专题02 上下文猜词技巧及实例解析
高考时文阅读中的生词多与社会热点、科技发展、文化交流等主题相关，猜词无需依赖复杂词汇储备，核
心是抓住“上下文逻辑关联”和“已知信息线索”。以下5 种方法均附明确操作步骤，直接对应做题场景。
方法讲解
1. 因果逻辑猜词法
适用场景：原文中出现表示因果关系的连词/短语，如because、so、therefore、thus、as a result、due
to、owing to 等，生词多为原因或结果的核心词。
操作步骤：① 圈出因果关系标志词；② 确定“已知信息”（原因/结果中明确的部分）；③ 根据因
果逻辑推导生词含义——“原因→结果”或“结果→原因”反向推导。
关键提醒：因果逻辑前后语义一致，无矛盾，推导时可直接套用“因为A，所以B”或“因为B，所以
A”的句式验证。
2. 同义/近义替换猜词法
适用场景：原文中出现表示同义关系的标志，如that is、in other words、namely、or、also、too，或通
过“破折号、括号”补充说明，生词与后文的已知词构成同义关系。
操作步骤：① 找到同义关系标志（连词/标点）；② 定位标志后紧跟的“解释性已知词/短语”；③ 直接
将已知词的含义代入生词位置，验证语义是否通顺。
关键提醒：时文阅读中，作者常通过“同义替换”避免重复，补充说明的内容多为简单易懂的常用词，是
猜词的“直接线索”。
3. 反义/对比逻辑猜词法
适用场景：原文中出现表示对比关系的连词/短语，如but、however、yet、while、on the contrary、in
contrast、unlike 等，生词与后文的已知词构成反义关系。
操作步骤：① 圈出对比关系标志词；② 提取标志词前后的“对比主体”及已知主体的属性；③ 推导生
词含义为已知属性的“相反面”，代入原文验证逻辑是否成立。
关键提醒：对比逻辑的核心是“差异”，推导时需注意区分“绝对反义”（如开/关）和“相对反义”（如
快/慢），结合时文主题判断具体含义。
4. 举例说明猜词法
适用场景：原文中出现表示举例的标志词，如for example、for instance、such as、like 等，生词为“例子所
归属的类别/属性”，例子本身为已知信息。
操作步骤：① 识别举例标志词；② 梳理标志词后的“具体例子”，提炼例子的共同属性；③ 确定生词
含义为“具备该属性的类别”。
关键提醒：时文阅读中的例子多贴近生活或热点（如科技产品、社会现象），提炼属性时优先关
注“功能、特征、用途”。
5. 语境逻辑猜词法（无明显标志时适用）
适用场景：原文无因果、同义、对比等明显标志词，需依赖“段落主旨”或“上下文情节发展”猜
词。
操作步骤：① 通读生词所在的整段内容，明确段落主旨（如“介绍新能源汽车的优势”“说明垃圾分
类的意义”）；② 分析生词在句中的成分（主语/宾语/定语），判断其与主旨的关联；③ 结合情节
发展逻辑，代入符合主旨的常见含义，验证句子通顺度。
关键提醒：时文主旨多明确（热点话题的介绍、观点的阐述），猜词时不可脱离主旨“凭空联想”，
优先选择与主题相关的含义。
典型例题
选自高考高频时文主题（科技、社会、文化），每个案例对应一种猜词方法，完整呈现“找线索→推
含义→验证”的做题过程：
案例
1 ：因果逻辑猜词法（科技主题）
原文片段：Due to the high cost of traditional energy sources, many countries are now focusing on developing
renewable energy, which can reduce the financial burden. （生词：renewable）
解析步骤：
①圈出因果标志词“
Due to”
（由于）
②已知信息：传统能源成本高（原因），很多国家开发某能源以减轻经济负担（结果）
③推导：能减轻经济负担的能源，应是“ 可重复利用、成本低” 的，结合“ 能源” 属性，推
测“renewable”意为“可再生的”
④ 验证：代入原文“开发可再生能源以减轻经济负担”，符合因果逻辑，语义通顺。
答案：可再生的
案例
2 ：同义
/ 近义替换猜词法（社会主题）
原文片段：The government has launched a campaign to promote frugality, that is, the habit of saving money
and not wasting resources. （生词：frugality）
解析步骤：① 找到同义标志词“that is”（即）；② 定位解释性已知短语“the habit of saving money and
not wasting resources”（省钱、不浪费资源的习惯）；③ 直接代入：“
frugality”
即为“省钱不浪费的习
惯”，即“节俭”；④ 验证：“政府发起推广节俭的活动，即省钱不浪费的习惯”，语义完全通
顺。
答案：节俭
案例
3 ：反义
/ 对比逻辑猜词法（文化主题）
原文片段：Unlike the tedious traditional lectures, the new online courses are interesting and interactive,
attracting more students. （生词：tedious）
解析步骤：① 圈出对比标志词“Unlike”（与……不同）；② 已知信息：新网课“有趣且互动性
强”；③ 推导：生词修饰传统讲座，与新网课的“有趣互动”相反，推测“tedious”意为“枯燥的、
乏味的”；④ 验证：“与枯燥的传统讲座不同，新网课有趣互动，吸引了更多学生”，对比逻辑成
立。
答案：枯燥的、乏味的
案例
4 ：举例说明猜词法（科技主题）
原文片段：Many electronic gadgets, such as smartphones, tablets and smartwatches, have become an
indispensable part of people’s daily life. （生词：gadgets）
解析步骤：① 识别举例标志词“such as”（例如）；② 提炼例子：智能手机、平板电脑、智能手
表，共同属性是“小型电子设备”；③ 推导：“gadgets”意为“小器具、小型设备”；④ 验
证：“许多电子小设备，如智能手机、平板和智能手表，已成为人们日常生活不可或缺的部分”，符
合例子的类别属性。
答案：小器具、小型电子设备
案例
5 ：语境逻辑猜词法（社会主题）
原文片段：In recent years, more and more cities have introduced bike-sharing services. People can rent a
bike at a low price and return it at any designated station. This convenient service has won widespread
popularity among citizens. （生词：designated）
解析步骤：① 通读段落，明确主旨：介绍共享单车服务的便利性② 分析生词成分：“designated”作
定语修饰“
station
”（站点），与共享单车“租赁、归还”的流程相关；③ 结合语境推导：共享单车
需在“指定的”站点归还，才能保证服务有序，推测“designated”意为“指定的”；④ 验证：“在任
何指定站点归还”，符合共享单车的运营逻辑，与“便利服务”的主旨一致。
答案：指定的
总结：高考时文猜词的核心是“找线索、扣主旨”，优先使用有明确标志的方法（因果、同义、对
比、举例），无标志时紧扣段落主题推导，代入验证通顺即可，无需纠结生词的精确词典含义，只要
能匹配做题需求即可。
即时练习
练习1：2023 年北京卷·反义/对比逻辑猜词法
真题片段：As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors,
journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their
promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other
technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially
prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn't be able to
understand.”
题目：What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?（ ）
A. Open
B. Cool
C. Useful
D. Resistant
【答案】A
【解析步骤】① 圈出对比关系标志词“But”（但是）；② 提取对比主体及已知属性：前文提到“很多其
他技术都经历过兴奋阶段”，But 后强调“量子计算的某些特质使其尤其_____炒作”，形成“其他技术vs
量子计算”的对比；③ 推导：结合后文“量子代表着难以理解的酷东西”，可推断量子计算比其他技术
更易被炒作，“prone”应表示“易于……的”，与选项A“Open（易于接受的）”语义一致；④ 验证：代
入原文“量子计算的某些特质使其尤其易于接受炒作”，符合But 引导的转折逻辑，语义通顺。
练习2：2024 年全国卷Ⅰ·举例说明猜词法
真题片段：The debate over whether the universe is a computer simulation has lasted for decades. Supporters of
the simulation theory argue that advanced civilizations could create such a complex system. However, there are
also many proponents of the opposing view. For example, some physicists point out that the laws of physics in our
universe have unique characteristics that cannot be replicated by any existing simulation technology.
题目：What is the meaning of the underlined word “proponents” in Paragraph 2?（ ）
A. Researchers
B. Supporters
C. Critics
D. Creators
【答案】B
【解析步骤】① 识别举例标志词“For example”（例如）；② 梳理例子：后文“一些物理学家指出宇宙
物理定律的独特性无法被现有模拟技术复制”，这是对“opposing view（相反观点）”的具体阐释；③ 推
导：“proponents”对应“相反观点”的归属者，结合前文“Supporters of the simulation theory（模拟理论的
支持者）”的表述，可推断“proponents”与“Supporters”语义相近，意为“支持者”；④ 验证：代入原
文“也有很多相反观点的支持者”，例子能准确支撑该含义，符合举例逻辑。
练习3：2025 年全国卷Ⅱ·因果逻辑猜词法
真题片段：Remote work has become increasingly popular in recent years, offering flexibility and work-life
balance to employees. However, it also has a downside. Because employees work alone at home, they may feel
isolated and lack face-to-face communication with colleagues, which affects team cohesion.
题目：What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?（ ）
A. Advantage
B. Challenge
C. Difference
D. Change
【答案】B
【解析步骤】① 圈出因果关系标志词“Because”（因为）；② 确定已知信息：原因是“员工居家独自工
作，可能感到孤立、缺乏面对面沟通”，结果是“影响团队凝聚力”，且前文用“However”（然而）表转
折，与“远程工作的优势”形成对比；③ 推导：“downside”是远程工作的非优势属性，结合因果逻
辑，“孤立、影响团队凝聚力”是远程工作的负面问题，故“downside”意为“弊端、挑战”；④ 验证：
代入原文“然而，它也存在一个挑战”，后文的因果解释能准确支撑该含义，转折逻辑成立。
练习4：2023 年全国卷Ⅱ·同义/近义替换猜词法
真题片段：Cultural heritage is not static; it evolves over time. Many traditional crafts, for instance, have been
renovated—they keep their core values while adopting new materials and techniques to meet modern needs.
题目：What does the underlined word “renovated” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?（ ）
A. Preserved
B. Improved
C. Replaced
D. Abandoned
【答案】B
【解析步骤】① 找到同义关系标志——破折号（表补充解释）；② 定位解释性已知内容：“ they keep
their core values while adopting new materials and techniques to meet modern needs”（保留核心价值，同时采用
新材料新技术满足现代需求）；③ 推导：结合破折号后的解释，“ renovated”应表示对传统工艺的“改
进、革新”，与选项B“Improved（改进的）”语义一致；④ 验证：代入原文“许多传统工艺已被改进
——它们保留核心价值，同时采用新材料新技术满足现代需求”，语义通顺，符合同义解释逻辑。
练习5：2024 年浙江卷·语境逻辑猜词法
真题片段：Urban green belts play a vital role in improving air quality. These strips of vegetation can absorb
harmful gases and filter dust particles from the air. Besides, they provide a habitat for small animals, contributing to
urban biodiversity.
题目：What is the meaning of the underlined word “habitat” in Paragraph 3?（ ）
A. Food
B. Shelter
C. Source
D. Tool
【答案】B
【解析步骤】① 通读段落，明确主旨：介绍城市绿化带的作用（改善空气质量、助力生物多样性）；②
分析生词成分：“habitat”作provide 的宾语，与“small animals（小动物）”搭配，结合绿化带“植被
带”的属性；③ 推导：绿化带能为小动物提供的应是生存相关的环境，结合主旨“助力生物多样性”，
推测“habitat”意为“栖息地、住所”，与选项B“Shelter（住所、庇护所）”语义一致；④ 验证：代入原
文“它们为小动物提供栖息地，助力城市生物多样性”，符合段落主旨，句子逻辑通顺。
练习6：2025 年新高考Ⅰ卷·因果逻辑猜词法
真题片段：The popularity of plant-based diets has surged in recent years. This is mainly because more people are
aware of the health risks of excessive meat consumption and the environmental impact of livestock farming.
题目：What does the underlined word “surged” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?（ ）
A. Decreased
B. Fluctuated
C. Increased
D.
Disappeared
【答案】C
【解析步骤】① 圈出因果关系标志词“This is mainly because”（这主要是因为）；② 确定已知信息：原
因是“更多人意识到过量吃肉的健康风险和畜牧业的环境影响”，该原因会推动素食饮食的正面发展；③
推导：结合因果逻辑，原因会导致“植物性饮食的受欢迎度”上升，故“surged”意为“激增、上升”，与
选项C“Increased（增加的）”语义一致；④ 验证：代入原文“近年来植物性饮食的受欢迎度激增”，后
文的因果解释能准确支撑该含义，逻辑成立。
Passage 1
“I’ve always loved practising Nirmal painting, but I wondered: Will anyone value it enough to keep it
alive?” says Mohammad Abdul Hakeem, an artisan ( 工匠) from Telangana. With traditional art forms slowly
losing their place in the modern world, the artisan felt apprehensive about the future. But his life changed when he
met Sushmita Kaneri, who used to be a software engineer.
In 2021, Sushmita visited Telangana and met artisans practising Nirmal art, a wood-based craft known for its
storytelling through painting. “I saw how these artisans had been practising the craft for generations, but fewer and
fewer people were noticing it,” Sushmita explains. “The artisans felt that their hard work was neither recognised
nor fairly valued. That’s when I knew I had to do something,” she adds.
In April 2023, Sushmita founded “Gullakaari”, a platform designed to connect artisans with customers, co-
create art, and raise awareness about endangered art forms while helping artisans support their lives. By offering a
marketplace for traditional art forms like Warli, Patachitra, and Gond, the platform allows artisans to reach a
broader audience and benefit from a steady stream of orders.
When asked about how she has used her software engineering skills in her work, Sushmita says, “We use
tech only where it adds value without changing the soul of the craft. For example, we trained the Tholu Bommalata
artisans to create lamp covers with 3D- printed logos on them. When it is lit, the lamp beautifully lights up not only
the fine artwork but also a 3D- printed logo, mixing traditions with modern technology.”
In just two years, Sushmita has helped more than 100 artisans make a living by using their traditional art
styles to make functional products. Hakeem shares, “Working with Gullakaari has truly opened new doors for us. In
the past, we had to rely on middlemen who often paid us less. Thanks to Gullakaari, now our work can reach
companies and art lovers from across the country.”
1．Which is closest in meaning to “apprehensive” in paragraph 1?
A．Optimistic.
B．Curious.
C．Worried.
D．Annoyed
2．How can Gullakaari benefit artisans?
A．By broadening their customer base.
B．By connecting with more middlemen.
C．By highlighting its storytelling feature.
D．By teaching them software skills.
3．Why is the 3D- printed lamp cover mentioned?
A．To promote modern technology.
B．To introduce a new art form.
C．To show how old skills are replaced.
D．To illustrate how tradition meets technology.
4．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．Unfair trade in the past.
B．The impact of Gullakaari.
C．Innovative products in the market.
D．The hope of artisans.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了软件工程师Sushmita Kaneri 创立平台Gullakaari，帮助传统手工艺人推
广濒危艺术形式、改善生计的故事。
1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“With traditional art forms slowly losing their place in the modern world, the
artisan felt apprehensive about the future. (随着传统艺术形式在现代世界中逐渐失去地位，这位工匠对未来感
到____)”可知，在传统艺术式微的背景下，工艺人对未来的感受应是“担忧的，忧虑的”，划线词
apprehensive 与Worried 含义最接近。故选C 项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“By offering a marketplace for traditional art forms like Warli, Patachitra, and
Gond, the platform allows artisans to reach a broader audience and benefit from a steady stream of orders. (通过为
Warli、Patachitra 和Gond 等传统艺术形式提供市场，该平台让手工艺人能够接触到更广泛的受众，并从稳
定的订单流中受益)”可知，Gullakaari 通过拓宽手工艺人的客户群体来帮助他们。故选A 项。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“We use tech only where it adds value without changing the soul of the craft (我们
只在能增加价值且不改变工艺核心的地方使用科技)”及“When it is lit, the lamp beautifully lights up not only
the fine artwork but also a 3D- printed logo, mixing traditions with modern technology. (当它被点亮时，这盏灯
不仅照亮了精美的艺术品，还照亮了3D 打印的标志，将传统与现代技术相结合)”可知，提到3D 打印灯罩
是为了举例说明“传统与科技如何结合”。故选D 项。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“In just two years, Sushmita has helped more than 100 artisans make a living by
using their traditional art styles to make functional products. Hakeem shares, “Working with Gullakaari has truly
opened new doors for us. In the past, we had to rely on middlemen who often paid us less. Thanks to Gullakaari,
now our work can reach companies and art lovers from across the country.” (短短两年内，Sushmita 已经帮助
100 多名手工艺人通过使用他们的传统艺术风格制作功能性产品来谋生。Hakeem 说：“与Gullakaari 合作
真的为我们打开了新的大门。过去，我们不得不依靠中间商，他们给我们的钱往往更少。多亏了
Gullakaari，现在我们的作品可以接触到全国各地的公司和艺术爱好者。”)”可知，该段主要讲述Gullakaari
平台对手工艺人的影响。故选B 项。
Passage 2
Millions of tourists travel to parks each year to enjoy the bright colors of fall — but ecologists say the
familiar reds, oranges and yellows of fall foliage (叶子) are coming later in the season. “In New England, generally
the fall foliage tends to peak in mid-October,” said Richard Primack, a professor of plant ecology. “But because of
a warming climate, the peak of fall foliage is tending to move from kind of early to middle October to kind of
middle to late October.”
Predicting precisely when the leaves will turn from green to red, orange and yellow in fall depends in part on
the geographic area, the species and the amount of rainfall, and climate change can largely determine the timing.
And leaves of trees with harmful insects will drop sooner, according to Christy Rollinson, a forest ecologist.
“Bright colors are associated with a healthy tree, because some colors take energy for the tree to produce.”
Peak color used to last for about two weeks, but for certain species, that period might be becoming more
condensed as higher temperatures continue late into the fall while days shorten at the same rate. So future
generations might just have to be ready to travel at a moment’s notice to catch a peak period in parts of the country.
Such changes could affect the tourism industry surrounding leaf peeping (看), according to Sarah Blount, a
researcher at the National Environmental Education Foundation. She underscored how important it is to try to
improve peak timing predictions. “There’s so much money attached to it.” she said. “People want to buy a plane
ticket to go somewhere and don’t want to find that it turns out that it’s too late and all the leaves are gone or it’s too
early, so there is a lot of focus on trying to improve the information that we have about that.”
5．What do Richard’s words show?
A．The lateness of peak fall foliage.
B．The rareness of a trend.
C．The impacts of climate change.
D．The mass appeal of fall colors.
6．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A．Visible signs of the coming of fall.
B．Prediction of fall foliage’s color change.
C．Factors in the timing of colorful fall foliage.
D．Determinants of the brightness of colors.
7．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “condensed” in paragraph 3?
A．Irregular.
B．Important.
C．Lengthy.
D．Brief.
8．What does Sarah Blount imply?
A．The country relies heavily on tourism.
B．Predicting peak foliage precisely is vital.
C．It takes effort to protect the environment.
D．Scheduling leaf-peeping trips early is better.
【答案】5．A 6．C 7．D 8．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍气候变暖导致秋叶变色高峰期推迟及缩短，进而影响相关旅游
业的现象。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But because of a warming climate, the peak of fall foliage is tending to move
from kind of early to middle October to kind of middle to late October. (但由于气候变暖，秋叶的观赏高峰期正
从10 月上中旬推移到10 月中下旬)”可知，Richard 的话表明了气候变暖导致秋叶观赏高峰期推迟。故选A
项。
6．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Predicting precisely when the leaves will turn from green to red, orange and
yellow in fall depends in part on the geographic area, the species and the amount of rainfall, and climate change can
largely determine the timing. (准确预测秋天树叶何时由绿变红、变橙、变黄，部分取决于地理位置、树种和
降雨量，而气候变化在很大程度上决定了这个时间)”可知，该段主要讲述的是影响秋叶变色时间的各类因
素。故选C 项。
7．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Peak color used to last for about two weeks, but for certain species, that
period might be becoming more condensed as higher temperatures continue late into the fall while days shorten at
the same rate. (过去秋叶最佳观赏期能持续约两周，但对于某些树种来说，随着秋季后期气温持续偏高，同
时白昼时长以相同速率缩短，这个时期可能会变得更加……)”可知，condensed 与前文的last for about two
weeks 形成对比，结合语境推测其含义为“缩短的、短暂的”，与brief 含义最接近。故选D 项。
8 ．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“ She underscored how important it is to try to improve peak timing
predictions. “There’s so much money attached to it.” she said. (她强调，努力改进观赏高峰期的预测是多么重要。
“这其中涉及大量的资金。”她说)”可知，Sarah Blount 暗示精准预测秋叶观赏高峰期至关重要。故选B 项。
Passage 3
It seems obvious that plants cannot count 1-10 on their roots or leaves as we usually do with our fingers, but
scientists say certain plants can “count” and even do simple maths. They possess mysterious abilities to keep an eye
on the insects nearby and their own food stores.
Venus flytraps, for example, are known to shut their leaves rapidly when they sense something moving on
them. But they only do this if anything moves twice within about 15-20 seconds. The movements are sensed by fine
‘trigger’ hairs on the leaves and translated into electrical pulses ( 脉 冲), flowing through the plant. When an
electrical pulse is triggered twice, the leaves will close immediately.
But as a group of international scientists showed in 2016, insect-eating plants of this kind are able to tally
higher than two. They wait until they’ve sensed at least three electrical pulses before they start producing the
chemicals needed to digest their catch, probably to avoid wasting their energy on lucky escapees.
Even before this discovery, though, scientists were suggesting that thale cress, a cousin to cabbage that’s
widely used in plant studies, could perform a process similar to doing division. During the day, thale cresses use
sunlight to build up their food stores, which is known as photosynthesis. But to survive the night, they must first
determine how much energy they will need. They do this by assessing the energy stored in their leaves and
factoring in the length of the night. Based on this calculation, they then manage their food intake at a sustainable
rate.
Experts argue we shouldn’t label these curious counting abilities as “intelligent” or as evidence that plants
have some early and underdeveloped form of brain. They’re just doing what they need to survive. But it reminds us
that even the simplest forms of life can display astonishing complexity and precision.
9．The example of Venus flytraps in Paragraph 2 is given to show that _________
A．plants can count 1-10 on their roots and leaves
B．some plants can carry out simple calculations
C．plants are able to generate electrical pulses
D．certain plants react much faster than insects
10．The underlined word “tally” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to_________·
A．number
B．repeat
C．divide
D．sense
11．We can learn from the passage that_________
A．venus flytraps set timed traps based on how many bugs they sense
B．plants do simple maths to kill time other than merely to survive
C．thale cress manages its energy use at night through calculation
D．plants have now evolved a structure similar to a human brain
12．What might be the best title for the article?
A．Plants’ amazing sense of time and space
B．Plants’ smart tricks of capturing bugs
C．Plants’ brilliant use of sunlight and energy
D．Plants’ surprising talent for mathematics
【答案】9．B 10．A 11．C 12．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍某些植物具备“计数”和进行简单运算的能力，以捕蝇草和拟南芥
为例说明其独特生存智慧。
9．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It seems obvious that plants cannot count 1-10 on their roots or leaves as we
usually do with our fingers, but scientists say certain plants can “count” and even do simple maths. (显然，植物无
法像我们用手指那样用根或叶来数1 到10，但科学家表示，某些植物能够“计数”，甚至进行简单的运
算)”以及第二段中的“ Venus flytraps, for example, are known to shut their leaves rapidly when they sense
something moving on them. But they only do this if anything moves twice within about 15-20 seconds. (例如，众
所周知，捕蝇草在感知到叶片上有东西移动时，会迅速合上叶片。但只有当有物体在约15 到20 秒内移动
两次时，它们才会这么做)”可知，作者举捕蝇草的例子是为了说明有些植物可以进行简单的运算。故选B
项。
10．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“But as a group of international scientists showed in 2016, insect-eating
plants of this kind are able to tally higher than two. They wait until they’ve sensed at least three electrical pulses
before they start producing the chemicals needed to digest their catch, probably to avoid wasting their energy on
lucky escapees. (但正如一组国际科学家在2016 年所展示的那样，这类食虫植物能够tally 的数字不止2。它
们会等到感知到至少三次电脉冲后，才开始产生消化猎物所需的化学物质，这或许是为了避免将能量浪费
在侥幸逃脱的猎物身上)”可知，捕蝇草能感知到三次及以上的电脉冲，因此“tally”的含义与“number”
（计数）相近。故选A 项。
11．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Even before this discovery, though, scientists were suggesting that thale
cress, a cousin to cabbage that’s widely used in plant studies, could perform a process similar to doing division.
During the day, thale cresses use sunlight to build up their food stores, which is known as photosynthesis. But to
survive the night, they must first determine how much energy they will need. They do this by assessing the energy
stored in their leaves and factoring in the length of the night. Based on this calculation, they then manage their food
intake at a sustainable rate. (不过，早在这一发现之前，科学家就提出，拟南芥——一种与卷心菜同属、被广
泛用于植物研究的植物——能够进行类似除法的运算过程。白天，拟南芥利用阳光储存养分，这个过程被
称为光合作用。但为了熬过夜晚，它们必须首先确定自己需要多少能量。它们通过评估叶片中储存的能量，
并将夜晚的时长考虑在内来计算。基于这个计算结果，它们随后以可持续的速率消耗养分)”可知，拟南芥
通过运算来管理夜间的能量消耗。故选C 项。
12．主旨大意题。通读全文，第一段提出核心观点“某些植物能够‘计数’，甚至进行简单的运算”，随
后以捕蝇草和拟南芥为例展开说明，最后总结植物的这类能力是生存所需的复杂智慧，因此“植物惊人的
数学天赋”概括了全文的主题，适合作为文章最佳标题。故选D 项。
Passage 4
Not successful enough for senior leadership roles but too experienced (and expensive) for the front-line
positions artificial intelligence (AI) hasn’t replaced, many mid-career professionals of America’s workforce
suddenly find themselves in no-man’s-land.
Many major companies like Amazon and Target have announced white-collar staff reductions recently. Gone
are the days when employers would reserve talented employees or worry about being understaffed for the good
times. When a job description calls for 10 to 15 years of experience, 25-year seasoned professionals aren’t
necessarily seen as better-than-expected prospects. They’re often viewed as applicants who will ask for too much
money and leave as soon as they find better opportunities.
However, we ought to be aware of the real circumstances of overqualified job applicants in daily life. Some
people want less responsibility than in previous roles and are willing to take pay cuts accordingly. Others have been
out of work for months and have no desire to job hop once they finally get hired.
Anthony Nigbur, 41, was a top healthcare program manager. He’s been job hunting since May, with a
recruiter (招聘专员) submitting him for roles. “He’s told me the feedback about his experience: ‘This guy has all
this experience, but we don’t need it or know how to use him,’ ” says Nigbur. He wishes to explain to prospective
employers why he’d take a job that seems beneath him on paper. That’s because he’s willing to take the lead
parenting role as his wife, a nurse, has upped her hours and travel.
The way companies have cut middle management is so striking that a new study projects a shortage of 2. 9
million managers in 2032. By then, middle management will be a hot job again, the study predicts. That doesn’t do
people like Nigbur much good today. Experienced sales manager Anne Marie Sterling found that playing down her
experience was a key to landing her current job at a solar energy company. The 55-year-old Florida resident tells
me she had to “play dumb”. “That happens a lot in job interviews. There’s no doubt about it,” she says.
13．What do we know about overqualified candidates in the US job market?
A．They’ll be easily replaced by AI.
B．They’ve held senior leadership roles.
C．They’re struggling to get hired now.
D．They’re highly valued by companies.
14．What’s the author’s attitude to employers’ views on overqualified job seekers?
A．Unclear.
B．Doubtful.
C．Tolerant.
D．Disapproving.
15．What can be inferred about Nigbur?
A．He hasn’t landed an interview.
B．He needs the professional experience.
C．He’s already had a well-paid job.
D．He doesn’t want to be a husband.
16．What do the underlined words “play dumb” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Keep the peace.
B．Tell the truth.
C．Act less capable.
D．Stay more independent.
【答案】13．C 14．D 15．A 16．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了美国职场中资历过高 (overqualified) 的中年求职者面临的困境。
他们因经验多、薪资要求高而被企业拒之门外，既不适合高层职位，又“超配”于基层岗位，成了尴尬的
一个群体。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段“Not successful enough for senior leadership roles but too experienced (and
expensive) for the front-line positions artificial intelligence (AI) hasn’t replaced, many mid-career professionals of
America’s workforce suddenly find themselves in no-man’s-land.(由于在高层管理职位方面表现不够出色，又
因为经验过于丰富（且成本高昂）而无法胜任那些尚未被人工智能取代的基层工作，许多处于职业生涯中
期的美国员工突然发现自己陷入了无人问津的尴尬境地)”可知，可知，这些资历过高的候选人目前在就业
市场上面临困难。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, we ought to be aware of the real circumstances of overqualified job
applicants in daily life. Some people want less responsibility than in previous roles and are willing to take pay cuts
accordingly. Others have been out of work for months and have no desire to job hop once they finally get hired.(然
而，在日常生活中，我们应当了解那些资历过高的求职者的真实情况。有些人希望承担的工作责任比之前
的工作要少，并且愿意相应地接受减薪。还有一些人已经失业数月，一旦最终被录用，他们就完全没有跳
槽的意愿了)”可推知，作者认为雇主的观点是片面且错误的，因此持不赞成的态度。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据第四段“He’s been job hunting since May, with a recruiter (招聘专员) submitting him
for roles.(从五月起他就一直在找工作，有招聘人员为他推荐职位)”可知，他一直在通过招聘专员申请职位，
接着引用招聘专员转述的有关他经历的反馈，说明这种反馈应该来自简历筛选阶段；再结合“He wishes to
explain to prospective employers why he’d take a job that seems beneath him on paper.(他希望向潜在雇主解释，
为何他会接受一份在表面上看起来低于自己能力水平的工作)”可推知，他尚未有机会直接向雇主解释，进
一步暗示他连面试都很难进入。由此可推知，他还没有获得面试机会。故选A。
16．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“playing down her experience was a key to landing her current job” 可知，
Anne Marie 发现淡化自己的经验是找到工作的关键。紧接着她说自己不得不“play dumb”，因此，这里的
“play dumb”与前文的“playing down her experience”意思相近，指在求职时表现得没有实际那么有能力，
即“装傻”或“表现得更差”。故选C。
Passage 5
By scanning a QR code at a service station, Li Xinpeng had his parcels delivered by an unmanned vehicle,
thanks to the launch of the first rural drone delivery route in Wuhan, Hubei Province.
The drone is capable of flying at a speed of 70 kilometers per hour and cruising (巡航) at an altitude of 120
meters. Operated by skilled professionals, the payload hexacopter drone boasts an impressive one-hour flight
endurance (耐力) and can carry as many as 300 to 500 parcels at a time.
“Sometimes a delivery journey would have taken me over 40 minutes on my motorcycle,” remarked Liu
Jianying, a postman from the Xinzhou branch of China Post Group (CPG), adding that drone deliveries are not
hindered by traffic jams or other road conditions. “The drones will significantly reduce transport time and enhance
the efficiency of parcel distribution,” he said.
In collaboration with CPG, the local government in Xinzhou pioneered Wuhan's first rural drone delivery
route, which is currently undergoing test flights across three pilot villages. It is predicted to officially launch flight
operations in early December, with plans to expand to 13 villages within the region upon the successful completion
of the trial phase.
Xinzhou district is located in the remote Dabie Mountains, featuring vast mountains and forests. Most of the
villages are quite far apart in this area, leading to a dispersed (分散的) population. As online shopping experiences
significant growth and the demand for delivery continues to rise, this drone delivery route is expected to become an
important supplement.
“During the initial stages, the purchase, maintenance and operation costs of drones might be relatively high.
But in the long term, as drones become widely used, the unit costs will decrease, effectively addressing issues
related to labor shortages and high logistics costs,” Zhang Dawei, a professor from the institute of urban and rural
governance at Central China Normal University, was quoted by Hubei Daily as saying.
17．What do we know about the drone?
A．It can cruise at an altitude of 300m.
B．It can only take off in rural regions.
C．It can fly at a speed of 120 km/h.
D．It can carry hundreds of parcels at once.
18．What does the underlined word “hindered” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Reduced.
B．Lost.
C．Blocked.
D．Misled.
19．Why does the writer mention the location of Xinzhou District?
A．To emphasize its national status.
B．To advocate regional protection.
C．To introduce the natural scenery.
D．To explain reasons for using drones.
20．What is the future of drone delivery according to Professor Zhang Dawei?
A．Promising.
B．Tough.
C．Alarming.
D．Uncertain.
【答案】17．D 18．C 19．D 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了武汉首条农村无人机配送航线的相关情况，包括无人机性
能、配送优势及发展前景。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Operated by skilled professionals, the payload hexacopter drone boasts an
impressive one-hour flight endurance (耐力) and can carry as many as 300 to 500 parcels at a time. (这款载重六旋
翼无人机由专业技术人员操控，续航能力可达一小时，一次最多可搭载300 至500 个包裹)”可知，该无人
机一次可以运送数百个包裹。故选D 项。
18．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文““Sometimes a delivery journey would have taken me over 40 minutes
on my motorcycle,” remarked Liu Jianying, a postman from the Xinzhou branch of China Post Group (CPG),(“有
时候，我骑摩托车送一次快递要花40 多分钟，”来自中国邮政集团新州分公司的邮递员刘建英说)”及下文
“by traffic jams or other road conditions. “The drones will significantly reduce transport time and enhance the
efficiency of parcel distribution,” he said. (交通堵塞或其他路况。“无人机将大幅缩短运输时间，提高包裹配
送效率，”他说)”可知，摩托车配送会受路况影响，而无人机不会，因此“hindered”的含义与“blocked(阻
碍)”相近。故选C 项。
19．推理判断题。根据第五段“ Xinzhou district is located in the remote Dabie Mountains, featuring vast
mountains and forests. Most of the villages are quite far apart in this area, leading to a dispersed ( 分散的)
population. As online shopping experiences significant growth and the demand for delivery continues to rise, this
drone delivery route is expected to become an important supplement. (新洲区地处偏远的大别山地区，山林广袤。
该地区大部分村庄相距甚远，人口分布分散。随着网购的迅猛发展以及配送需求的持续增长，这条无人机
配送航线有望成为一项重要补充)”可推知，作者提及新洲区的地理位置是为了解释在这里使用无人机配送
的原因。故选D 项。
20．推理判断题。根据第六段““During the initial stages, the purchase, maintenance and operation costs of
drones might be relatively high. But in the long term, as drones become widely used, the unit costs will decrease,
effectively addressing issues related to labor shortages and high logistics costs,” Zhang Dawei, a professor from the
institute of urban and rural governance at Central China Normal University, was quoted by Hubei Daily as saying.
(湖北日报援引华中师范大学城乡治理研究院教授张大维的话称：“在初期阶段，无人机的采购、维护和运
营成本可能相对较高。但从长远来看，随着无人机的广泛应用，单位成本将会下降，有效解决劳动力短缺
和物流成本高的问题。”)可知，张教授认为，无人机配送使得成本下降，解决了当地劳动力和物流成本问
题。由此推知，无人机配送的未来是充满前景的。故选A 项。
