洁的, 无瑕疵的, 不锈的
65. starvation[sta:'veiʃən] n. 饥饿； 饿死
66. statesman['steitsmən] (pl.statemen) n. 政治家
67. statistics[stə'tistiks] n. 统计学, 统计表
68. steady['stedi] a. 稳固的, 稳定的, 坚定的
69. steward['stjuəd] n. (火车、飞机、轮船等)男服务员；
70. stewardess['stjuə:dis] n. 女乘务员, 空中小姐
71. stocking['stɔkiŋ] n. 长统袜
72. storage['stɔriʤ] n. 贮藏； 储存
73. stout[staut] a. 肥重的；肥胖的
74. straightforward[streit'fɔ:wəd] a.&adv. 正直的, 坦率的, 简单的, 易懂的, 直接了当的
75. strengthen['streŋθən] vt. 加强，增强
76. string[striŋ] n. 细绳，线，带
77. stubborn['stʌbən] a. 坚决的；坚定的； 倔强的
78. style[stail] n. 文体；风格
79. subjective[sub'ʤektiv] a. 隶属的；受支配的；易受……的；vt. 使隶属；使服从
80. submit[səb'mit] v. (使)服从, 提出，提交
81. subscribe[səb'skraib] v. 捐款, 订阅
82. substitute['sʌbstitju:t] n.&v. 替代人；替代；
83. suck[sʌk] vt. 吸吮
84. suffering['sʌfəriŋ] n. 痛苦，苦难
85. suite[swi:t] n. 套间；组曲
86. sunburnt['sʌnbə:nt] a. 晒黑的
87. superb[sju:'pə:b] a. 完美的；上乘的；美妙的
88. superior[sju:'piəriə] n.长者, 高手, 上级adj.较高的, 上级的, 上好的, 出众的, 高傲的
89. supreme[sju:'pri:m] a. 极度的, 极大的, 至高的, 最高的
90. surplus['sə:pləs] n. 剩余, 过剩
91. surgeon['sə:ʤən] n. 外科医生
92. suspension[səs'penʃən] n. 悬挂；悬浮
93. swap[swɔp] v. 交换
94. swear[swɛə](swore, sworn ) v. 发誓，起誓
95. sweep[swi:p](swept,swept) v. 扫除，扫
96. swift[swift] a. 快的，迅速的
97. swing[swiŋ] vt. 挥舞，摆动 n. 秋千
98. sympathy['simpəθi] n. 同情, 同情心
99. symphony['simfəni] n. 交响乐, 交响曲
100. symptom['simptəm] n. 征兆，征候
101. systematic[ˌsisti'mætik] a.系统的, 体系的
知识点4 首字母t~z
字母t 开头
1.
tablet['tæbit] n. 药片; 碑，匾
2.
tailor['teilə] n. 裁缝
3.
talent['tælənt] n. 故事 谣言；流言
4.
target[ta:git] n.&v. 目标, 对象, 靶子
5.
taxpayer['tæksˌpeiə] n. 纳税人
6.
tease[ti:z] v. 揶揄, 戏弄, 逗惹
7.
technical['teknikəl] a. 技术的，工艺的
8.
technique[tek'ni:k] n. 技术； 技巧，方法
9.
temporary['tempərəri] a.暂时的, 临时的, n.临时工
10. tendency['tendəsi] n. 倾向；脾性；修养；
11.
tension['tenʃən] n. 张拉度，绷紧度
12. tentative['tentətiv] a. 试探性的；尝试的；暂定的
13. terminal[tə:minəl] a. （火车，汽车，飞机的）终点站; adj.晚期的，不治的
14. theft[θeft] n. 盗窃案
15. theme[θi:m] n. 题目；主题；话题
16. thermos['θə:mɔs] n. 热水瓶
17. thrill[θril] n.&v. 发抖；兴奋；激动；胆战心惊；
18. thriller['θrilə] n.使人毛骨悚然的东西(小说等）
19. thunderstorm['θʌndəstɔ:m] n. 雷电交加的暴风雨
20. tight[tait] a. 绷紧的, 紧密的
21. tissue[tisju] n. 薄的纱织品, 薄纸, 棉纸
22. tolerate['tɔlereit] v. 容忍；宽容；纵容
23. tortoise['tɔ:təs] n. 乌龟
24. tournament['tuənəmənt] n. 比赛；竞赛；锦标赛
25. tram[træm] n. 有轨电车, 电车轨道,
26. transform[træns'fɔ:m] v.转换, 改变, 使...变形
27. transparent[træns'pɛənt] a.透明的, 显然的,明晰的
28. tremble['trembl] v. 颤抖
29. trend[trend] n. 趋势，趋向
30. trial['trail] n. 审判； 试验； 试用
31. troublesome['trʌblsəm] a. 令人烦恼的； 讨厌的
32. trunk[trʌŋk] n. 树干；大箱子
33. tube['tju:b] n.管, 管子, [英] 地铁
34. tune[tju:n] n. 调子，曲调；旋律；
35. turkey['tə:ki] n. 火鸡
36. twist[twist] v.& n. 卷；捻；搓
37. typhoon[tai'fu:n] n. 台风
字母u 开头
1.
unbearable[ʌn'bɛərəbl] a. 不能忍受的
2.
unconditional['ʌnkən'diʃənəl] a.无条件的；绝对的
3.
unconscious[ʌn'kɔnʃəs] a. 失去知觉的
4.
undertake[ˌʌndə'teik](undertook, undertaken ) v.承担; 接受; 承办
5.
underwear['ʌndəwɛə] n. 内衣
6.
unemployment['ʌnim'plɔimənt] n. 失业，失业状态
7.
unique[ju:'ni:k] a. 唯一的，独一无二的
8.
universal[ˌju:ni'və:səl] a. 普遍的, 全体的, 通用的, 宇宙的, 世界的
9.
unlike['ʌn'laik] prep. 不像，和……不同
10. unrest['ʌn'rest] n. 不安；骚动
11.
update[p'deit] v.& n.更新，使跟上时代，使现代化
12. urban['ə:bən] a. 城市的
13. urge[ə:ʤ] v. 催促, 力劝
14. urgent['ə:dənt] a. 紧迫的；非常重要
字母v 开头
1.
vacant['veikənt] a. 空的, 空白的, 空灵的, 头脑空虚的, 神情茫然的, 空闲的, 空缺的
2.
vague[veig] a. 糊的，不清楚的；含糊的
3.
vain[vein] n.& adj.无效的,自负的；爱虚荣的
4.
valid['vælid] a. 有效的，正当的
5.
valley['væli] n. 山谷, 溪谷
6.
variety[və'raiəti] n. 种种，种类
7.
version['və:ʃən] n. 译文, 译本, 翻译
8.
vertical['və:tikəl]a. 垂 直的
9.
Walls are usually vertical.墙通常是垂直的。
10. via['vaiə] prep. 经由，途经
11.
vice[vais] n.恶习, 恶行, 坏脾气, 罪恶prep.代替
12. victim['viktim] n. 牺牲品；受害者
13. videophone['vidiəufəun] n. 可视电话
14. violate['vaiəleit] v. 违犯；违反；破坏
15. violence['vaiələns] n. 暴力行为
16. violinist['vaiəlinist] n. 提琴家，提琴手
17. virtue['və:tju:] n. 美德，正直的品行，德行
18. virus['vaiərəs] n. 病毒
19. visa['vi:zə] n. 签证，背签
20. vital['vaitl] a. 极为重要的；关系重大的
21. vivid['vivid] a. 生动的, 鲜明的, 鲜艳的, 清晰的, 活泼的, 逼真的
22. voluntary['vɔləntəri] a. 自愿的；自发的；志愿的
23. volunteer[vɔlən'tiə] n.& v. 志愿;志愿者
字母w 开头
1.
wag[wæg] v. 摇摆, 摇动, 饶舌
2.
walnut['wɔ:lnət] n. 核桃，胡桃
3.
ward[wɔ:d] n. 病房，病室；监房
4.
warehouse['wɛəhaus] n. 仓库；货栈
5.
warmth[wɔ:mθ] n. 温暖；热情，热烈
6.
wax[wæks] n. 蜡, 蜡状物
7.
Candles are made from wax. 蜡烛是蜡做的。
8.
weed[wi:d] n.&v. 野草, 杂草
9.
weep[wi:p] v. 流泪; 哭泣
10. welfare[welfɛə] n. 幸福；健康 福利
11.
widow['widəu] n. 寡妇
12. wipe[waip] v. 擦, 揩, 擦去
13. withdraw[wið'drɔ:] v. 收回, 撤消
14. witness['witnis] n. 目击者, 证据, 证词vt.目击, 为...作证, 证明
15. woollen['wulin] a. 羊毛制的
16. worn[wɔ:n] a. 用旧的, 疲倦的
17. worthwhile['wə:ð'wail] a. 值得做的, 值得出力的
18. worthy['wə:ði] a. 有价值的, 值得的, 相称的
19. wrestle['resl] v. 与…搏斗；把…摔倒
20. wrinkle['riŋkl] n.&v. 皱纹
字母y 开头
1.
yawn[jɔ:n] v. 打呵欠
2.
yell[jel] v. 叫喊，大声叫
字母z 开头
1. zipper['zipə] n. 拉链
2. zone[zəun] n. 区域；范围
3. zoom[zu:m] n. 急速上升, 陡直上升, 缩放v.突然扩大, 急速上升, 摄象机移动
得分速记
1.
突破难点，提高阅读能力。
2.
分类背诵话题高频词。
3.
熟练掌握同义替换词。
考向 考查词汇及句意理解
例1 （2025 年新高考II 卷） “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow
yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be
invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says.
【难词】
1. practice n. 常规；实践；习俗；训练；工作；诊所,事务所 v. 练习
2. sustain vt. 维持；支撑，支持；遭受，忍受；供养
3. invest v. 投资；投入（时间/精力等）；授予
【译文】“医生行医，律师执业，你应该允许自己从事维持植物生长所需的实践。照料植物是一种耐心和
学习的过程。投入精力去照顾它，但如果它死了，再去找一株吧，”德特里尼达说。
例2 (2024 年新高考Ⅰ卷）In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and
citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of
photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of
species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
【难词】
1. document n. 文件；（计算机）文档 v. 记录；用文件证明
2. extinct adj. 灭绝的；废除了的；（火山）死的
3. biodiversity n. 生物多类状态，生物多样性
4. detecting n. 探测，检定，检波 v. 发现，发觉，查明( detect 的现在分词 )
【译文】在为地球物种赶拍灭绝前的最后记录这场竞赛中，科研人员和民间科学家已累计收集了数十亿份
数据。如今，生物多样性记录大多以照片、视频等数字影像形式存在。虽然这类记录能有效监测特定区域
物种数量与种类的变化趋势，但斯坦福大学最新研究发现，这种记录方式并非完美无缺。
【变式训练1·变载体】（2025·湖北省高中名校联盟第二次联合测评）When Mammola and Ficetola went to
an ecology conference in 2021, they met a scientist with an unusual complaint. Jennifer Anderson, an expert in
aquatic fungi(水生真菌), said that the subject of her research was not available in emoji(表情符号) form. “If
you are doing the important work of trying to save whales, you can use pictures or images to help you communicate
this,” said Anderson. “If you are working to save the aquatic fungi, you first must let people know that they exist,
and then describe in words what they look like.”
What did Anderson complain about?
A．Lack of available emojis for aquatic fungi.
B．People’s disinterest in studying aquatic fungi.
C．People’s unwillingness to save aquatic fungi.
D．Difficulty in describing aquatic fungi in words.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Jennifer Anderson, an expert in aquatic fungi(水生真菌), said that the
subject of her research was not available in emoji(表情符号) form. (Jennifer Anderson，一位水生真菌专家，说
她的研究对象没有可用的表情符号形式。)”可知，Anderson 不满的是她的研究对象缺乏表情符号，故选A
项。
【变式训练2·变情景】 （2025 年河南省三门峡市期中）When Sarah Wishnia received an iPad from her
daughter, she didn’t even know how to open the thing. Max Rosenblum showed her how to socialize on
Facebook and how to shop on Amazon with her new device.
What happened to Sarah when she received the iPad from her daughter?
A．She had no interest in opening it.
B．She had no idea how to use it.
C．She felt quite disappointed with it.
D．She showed it to Max Rosenblum.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“When Sarah Wishnia received an iPad from her daughter, she didn’t even
know how to open the thing. (当Sarah Wishnia 从她女儿那里收到一台iPad 时，她甚至不知道如何打开这个东
西。)”可知，Sarah 收到女儿的iPad 时不知道怎么打开它，也就是不知道如何使用，故选B 项。
考点二 阅读理解话题分类重难词汇
知识点1 科技创新类词汇
1.
abandoned adj.废弃的
2.
accessible 可进入/使用的
3.
Artificial General Intelligence 通用人工智能
4.
assign v.分配,指派 赋值
5.
biology n.生物学
6.
carbon n.碳,灯芯,复写纸
7.
circumstance n．条件，环境
8.
chemicals n. 化学药品
9.
complicated adj.复杂的；难处理的
10. dispose of 丢弃
11.
environmentally friendly 环保的
12. essential adj. 基本的；根本的 n. 必需品；基本知识
13. digital adj.数字的,电子的
14. dimension n.容积n.范围;方面
15. electrical adj.电的,电气科学的
16. electronic adj.电子的;电子操纵的
17. element 成分,元素,基本原理
18. evolution n.进化，发展，进展
19. emission n. 发出；排放（物）
20. forthcoming adj. 即将到来的
21. formula n.公式;adj.方程式的
22. graph n.图表v.用图表表示
23. intelligence n.理解力，智力，情报
24. infinite adj.无限的,无穷的n.无限
25. informative adj. 提供信息的
26. logical adj 符合逻辑的
27. mechanical adj.机械的,呆板的
28. mathematics n.数学
29. statistic n.统计数值
30. measurement n.测量,衡量,尺寸,大小
31. monitor v. 监控 n. 监测仪器
32. navigation n.航行，航海，导航
33. optical adj 视觉的,光学的
34. pesticide n. 杀虫剂，农药
35. precise adj.精确的,准确的,认真的
36. psychological adj.心理(学)的
37. phenomenon n.现象，非凡的人或事物
38. revolution n. 革命；变革
39. solar adj.太阳的,太阳能的
40. solid adj.固体的n.固体,实心
41. sustainability n.持续性，永续性
42. sidelined v. 使退出比赛( sideline 的过去式和过去分词 )；把…排除在核心之外；
43. structured thinking 结构化思维
44. sustainable adj.可持续的
45. tipping point n. 卸载点；引爆点、临界点、量变到质变的分界点
46. transform v. 使改变形态
47. universal adj.通用的,宇宙的n.通用
48. understandable adj. 能懂的，可理解的
49. visual adj.视觉的n.可视化
知识点2 情感社科类词汇
情感类词汇
1.
aggressive adj.挑衅的；积极进取的
2.
assertiveness n. 魄力；自信
3.
anxiety n. 忧虑，焦虑；渴望
4.
bully v. 恐吓，威逼
5.
competitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争力的
6.
complex adj.复杂的 n. 复合体
7.
conceited adj.自负的，傲慢的
8.
cyberbullying 网上欺凌
9.
deprivation n. 剥夺；丧失；匮乏
10. emotional intelligence 情绪
11.
empathy n. <心>移情作用；同感
12. extracurricular adj.课外的
13. frustrate vt. 挫败；使受挫折
14. intolerable adj.无法容忍的；难堪
15. lonely adj. 孤独的；寂寞的；偏僻的
16. mental health 心理健康
17. misunderstand v. 误解
18. motivation n. 动力；积极性
19. overwhelming adj. 势不可挡的
20. prioritize vt. 按重要性排列；优先处理
21. popularization n. 普及
22. neglect v. 疏忽 n. 忽略；怠慢
23. psychology n. 心理（学）；思想
24. psychologist n. 心理学家
25. psychological problem 心理问题
26. respect n. 尊敬 v. 遵守
27. solitude n. 单独，孤独
28. stress n.压力；强调 v. 强调
29. suspect v. 猜想，觉得；怀疑
30. self-esteem n. 自尊；自大；傲骨
31. suicidal thoughts 自杀念头
32. sympathetic adj. 同情的；赞同的
33. supportive adj. 支持的，拥护的，赞助的
34. social exclusion n. 社会排斥
35. societal expectations 社会期望
36. stability n. 稳定；坚定，恒心
37. verbal abuse 言语虐待
38. victim n. 受害者；牺牲品
态度类词汇
1.表示赞同+积极
39. acclaim 赞同，称赞
40. admiring 赞赏的
41. appreciation 欣赏，感激
42. appreciative 感激的，欣赏的
43. approval 赞成，承认，正式批准
44. approving 赞成的
45. concerned 关心的
46. compensatory 补偿的，赔偿的
47. consent 同意
48. confident 自信的，有信心的
49. defensive 为…而辩护
50. desirable 值得拥有的，令人满意的
51. enthusiastic 热情的，积极性的，狂热的
52. enthusiasm 热情，热心
53. favorable 赞成的，有利的，赞许的
54. frank 坦白的，真诚的，直率的
55. humorous 幽默的
56. instructive 有教育意义的
57. impressed / impressive 留下深刻印象的
58. influential 有影响的modest 谦虚的，适度的
59. positive 肯定的，积极的，实际的
60. profound 意义深远的
61. rewarding 有回报的
62. respectable 可敬的，可观的，体面的
63. satisfaction 满意，满足
64. soothing 镇静的，慰藉的
65. supportive 支持的，支援的
66. sympathy 同情，同情心，同感，赞同
67. sympathetic 同情的talented 有才能的，有天赋的
68. tolerance 宽容，容忍
69. tolerant 宽容的，容忍的
70. understanding 了解，认识，谅解
2.表示否定+消极
1.
ambiguous 模棱两可的
2.
arbitrary 武断的
3.
arrogant 傲慢的，自大的
4.
biased 有偏见的c
5.
contempt 轻视，耻辱
6.
contemptuous 轻视的
7.
cynical 愤世嫉俗的
8.
disgust 厌恶，反感
9.
disappointed 失望的
10. detestation 憎恶，厌恶
11. disapproval 不赞成
12. disapproval 不赞成doubtful 可疑的，怀疑的
13. enraged 激怒的
14. frustrated = gloomy
15. guilty 有罪的，内疚的
16. hesitancy 犹豫
17. hesitant 犹豫的，不愿的
18. harmful 有害的
19. hostile 有敌意的
20. impulsive 冲动的，任性的
21. indignation 愤慨
22. indulgence 沉溺，放纵
23. insulted 受辱的，辱骂的
24. ironic 讽刺的
25. misleading 令人误解的
26. negative 否定的，消极的，阴性的
27. objection 异议
28. opposition 反对
29. opposed 反对的
30. permissive depressed 沮丧的
31. permissive 悲观的
32. reluctant pessimistic 悲观的
33. radical 激进的
34. self-centered 以自我为中心的，自私的
35. sarcastic = satiric
36. unwilling 不情愿的
37. undesirable 不受欢迎的，不合意的
38. uneasy 心神不安的unworthy 不值得的，无价值的
39. worried 闷闷不乐的，焦虑的
40. warning 警告的，引以为戒的
3.表示客观中立
1.
ambiguous 模棱两可的
2.
conservative 保守的
3.
disinterested 无私的factual 事实的
4.
impartial 公平的，不偏不倚的
5.
neutral 中立的 = impersonal
6.
objective 客观的
7.
objectiveness 客观性
8.
unbiased 没有偏见的
9.
unprejudiced 公平的，无偏见的，没有成见的
4.主观词
1.
apprehensive 担心的
2.
critical 批评的，挑剔的，决定性的
3.
criticism 批评
4.
cautious 谨慎的
5.
cautiousness 谨慎，小心
6.
curiosity 好奇，好奇心
7.
compromising 妥协的
8.
dissatisfied 不满意的
9.
discontent 不满的
10. formal 正式的
11. informative 提供资讯的
12. informal 非正式的
13. intolerant 不能容忍的，偏执的
14. puzzled 困惑的，迷惑的
15. subjective 主观的
16. sensitive 敏感的
5.表怀疑不确定
1.
dubious 怀疑的
2.
questioning 质疑的
3.
questionable 可疑的
4.
skeptical 怀疑
5.
skepticism 怀疑
6.
suspicion 怀疑，猜疑
7.
uncertain 态度不明的
8.
unclear 不确定的
6.一般不选的词汇：（偶尔有例外，注意看题）
①表达歧视，偏见，不平等的词：
1.
discrimination 歧视
2.
discriminated 歧视的
3.
prejudice 偏见
4.
prejudiced 偏见的
5.
bias 偏见
6.
unfair 不公平的，不公正的
7.
contemptuous 轻蔑的，鄙视的，侮辱的
8.
scornful 轻蔑的，鄙视的
9.
inequality 不平等
②表达冷漠，不关心，不感兴趣的词：
1.
indifference 漠不关心
2.
indifferent 漠不关心的
3.
uninterested 不感兴趣的
4.
unconcerned 不关心的
5.
carefree 不关心的
③表示迷惑，不清楚的词：
1.
uncertainty 不确定
2.
uncertain 不确定的
3.
puzzled 困惑的= confused
4.
ambiguous 模棱两可的unclear 不清楚的
④表达容忍，沉溺，放纵的词：
1.
tolerant 容忍的
2.
tolerance 容忍
3.
indulgent 放纵的
4.
permissive 放纵的
⑤表示情感态度过于强烈，过于否定，过于肯定的词：
1.
conceited 自负的
2.
desperate 绝望的
3.
destructive 破坏性的，毁灭性的
4.
enthusiastic 热情的
5.
mocking 嘲讽的
6.
strongly 强烈地，强有力的
7.
satiric 讽刺的
8.
sacrifice 牺牲
9.
sacrificial 牺牲的
社科类词汇
1.
accompany v. 陪同，陪伴；伴随
2.
advantageous adj. 有利的；有好处的
3.
allocate vt.分配assess v．评估；估算
4.
bankrupt adj.破产的
5.
behavioural patterns 行为模式
6.
biography n．传记
7.
boost v．提高；推动；使增长
8.
chaos n. 混乱，杂乱
9.
civilize v．使文明，开化
10. cruelty n. 残酷，虐待；不公
11. comprehension n．理解
12. consciousness n．意识；观念
13. coordination n．协调
14. community n. 社会（团体）
15. capacity n.容量；才能 adj.无虚席的
16. celebrity n．名人
17. critically adv.批判性地
18. depressed adj.萧条的
19. discipline n．纪律
20. dishonest adj.不诚实的
21. efficient adj. 效率高的
22. emergence n．兴起
23. financial squeeze 财政困难
24. flourish v．繁荣
25. genuine adj.真的；真诚的
26. humbleness n. 谦逊，粗鄙
27. initiative n．倡议，新方案
28. modify v．调整；修饰
29. motivate vt.促动，激发，诱导；刺激
30. minimalism n. 最低纲领，极保守行动
31. morality n. 道德；道德观
32. moral virtues 道德美德
33. philosophy n. 哲学；哲学思想；生活信条
34. pursuit n．追求；消遣
35. religion n. 宗教；教派；心爱的事物
36. sponsor n．赞助者 v．赞助
37. social instincts 社会本能
38. self-discipline 自我修养,自律
39. strengthen v. 巩固；加强；增强
40. self-control n.自控；自我克制
41. tragedy n．悲剧
42. thrive v．旺盛，繁荣
43. tend v．倾向
44.
violent behaviours 暴力行为
知识点3 医药卫生类词汇
1.
alleviate vt. 减轻,使...缓和
2.
absent-minded adj.心不在焉的，恍惚的
3.
bacteria n.(复数)细菌
4.
bandage n.绷带
5.
cardiovascular adj. 心血管的
6.
chronic adj.长期的,慢性的,惯常的
7.
capsule n.胶囊vt.装入胶囊disable v.使...失去能力
8.
disorder n.杂乱,混乱 vt.扰乱
9.
diagnose v.诊断 vi. 判断,诊断
10. discomfort n.不适vt.使不适
11. dizzy adj，晕眩的vt.使困惑，使晕眩
12. vitamin n.维生素
13. handicap n.障碍 vt.加障碍物
14. immune adj.免除的,免疫的n.免疫者
15. oxygen n.氧氧气
16. prescribe vi.开药方 vt.规定,开处方
17. protein adj.蛋白质的n.蛋白质
18. physician n.内科医生
19. pregnancy n.怀孕
20. pill n.药丸 vt.服用药丸
21. qualify vt.取得资格vi.取得资格
22. resistant adj.抵抗的n.抵抗者
23. remedy n.治疗法,补救 vt.治疗
24. surgeon n.外科医生
25. stress n.压力v.强调vt. 强调
26. soothe v.缓和，使..安静，安慰
27. stroke n.中风;打击;vt.抚摸
28. scar n.疤痕vt.&vi.使...有伤
29. syndrome n.综合征;典型表现，典型行为
30. transplant vt.移植(器官)
31. tablet n.药片，片状物
32. undertake vt.从事,承担；负责
知识点4 经济环保类词汇
1.
wetland n. 沼泽地；湿地
2.
grassland n. 草原；草地；草场
3.
jungle n. （热带）丛林，密林
4.
soil n. 土壤；国土；领土；温床
5.
overseas adj. 外国的；海外的 adv. 在国外；在海外
6.
region n.（通常界限不明的）地区，区域，地方；行政区
7.
continent n. 大陆；陆地；洲
8.
ban vt. 禁止；取缔；禁止（某人）做某事；禁止加入 n. 禁令
9.
wildlife n. 野生动植物，野生生物
10. insect n. 昆虫
11. microorganism n. 微生物
12. break down （使）分解
13. carbon n. （化学元素）碳
14. oxygen n. 氧；氧气
15. disappear vi. 不见；消失；不复存在；绝迹；遗失；失踪
16. agriculture n. 农业；农学
17. impact n. 冲击；撞击；巨大影响；强大作用；重大效果 vi. & vt. 对……产生严重影响（常指不好的
影响）；冲击；撞击
18. extinction n. （植物、动物等的）灭绝，绝种，消亡
19. climate n. 气候；倾向；思潮；风气；环境气氛
20. global adj. 全球的；整体的；全面的；总括的
21. belt n. 地带；地区；腰带；传送带
22. track vt. & vi. 跟踪，追踪 n. 足迹；踪迹；（人或动物踩出的）小径，小道
23. habitat n. （动植物的）生境，栖息地，生长地
24. resident n. 居民；住户
25. dam n. 水坝；堤坝
26. Tibetan adj. 西藏的
27. antelope n. 羚羊
28. ecosystem n. 生态系统
29. biodiversity n. 生物多样性
30. hardwood n. 硬材（阔叶树的木材）
31. mammal n. 哺乳动物
32. jaguar n. 美洲豹；美洲虎
33. conservation n. （对动植物、自然资源的）保护；（官方对历史或艺术建筑的）保护；文物保护
34. canal n. 运河；灌溉渠
35. migration n. 迁移；移居；迁徙
36. legacy n. 遗产
37. splendour n. (AmE splendor) 壮丽；雄伟；华丽；美景；壮丽景色；让人印象深刻的事物
38. reserve n. 禁猎区；自然保护区；（物资等的）储备 vt. 预订，预约（房间、桌子、座位等）；保留
39. awe vt. 使敬畏；使惊叹 n. 畏怯；敬畏；惊叹
40. corridor n. （建筑物内的）走廊；（火车上的）过道；狭长地带
41. candidate n. （竞选中的）候选人；（工作、职位、奖励等的）申请人，候选人
42. UNESCO abbr. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization 联合国教科文组
织
43. coral n. 珊瑚 adj. 珊瑚色的；红色的；粉红的
44. memorable adj. 值得纪念的；难忘的
45. geographical adj. 地理的
46. changeable adj. 可改变的；可被改变的；常变的；突变的
47. breeze n. 微风；轻风
48. botanical adj. 植物的；植物学的
49. clay n. 黏土；陶土
50. milestone n. 重要事件；重要阶段；里程碑
51. motion n. 运动；移动；动；动议；提议
52. Buddhism n. 佛教
知识点5 人物描述类词汇
1.
able 有才干的，能干的
2.
active 主动的，活跃的
3.
adaptable 适应性强的
4.
aggressive 有进取心的
5.
alert 机灵的
6.
ambitious 有雄心壮志的
7.
analytical 善于分析的
8.
apprehensive 有理解力的
9.
argumentative 好争辩的
10. aspiring 有志气的，有抱负的
11.
attractive 有魅力的，有吸引力的
12. bad-tempered 脾气暴的
13. bigmouth 多嘴多舌的
14. bland 冷漠的
15. bossy 专横跋扈的
16. brave 勇敢的
17. brilliant 有才气的，聪颖的
18. capable 有才能的
19. caring 体贴的，有同情心的
20. cheerful 开朗的
21. childish 幼稚的
22. comical 滑稽的
23. competent 能胜任的
24. confident 有信心的
25. considerate 体贴的
26. constructive 建设性的
27. cooperative 合作精神的
28. courageous 勇敢的，有胆量的
29. creative 富有创造力的
30. cultured 有教养的
31. dashing 有一股子冲劲的
32. demanding 苛刻的
33. determined 坚决的
34. devoted 有献身精神的
35. dependable 可靠的
36. depressing 沉闷的
37. disciplined 守纪律的
38. dishonest 不诚实的
39. disorganized 无组织的
40. dutiful 尽职的
41. easy-going 随和的
42. efficient 有效率的
43. energetic 精力充沛的
44. enthusiastic 充满热情的
45. expressive 善于表达的
46. faithful 守信的，忠诚的
47. forceful 性格坚强的
48. forgetful 健忘的
49. frank 直率的，真诚的
50. friendly 友好的
51. funny 有趣的，古怪的
52. generous 慷慨大方的，宽宏大量的
53. gentle 有礼貌的，绅士般的
54. greedy 贪婪的
55. hard-working 勤劳的
56. helpful 助人的，有益的
57. helpless 无助的，没用的
58. honest 诚实的
59. humorous 幽默的
60. inconsiderate 轻率的
61. independent 有主见的
62. initiative 有首创精神的
63. intellective 有智力的
64. inventive 有发明才能的
65. just 正直的
66. kind-hearted 好心的
67. knowledgeable 有见识的
68. learned 精通某学问的
69. loyal 忠心耿耿的
70. mean 吝啬的
71. methodical 有方法的
72. modest 谦虚的moody 情绪化的
73. motivated 目标明确的
74. narrow-minded 心胸狭窄noisy 聒噪的
75. objective 客观的
76. open-minded 虚心的
77. optimistic 乐观的
78. orderly 守纪律的
79. original 有独创性的
80. outgoing 外向友好的
81. painstaking 辛勤的，苦干的，刻苦的
82. passionate 充满热情的
83. pessimistic 悲观的
84. polite 有礼貌的
85. popular 受欢迎的practical 实际的
86. purposeful 意志坚强的
87. pushy 有进取心的
88. personality 有个性的人
89. qualified 合格的
90. realistic 实事求是的
91. reasonable 讲道理的
92. reliable 可信赖的
93. responsible 负责的
94. romantic 浪漫的，空想的
95. self-conscious 自觉的
96. selfish 自私的
97. selfless \ unselfish 无私的
98. sensible 明白事理的
99. sensitive 敏感的
100. sincere 真诚的
101. skeptical 多疑的
102. smart 精明的
103. sociable 好交际的
104. spirited 生气勃勃的
105. steady 踏实的，稳定的
106. straightforward 老实的
107. strict 严格的
108. supportive 助人的
109. strong-willed 意志坚强的
110. sympathetic 有同情心的
111. thoughtful 体贴人的
112. talented 有才能的，有天赋的
113. tireless 孜孜不倦的
114. tolerant 容忍的
115. virtuous 善良的,道德高尚的
116. trustful 容易相信人的
117. trustworthy 值得信任的
118. understanding 理解人的
119. ungrateful 不领情的
120. upright 正直的
121. sweet-tempered 性情温和的
考向 考查阅读理解
例1 （2025 年辽宁省高三模拟试题）
An estimated 5.4 million people in the United States suffer from Alzheimer’s disease, a number that is
expected to grow as the Baby Boomers age. Even more suffer from other forms of dementia (痴呆). To keep such
patients’ minds engaged and give their caregivers at home a break, doctors often refer them to day centers, where
they can exercise, take part in activities, and receive professional guidance or medication.
Recently, the George G. Glenner Alzheimer’s Family Centers, a San Diego nonprofit that operates several
such facilities, has begun to create a very different sort of daytime space for its patients: a fake town of 24
buildings, arranged around a central green and designed to evoke the era when most of today’s dementia patients
were young adults. The hope is that visual reminders of their youth will spark memories and conversation.
Glenner Town Square will be the first facility of its kind in the United States, according to Daniel Sewell, a
professor of clinical psychiatry at UC San Diego and an unpaid medical adviser on Glenner’s board. While the
project is novel, the approach it reflects—known as reminiscence therapy (回忆疗法)—is common in clinical
practice. By using a variety of reminders such as photographs and music, facilitators— including staff at Glenner—
help dementia patients recall episodes from decades past. Studies have found that the therapy improves both
cognitive function and quality of life; a fully immersive environment like Glenner Town Square could enhance
these effects.
As dementia progresses, memories of childhood and early adulthood tend to endure the longest. “Graduation
from high school, college, the first job, marriage, perhaps children—these are the milestones, typically, in life,”
Tarde, an administrator of the GeorgeG. Glenner Alzheimer’s Family Centers, said. “That 20-year period seems to
be where memories are the strongest.” Ask a person with mid-stage dementia about Jennifer Lawrence, and you’ll
probably get a confused stare. But take out a photo of actress Judy Garland, and a lively conversation may follow.
【难词背诵】
estimated adj. 估计的；预计的；估算的 v. 估计，评估engaged adj.忙碌的 v. 保证，约定；从事
professional guidance 专业指导
medication n.药剂；药物治疗；药物处理；加入药
物nonprofit adj. 非盈利的
facilities n. 工具；天资；特别装置；设备
evoke v. 引起，唤起
visual reminders 视觉提醒
approach v. 临近；处理 n. 方法，途径
episode n. 一集，一节；插曲；（病症）发作期
therapy n. 治疗，疗法，疗效；心理治疗；治疗力
cognitive function 认知功能
immersive adj. 拟真的；沉浸式虚拟现实的
enhance v. 提高，增强；改进
endure v. 忍受；持续
milestones n. 重要事件；重要阶段；转折点；里程
碑typically adv. 典型地；代表性地；通常
administrator n. 管理者；有管理（或行政）才
能的人
例2 （2025 年浙江省金华市高三一模阅读节选）Nothing special happened during that night. Rather, the big
role this hotel plays in my memories can be explained by a psychological principle called the recency effect.
“The recency effect helps to account for our tendency to remember the ending part of a sequence of events
with far more clarity than the rest, ” said Dr. Mary Poffenroth, a biopsychologist.
She says it arises from our short-term memory’s inability to hold on to more than a small amount of
information at once. So while there is no magic formula to create lovely travel memories, employing the recency
effect can turn a good trip into an unforgettable one.
Dr. Stephanie, a Neuroscientist, says that while you can strategically set off the recency effect at a trip’s
end, you may have multiple opportunities to create lasting memories all along the way by breaking it up into
smaller chunks.
【难词】
psychological principle 心理原理
recency effect 近因效应
account for 说明（原因、理由等）；导致，引起
a sequence of 一系列的
clarity n. 清楚，明确；思路清晰
biopsychologist 生物心理学家
inability n. 无能，无力；无才能；无能为力
formula n. 公式，方程式；方案，方法
unforgettable adj. 难忘的；铭刻肺腑的
Neuroscientist[医]神经科学家：神经科学各分支专
家 strategically adv. 战略上，战略性地
multiple adj. 多重的；多个的；复杂的；多功
能的
【变式训练1·变考法】（2025·甘肃白银·模拟预测）Parents hoping to raise bilingual (说双语的) children have
long been given the advice to employ a strict one-parent-one-language approach. However, the findings from
Concordia University’s Infant Research Lab indicate that many families in Montreal don’t abide by this model,
with both parents frequently using both languages when communicating with their children. “This made sense to
us, because there are a lot of adults in Montreal who are actively bilingual,” says Andrea Sander-Montant, lead
author of the study.
The researchers analyzed data from 300 families taking part in the lab’s research between 2013 and 2020.
They identified four main strategies used by the families: one-parent-one-language, both-parents-bilingual, one-
parent-bilingual (where one parent uses both languages and the other uses one) and one-language-at-home (where
one language is used at home and another one is used outside the home, such as at daycare) .
The study found there wasn’t a single strategy that could be singled out as “best” to raise a child bilingually.
But when they looked at parents’ language use individually rather than the family’s overall strategy, the researchers
had an unexpected and striking finding: mothers had up to twice the impact on language exposure compared to
fathers. The influence of mothers was particularly clear in heritage-language families.
“We think this may be the case because mothers still spend more time at home than fathers. There may also
be cultural factors at play; where mothers feel it is their responsibility to transmit ( 传播) the language,” says
Sander-Montant.
“This points to a new way of talking about transmitting languages,” says Krista Byers-Heinlein, a professor
in the Department of Psychology. “Rather than stressing about using this or that strategy, families can make a
calculation of who is spending time with the child and then figure out how the child can receive enough experience
in both languages from fluent speakers.” The researchers believe these findings will have a real-world impact for
policymakers, health care workers and educators who closely work with and give advice to bilingual families.
1．What does the underlined phrase “abide by” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Follow.
B．Perceive.
C．Oppose.
D．Transform.
2．What is the key factor in leading to the breakthrough of the study?
A．Long-held parenting beliefs.
B．Conventional language guidelines.
C．Individual parental language use.
D．Main strategies in bilingual families.
3．Why does the author quote Sander-Montant’s words in paragraph 4?
A．To introduce another topic.
B．To prove the finding reasonable.
C．To highlight the role of mothers.
D．To provide essential background.
4．What is Byers-Heinlein’s suggestion for bilingual parents?
A．Sending children to bilingual schools.
B．Hiring a full-time language teacher.
C．Seeking advice from health care professionals.
D．Fully exposing kids to both fluent languages.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍康考迪亚大学婴儿研究实验室关于双语家庭语言策略的研究，包括
家庭使用的四种主要策略、母亲对孩子语言接触影响更大的发现及相关建议。
1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“Parents hoping to raise bilingual (说双语的) children have long been given
the advice to employ a strict one-parent-one-language approach. However, the findings from Concordia
University’s Infant Research Lab indicate that many families in Montreal don’t abide by this model, with both
parents frequently using both languages when communicating with their children. (一直以来，希望培养双语儿童
的家长都被建议采用严格的 “一人一语” 模式（即每位家长只使用一种语言）。然而， Concordia 大学
婴儿研究实验室的研究结果表明，蒙特利尔的许多家庭并未……这一模式，父母双方在与孩子沟通时经常
同时使用两种语言。)”可知，长期以来一直建议希望培养双语孩子的父母严格采用父母各讲一种语言的方
式，而研究发现蒙特利尔的许多家长在与孩子交流时经常使用两种语言，由此可知，他们没有“遵循”所
倡导的那种模式，所以画线短语的意思与“遵循”的意义相近。故选A 项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But when they looked at parents’ language use individually rather than the
family’s overall strategy, the researchers had an unexpected and striking finding: mothers had up to twice the
impact on language exposure compared to fathers.(但当研究人员单独观察父母的语言使用情况，而非家庭的
整体策略时，他们有了一个意想不到的惊人发现：母亲对孩子语言接触的影响是父亲的两倍。)”可知，研
究的突破是获得了一个意想不到的惊人发现：母亲对孩子语言学习的影响是父亲的两倍，由此可知，这一
发现是研究人员单独研究父母个人的语言使用情况时产生的。故选C 项。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的““We think this may be the case because mothers still spend more time at
home than fathers. There may also be cultural factors at play; where mothers feel it is their responsibility to
transmit (传播) the language,” says Sander-Montant.(“我们认为这可能是因为母亲比父亲在家时间更长。也可
能有文化因素在起作用；母亲们认为传播语言是她们的责任，”桑德•蒙坦特说)”可知，母亲在家的时间仍
然比父亲多，她们觉得传递语言是她们的责任，由此可知，引语内容解释了造成母亲对孩子语言学习的影
响是父亲的两倍这一现象的原因，即证明了这一发现的合理性。故选B 项。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Rather than stressing about using this or that strategy, families can make a
calculation of who is spending time with the child and then figure out how the child can receive enough experience
in both languages from fluent speakers.(与其强调使用这种或那种策略，家庭可以计算谁在与孩子共度时光，
然后想办法让孩子从流利的使用者那里获得足够的两种语言体验。)”可知，专家的建议是父母无需强调使
用这个或那个策略，而是要让孩子充分沉浸在两种流利的语言环境之中。故选D 项。
【变式训练2·变情景】（2025·湖南长郡中学·模拟）The Luling Mountains in Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, used
to be a deserted area without even a single tree. Now, it is a leafy paradise for birds, and tourists are flooding in.
The huge transformation has occurred thanks to the consistent efforts of Tian Wangui, 67, and his wife Lu Min, 63,
over nearly half a century.
In 1982, the couple contracted ( 承包) the land-use rights of the two mountains near their home. They
intended to plant fruit trees in the mountains to make a living. Back then, the mountains were deserted with no trees
at all. To help the seedlings (树苗) they planted survive in the barren (贫瘠的) land, the couple had to carry water
to the mountains on their backs. They also bought whatever seeds were available from a nearby forest farm and
spread them every spring, hoping to afforest the mountains. With such an extensive planting method, however, they
initially failed to see many seeds take root in the barren soil. But the couple didn’t give up.
The couple’s perseverance finally paid off. They discovered that some tree species were tough enough to
survive, including pine and mulberry. Now, more than 50,000 trees of over 20 species cover the land they
contracted, following their consistent efforts to sow tree seeds year after year.
As the mountains became lush (郁郁葱葱), Tian and Lu were charged with a new task-patrolling (巡逻)
their nearly 67 hectares of forest every day to prevent fires. The patrol even didn’t stop on the eve of last year’s
Chinese Lunar New Year. Instead of watching the CCTV Spring Festival Gala on Jan. 21st like most Chinese, the
couple went to patrol the mountains with the families of their son and daughter. “Many people set off fireworks to
mark the arrival of the new year, so the holiday is a time when we have to stay cautious against fire threats,” Tian
said.
The couple has no plans to quit their work, and they hope their children will follow in their footsteps. “We
cherish the mountains and trees as we cherish our own children,” Lu said. “Even as we grow old, they will continue
to patrol the woods and watch over the birds.”
5．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?
A．The mountains.
B．The forest farm.
C．The poor couple.
D．The tough condition.
6．What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A．More than 20 species were sowed every year.
B．Pine and mulberry cannot survive on the land.
C．Their continuous efforts eventually worked.
D．They bought 50,000 trees according to the contract.
7．Which of the following can best describe the couple?
A．Honest and hardworking.
B．Curious and brave.
C．Determined and persevering.
D．Friendly and intelligent.
8．Why do the couple decide to continue their work?
A．They regard the mountains as their children.
B．They want their children to succeed their career.
C．They can earn much money from the mountains.
D．They have a life-long contract with the government.
【答案】5．D 6．C 7．C 8．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了辽宁省锦州市闾山由一片荒芜变成树木繁茂的鸟类天堂的转变过程。
5．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Back then, the mountains were deserted with no trees at all. To help the
seedlings(树苗)they planted survive in the barren(贫瘠的)land, the couple had to carry water to the mountains on
their backs.( 当时，山上荒芜一片，连一棵树都没有。为了让种植的树苗在贫瘠的土地上存活下来，这对夫
妇不得不背着水爬到山上。)”以及“With such an extensive planting method, however, they initially failed to see
many seeds take root in the barren soil(然而，采用这种广泛种植的方法，他们最初并没能看到许多种子在贫
瘠的土壤中生根发芽。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是艰苦的环境，故选D 项。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“The couple’s perseverance finally paid off. They discovered that some tree
species were tough enough to survive, including pine and mulberry. Now, more than 50,000 trees of over 20 species
cover the land they contracted, following their consistent efforts to sow tree seeds year after year.( 这对夫妇的坚
持终于有了回报。他们发现一些树种足够顽强，能够存活下来，包括松树和桑树。如今，经过他们年复一
年地播种，他们承包的土地上已经覆盖着20 多种、超过5 万棵树。)”可知，这对夫妇的持续努力有了回
报，故选C 项。
7．推理判断题。根据第二段“With such an extensive planting method, however, they initially failed to see
many seeds take root in the barren soil. But the couple didn’t give up.( 然而，采用这种广泛种植的方法，他们
最初并没能看到许多种子在贫瘠的土壤中生根发芽。但是这对夫妇并没有放弃。)”以及倒数第二段“The
patrol even didn’t stop on the eve of last year’s Chinese Lunar New Year. Instead of watching the CCTV Spring
Festival Gala on Jan. 21st like most Chinese, the couple went to patrol the mountains with the families of their son
and daughter. (去年春节前夕，巡逻队甚至没有停止巡逻。1 月21 日，与大多数中国人一样，这对夫妇原本
应该收看央视春晚，但他们却和儿子、女儿的家庭一起上山巡逻。)”可推理出，这对夫妇是坚定不移、持
之以恒的，故选C 项。
8．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The couple has no plans to quit their work, and they hope their children will
follow in their footsteps. “We cherish the mountains and trees as we cherish our own children,” Lu said. “Even as
we grow old, they will continue to patrol the woods and watch over the birds.”(这对夫妇并没有打算停止工作，
他们希望自己的孩子能够追随他们的脚步。“我们像珍惜自己的孩子一样珍惜大山和树木，”陆说。“即
使我们老了，他们也会继续巡逻山林，守护鸟儿。”)”可知，这对夫妻决定继续他们的工作是因为他们把
大山看成是他们的孩子，故选A 项。
【变式训练3·变考法·翻译画线词】“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of
different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and
assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now
outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using
observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they
usable?”
【难词】
technology n. 科技；技术性机器
observation n. 观察；监视；评论
application n. 申请；请求；申请书；运用；生效；应用软件；勤奋；努力；涂抹；施用
author n. 作者；作家；发起人
assistant adj. 助理的；副的 n. 助手；副手；助教
outnumber vt. 数量多于；比…多
specimen n. 样品；范例；（化验的）抽样；标本
increasingly adv. 不断增加地；越来越多地
observational adj. 观察的，观测的
【译文】“随着科技发展，人们借助手机应用就能轻松观察不同物种。”该研究首席作者、斯坦福大学人
文与科学学院生物学助理教授巴纳巴斯·达鲁表示，“如今这些观察数据已超过实体标本（标本）提供的原
始数据。由于我们越来越多地利用观测数据来研究物种对全球变化的响应，我开始思考：这些数据真的有
用吗？”
考点三 阅读理解同义替换词汇
知识点1 第一组
1.跟…有关 be related to= be associated with= be linked to= be connected with
2.多种多样 a variety of +n. /varieties of +n. =various +n. =all kinds of=all sorts of = diversities of
3.提前 in advance, ahead of time, ahead of schedule
4.厌烦 be tired/sick of=be bored with=be fed up with
5.区分 distinguish/tell A from B
6.亲自 personally, in person
7.只有 only, nobody/nothing but
8.出版 come out, be published
9.尤其 particularly, in particular
10.锻炼 exercise, work out
11.谋生 make/earn a living
12.代表 represent, stand for, (be) on behalf of
13.结合 combine, mix sth.up
14.前进 advance, move forward
15.舒适 comfortable, at ease
16.十年 decade, ten years
17.两周 fortnight, two weeks
18.二十 score, twenty
19.十二 dozen, twelve
20.成人 adult, grown-up
21.删除 delete, cut out
22.回答 answer, reply to
23.进入enter, come/go into
24.雇用某人employ/hire sb, take sb on
25.移走 remove, take away
26.吸收 absorb, take in
27.与…一致 agree/be consistent/correspond with
28.缺席 be absent from, be not present at
29.收割 harvest, gather, get in
30.抵制 boycott, refuse to accept, resist, reject
31.与...相反/对立 contradict, be opposite to
32.放弃 abandon, go away from, leave, give up
33.代替 replace, take the place of
34.背诵 recite, learn…by heart
35.害怕 fear, be afraid/scared of
36.退（学） quit, drop out of (school)
37.推迟 delay, postpone, put off
38.去拿来 fetch, go and bring back
39.相匹配 match, go with
40.精力充沛 energetic, full of energy
41.少数 a minority of, a small number of
42.打扰 cause trouble to, bother, disturb
43.描述 describe, give a description of
44.后来 afterwards, after that, later on
45.目前 nowadays, at present, at the present time
46.取消 cancel, call off
47.宣布 announce/declare sth, make sth known to the public
48.逃跑 escape, run away
49.担心 worry about, be concerned/anxious about
50.提到 mention, refer to, talk about/of
51.展览 on show/display/exhibition
52.勇敢（去做） be brave to, have courage to
53.违法的 illegal, not legal, against the law
54.满足需要 cater to/meet/satisfy the need
55.重力gravity, the pull of the earth
56.算出calculate, figure out
57.与…不同differ from, be different from, vary from…to…
58.高兴起来cheer up, become happy
59.乱七八糟in a mess, in disorder
60.气喘吁吁breathless, out of breath
61.做出决定determine, decide, make a decision
62.对……有害do harm to, be harmful to
63.相似，相像resemble, be like, be similar to
64.低语，耳语whisper, speak in a low voice
65.寻找，追求seek, look/search/hunt for
66.茫然，困惑at a loss, puzzled/confused
67.取笑，逗弄tease, make fun of, laugh at, amuse
68.提高，改善improve, make/become better
69.庆祝celebrate, hold a celebration
70.长胖put on/gain weight, grow fat
71.熟悉know…well, be familiar with
72.处理handle, settle, deal with, cope with
73.到处everywhere, here and there
74.加速accelerate, speed up, quicken
75.保证，确保ensure, guarantee, make sure/certain
76.一年一次的annual, yearly, every year
77.挨饿，饿死starve, go hungry, die from hunger
78.充当；起……的作用act as, serve as
79.榜样model, example
80.怒视glare at, look at sth angrily
81.平静的calm, not excited
82.抽象的abstract, not specific
83.积极的active, not passive
84.残酷地cruelly, without mercy, mercilessly
85.复杂的complicated, not simple, complex
86.人造的artificial, man-made
87.故意地deliberately, on purpose, purposely
88.独自地alone, by oneself
89.有危险in danger, at risk
90.占...比例account for, make up
91.青少年adolescent, teenager
92.看医生go to see/consult a doctor
93.更喜欢prefer sth, like sth better
94.使生气annoy sb, make sb angry
95.报道此事cover/report the event
96.很多a lot (of), a great deal (of)
97.影响交通hold up/block traffic
98.澄清，阐明clarify, make sth clear
99.可得到的be available, be easily got
100.试验try out, test
101.无论如何anyhow, in any way
102.在……后面behind, at the back of
103.无论什么whatever, no matter what
104.使某人高兴cheer sb up, make sb happy
105.得出结论conclude, draw a conclusion
106.聪明的clever, bright, wise, smart
107.做报告give a presentation/talk/speech
108.辍学，退学drop out of/leave school
109.出国go abroad, go to a foreign country
110.控告accuse sb of sth, charge sb with sth
111.置若罔闻turn a deaf ear to, refuse to listen to
112.使能做某事enable sb to do, make sb able to do
113.不理，忽视ignore, overlook, pay no attention to
114.受欢迎的be popular with, be well received (by...)
115.成功做某事manage to do sth, succeed in doing sth
116.把...分开 break sth apart, split/divide/separate sth
117.劝某人做 advise sb to do, try to persuade sb to do
118.方式，方法way, solution, approach, method, means
119.信任，信赖 trust, believe, have confidence/faith in
120.制订计划make a plan, work out a plan, draw up a plan
121.开始存在appear, come into being, come into existence
122.在农村，城市 in the countryside/city, rural/urban areas
123.除……之外besides, as well as, in addition to, apart from
124.用...替换 replace…with, use…as an alternative to…
125.情况良好in (a) good condition, in a good state/situation
126.可进入／接近的be accessible, be easy to enter/reach/use
127.再一次again, once more, once again, over and over again
128.对……全然不知be in the dark about, know nothing about
129.把某物分配给某人allocate sth to sb, divide sth among sb
130.认为think/believe that, hold the view that, argue/claim that
131.用完某物run out of sth, lack sth, sth run out, sth be used up
132.防...止疾病protect…from sickness, avoid/prevent sickness
133.值得，应得deserve sth, be worthy of sth, be worth doing sth
134.反对be against, oppose, object to, disagree with, disapprove of
135.老年人old people, the old, senior citizens, the aged, the elderly
136.劝某人不要做 discourage sb from doing, persuade sb not to do
137.有机会使用／做have access to sth, have the chance of doing sth
138.充满 be full of, be filled with, be flooded with, be crowded with
139.下降，减少 decline, come/go down, drop, fall, decrease, reduce
140.突然笑/哭起来burst into laughter/tears, burst out laughing/crying
141.告诉某人某事tell sb sth, inform sb of sth, keep sb informed of sth
142.宁做A 不做B do A rather than (doing) B, do A instead of (doing) B
143.对某人生气get angry with sb, get cross with sb, be annoyed with sb
144.全世界all over/around the world, worldwide, globally, internationally
145.吸引某人interest/attract/draw sb, appeal to sb, catch sb’s eye/attention
146.优于，胜过have the advantage over, have the edge over, be better than
147.重要 count, matter, be important, significant, vital, crucial/be of importance
148.致力于apply/bend/commit/devote oneself to, be bent/committed/devoted to
149.旨在做aim/be aimed at doing, be designed/intended to do, be meant to do sth
150.偶然地 incidentally, accidentally, by chance/ accident/ coincidence, casually, occasionally
知识点2 第二组
1.away from 除了…之外=aside from=on top of = other than= in addition to= as well as except for= except
=but
2.by oneself 靠自己，独自= (all) on one’s own= (all) alone for oneself 为自己
3.be in possession of…拥有=be possessed of…= possess…= take possession of
4.look after…照顾= take care of… = care for…= deal with… = attend to…
5.look on/upon A as B 把A 视为B=think of A as B=view A as B =see A as B =regard A as B = consider
A as B
6.表示“阻止、防止、禁止”的动词都可以与from 连用
ban/ prohibit/ restrict/ restrain sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事
prevent/stop sb (from) doing sth 阻止某人做某事=keep sb from doing sth 例外：forbid sb to do sth 禁止某人
做某事
7.have a liking for… 喜欢= like/love/enjoy…= be fond of…
8.to be frank with you, 坦白说/ 老实说= frankly speaking, …= to tell you the truth,… = to be honest (with
you), …
9.feel at ease 感到轻松 =feel relaxed not feel at ease 感到不安 =feel unease
10.look out for…小心/注意…=watch out for…
11.by no means 决不，绝不= not… by any means=not…at all=not …in the least=not …in the slightest
=under no circumstances 以上结构用于句首时，使用部分倒装的结构
12.
burst into tears 突然大哭 =burst out crying burst into laughter 突然大笑 =burst out laughing
13.for nothing 免费=for free = free=without payment
14.for the time being 目前= for the present
15.see to it + that 从句 务必确定…=make sure + that 从句 =ensure that 从句（其中that 后接从句，大多使用一
般时态、完成时态）
16.be tired from +名词/代词/动名词（doing） 因…而疲劳/累be tired of +名词/代词/动名词（doing）对…厌倦
be sick and tired of +名词/代词/动名词（doing）对…厌倦 相当于be sick of 与be tired of 的结合，起到强大
作用 相当于be bored with…或be fed up with…
17.look down on/upon 轻视/瞧不起某人= despise/scorn/disdain
18.look up to sb 尊敬某人= respect sb = hold sb in high esteem
19.make up for… 为…补偿；弥补= compensate for…（高考考过）
20.the road to +名词 通往…之道= the key to +名词...的钥匙/答案
21.
How’s it going with you? 你近来如何？=How are you (doing)?
22. on purpose 故意地=deliberately =intentionally
23.be out of work 失业/不上班=be out of a job=be unemployed
24.on the dot 一分不差地/准时=to the minute = exactly
25.by the minute 一分一秒地=minute by minute =each/every minute
26.in a minute 待会儿= in a second = in a moment
27.keep in touch with 与…联络= keep in contact with …=make contact with… =contact…
28.
come up with… 想出/提出…（答案，主意等）=figure out…=hit on/upon= put forward
29.make sb out to be 断言某人是…= think/maintain/assert that sb is
30.make out 了解…= understand =take in
31.
What do you say to doing sth? 做…你让我如何？=How/What about doing sth?
32.stuff A with B 以B 填塞A= stuff B into A
33.for all… 尽管…=despite… = in spite of…
34.be bound for +地点名词 开往/驶往某地= head for = leave for = make for =start for =set off/out for
35.be bound to + 名词 被绑在…上=be tied to= be fastened to= be attached to
36.prefer to do + rather than do 喜欢做…胜于做/而不喜欢做=prefer to do + instead of doing
37.for good 永远地；永久地=for good and all= forever = for ever = for ever and ever= eternally =
permanently
38.wonder at 对…感到惊异=be amazed at
39.for all I know, … 就我所知，…=as far as I know, …=so far as I know, …= to my knowledge, …
= to my understanding, … be beyond one’s understanding 超过某人是所能理解的范围
40.in the interest of 对…有利的=for the benefit of
41.be in cooperation with 与…合作cooperate with 与…合作
42.put…into practice 将…付诸实施/施行= put…into action= carry out…put…in/into practice 将…付诸实行
in practice 实际上= =in reality
43.put aside… 存（钱等）=set aside… =save…
44.A get acquainted with B A 与B 认识= A make B’s acquaintance acquaint vt.使认识
45.buy sth for +钱 用多少钱买某物=buy sth at the cost/price/rate of +钱 以某价格买某物=pay 钱 for sth
buy sth for sb 买某物给某人（高考英语考过）= buy sb sth
46.be above doing sth 不愿意/不屑于…= be unwilling to do sth=be reluctantly
47.keep up with 跟上/赶上；与…并驾齐驱=keep pace with=keep abreast of
48.industrious 勤奋的=hardworking =diligent
49.be second to none 不亚于任何人/物，= be the best=have no peer/rival/equal=be without one’s peer
无人能出其右，没有敌手be second to +名词/代词 仅次于…
50.all of a sudden 突然；忽然= all at once = suddenly =sharply= out of the blue= without warning
51.cheat on sb 对某人不忠=be not faithful to sb
52. learn…by heart 将…背起来=memorize 注：recite 指发声背出
53. go on with 继续从事=get on with =continue (with)
54. at one’s leisure 在某人空闲/有空时=in one’s free/spare time leisure 闲暇，空闲
55.come across 无意间发现…= happen on =encounter
56.run into sb 与某人不期而遇；偶遇= bump into sb = encounter sb
57.come to 苏醒；恢复知觉= come around = come round
58.by degree 渐渐地= little by little = gradually
59.be in charge of 负责…= be responsible for… 负责…（对…负责）= take responsibility for…（对/为…负
责）
be responsible to sb for sth 对某人负责某事
60.because of 因为/由于=owing to =on account of = due to
61.bring on 导致/引起=bring about = lead to = lead up to=contribute to =cause= account for=make for=result
in (result from…起因于…)
62.without result 没有成效= to no avail = in vain = for nothing
63.with the coming of… 随着…的到来= with the approaching of…
64.on the contrary 相反地= instead
65.at a stroke 一口气；一次= without stopping
66.
with a view to doing sth 为了从事/为了做某事=with an eye to doing sth =for the purpose of + doing sth
= in order to do （可句首、句中）= so as to do （多用于句中）
67.the key to… 开启…的的钥匙/秘诀the solution to sth …的解决方法the answer to sth …的答案
68.in place of 取代…=instead of
69.identify with… 同情…，认同…
70.be particular about 对…挑剔= be picky about= find fault with sb
71.be under repair 在修理中= be being repaired
72.inquire into 调查…= look into = investigate
73.inquire after sb 问候某人的健康状况= ask for sb
74.
look forward to +名词/代词/doing 期待…=expect to do= anticipate +名词/代词/doing
75.be keen on/about… 热衷于…= be enthusiastic about
76.be capable of doing sth 有能力做…= be able to do sth
77.to some extent 就某种程度上来说= to some degree = in a sense
78.to the end 到最后= to the bitter end
79.joke about 对…开玩笑=make fun of=play jokes/a joke on sb= play tricks/a trick on sb
80.at heart 心地上，本质上=by nature
81.be bent on doing sth 一心想要做某事
= be determined to do sth
82.
on/upon sth/doing sth, +主语+动词… 一…，就… =as soon as +主语+动词，+主句（主语+动词…）
83.be proud of 为…感到骄傲/自豪= take pride in = pride oneself on
84.be typical of 是…的特征/写照= be characteristic of
85. tell A from B 区别A 于B 的不同/差异= tell the difference between A and B=tell A and B apart
=distinguish A from B
86.set up 建立=found =establish
87.set about (doing) sth 开始着手= set out to do sth=begin/start to do =begin/start doing/sth
88.devote …to… 将…致力于/献身于…=dedicate …to…
89.approve of… 赞同disapprove of… 反对/不赞成approve （及物动词为“批准、核准”）
90.turn out (to be) 结果是（系动词）=prove (to be)
91.turn up 出现，到达= show up =arrive, appear
92.be free from… 没有…/脱离…=be free of…= be without…
93.be dressed in… 穿着…= have on…= be wearing…
94.be different from 与…不同= differ from be indifferent from 对…漠不关心
95.
play a big/an important part in (doing) sth 在…方面扮演重要角色play a big/an important role in (doing)
sth
96.be oblivious of 忘却…=be forgetful of =forget…
97.do away with… 除去/摆脱…= get rid of…
98.put up with 容忍=tolerate =bear =stand=withstand
99.
be famous for +名词/代词/动名词 因…而出名=be known for = be noted for be notorious for 因…而恶
名昭彰
100. keep to the rules 坚守规则= stick to the rules=conform to the rules =comply with the rules
101. be unaware of 不知道…= be unconscious of
102. be confident of 对…有信心= have confidence in
103. be thankful to sb for doing sth 因某事感激某人= be grateful to sb for doing sth= be obliged to sb for
doing sth= be indebted to sb for doing sth
104. be incapable of 无能力做某事=be unable to do
105. be senior sb by 年 比某人年长…岁=be older than sb by 年 be junior sb by 年 比某人年幼…岁= be
younger than sb by 年 prior to… 在…前= before
106. by +时间 最迟不超过某时间= not later than =before
107. be for sth 赞成 =be in favor of sthbe against 反对 =be opposed to
108. be opposed to (doing) sth 反对…=object to (doing) sth =oppose (doing) sth
109. come off 发生，举行=come about= take place = happen = occur
110. succeed to 继承= take over = inherit
111. consist in 在于… = lie in
112. consist of 由…组成=be made up of =be composed of
113. run after 追逐/追求…= chase be after sb = be chasing sb 追赶某人
114.be sensitive to （心理上）对…敏感be allergic to （生理上）对…敏感/过敏be sensible of 感觉到…的
=be aware of =be conscious of 知道…
115. call on sb to do 呼吁/要求某人做某事=urge sb to do =ask sb to do
116. call sb down 责骂/责备某人=scold sb = tell sb off
117. depend on 依赖/指望=rely on =count on =look to sb = turn to sb 都可以后接sb to do sth 指望/依赖某人
去做某事，都可以后接for sth depend on sb for help 指望/求助于某人的帮助=look to sb for help=count on
sb for help=rely on sb for help =turn to sb for help
118. look for 寻找 =search/ hunt/ seek for look to 指望/依赖 look to sb for help 指望/依赖某人帮忙
119. with regard to 关于…=in regard to =with respect to =in respect of=concerning =regarding=as to =about,
on
120. take A for B 误将A 当作B= mistake A for B
121. call on sb 拜访某人= pay a visit to sb= pay sb a visit =visit call for 需要…（主语多为sth）= require
122. call off 取消 =cancel
123. be equal to 胜任=be cut out for =be competent for
124. get through with 做完= be through with = finish= be finished with = be done with
125. for ages 好长一段时间=for a long time
126. for the time being 目前=for the present
127. live a …life 过着…的生活=lead a…life = have a …life
128. be in high spirits 心情很好=be in good mood=be in good humor
be in low spirits 心情很差=be in a bad mood=be in a bad humor
129. be through sth 经历某事= experience sth =undergo sth =go through sth
130. in detail 详细地= at length
131. stand for 代表/表示=represent=be on behalf of=symbolize
132. present sb with sth 赠与某物给某人=present sth to sb
133. provide sb with sth 提供某物给某人= provide sth for sb=supply sb with sth=supply sth to sb=afford sb
sth
=afford sth to sb
134. be brought up 被抚养长大= be raised= be reared bring up = raise 将某人抚养长大
135. agree with sb 和某人看法相同= see eye to eye with sb
136. attend to 对…专注= pay attention to= be attentive to
137. take on 带有/呈现出…= assume
138. take after 和…相像=resemble
139. make fun of 取笑…= tease
140. brush…aside 忽视/漠视=ignore
141. brush up on 复习=go over =review =revise
142. hope for sth 期待/希望…=wish for =long for = desire
143. go with 与…相配=match
144. turn down 拒绝=reject =refuse
145. keep off… 远离…；不让…接近=stay away from
146. by accident 不经意间；无意地；偶然地=by chance =accidentally =unexpectedly
147. take …off…. 将…从…取下来 take …out of… 把…拿出来从…= take …from…
148. blame sb for sth 因为…责怪某人；把某事归罪于某人身上= blame sth on sb=lay/ place/ put the blame
on sb for sth
149. talk sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事=persuade sb to do sth
150. talk sb out of doing sth 说服某人不要做某事=persuade sb not to do sth=dissuade sb from doing sth
151 一… 就… on doing; immediately, directly,
instantly; the moment, the minute, the second, the
instant;
as
soon
as,
no
sooner…
than,
hardly/scarcely…when
考向 考查同义替换
例1 （2024 年新课标Ⅰ卷）But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a
theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a
mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are
reading print.
What does the shallowing hypothesis assume?
A．Readers treat digital texts lightly.
B．Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C．People select digital texts randomly.
D．Digital texts are suitable for social media.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have
proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach
digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental
effort than when they are reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为
“shallowing hypothesis”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通
常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallowing hypothesis 假设读者在
阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A 项。
得分速记
同义词替换是设置正确选项的重要手段，掌握了这个方法，能让你快速、准确地找到正确答案。大多
数的阅读理解正确选项或题干都是采用同义句表达的手段进行改写的。本题中readers---people treat ...
lightly----not so serious/less mental effort
例2 （2024 年新课标II 卷）We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store
went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are
a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1?
A．It guarantees the variety of food.
B．It requires day-to-day care.
C．It cuts the farm-to-table distance.
D．It relies on farmer’s markets.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey,
Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型
农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故
选C。
真题溯源 考向感知
1.【2025 年新高考I 卷】While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years,
transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents
say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car
instead.
Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book
Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the
role they play in our lives.
Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for
new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian
journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her
local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor
(市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in
Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were
completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly.
In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate
of car ownership in the world.
We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really
recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of
Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door.
25. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1?
A. Cars often get stuck on the road.
B. Traffic accidents occur frequently.
C. People walk less and drive more.
D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules.
26. What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do?
A. Keep their cities livable.
B. Promote cultural diversity.
C. Help the needy families.
D. Make expressways accessible.
27. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s?
A. They boosted the sales of cars.
B. They turned out largely ineffective.
C. They won government support.
D. They advocated building new parks.
28. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Why the Rush?
B. What’s Next?
C. Where to Stay?
D. Who to Blame?
【答案】25. C 26. A 27. B 28. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计导致行人流动性下降，尤其是儿
童步行减少的现象，并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能，重视城市宜居性。
【25 题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years,
transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents
say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car
instead. (虽然近年来我们的街道可能已经改善了安全性，但交通研究也表明行人的流动性下降，尤其是年
轻儿童。许多家长说，路上的交通太拥挤，他们的孩子无法安全步行上学，所以他们把孩子塞进车里)”可
知，作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。故选C。
【26 题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan
in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed
replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place
to live, and not just rush through.” (最著名的是，一位加拿大记者在20 世纪50 年代初举家迁往曼哈顿，她领
导了一场阻止当地公园被毁的运动。在描述她对用高速公路取代公园的提议感到震惊时，Jane Jacobs 呼吁
她的市长捍卫“纽约作为适宜居住的地方，而不仅是匆匆穿过的通道”)”可推知，加拿大记者和其他运动
参与者旨在保持城市宜居性。故选A。
【27 题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority
of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads
has been increasing rapidly. (尽管这些运动很普遍，但现实是大多数西方城市完全围绕汽车需求重新设计。
道路上的汽车数量一直在迅速增加)”可推知，20 世纪60 年代末和70 年代澳大利亚的竞选活动未能阻止汽
车发展，基本上没有效果。故选B。
【28 题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章最后一段“We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to
account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely
around our communities? (我们在帮助我们快速通过的道路上投入了大量资金，但我们没有考虑到真正的成
本。我们真的认识到当孩子们不能在我们的社区安全地移动时，我们作为一个社会将会付出什么代价吗)”
可推知，本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象，A 项“Why the Rush? (为何匆匆？)”质问
“rush through (匆匆通行)”的规划理念，契合主旨，最适合作为本文标题。故选A。
2.【2025 年北京卷】Throughout our Junior year, my classmates and I have been worried about what colleges
will see when they look at our whole life story reduced to a single 200-word essay. Will the golden word “success”
form in their minds when they review our achievements? Or will they see the big word “fail” in red? The shadow of
this mysterious (神秘的) institution steals away what success means to us.
My first step of redefining success began with course registrations. It is a well-known fact, especially in my
school, that Junior year is the time of packing many AP classes into the schedule. When asked why they chose so
many AP classes, my friends responded: “I don’t know.” They themselves don’t know why they are following the
crowd and longing for the pressures of academic difficulty. Therefore, they do not feel the satisfaction of being
academically challenged.
Completing many courses no longer brings out the feeling of success because more than four AP classes per
year is a norm set by top universities. Determined to follow my instincts (本能) on what I felt success means, I only
chose two classes that I knew I would enjoy. The feeling of success was no longer attached to what grade I received
but to the pure joy of learning.
Even my failures are attached to a feeling of success; after I take a step back and look at the big picture, I see
them as a launching pad (平台) for my next big achievement. In the ninth grade, I went in for my first group
interview for a leadership position as a shy girl. Not standing a chance against competitive applicants, I came out of
the interview with an upset look. Nevertheless, this interview wasn’t a wasted opportunity. I talked to one of the
senior applicants who answered questions in a way that reflected the faith she had in herself.
This year, with an open mind and new knowledge in mind, I walked into another group interview while telling
myself I was that cool senior. I managed to secure a leadership position. Ultimately, success came little by little.
24. Throughout the Junior year, what was the author’s major concern?
A. Pressure from choosing AP classes.
B. Performance in group interviews.
C. Competition with seniors.
D. Recognition by colleges.
25. The author chose fewer AP classes because of _______.
A. her own understanding of success
B. her desire for academic challenges
C. her strong urge to follow the crowd
D. her dream of entering a top university
26. Which would best describe the author’s first group interview?
A. Dignifying.
B. Rewarding.
C. Engaging.
D. Relaxing.
27. What can we learn from this passage?
A. Everyone is the maker of their own success.
B. Success favours those with a golden heart.
C. Success knocks at your door only once.
D. A college holds the key to success.
【答案】24. D 25. A 26. B 27. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在高三时对大学申请和成功定义的反思，不再盲目
追随他人选择大量AP 课程，而是基于个人兴趣选课，并从失败的小组面试中学习，通过自我调整最终获
得领导职位。
【24 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Throughout our Junior year, my classmates and I have been worried about what
colleges will see when they look at our whole life story reduced to a single 200-word essay. Will the golden word
“success” form in their minds when they review our achievements? Or will they see the big word “fail” in red? (在
整个高三期间，我和我的同学们一直担心，当大学将我们的整个人生故事浓缩成一篇200 字的短文时，他
们会看到什么。当他们回顾我们的成就时，脑海中会浮现出‘成功’这个金灿灿的词汇吗？还是会看到用
红色标注的‘失败’这个醒目的大字？)”可知，作者在高三年级主要担心的是大学对他们的认可。故选
D。
【25 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Determined to follow my instincts (本能) on what I felt success means, I only
chose two classes that I knew I would enjoy. (我决心追随自己对成功的直觉理解，只选择了两门我确信自己会
喜欢的课程。)”可知，作者选择较少的AP 课程是因为她自己对成功的理解。故选A。
【26 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Nevertheless, this interview wasn’t a wasted opportunity. I talked to one of the
senior applicants who answered questions in a way that reflected the faith she had in herself. (然而，这次面试并
不是一次浪费的机会。我和一位高年级的申请者交谈，她回答问题的方式反映了她对自己的信心。)”以及
最后一段中“This year, with an open mind and new knowledge in mind, I walked into another group interview
while telling myself I was that cool senior. I managed to secure a leadership position. Ultimately, success came
little by little. (今年，我带着开放的心态和新的知识，再次走进集体面试的现场，告诉自己我就是那位自信
满满的高年级学生。最终，我成功获得了一个领导职位。成功，就这样一点点地向我走来。)”可知，作者
认为第一次面试是有收获的，因为它让作者从中学到了东西，并影响了她后来的面试表现。故选B。
【27 题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第三段中“Determined to follow my instincts (本能) on what I felt
success means, I only chose two classes that I knew I would enjoy. (我决心追随自己对成功的直觉理解，只选择
了两门我确信自己会喜欢的课程。)”以及最后一段中“This year, with an open mind and new knowledge in
mind, I walked into another group interview while telling myself I was that cool senior. I managed to secure a
leadership position. Ultimately, success came little by little. (今年，我带着开放的心态和新的知识，再次走进集
体面试的现场，告诉自己我就是那位自信满满的高年级学生。最终，我成功获得了一个领导职位。成功，
就这样一点点地向我走来。)”可知，作者通过自己的经历表明，成功并非由大学或外界标准定义，而是源
于自我认知与努力。“Everyone is the maker of their own success. (每个人都是自己成功的创造者。)” 符合
题意。故选A。
3.【2025 年新高考II 卷篇】Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food? Mine does.
Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa”
was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time.
Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From
technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of
what we’re already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It
changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away.
For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items
like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to
raise awareness regarding food waste.
A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste
for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply
thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the
concept to its logical conclusion.
It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all
the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider
serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and,
with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine.
Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue
Hill has since returned to its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address
problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.
12. What can be inferred about the author’s early life?
A. He witnessed food shortage.
B. He enjoyed the local cuisine.
C. He donated food to Africans.
D. He helped to cook at home.
13. Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment?
A. To customize dishes for guests.
B. To make the public aware of food waste.
C. To test a food processing method.
D. To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Why the ingredients were used.
B. Which dishes were best liked.
C. What the dishes were made of.
D. Where the ingredients were bought.
15. What can we learn about wastED?
A. It has ended as planned.
B. It is creating new jobs.
C. It has regained popularity.
D. It is criticized by top chefs.
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食物浪费问题，并以纽约一家餐厅的短期实验项目“wastED”为
例，该餐厅通过创意改造本该被丢弃的食材制作菜品，以此提高人们对可持续饮食的关注。
【12 题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa where the phrase
“there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time.
(这种感觉或许源于在南非的成长经历 —— 在那里，“非洲还有孩子在挨饿” 这句话与其说是晚餐时的
祈祷，不如说是对现实令人不安的提醒)” 可知，作者在南非长大，那里有孩子挨饿是事实，由此可推断作
者早年目睹了食物短缺的情况。故选A。
【13 题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. (每道菜
都是量身定制的，以提高人们对食物浪费的认识)”可知，Blue Hill 餐厅进行这个实验，将菜单改为只提供
原本会被扔掉的食物，是为了提高公众对食物浪费的认识。故选B。
【14 题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically
made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most
restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber
butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. (值得注
意的是，从技术上讲，wastED 的菜单上没有一项是由垃圾制成的。相反，所有使用的食材都是大多数餐馆
永远不会考虑供应的肉类部位和农产品。羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等东西都被重新利
用，在许多优秀厨师的助力下，变成了美味的菜肴)”可知，本段主要介绍了wastED 菜单上的菜品所用的配
料，如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等，所以本段主要讲的是这些菜肴是由什么做成的。
故选C。
【15 题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the
start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. (尽管 wastED 餐厅收获了热烈
的评价，但它从一开始就被设计为短期实验项目；此后，Blue Hill 餐厅已回归常规菜单)”可知，wastED 从
一开始就被设计为短期实验，现在餐厅已恢复常规菜单，从而推断，实验项目“wastED”已经按计划结束
了。故选A。
