一模前专题练09 完形填空之说明文&议论文
说明文
【体裁特点】
说明文是运用较为朴实的语言来客观地解释某个问题、某种现象类的文章。文章按一定的方法介绍事
物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程以及规律等。说明文类完形填
空具有如下特点：开篇点题，明确对象。作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，然后从不同的角度
进行说明；难度较大，结构严谨。说明文往往比较正式，语言表达表述准确严谨，句子较长，结构较为复
杂。
【考情概览】
根据最近三年新高考的考情分析，完形填空记叙文集中考查：动词、名词、形容词和副词等实词(包括
它们的短语)在完形填空语篇中的上下文中的正确使用；考查的关键不仅仅考查考生的词汇知识，同时，以
文章为裁体，全面考查考生对文章的总体把握和全面理解，考查考生的逻辑分析，推理判断等思维能力。
所以，命题多以“句组层次”题为主，以“句内层次”和“语篇层次”题为辅。笔者以为说明文体裁的完
形填空也不会例外，但是考查重点可能有所不同(参看下列解题锦囊中的叙述)。
【解题锦囊】
1. 快速阅读全文，掌握文章大意
对于说明文体裁的完形填空文章我们可以跳过空格，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意先有一个大体的
了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。
2. 明确说明对象，理清段落关系
通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概
括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系，加深对说明对象的理解。
3. 弄清说明顺序，把握作者态度
在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行解说。把握了说明顺序就能准确把握文章
的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关
系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质等)。另外，在理清作
者思路的基础上，还要注意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句，把握作者的写作情感和意图。
最后，灵活运用解题方法(参看本系列专题的三年真题解读03<完形填空>中《有的放矢 层层破解》的
方法)搞定答案。
【典例】
【2022·全国乙卷完形填空改编】
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highly
exciting about ___41___ someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably ___42___ at hiding. They often cover only
their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ___43___.
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was ___44___ as evidence that children are hopelessly
“egocentric”( 自我中心的)creatures.But our surprising research results in child developmental psychology
___45___ that idea.
We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each ___46___ sat
down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ___47___ We then asked the child if she could ___48___ or
hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same thing happened when the adult covered
her own mouth: Now children said that they couldn’t ___49___ to her.
A number of ___50___ ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results
were clear: Our young subjects comprehended the questions and knew exactly what was asked of them. Their
___51___ to the questions reflected their true ___52___ that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They
simply ___53___ mutual(相互的)recognition and regard. Our ___54___ suggest when a child “hides” by putting
a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method ___55___ when
others use it.
41. A. following
B. taking
C. escaping
D. directing
42. A. clever
B. bad
C. scared
D. quick
43. A. exposed
B. examined
C. untouched
D. imbalanced
44. A. supported
B. guaranteed
C. imagined
D. interpreted
45. A. explained
B. confirmed
C. contradicted
D. tested
46. A. parent
B. child
C. researcher
D. doctor
47. A. feet
B. nose
C. hands
D. ears
48. A. see
B. help
C. reach
D. fool
49. A. speak
B. listen
C. turn
D. wave
50. A. instructions
B. descriptions
C. experiments
D. assumptions
51. A. responses
B. approaches
C. contribution
D. sensitivity
52. A. ability
B. belief
C. identity
D. purpose
53. A. hold back
B. relate to
C. insist on
D. make up
54. A. limitations
B. requirements
C. theories
D. findings
55. A. tentative
B. impressive
C. creative
D. effective
【答案】
41. C 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. C 46. B 47. D 48. A 49. A 50. C
51. A 52. B 53. C 54. D 55. D
【整体感知】(仅供考生自主练习或考试后反思<复盘>时以及教师考后讲评时参考)
一、快速阅读全文，掌握文章大意
这是一篇说明文。文章主旨大意是：学龄前儿童在玩捉迷藏的游戏时，通常表现出“顾头不顾尾(常采
用只遮眼睛的“无效”藏法)”的滑稽样子。之前这种行为被解释为是“以自我为中心”的表现，但最新的
实验结果表明，情况并非如此。
二、明确说明对象，理清段落关系
1. 说明对象
幼儿捉迷藏时的“特殊藏法”及其背后的真实心理(非自我中心，而是坚持相互认可)。
2. 段落关系(逻辑递进)
Para 1：引出现象——全球幼儿都喜爱捉迷藏。
Para 2：描述具体行为——幼儿藏得顾头不顾尾(常采用只遮眼睛的“无效”藏法)。
Para 3：提出冲突——传统观点(自我中心)与新研究结果(推翻传统认知)形成冲突。
Para 4：详述研究过程——通过2-4 岁幼儿与成人的互动实验，收集幼儿反馈。
Para 5：得出结论——排除误解后，证实幼儿的藏法源于对“相互认可”的坚持，而非自我中心。
三、弄清说明顺序，把握作者态度
1. 说明顺序
采用逻辑顺序，遵循“现象→传统观点→研究验证→新结论”的脉络。先呈现幼儿藏得差的现象，再引
出传统解读，接着通过实验数据反驳传统观点，最后推出符合幼儿心理的新结论，层层递进、逻辑严谨。
2. 作者态度
保持客观严谨的科学态度，以研究数据为支撑展开论述。通过 “surprising research results” “The results
were clear”等表述，既体现对传统观点的质疑，又不主观臆断，而是基于实验结果呈现真实结论，突出研
究的科学性和可信度。
【具体解析】
41. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，避开别人的视线，让自己不被人看见是一件非常令人兴奋的
事情。A. following 跟随；B. taking 带走；C. escaping 逃走；D. directing 导演。根据后文“someone
else’s glance”以及常理可知，孩子们之所以喜欢玩捉迷藏的游戏，是因为当他们藏起来的时候，感觉
自己能够躲避(escaping)寻找者的视线，所以非常紧张刺激，故选C。
42. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们都看到学龄前儿童非常不擅长隐藏。A. clever 聪明的；B.
bad 坏的、差的；C. scared 害怕的；D. quick 快速的。根据下文提到“只用手遮住眼睛，而身体的其
他部分则暴露在外”可知，学龄前儿童不善于(be bad at)隐藏，故选B。
43. 考查过去分词词义辨析。句意：他们通常只用手遮住眼睛，而身体的其他部分则暴露在外。A.
exposed 暴露的；B. examined 被检查的；C. untouched 未受影响的；D. imbalanced 不平衡的。根据
“cover only their eyes”和生活常识可知，学龄前儿童在躲藏时往往只捂住自己的眼睛，却把身体的其
他部分暴露(exposed)出来，故选A。
44. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：很长一段时间以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自
我中心”生物的证据。A. supported 支持；B. guaranteed 保证；C. imagined 想象；D. interpreted 解
释。根据后文“as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” creatures”可知，长时间以来，儿童
的这种无效躲藏的方式被解释(interpreted)为“儿童是自我中心型生物”的证据，故选D。
45. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这种观点相矛盾。A.
explained 解释；B. confirmed 确认；C. contradicted 相矛盾；D. tested 测试。根据下文实验的结论得出
孩子会这么做是因为坚持相互承认和尊重，可知，这个结果与之前人们的想法是完全矛盾的
(contradicted)，故选C。
46. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个孩子都和一个大人坐在一起，大人捂着自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. parent
父母；B. child 孩子；C. researcher 研究人员；D. doctor 医生。根据上文出现的“young children”以及
下文的“an adult”可知，此处指的是小孩子(child)，故选B。
47. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个孩子都和一个大人坐在一起，大人捂着自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. feet
脚；B. nose 鼻子；C. hands 手；D. ears 耳朵。根据下文出现的“or hear the adult”可知，此处指的是
蒙上眼睛或捂住耳朵(ears)，故选D。
48. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们问孩子是否能看到或听到大人的声音。A. see 看见；B. help 帮
助；C. reach 到达；D. fool 愚弄。根据上文出现的“who covered her own eyes”可知，此处指的是看到
(see)，故选A。
49. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当大人捂住自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：现在孩子们说他们不能和她
说话。A. speak 说话；B. listen 听；C. turn 转向；D. wave 挥动。根据上文内容“covered her own
mouth”可知，因为大人捂着嘴巴，所以孩子们说他们不能与大人讲话(speak)，故选A。
50. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些实验排除了孩子们误解他们被问到的问题的可能性。A. instructions 指
令；B. descriptions 描述；C. experiments 实验；D. assumptions 假定。根据上文内容可知，这是进行
的科学实验，但是一次实验肯定不能得出结论，所以进行很多次实验(experiments)，排除了孩子们误
解问题的可能性，故选C。
51. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对问题的回答反映了他们的真实信念：“只有你也能看到我，我才能
看到你。”A. responses 回答；B. approaches 方法；C. contribution 贡献；D. sensitivity 敏感。根据上
文内容以及下文的questions 可知，此处指的是孩子们对问题的回答(responses)，故选A。
52. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对问题的回答反映了他们的真实信念：“只有你也能看到我，我才能
看到你。”A. ability 能力；B. belief 信念；C. identity 身份；D. purpose 目的。根据下文“I can see
you only if you can see me, too”可知，孩子们真实的信念(belief)是：只有你能看到我，我才能看到你，
故选B。
53. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back 抑制；B. relate to 与……有
关；C. insist on 坚持；D. make up 弥补。根据后文“mutual recognition and regard”以及上文的实验过
程和结果可知，孩子们在捉迷藏中的表现表明，他们只是坚持(insist on)相互承认和尊重，故选C。
54. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果表明，当一个孩子把毯子盖在头上“藏起来”时，这并不
是自我中心主义的结果。A. limitations 限制；B. requirements 要求；C. theories 理论；D. findings 结
果。根据上文内容可知，科学实验有了新的发现或结果(findings)，完全推翻了之前的结论，故选D。
55. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，当别人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为这种方法是有效的。A.
tentative 试探性的；B. impressive 印象深刻的；C. creative 创造性的；D. effective 有效的。根据上文
内容以及上文出现的“this ineffective hiding method”可知，事实上，当别人用这个方法时，孩子们就
会认为这个方法是有效的(effective)，故选D。
议论文
【体裁特点】
议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。文章或从正面提出某种见
解、主张，或是驳斥别人的错误观点。议论文类完形填空具有如下特点：开诚布公，论点明确。议论文一
般在首句提出论点，然后在各段的首句提出分论点；结构清晰，逻辑严谨。作者为了使文章的脉络清晰，
一般会使用一些逻辑关联词(或短语)使思维缜密、逻辑严谨；方法论证，合情合理。议论文都是按一定的
方法来论证的。所常用的论证方法有：归纳法、推理法(包括演绎法)、对照法等。
【考情概览】
根据最近三年新高考的考情分析，完形填空记叙文集中考查：动词、名词、形容词和副词等实词(包括
它们的短语)在完形填空语篇中的上下文中的正确使用；考查的关键不仅仅考查考生的词汇知识，同时，以
文章为裁体，全面考查考生对文章的总体把握和全面理解，考查考生的逻辑分析，推理判断等思维能力。
所以，命题多以“句组层次”题为主，以“句内层次”和“语篇层次”题为辅。笔者以为议论文体裁的完
形填空也不会例外，但是考查重点可能有所不同(参看下列解题锦囊中的叙述)。
【解题锦囊】
一、解读主旨
通常要解读首句和首段，因为首段常为引出话题，接下来的句子可能就是提出问题，为后面的讨论打
下伏笔。
二、分析段落
分析各段落中句与句之间的前后照应；分析(上)段尾句与(下)段首句之间的上下照应。
三、甄别“三论”
甄别核心论点有哪些(可能不止一个)、论据是什么(不止一个)以及运用了什么论证方法(最常用的是举
例论证，又称之为“事实论证”)。顺便划出反映文章主旨的词汇；
最后，灵活运用解题方法(参看本系列专题的三年真题解读03<完形填空>中《有的放矢 层层破解》的
方法)搞定答案。
【典例】
【2024-2025·甘肃省兰州市高三上四模】
The concept of happiness is something that has intrigued philosophers, psychologists, and ordinary people
alike for centuries. What exactly is happiness, and how can we ___41___ it?
For some, happiness might be ___42___ by material possessions. They believe that having a big house, a
luxurious car, and the latest gadgets will bring them contentment. However, research has shown that while these
things can provide a ___43___ of pleasure, they do not necessarily lead to long-term happiness.
Others may think that achieving great success in their careers is the key to happiness. They work long hours,
strive for promotions, and aim to reach the top of their profession. But often, those who ___44___ high levels of
career success still feel a sense of emptiness inside.
In fact, happiness seems to be more closely related to our internal state of mind and our relationships with
others. People who have strong and ___45___ social connections, such as close friends and loving family
members, tend to report higher levels of happiness. Spending quality time with loved ones, sharing laughter and
tears, and providing ___46___ and receiving it in return can create a deep sense of well-being.
Another important factor in happiness is having a ___47___. People who have a clear sense of purpose in
life, whether it’s helping others, pursuing a creative passion, or making a difference in the world, are more likely to
feel fulfilled. When we have a goal that we are ___48___ towards, it gives us a reason to get up in the morning and
a sense of meaning in our lives.
Moreover, the ability to ___49___ gratitude is also crucial. Instead of focusing on what we lack, those who
are able to appreciate the small blessings in life, such as a beautiful sunset, a kind gesture from a stranger, or a
delicious meal, are more likely to experience happiness. Gratitude helps us to shift our perspective and see the
positive aspects of our lives.
However, happiness is not a constant state. We all experience ___50___ and setbacks in life. The key is how
we ___51___ to these challenges. Those who are able to maintain a positive attitude, learn from their mistakes, and
bounce back from difficulties are more likely to regain their happiness.
In conclusion, happiness is a complex and multi-faceted concept. It is not simply about external
achievements or possessions, but rather about our internal mindset, our relationships, our sense of purpose, and our
ability to appreciate the good in life. By ___52___ these different aspects, we can strive to create a more fulfilling
and happy life for ourselves.
So, the next time you find yourself ___53___ what happiness is, remember that it is within your reach. It
may require some self-reflection, a change in perspective, and a conscious effort to ___54___ positive
relationships and a sense of purpose. But the rewards of happiness are ___55___ the investment.
41. A. define
B. achieve
C. measure
D. analyze
42. A. defined
B. limited
C. equated
D. compared
43. A. moment
B. level
C. type
D. sense
44. A. acquire
B. require
C. inquire
D. request
45. A. positive
B. negative
C. neutral
D. passive
46. A. support
B. challenge
C. criticism
D. competition
47. A. goal
B. job
C. hobby
D. talent
48. A. working
B. moving
C. looking
D. aiming
49. A. express
B. feel
C. show
D. practice
50. A. difficulties
B. opportunities
C. pleasures
D. successes
51. A. react
B. respond
C. answer
D. reply
52. A. balancing
B. considering
C. ignoring
D. separating
53. A. wondering
B. wandering
C. doubting
D. questioning
54. A. build
B. break
C. destroy
D. abandon
55. A. worthy
B. worth
C. worthwhile
D. worthless
【整体感知】(仅供考生自主练习或考试后反思<复盘>时以及教师考后讲评时参考)
一、解读主旨
这是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了幸福的本质与实现路径，否定了“物质财富”“职业成功”等外在
因素对幸福的决定性作用，强调了幸福源于内在心态、积极人际关系、人生目标感及感恩能力。
首段的“引出+设问”奠定主旨方向：首句“几个世纪以来，幸福的概念一直吸引着哲学家、心理学
家和普通人”，直接锁定全文核心话题——幸福(happiness)。第二句“幸福究竟是什么，我们又该如何获
得它？”，抛出两大核心探讨点：幸福的定义(本质)、幸福的实现方式(路径)，为后文展开设定框架。全文
围绕主旨层层推进：先批判两类错误幸福观，再分点阐述真正的幸福来源，最后总结实现幸福的方法，首
尾呼应。
二、分析段落
文章通过逻辑连接词、观点转折、内容递进实现句间与段间的紧密照应，形成“提出观点——反
驳/补充——深化”的清晰逻辑链。
句间照应：逻辑衔接紧密，观点表达连贯。转折式照应：先呈现错误认知，再用转折词引出作者观
点，形成对比(However, But)；递进式照应：用 “Moreover”“Another important factor” 等词，在核心论点
基础上补充新维度，层层深化幸福的来源。
段间照应：上下衔接自然，形成闭环。批判与立论的衔接：第三段尾句指出 “职业成功无法填补内
心空虚”，第四段首句以“In fact”承接，直接引出核心立论——“幸福与内在心态、人际关系更相关”，
实现“否定错误→确立正确”的合理过渡。
首尾照应：结尾段(倒数第二段)“In conclusion”总结全文，回应首段的“幸福是什么、如何获得”，最
后一段进一步鼓励读者行动，形成“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”的闭环。
三、甄别 “三论”
文章以“多维度幸福观”为核心论点，通过具体事例、错误观点对比等作为论据，运用对比论证、举
例论证、道理论证展开论述。
论点
幸福不能等同于物质财富，物质仅能带来短暂快乐
职业成功并非幸福的关键，内在充实比外在成就更重要
积极的人际关系(亲友陪伴、相互支持)是幸福的重要支撑
清晰的人生目标与使命感，能带来深层的满足感(幸福)
感恩能力与面对挫折的正向心态，是维持幸福的关键
论据
反面论据
(否定错误幸福观)
物质主义者的认知：拥有大房子、豪车、最新电子产品就能
获得满足感
功利主义者的认知：长时间工作、追求晋升、登顶行业就能
获得幸福
正面论据
(支撑正确幸福观)
事实论据：
有亲密朋友和有爱家人的人，幸福指数更高
有人生目标的人更易感到充实
事例论据：
与爱人共度美好时光、分享喜怒哀乐
欣赏日落、感恩陌生人的善意、享受美食
道理论据：
研究表明物质无法带来长期幸福
感恩能转变视角，看到生活的积极面
论证方法
对比论证
将“物质/职业成就导向的幸福观”与“内在/关系导向的幸
福观”对比，突出核心论点
举例论证
通过具体场景(如亲友陪伴、感恩小事、追求目标)让论点更具
象，增强说服力
道理论证
结合研究结果、逻辑分析(如 “幸福非恒定状态，关键在应
对挫折的心态”)，强化论点的合理性
反映文章主旨的核心词汇：
happiness(幸福)、contentment(满足)、fulfilled(充实的)、well-being(幸福感)、purpose(目标/使命感)、
gratitude(感恩)、positive relationships(积极人际关系)、internal state of mind(内在心态)、long-term
happiness(长期幸福)等等。
【具体解析】
【答案】
41. B 42. C 43. A 44. A 45. A 46. A 47. A 48. B 49. D 50. A
51. B 52. B 53. A 54. A 55. B
41. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸福究竟是什么，我们如何实现它？A. define 定义；B. achieve 实现；C.
measure 衡量；D. analyze 分析。根据下文“ For some, happiness might be ___42___ by material
possessions.”以及“Others may think that achieving great success in their careers is the key to happiness.”可
知，文章探讨的是如何“实现”幸福，故选B 项。
42. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对一些人来说，幸福可能等同于物质财富。A. defined 定义；B. limited 限
制；C. equated 等同；D. compared 比较。根据下文的“They believe that having a big house, a luxurious
car, and the latest gadgets will bring them contentment.” 可知，这些人将幸福与物质“ 等同” ，
equate...with...为固定搭配，故选C 项。
43. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而研究表明，虽然这些东西能带来片刻的快乐，但不一定带来长期幸
福。A. moment 时刻；B. level 水平；C. type 类型；D. sense 感觉。根据while 以及下文的“they do
not necessarily lead to long-term happiness.”为让步关系可知，此处“long-term happiness.”相呼应，所以
此处指的是物质带来的是“片刻”的快乐，故选A 项。
44. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但往往那些获得高职业成就的人内心仍感到空虚。A. acquire 获得；B.
require 要求；C. inquire 询问；D. request 请求。根据上文的“Others may think that achieving great
success in their careers is the key to happiness.”可知，此处介绍的是事业上的成功是幸福的关键，结合
But often 以及下文的“high levels of career success”可知，此处指的是“获得”高职业成就的人内心仍
感到空虚，故选A 项。
45. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：拥有牢固且积极的社交关系，比如亲密朋友和挚爱的家人的人，往往幸
福感更高。A. positive 积极的；B. negative 消极的；C. neutral 中立的；D. passive 被动的。根据下文
的“such as close friends and loving family members, tend to report higher levels of happiness.”可知，此处
指“积极的”社交关系，故选A 项。
46. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：与所爱的人共度美好时光，分享欢笑和泪水，提供支持并得到回报，能创
造深刻的幸福感。A. support 支持；B. challenge 挑战；C. criticism 批评；D. competition 竞争。根据
上文的“Spending quality time with loved ones, sharing laughter and tears”以及下文的“and receiving it in
return”可知，此处介绍的是能创造深刻幸福感的方式，由此可知，此处指的是互相“支持”能带来幸
福感，符合语境，故选A 项。
47. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸福的另一个重要因素是有目标。A. goal 目标；B. job 工作；C. hobby 爱
好；D. talent 天赋。根据下文“People who have a clear sense of purpose in life”可知，此处指拥有人生
“目标”也能带来快乐，故选A 项。
48. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们有一个为之努力的目标时，它给了我们早上起床的理由和生活的意
义。A. working 工作；B. moving 前进；C. looking 看；D. aiming 瞄准。根据下文的“it gives us a
reason to get up in the morning and a sense of meaning in our lives.”可知，有了人生目标就给自己的生活
带来意义，结合towards 可知，此处指的是“为目标努力”的时候，move towards...为固定搭配，意为
“为……努力”，故选B 项。
49. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，践行感恩的能力也至关重要。A. express 表达；B. feel 感受；C.
show 展示；D. practice 践行。根据下文的“Instead of focusing on what we lack, those who are able to
appreciate the small blessings in life, such as a beautiful sunset, a kind gesture from a stranger, or a delicious
meal, are more likely to experience happiness.”可知，此处强调“践行”感恩的行动，故选D 项。
50. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在生活中都会经历困难和挫折。A. difficulties 困难；B. opportunities
机会；C. pleasures 快乐；D. successes 成功。根据下文的“ and setbacks in life.” 可知，此处与
“setbacks”并列，指生活中的“困难”符合语境，故选A 项。
51. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：关键是我们如何应对这些挑战。A. react 反应(侧重情绪)；B. respond 回应
(侧重行动)；C. answer 回答；D. reply 回复。根据上文的“We all experience ___50___ and setbacks in
life.”可知，我们在生活中都会经历困难和挫折，结合how 以及下文的“these challenges”可知，此处指
的是关键是如何积极“应对”困难和挫折，符合语境，故选B 项。
52. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过考虑这些不同的方面，我们可以努力为自己创造更充实和幸福的生
活。A. balancing 平衡；B. considering 考虑；C. ignoring 忽视；D. separating 分离。根据下文的“we
can strive to create a more fulfilling and happy life for ourselves.”可知，通过“考虑”幸福的多方面因素，
我们可以努力为自己创造更充实和幸福的生活，故选B 项。
53. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，下次当你想知道幸福是什么时，请记住它触手可及。A. wondering
想知道；B. wandering 徘徊；C. doubting 怀疑；D. questioning 质疑。根据下文的“what happiness is”
以及“remember that it is within your reach.”可知，此处建议人们幸福触手可及，由此可推断，此处指
在你“想知道”幸福的定义的时候，符合语境，故选A 项。
54. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它可能需要一些自我反思，改变视角，并有意识地努力建立积极的人际关
系和目标感。A. build 建立；B. break 打破；C. destroy 摧毁；D. abandon 放弃。根据上文的“People
who have strong and ___45___ social connections, such as close friends and loving family members, tend to
report higher levels of happiness.”以及下文的“positive relationships”可知，此处指的是“建立”积极的
人际关系，故选A 项。
55. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但幸福的回报值得这份投入。A. worthy 值得的(后接of)；B. worth 值得
(后接名词/动名词)；C. worthwhile 值得的(可作表语/定语)；D. worthless 无价值的。根据上文的“It
may require some self-reflection, a change in perspective, and a conscious effort to ___54___ positive
relationships and a sense of purpose.”可知，为实现幸福需要付出很多的努力，结合but 以及空后为名词
“the investment”可知，此处表示“这些投资”是“值得的”符合语境，故选B 项。
1
(2026 届四川省资阳市高三一模)One night, Sean saw an interesting scene. Four robots were lined up. They
appeared to have been ___41___ in their tracks because the leader was stopped behind a carelessly placed bike.
Some people tried to help, but soon they were annoyed at the lead robot’s lack of ___42___ their efforts.
People might not realize these robots were ___43___ to the rule that they wouldn’t move until humans stopped
crossing in front of them.
It’s not ___44___ being a delivery robot. In America, they have been kicked or hit ___45___ by angry
people. They’ve become popular subjects of online fail videos. In these videos, they can be seen ___46___ stairs or
bumping into the furniture.
There are also some potential ___47___ to overcome before delivery robots can be widely used. Because of
___48___ concerns, many cities have banned these robots. A scientist from Michigan expressed similar ___49___.
He pointed out the danger the robots would bring to the public if they failed to work properly. ___50___, delivery
robots have a fairly low carrying capacity. That’s to say, the number and type of deliveries that they can complete is
few.
Besides, the robots need to remain within a certain range of a ___51___ station in case they run out of
power. Therefore, they are also ___52___ in their potential range. This could make their application ___53___,
especially in areas far from major city centers.
Society’s growing ___54___ for contactless delivery services has driven up demand for delivery robots.
However, these machines still have a long way to go before they have what it truly takes to face the ___55___
realities of the real world.
41. A. tested
B. targeted
C. stuck
D. harmed
42. A. response to
B. reward with
C. review of
D. blame for
43. A. important
B. loyal
C. close
D. unique
44. A. common
B. interesting
C. easy
D. fair
45. A. heavily
B. curiously
C. helplessly
D. carefully
46. A. walking up
B. sitting on
C. cleaning up
D. falling down
47. A. benefits
B. illnesses
C. challenges
D. mistakes
48. A. safety
B. health
C. environment
D. future
49. A. dreams
B. doubts
C. feelings
D. desires
50. A. Surprisingly
B. Additionally
C. Fortunately
D. Thankfully
51. A. charging
B. space
C. departing
D. comfort
52. A. lost
B. disappointed
C. limited
D. engaged
53. A. worthwhile
B. reliable
C. threatening
D. slow
54. A. control
B. preference
C. competition
D. fear
55. A. cultural
B. pleasant
C. physical
D. unpredictable
【答案】
41. C 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. A 46. D 47. C 48. A 49. B 50. B
51. A 52. C 53. D 54. B 55. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了送货机器人面临的挑战与应用前景。
41. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：四个机器人排成一排，它们似乎被卡在了原地，因为领头的机器人被一辆
随意放置的自行车挡住了。A. tested 测试；B. targeted 瞄准；C. stuck 卡住；D. harmed 伤害。根据后文
“because the leader was stopped behind a carelessly placed bike”可知，领头的机器人被一辆随意放置的
自行车挡住了，所以四个机器人被卡在了原地，故选C。
42. 考查名词短语辨析。句意：有些人试图帮忙，但很快他们就对领头的机器人对他们的努力缺乏反应感
到恼火。A. response to 对……的反应；B. reward with 以……作为奖赏；C. review of 对……的评论；D.
blame for 因……责备。 根据前文“Some people tried to help, but soon they were annoyed at the lead
robot’s lack”可知，人们帮忙但机器人没有回应，导致人们恼火，故选A。
43. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们可能没有意识到这些机器人忠于“在人类停止从它们面前穿过之
前，它们不会移动”的规则。A. important 重要的；B. loyal 忠诚的；C. close 接近的；D. unique 独特
的。根据后文“to the rule that they wouldn’t move until humans stopped crossing in front of them”可知，
机器人按程序运行的特点是遵守“在人类停止从它们面前穿过之前，它们不会移动”的规则。“be
loyal to the rule”表示“恪守规则”，故选B。
44. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当一个送货机器人并不容易。A. common 常见的；B. interesting 有趣的；
C. easy 容易的；D. fair 公平的。根据后文“In America, they have been kicked or hit ___45___ by angry
people. They’ve become popular subjects of online fail videos”可知，在美国，送货机器人被愤怒的人踢或
打，它们已经成为网上失败视频的热门主题，所以当一个送货机器人并不容易，故选C。
45. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在美国，它们被愤怒的人重重地踢或打。A. heavily 重重地；B. curiously 好
奇地；C. helplessly 无助地；D. carefully 小心地。根据前文“In America, they have been kicked”可知，
在美国，送货机器人被愤怒的人重重地踢或打，故选A。
46. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在这些视频中，可以看到它们摔倒在楼梯上或撞到家具上。A. walking up
走上；B. sitting on 坐在；C. cleaning up 清理；D. falling down 摔倒。根据后文“stairs or bumping into
the furniture”可知，送货机器人摔倒在楼梯上或撞到家具上，故选D。
47. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在送货机器人能够被广泛使用之前，还有一些潜在的挑战需要克服。A.
benefits 好处；B. illnesses 疾病；C. challenges 挑战；D. mistakes 错误。根据后文“ Because
of ___48___ concerns, many cities have banned these robots.”以及“He pointed out the danger the robots
would bring to the public if they failed to work properly.”可知，由于安全问题和机器人可能带来的危险，
许多城市禁止了这些机器人，所以在送货机器人能够被广泛使用之前，还有一些潜在的挑战需要克
服，故选C。
48. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于安全方面的担忧，许多城市禁止了这些机器人。A. safety 安全；B.
health 健康；C. environment 环境；D. future 未来。根据后文“He pointed out the danger the robots would
bring to the public if they failed to work properly.”可知，科学家指出如果机器人不能正常工作，它们会给
公众带来危险，所以由于安全方面的担忧，许多城市禁止了这些机器人，故选A。
49. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位来自密歇根州的科学家表达了类似的怀疑。A. dreams 梦想；B. doubts
怀疑；C. feelings 感觉；D. desires 欲望。根据后文“He pointed out the danger the robots would bring to
the public if they failed to work properly.”可知，科学家指出如果机器人不能正常工作，它们会给公众带
来危险，所以这位科学家对送货机器人表达了类似的怀疑，故选B。
50. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，送货机器人的承载能力相当低。A. Surprisingly 令人惊讶地；B.
Additionally 此外；C. Fortunately 幸运地；D. Thankfully 感激地。根据后文“delivery robots have a fairly
low carrying capacity”可知，除了安全问题和机器人可能带来的危险之外，送货机器人的承载能力也相
当低，所以此处表示“此外”，故选B。
51. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，机器人需要保持在充电站的一定范围内，以防它们耗尽电量。A.
charging 充电；B. space 空间；C. departing 离开；D. comfort 舒适。根据后文“in case they run out of
power”可知，以防机器人耗尽电量，所以机器人需要保持在充电站的一定范围内，故选A。
52. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，它们的潜在活动范围也受到限制。A. lost 迷失的；B. disappointed
失望的；C. limited 有限的；D. engaged 忙碌的。根据前文“the robots need to remain within a certain
range of a ___51___ station in case they run out of power”可知，机器人需要保持在充电站的一定范围
内，以防它们耗尽电量，所以它们的潜在活动范围也受到限制，故选C。
53. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这可能会使它们的应用变得缓慢，尤其是在远离主要城市中心的地区。
A. worthwhile 值得的；B. reliable 可靠的；C. threatening 威胁的；D. slow 缓慢的。根据前文
“Therefore, they are also ___52___ in their potential range.”可知，机器人的潜在活动范围受到限制，所
以这可能会使它们的应用变得缓慢，故选D。
54. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：社会对无接触配送服务日益增长的偏好推动了对配送机器人的需求。A.
control 控制；B. preference 偏好；C. competition 竞争；D. fear 恐惧。根据后文“for contactless delivery
services has driven up demand for delivery robots”可知，社会对无接触配送服务日益增长的偏好推动了对
配送机器人的需求，故选B。
55. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这些机器人在真正具备面对现实世界不可预测的现实的能力之
前，还有很长的路要走。A. cultural 文化的；B. pleasant 令人愉快的；C. physical 身体的；D.
unpredictable 不可预测的。 根据前文“However, these machines still have a long way to go”以及后文
“realities of the real world”可知，这些机器人在真正具备面对现实世界不可预测的现实的能力之前，
还有很长的路要走，故选D。
2
(贵州省贵阳市七校联考2025-2026 学年高三上学期联合考试一)On a hot summer morning in Colorado,
Derrick Hoffman was ___41___ examining a row of cherry tomato plants. He and his team were looking for the
___42___ tomatoes. The timing was important — these tomatoes had to match the school lunch schedule. Once
___43___, they would be sent to the Greeley Evans School District food services warehouse just five miles away.
Hoffman runs a 100-acre farm, where he grows a(n) ___44___ of vegetables like peppers, eggplants and
broccoli. This fall, his produce will be ___45___ in the cafeterias of local schools. He is part of the growing Farm
to School movement that is improving the ___46___ of school lunches.
When Farm to School programming works as designed, kids fill their ___47___ with fresh, nutritious food,
and local farm economies get a major ___48___, creating a more stable regional food supply chain. ___49___ call
it a “triple win” — benefiting kids, farmers, and schools.
However, it is not always easy to make this idea ___50___ . Many schools struggle to purchase, store, and
prepare fresh, local food. ___51___ harvest schedules with school menus, ensuring food safety, and training
cafeteria workers all ___52___ time, money, and people working well together. Despite these challenges, the
movement is making ___53___ . By 2019, over 60,000 schools had ___54___ Farm to School programs.
For farmers like Hoffman, the Farm to School program is more than a business ___55___ — it’s a way to
connect with the next generation, build healthier communities, and plant the seeds for a more sustainable future.
41. A. calmly
B. carefully
C. quickly
D. casually
42. A. softest
B. roundest
C. biggest
D. ripest
43. A. picked
B. planted
C. watered
D. stored
44. A. kind
B. amount
C. variety
D. group
45. A. served
B. displayed
C. sorted
D. packed
46. A. style
B. taste
C. quality
D. appearance
47. A. boxes
B. bags
C. hands
D. plates
48. A. label
B. boost
C. discount
D. update
49. A. Teachers
B. Opponents
C. Visitors
D. Advocates
50. A. change
B. work
C. break
D. stop
51. A. Matching
B. Following
C. Comparing
D. Choosing
52. A. increase
B. divide
C. require
D. save
53. A. sense
B. power
C. contact
D. progress
54. A. responded to
B. participated in
C. taken over
D. focused on
55. A. case
B. practice
C. solution
D. opportunity
【答案】
41. B 42. D 43. A 44. C 45. A 46. C 47. D 48. B 49. D 50. B
51. A 52. C 53. D 54. B 55. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“农场到学校”运动，该运动由霍夫曼等农民参与，将农场
新鲜蔬菜供应到学校食堂，虽实施有挑战，但已取得进展，对农民、孩子和学校都有益。
41. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在科罗拉多州一个炎热的夏日早晨，德里克·霍夫曼正在仔细地检查一排樱
桃番茄植株。A. calmly 平静地；B. carefully 仔细地；C. quickly 快速地；D. casually 随意地。根据下文
“He and his team were looking for the ___42___ tomatoes.”可知，他和团队在寻找东西，所以此处表示
仔细检查植株，故选B。
42. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他和他的团队正在寻找最成熟的番茄。A. softest 最柔软的；B. roundest
最圆的；C. biggest 最大的；D. ripest 最成熟的。根据下文“The timing was important — these tomatoes
had to match the school lunch schedule.”可知，番茄要符合学校午餐时间安排，所以应是找最成熟的，故
选D。
43. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦被采摘，它们就会被送到仅五英里外的格里利埃文斯学区食品服务仓
库。A. picked 采摘；B. planted 种植；C. watered 浇水；D. stored 储存。根据下文“they would be sent to
the Greeley Evans School District food services warehouse just five miles away.”可知，番茄要被送走，前
提是被采摘，故选A。
44. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：霍夫曼经营着一个100 英亩的农场，他在那里种植各种蔬菜，如辣椒、茄
子和西兰花。A. kind 种类；B. amount 数量；C. variety 各式各样；D. group 组。根据下文“like
peppers, eggplants and broccoli”可知，农场种植多种蔬菜，a variety of 表示“各种各样的”，故选C。
45. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年秋天，他的农产品将在当地学校的食堂供应。A. served 供应；B.
displayed 展示；C. sorted 分类；D. packed 打包。根据下文“in the cafeterias of local schools. He is part of
the growing Farm to School movement that is improving the ___46___ of school lunches.”以及语境可知，
农产品要在学校食堂供应，故选A。
46. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他是日益壮大的“农场到学校”运动的一部分，该运动正在提高学校午餐
的质量。A. style 风格；B. taste 味道；C. quality 质量；D. appearance 外观。根据下文“When Farm to
School programming works as designed, kids fill their ___47___ with fresh, nutritious food, and local farm
economies get a major ___48___, creating a more stable regional food supply chain. ___49___ call it a
“triple win” — benefiting kids, farmers, and schools.”可知，该运动提供新鲜有营养的食物，所以此处表
示提高学校的午餐的质量，故选C。
47. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当“农场到学校”项目按设计运作时，孩子们会在盘子里装满新鲜、有营
养的食物，当地农场经济会得到重大推动，从而创造更稳定的区域食品供应链。A. boxes 盒子；B.
bags 包；C. hands 手；D. plates 盘子。根据上文“kids fill their”以及后文“with fresh, nutritious food”可
知，此处表示的是孩子们在盘子里装满食物，故选D。
48. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当“农场到学校”项目按设计运作时，孩子们会在盘子里装满新鲜、有营
养的食物，当地农场经济会得到重大推动，从而创造更稳定的区域食品供应链。A. label 标签；B.
boost 推动；C. discount 折扣；D. update 更新。根据下文“creating a more stable regional food supply
chain.”可知，此处表示农场经济得到推动，进而创造更稳定的供应链，故选B。
49. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：支持者称其为“三赢”——对孩子们、农民和学校都有益。A. Teachers 老
师；B. Opponents 反对者；C. Visitors 参观者；D. Advocates 支持者。根据下文“call it a “triple win” —
benefiting kids, farmers, and schools.”可知，称其为“三赢”的应是支持者，故选D。
50. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，要让这个想法奏效并不总是那么容易。A. change 改变；B. work 奏
效；C. break 打破；D. stop 停止。根据下文“Many schools struggle to purchase, store, and prepare fresh,
local food.”可知，很多学校实施起来有困难，所以此处表示让这个想法奏效不容易，故选B。
51. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：协调收获时间表与学校菜单，确保食品安全，以及培训食堂工作人员，所
有这些都需要时间、金钱和人们良好的合作。A. Matching 协调；B. Following 跟随；C. Comparing 比
较；D. Choosing 选择。根据下文“harvest schedules with school menus,”以及常识可知，此处表示协调
收获时间和学校菜单，故选A。
52. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：协调收获时间表与学校菜单，确保食品安全，以及培训食堂工作人员，所
有这些都需要时间、金钱和人们良好的合作。A. increase 增加；B. divide 分开；C. require 需要；D.
save 节省。根据上文“___51___ harvest schedules with school menus, ensuring food safety, and training
cafeteria workers”以及语境可知，上文所提出的各项工作都需要时间、金钱和人们良好的合作，故选
C。
53. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管面临这些挑战，这项运动仍在取得进展。A. sense 感觉；B. power 力
量；C. contact 联系；D. progress 进展。根据下文“By 2019, over 60,000 schools had ___54___ Farm to
School programs.”可知，很多学校参与了项目，说明运动取得进展，故选D。
54. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：到2019 年，超过6 万所学校参与了“农场到学校”项目。A. responded to
回应；B. participated in 参与；C. taken over 接管；D. focused on 专注于。根据上文“Despite these
challenges, the movement is making ___53___.”可知，该项目取得进展，所以此处表示很多学校参与了
项目，故选B。
55. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于像霍夫曼这样的农民来说，“农场到学校”项目不仅仅是一个商业机
会——它是一种与下一代建立联系、建设更健康的社区以及为更可持续的未来播下种子的方式。A.
case 案例；B. practice 实践；C. solution 解决方案；D. opportunity 机会。根据上文“For farmers like
Hoffman”以及下文“it’s a way to connect with the next generation, build healthier communities, and plant
the seeds for a more sustainable future.”可知，对农民来说这不仅仅是个商业机会，故选D。
3
(2026 届广东省中山市一中高三第二次模拟)Most of us think of electricity only when something goes
wrong. A storm ___41___ the power out, or there’s a short in the wiring, or the monthly bill is unexpectedly high.
Normally, we switch on, the juice flows, and we think nothing of it.
According to the International Energy Agency, rising overall demand for electricity is outstripping (超过) the
world’s efforts to improve efficiency and boost renewables. The fact is, economic development will inevitably
require greater ___42___ of electricity. It is increasingly clear that nuclear power plants must play an important
role in this equation (制衡关系).
Nuclear power is, in many ways, the most promising source of zero-carbon electricity. Unlike solar, wind
and water power, electricity from nuclear plants is ___43___. Generators keep running when the sun is not shining,
the wind is not blowing and water levels are low. Nevertheless, the industry has an uncertain and dangerous
___44___. Take the United States as an example. There are fewer commercial reactors (商用核反应堆) in
___45___ today in the country than there were a generation ago. This year could see three commercial reactors
___46___. There are plans to shut down about 20 more over the coming years.
The problem is a misunderstanding of ___47___. Humans are constantly exposed to radiation — from the
sun, from the universe, from the very ground we walk on. The alarming near-meltdown at Pennsylvania’s Three
Mile Island plant in 1979 ___48___ exposed neighbors to about one-sixth the radiation dose they would receive
from having a single X-ray.
Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates is one of a growing number of ___49___ who believe that cheaper, smaller
reactors must play a significant part in the post-carbon energy mix. His company Terra Power has announced plans
to build a next-generation nuclear reactor at the site of a former coal-fired power plant in Wyoming. The goal is to
prove that nuclear power can be ___50___ to the grid ( 输电网) at a competitive price and on a reasonable
timeline.
I’m an optimistic supporter of renewable energy sources. I’m also a (n) ___51___ student of the various
impediments (阻碍) to the growth of these sources. I agree with Gates that the surest path to net-zero carbon
emissions is one that ___52___ every non-carbon energy source, including nuclear power. The model to have in
mind is not the hulking plant like Chernobyl. Instead, let’s consider the small, reliable reactors that have ___53___
the United States’ submarines and aircraft carriers. In 50-plus years of cruising, they have had no ___54___.
Carbon emissions and other greenhouse gases are the environmental challenge of our age. Nuclear power is
one tool for ___55___ ourselves of them — while keeping the lights on.
41. A. breaks
B. knocks
C. moves
D. sends
42. A. costs
B. benefit
C. qualities
D. supplies
43. A. affordable
B. movable
C. predictable
D. variable
44. A. impact
B. potential
C. reputation
D. tendency
45. A. operation
B. demand
C. charge
D. preparation
46. A. rebuilt
B. refunded
C. restored
D. retired
47. A. instructions
B. policies
C. risks
D. tasks
48. A. ultimately
B. exceedingly
C. critically
D. privately
49. A. employers
B. investors
C. operators
D. researchers
50. A. added
B. compared
C. exposed
D. returned
51. A. idealistic
B. ignorant
C. primitive
D. realistic
52. A. monitors
B. fascinates
C. maximizes
D. composes
53. A. assembled
B. powered
C. developed
D. resembled
54. A. accident
B. function
C. improvement
D. performance
55. A. accusing
B. ridding
C. reminding
D. warning
【答案】
41. B 42. D 43. C 44. C 45. A 46. D 47. C 48. A 49. B 50. A
51. D 52. C 53. B 54. A 55. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了核电作为零碳电力来源的潜力和重要性，以及公众对其风险
的误解，强调了核电在实现碳中和目标中的作用。
41. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：暴风雨导致停电，或者线路短路，或者每月账单出人意料地高。A. breaks
打破；B. knocks 敲打，把……撞击成(某种状态)；C. moves 移动；D. sends 发送。根据前文“Most of
us think of electricity only when something goes wrong.”和后文列举“there’s a short in the wiring, or the
monthly bill is unexpectedly high”可推知，“暴风雨导致停电”也是让人们想到电的糟糕情况之一；动
词短语knock out 意为“使无效”，knock the power out“切断电源”，符合语境，故选B 项。
42. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，经济发展将不可避免地需要更多的电力供应。A. costs 成本；B.
benefit 利益；C. qualities 质量；D. supplies 供应。根据前文“rising overall demand for electricity”和
“economic development”可推知，经济发展导致电力的需求不断增加，因此需要更多的电力供应，故
选D 项。
43. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与太阳能、风能和水能不同，核电站的电力是可预测的。A. affordable 负
担得起的；B. movable 可移动的；C. predictable 可预测的；D. variable 多变的。根据后文“Generators
keep running when the sun is not shining, the wind is not blowing and water levels are low”可知，核电站的
电力供应不受天气和水位等因素的影响，因此是可预测的，故选C 项。
44. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这个行业却背负着前途未卜且安全堪忧的名声。A. impact 影响；B.
potential 潜力；C. reputation 名声；D. tendency 趋势。根据前文“the industry has an uncertain and
dangerous”和“Take the United States as an example. There are fewer commercial reactors (商用核反应堆)
in ___45___ today in the country than there were a generation ago.”可知，核电前景具有不确性，且常引
发对其安全的担忧，常被人诟病，这是它的名声，故选C 项。
45. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，该国正在运行的商用核反应堆比一代人之前要少。A. operation 运
行；B. demand 需求；C. charge 费用；D. preparation 准备。根据前文“There are fewer commercial
reactors”和后文“than there were a generation ago”可知，正在运行的商用核反应堆数量减少了；in
operation 表示“在运行中”，故选A 项。
46. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年可能会有三个商用核反应堆退役。A. rebuilt 重建；B. refunded 退款；
C. restored 修复；D. retired 退役。根据后文“There are plans to shut down about 20 more over the coming
years”可知，未来几年计划关闭更多的商用核反应堆，因此今年可能会有三个退役，故选D 项。
47. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题在于对风险的误解。A. instructions 说明；B. policies 政策；C. risks 风
险；D. tasks 任务。根据后文“ Humans are constantly exposed to radiation — from the sun, from the
universe, from the very ground we walk on”和“The alarming near-meltdown at Pennsylvania’s Three Mile
Island plant in 1979 8 exposed neighbors to about one-sixth the radiation dose they would receive from
having a single X-ray”可知，人们认为核电辐射风险很大，但实际上人们一直在暴露于各种辐射中，像
1979 年宾夕法尼亚州三哩岛核电站的险情对附近居民的辐射剂量远低于一次X 光检查，所以人们对核
电的风险存在误解，故选C 项。
48. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：1979 年宾夕法尼亚州三哩岛核电站那场令人心惊的濒临熔毁事故，最终使
周边居民承受的辐射剂量仅相当于接受一次X 光检查的六分之一。A. ultimately 最终；B. exceedingly
极其；C. critically 严重地；D. privately 私下地。根据后文“exposed neighbors to about one-sixth the
radiation dose they would receive from having a single X-ray”可知，附近居民暴露的辐射剂量约为他们接
受一次X 光检查的六分之一，这是最终测定的数据，故选A 项。
49. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：微软联合创始人比尔·盖茨与越来越多投资者持有相同观点：更经济、更小
型化的核反应堆必须在后碳时代的能源结构中发挥重要作用。A. employers 雇主；B. investors 投资
者；C. operators 操作员；D. researchers 研究人员。根据后文“His company Terra Power has announced
plans to build a next-generation nuclear reactor”可知，比尔·盖茨的公司计划建造下一代核反应堆，说明
他是投资者之一，故选B 项。
50. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：此举旨在验证核能能够以具有竞争力的成本与合理的建设周期接入电网。
A. added 增加，接入；B. compared 比较；C. exposed 暴露；D. returned 返回。根据后文“to the grid (输
电网) at a competitive price and on a reasonable timeline”可知，核电要接入电网；be added to 表示“被加
入到”，故选A 项。
51. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同时，对于这些能源在发展过程中面临的重重阻碍，我也保持着清醒现
实的认知。A. idealistic 理想主义的；B. ignorant 无知的；C. primitive 原始的；D. realistic 现实的。根据
前文“I’m an optimistic supporter of renewable energy sources.”和后文“the various impediments (阻碍) to
the growth of these sources”可知，作者即对再生能源保持乐观，也对其发展阻碍有现实的认识，故选D
项。
52. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我同意盖茨的观点，即实现零碳排放的最可靠途径是最大化利用每一种非
碳能源，包括核能。A. monitors 监控；B. fascinates 使着迷；C. maximizes 最大化；D. composes 组成。
根据前文“the surest path to net-zero carbon emissions”和后文“every non-carbon energy source, including
nuclear power”可推知，实现零碳排放的最可靠途径是最大化利用每一种非碳能源，故选C 项。
53. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反，让我们考虑一下为美国潜艇和航空母舰提供动力的小型可靠反应
堆。A. assembled 组装；B. powered 提供动力；C. developed 发展；D. resembled 相似。根据前文“the
small, reliable reactors”和后文“the United States’ submarines and aircraft carriers”可知，此处指为美国潜
艇和航空母舰提供动力的小型核反应堆，故选B 项。
54. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在50 多年的航行中，它们没有发生过事故。A. accident 事故；B. function
功能；C. improvement 改进；D. performance 表现。根据前文“reliable reactors”和“In 50-plus years of
cruising”可知，这些小型反应堆很可靠，在50 多年的航行中没有发生过事故，故选A 项。
55. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：核电是使我们摆脱碳排放和其他温室气体的工具之一——同时保持电力供
应。A. accusing 指责；B. ridding 摆脱；C. reminding 提醒；D. warning 警告。根据前文“Carbon
emissions and other greenhouse gases are the environmental challenge of our age.”可知，碳排放与其他温室
气体已成为我们这个时代最严峻的环境挑战，所以我们需要把核电作为摆脱它们的工具；rid sb of sth
表示“使某人摆脱某物”，故选B 项。
4
(河北省部分省级示范性高中2025-2026 学年高三10 月阶段性测试)Imagine you are on a desert island
for the rest of your days. What one book would you most ___41___ to have with you? Much more often than not,
people ___42___ a great work of literature to keep them company for their ___43___ lives there.
Then, what is literature? The answer is found by ___44___ at literature itself. For example, consider the
very first ___45___ works we come into contact with over the ___46___ of our lives — children’s literature.
Most of us ___47___ the first steps into the world of reading in the ___48___: someone we love reads to us in
bed. So begins the lifelong journey through all ___49___ pages that lie ahead. As we grow up, the practice of
reading for pleasure — which ___50___ means reading literature — stays with us. Explaining to young children
the politics or the history would be ___51___. Literature, with its ability to communicate to all ages, can help.
___52___ we read well, we will find ourselves in a dialogue ___53___ the most creative minds of our own
time and of the past. It enriches life in ___54___ that nothing else quite can. It makes us more ___55___. The
better we learn to read literature, the better it will do that.
41. A. want
B. ask
C. allow
D. require
42. A. provide
B. choose
C. discover
D. follow
43. A. dangerous
B. happy
C. lonely
D. colourful
44. A. looking
B. working
C. arriving
D. pointing
45. A. developed
B. printed
C. designed
D. reported
46. A. pattern
B. course
C. event
D. condition
47. A. count
B. pave
C. watch
D. take
48. A. bookstore
B. classroom
C. bedroom
D. library
49. A. this
B. these
C. that
D. those
50. A. typically
B. perfectly
C. expectedly
D. similarly
51. A. convenient
B. common
C. private
D. difficult
52. A. Though
B. Since
C. If
D. Unless
53. A. for
B. beyond
C. with
D. into
54. A. cases
B. ways
C. positions
D. shapes
55. A. classical
B. standard
C. personal
D. human
【答案】
41. A 42. B 43. C 44. A 45. B 46. B 47. D 48. C 49. D 50. A
51. D 52. C 53. C 54. B 55. D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章以“如果余生在荒岛上只能带一本书，你会选什么”这一问题引出话题，
阐述了文学的定义、人们接触文学的起始以及文学对不同年龄段的人所起的作用，还强调了文学
能丰富生活、使人更人性化等。
41. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：你最想要带哪一本书和你在一起？A. want 想要；B. ask 询问，要求；C.
allow 允许；D. require 需要，要求。上文“Imagine you are on a desert island for the rest of your days.”营
造了在荒岛的情境，在这种情境下思考最想要的书，符合语境，故选A。
42. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：通常情况下，人们会选择一部伟大的文学作品来陪伴他们在那里的孤独生
活。A. provide 提供；B. choose 选择；C. discover 发现；D. follow 跟随。结合上文“What one book
would you most ___41___ to have with you?”提到的在荒岛上选择一本书的情境，这里说人们会“选
择”一部文学作品，故选B。
43. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常情况下，人们会选择一部伟大的文学作品来陪伴他们在那里的孤独
生活。A. dangerous 危险的；B. happy 快乐的；C. lonely 孤独的；D. colourful 多彩的。根据上文
“Imagine you are on a desert island for the rest of your days.”可知，在荒岛上，没有其他人陪伴，生活是
孤独的，故选C。
44. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：答案可以通过观察文学本身找到。A. looking 看；B. working 工作；C.
arriving 到达；D. pointing 指向。根据上文“Then, what is literature?”和“at literature itself”可知，这里
是说通过观察文学本身来找到关于文学是什么的答案，look at 表示“看，观察”，符合语境，故选
A。
45. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，考虑一下我们在生命过程中接触到的第一批印刷作品——儿童文
学。A. developed 发展的；B. printed 印刷的；C. designed 设计的；D. reported 报道的。根据常识，我们
接触到的书籍等文学作品通常是印刷的，故选B。
46. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，考虑一下我们在生命过程中接触到的第一批印刷作品——儿童文
学。A. pattern 模式；图案；B. course 过程，课程；C. event 事件；D. condition 条件，状况。根据下文
“So begins the lifelong journey”可知，此处指在我们的生命历程中，over the course of our lives 表示“在
我们的生命过程中”，是固定搭配，故选B。
47. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们大多数人都是在卧室里迈出阅读世界的第一步：我们爱的人在床上给
我们读书。A. count 计数，重要；B. pave 铺设；C. watch 观看；D. take 采取，拿走。根据上文
“children’s literature”和下文“someone we love reads to us in bed.”可知，此处指迈出阅读的第一步，
take the first steps 表示“迈出第一步”，符合语境，故选D。
48. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们大多数人都是在卧室里迈出阅读世界的第一步：我们爱的人在床上给
我们读书。A. bookstore 书店；B. classroom 教室；C. bedroom 卧室；D. library 图书馆。根据下文
“someone we love reads to us in bed”可知，应该是在卧室里，故选C。
49. 考查代词词义辨析。句意：于是，在前方所有那些书页中的终身旅程开始了。A. this 这个；B. these 这
些；C. that 那个；D. those 那些。修饰pages 是应用these 或those，这里说的是前方的书页，有一定的
距离感，所以用those，故选D。
50. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着我们长大，为了乐趣而阅读的习惯——通常意味着阅读文学作品——
会伴随我们。A. typically 通常，典型地；B. perfectly 完美地；C. expectedly 预期地；D. similarly 相似
地。根据上文“the practice of reading for pleasure”可知，此处指为了乐趣而阅读通常就是指阅读文学作
品，故选A。
51. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：向小孩子解释政治或历史会很困难。A. convenient 方便的；B. common 常
见的，普通的；C. private 私人的；D. difficult 困难的。根据上文“Explaining to young children the
politics or the history”并结合常识可知，政治和历史对于小孩子来说比较抽象，很难对他们解释清楚，
故选D。
52. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：如果我们读得好，我们会发现自己与当代和过去最有创造力的头脑进行对
话。A. Though 虽然；B. Since 自从，因为；C. If 如果；D. Unless 除非。后文“we read well”是“we
will find ourselves in a dialogue”的条件，所以用if 引导条件状语从句，故选C。
53. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：如果我们读得好，我们会发现自己与当代和过去最有创造力的头脑进行对
话。A. for 为了，对于；B. beyond 超越；C. with 和……一起；D. into 进入。in a dialogue with...表示
“与……进行对话”，是固定搭配，此处指与当代以及过去最有创造力的人对话，故选C。
54. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它以其他东西无法比拟的方式丰富了生活。A. cases 情况，案例；B. ways
方式，方法；C. positions 位置，职位；D. shapes 形状。根据上文“___52___ we read well, we will find
ourselves in a dialogue 13 the most creative minds of our own time and of the past.”可知，此处指文学以独
特的方式丰富生活，故选B。
55. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它让我们更人性化。A. classical 经典的；B. standard 标准的；C. personal
个人的；D. human 人性的，人类的。根据上文“It enriches life in 14 that nothing else quite can.”可知，
文学能够丰富我们的内心世界，从而更人性化，故选D。
5
(云南省昆明市一中等学校2025-2026 学年高三上学期第三次联考)The two famous authors, Kurt
Vonnegut and Joseph Heller, were invited to a party thrown by a billionaire (亿万富翁). As the host showed off his
___41___ house to all the guests he had invited and proudly ___42___ the rare works of art he had collected,
Vonnegut ___43___ that the host had probably earned more ___44___ in a single day than Heller had earned
from his most popular novel over its entire history. Heller ___45___ back and said, “Yes, he probably has, but I
have something he will never have — ___46___.”
Our society constantly ___47___ the idea that we never have enough. Every day, we are flooded with
___48___ urging us to spend not only what we have, but also what we don’t have, in order to acquire more and
more ___49___.
However, what we should do is to ___50___ what we already have and to open our hearts to it. When our
stomachs are satisfied with a simple ___51___, we already possess what we need. When we are clothed warmly
against the ___52___, we are sufficiently provided for. When we have a ___53___ to protect us from storms and
wind, we are ___54___ guarded. And when we are surrounded by those we love — and who love us ___55___ —
then we are truly rich beyond measure.
41. A. modest
B. tidy
C. grand
D. plain
42. A. gifted
B. arranged
C. inspected
D. displayed
43. A. confirmed
B. joked
C. insisted
D. advocated
44. A. wealth
B. respect
C. fame
D. credit
45. A. drew
B. fought
C. talked
D. smiled
46. A. talent
B. taste
C. enough
D. forever
47. A. adjusts
B. advertises
C. judges
D. abandons
48. A. messages
B. warnings
C. excuses.
D. instructions
49. A. experiences
B. memories
C. possessions
D. directions
50. A. sort
B. ignore
C. doubt
D. treasure
51. A. meal
B. service
C. order
D. break
52. A. shyness
B. coldness
C. weakness
D. darkness
53. A. shelter
B. blanket
C. destination
D. community
54. A. narrowly
B. secretly
C. regularly
D. properly
55. A. in vain
B. by chance
C. in return
D. by turns
【答案】
41. C 42. D 43. B 44. A 45. D 46. C 47. B 48. A 49. C 50. D
51. A 52. B 53. A 54. D 55. C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过作家与亿万富翁的故事，论述社会过度追求物质，倡导珍惜现有、
感悟真正富足的道理。
41. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当主人向所有受邀客人炫耀他宏伟的房子，并自豪地展示他收藏的稀有
艺术品时，冯内古特开玩笑说，主人可能一天赚的财富比海勒从他最受欢迎的小说整个历史中赚的还
要多。A. modest 谦虚的；B. tidy 整洁的；C. grand 宏伟的；D. plain 朴素的。根据上文“The two
famous authors, Kurt Vonnegut and Joseph Heller, were invited to a party thrown by a billionaire(库尔特
冯
・
内古特与约瑟夫
海勒这两位著名作家，受邀参加了一位亿万富翁举办的派对
・
)”推测，富翁的房子应
是“宏伟的”，故选C。
42. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当主人向所有受邀客人炫耀他宏伟的房子，并自豪地展示他收藏的稀有艺
术品时，冯内古特开玩笑说，主人可能一天赚的财富比海勒从他最受欢迎的小说整个历史中赚的还要
多。A. gifted 赠送；B. arranged 安排；C. inspected 检查；D. displayed 展示。根据上文“showed off his
1 house”及“rare works of art”可知，主人应是“展示”收藏品，与“炫耀”呼应，故选D。
43. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当主人向所有受邀客人炫耀他宏伟的房子，并自豪地展示他收藏的稀有艺
术品时，冯内古特开玩笑说，主人可能一天赚的财富比海勒从他最受欢迎的小说整个历史中赚的还要
多。A. confirmed 确认；B. joked 开玩笑；C. insisted 坚持；D. advocated 提倡。结合后文“that the host
had probably earned more ___44___ in a single day than Heller had earned from his most popular novel over
its entire history.”海勒幽默回应可知，冯内古特是在“开玩笑”，故选B。
44. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当主人向所有受邀客人炫耀他宏伟的房子，并自豪地展示他收藏的稀有艺
术品时，冯内古特开玩笑说，主人可能一天赚的财富比海勒从他最受欢迎的小说整个历史中赚的还要
多。A. wealth 财富；B. respect 尊重；C. fame 名声；D. credit 信用。根据上文“host had probably earned
more”及前文billionaire 可知，此处指“财富”，符合富豪的身份特点，故选A。
45. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：海勒笑着回应说：“是的，他可能有，但我有一样他永远不会有的东西
——足够。”A. drew 绘画；B. fought 战斗；C. talked 交谈；D. smiled 微笑。根据下文“Yes, he
probably has, but I have something he will never have — ___46 ___”海勒回应的幽默与从容可知，他应是
“笑着”回应，故选D。
46. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：海勒笑着回应说：“是的，他可能有，但我有一样他永远不会有的东西
——足够。”A. talent 天赋；B. taste 品味；C. enough 足够；D. forever 永恒。根据后文“Our society
constantly advertises the idea that we never have enough”可知，此处海勒强调自己拥有“足够”，与社会
观念形成对比，故选C。
47. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的社会不断宣扬“我们永远拥有得不够”的观念。A. adjusts 调整；B.
advertises 宣扬；C. judges 评判；D. abandons 抛弃。根据下文 “ Every day, we are flooded with
___48___ urging us to spend”可知，社会在宣扬“不够”的观念，引导人们消费，故选B。
48. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天，我们都被大量信息淹没，这些信息不仅催促我们花掉我们拥有的，
还催促我们花掉我们没有的，以便获得越来越多的财产。A. messages 信息；B. warnings 警告；C.
excuses 借口；D. instructions 指示。根据下文“urging us to spend”可知，这些是引导消费的“信息”，
符合日常被广告等信息影响的语境，故选A。
49. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天，我们都被大量信息淹没，这些信息不仅催促我们花掉我们拥有的，
还催促我们花掉我们没有的，以便获得越来越多的财产。A. experiences 经历；B. memories 记忆；C.
possessions 财产；D. directions 方向。根据上文“spend not only what we have, but also what we don’t
have”可知，(信息)的最终目的是获取更多“财产”，符合消费主义追求物质的特点，故选C。
50. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们应该做的是珍惜我们已经拥有的，并敞开心扉去接纳它。A.
sort 分类；B. ignore 忽视；C. doubt 怀疑；D. treasure 珍惜。根据转折词However 及后文列举“simple
meal”“clothed warmly”等现有事物可知，此处倡导“珍惜”已有，与前文追求更多财产形成对比，故
选D。
51. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们的胃被一顿简单的饭菜满足时，我们已经拥有了我们需要的东西。
A. meal 饭菜；B. service 服务；C. order 订单；D. break 休息。根据上文“our stomachs are satisfied”可
知，此处指“饭菜”，符合“饱腹”的语境，故选A。
52. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们穿着温暖的衣服抵御寒冷时，我们的生活就有了足够的保障。A.
shyness 害羞；B. coldness 寒冷；C. weakness 虚弱；D. darkness 黑暗。根据上文“clothed warmly”可
知，目的是抵御“寒冷”，故选B。
53. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们有一个庇护所来保护我们免受暴风雨侵袭时，我们就得到了适当的
保护。A. shelter 庇护所；B. blanket 毯子；C. destination 目的地；D. community 社区。根据下文
“protect us from storms and wind”可知，此处指“庇护所”，即房屋，故选A。
54. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我们有一个庇护所来保护我们免受暴风雨侵袭时，我们就得到了适当的
保护。A. narrowly 勉强地；B. secretly 秘密地；C. regularly 定期地；D. properly 适当地。根据上文
“___53___ to protect us from storms and wind”可知，这是“适当地”保护，符合庇护所的功能，故选
D。
55. 考查短语辨析。句意：当我们被我们爱的人——以及反过来爱我们的人——包围时，我们才是真正的
无比富有。A. in vain 徒劳地；B. by chance 偶然地；C. in return 反过来；D. by turns 轮流地。根据上文
“those we love—and who love us”可知，“爱”是双向的，即“反过来”爱我们的人，故选C。
