文档内容
专题 10 议论文和说明文
议论文
议论文又叫说理文，是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。议论文应该观点明确、论
据充分、语言精炼、论证合理、有严密的逻辑性。议论文有三个要素：论点、论据和论证。
(2016·四川)某中学生英文报正举办＂The Season I Like Best＂的征文活动，请用英文写一篇短文投稿，
内容应包括：
1. 你最喜欢的季节；
2. 你喜欢该季节的两条理由(如：气候、景色、活动、感受……)。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 题目已为你写好；
3. 行文连贯，语篇完整；
4. 文中不得透露个人真实信息。
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【思路点拨】议论文(1)——正反观点型
1．开头：提出问题；
2．主体：陈述不同的观点及其理由；
3．结尾：说明自己的观点。
议论文(2)——利弊对比型
这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度(利或弊)出发，最后
往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预测)。
1．说明事物现状；
2．事物本身的优缺点(或一方面)；
3．你对现状(或前景)的看法。
议论文(3)——解决问题型
第一段：引出现象，并指出这种现象的后果
第二段：提出解决的办法
第三段：总结这样做的好处
【写作模板】
模板一 不同观点列举型（选择型）
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion
concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their
views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore,
in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____. People, however, differ in
their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one
hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二
______.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
模板二 利弊型议论文
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both
advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several
positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another
word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____缺点二______.
To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the
disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论
议题___.
模板三 答辩型议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important
concern to every one of us.
As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem. As we know that there are
many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一______. In addition, another way
contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far
as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.
模板四 谚语警句型议论文
It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in
our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of
examples as follows. ( also theoretically ) A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying
that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to
realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. The more we are aware of the
significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.
【万能句式】
1）开头句：
It goes without saying that...不言而喻It can be said with certainty that...可以肯定地说
As the proverb says,...正如谚语所说
It has to be noticed that...
It's generally recognised that...人们普遍认为
It's likely that...很可能
It's hardly ... that ... ...并不...
It's hardly too much to say that... 毫不夸张地说
2）衔接句：
A case in point is ...一个典型的例子是...
As is often the case,...情况经常是...
As stated in the previous paragraph,... 如前段所述，...
But the problem is not so simple. Therefore, we should take more details into consideration.
But it's pity that...
In spite of the fact that...
Further, we hold the opinion that...此外，我们认为...
However, the difficulty lies in...
What calls for special attention is that...
Similarly, we should pay attention to this from the very beginning.
3）引出观点句：
There are several reasons for ..., but in general, they come down to three major ones.
There are many factors that may account for ..., but the following are the most typical ones.
Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.
Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.
The reasons are as follows.
4）结尾句：
I will conclude by saying that...最后我要说
I can reach a conclusion that...
Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...我们有理由相信
All things considered, it may be safely said that...可以有把握地说
Therefore, in my opinion, it's more advisible for us to do ...更可取的是
From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that...
The figures/statistics lead us to the conclusion that...It can be concluded from the discussion that...
From my point of view, it would be better if...
To a certain/some extent, ...
5）灵活句式：
sb. cannot emphasize the importance if ... too much
There is no need for sb. to do sth.
On no account can we do sth.
What will happen to sb. if ...?
For the past+一段时间，sb. have (done sth./been doing sth.)
It pays to do sth. 做...是值得的
sth. is closely related to ... ...与...息息相关
do one's utmost to do= spare no effort to do
sth. have a great influence on sb.
Nothing can prevent us from doing
Upon doing sth, ... 一...就...
Hardly had sb. done sth. when sb. did
No sooner had sb. done sth. than sb. did
Only then could...直到那时
Nothing is more ... than to do sth.
There is no denying that...
There is no doubt that...
It is universally acknowledged that...
As is known to us,...
It is no wonder that ...
No wonder that...
So +adj. be sb./sth. that ... 如此...以至于...
adj. as sb./sth. be,... 虽然...但是...
The+比较级, the +比较级
It's time +主语+动词过去式
It's time for sth.
It's time for sb. to do sth.（24-25高三上·江苏南通·开学考试）现在人工智能越来越影响我们日常生活中的方方面面。请围绕这一话
题写一篇文章。
应包含以下要点：
1. 人工智能带来的便利，例如在交通、家电和通信方面。
2. 它可能引发的潜在问题或挑战，如工作岗位被取代和隐私担忧。
3. 您对于如何充分利用人工智能并避免其负面影响的观点。
4. 80词左右。
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说明文
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式的一种文体，主要用于介绍事物、说明事理等。高考中，说明文常见的话
题有：产品介绍、地点描述、方位描写、变化分析、购物指南和操作说明等。
真题一 【2018·全国I】
假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮
件，内容包括：
1．到达时间；2．合适的礼物；3．餐桌礼仪。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
真题二 【2018年新课标全国卷III】
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter 来信询问你校学生体育运动情况。请给他回信，内容包括：1. 学校的体育场馆；
2. 主要的运动项目；
3. 你喜欢的项目。
注意：1. 词数100左右：
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
写说明文宜采用三段式：第一段主要介绍要说明的对象及说明的目的；第二段说明事物的主要特征或做事
情的方法步骤；第三段进行总结概括。时态通常用一般现在时。
模板01
介绍事物型说明文模板
Topic
①________ is a most effective _______to _______. ② For most people, it’s almost impossible to
______. ③________is really _________.④With the functions of _______,it enables us to _______.⑤It can even
______. ⑥Just imagine, all this can be done with _______. ⑦A convenient tool can certainly make _______,
but it doesn’t always help _______.⑧ Too much _________.⑨ Too many ________.⑩ Relying too much on
_______ makes ________.
①点明要介绍的事物的必要性 ②介绍该事物对多数人的重要意义 ③该事物优势或显著特点 ④该事物
的作用 ⑤进一步说明该事物的作用 ⑥说明该事物的重要性 ⑦承上启下，介绍事物的另一方面 ⑧该
事物的负面影响一 ⑨该事物的负面影响二 ⑩总结说明过分使用该物品给我们带来的负面影响。
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说明原因型说明文模板Nowadays, there are more and more in some big cities. It is estimated that ____________________.（用具体
数据说明某现象）
Why have there been so many ? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first reason is
that __________________. （ 原 因 一 ） Besides, __________________. （ 原 因 二 ） The third reason
is __________________.（原因三）To sum up, the main cause of is due to__________________ .（指出主要原
因）
It is high time that something should be done. For one thing, __________________.（解决建议一）
For another thing, . All these measures will certainly __________________.（解决建议二）
模板03
描述事物型说明文模板
What I have known about is that _________________.（具体描述某事物）
Firstly, __________________.（描述要点一）__________________.（具体阐述要点一）Secondly, _____
_____________. （ 描 述 要 点 二 ） （ 具 体 阐 述 要 点 二 ） __________________. As a college
student, __________________.（结合自身描述要点三）
All in all, __________________.（做出总结）Therefore, we should __________________.（提出建议）
模板04
问题解决型说明文模板
In recent days, there has been a problem , which is becoming more and more serious.（说明问题及其现状）
First, __________________. Second, __________________.（进一步阐释现状）
We should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ________. For another
thing, ________. Finally, ________.（列举解决该问题的方法）
Personally, I believe that ________/Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because
________.（结尾段，指出＂我＂的信心及理由）
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地点介绍型说明文模板
地理位置:___，the largest___ in our country, lies ___,with ___ on the north and ___ surrounding its southwest. To
the west of the ___.
面积人口资源:___ has an area of about ___ square kilo-meters and a population of over ___. It's rich in natural
resources, for example, bananas, rice,tea and so on, are famous both at home and abroad.The scenery is so beautiful
and the climate is so pleasant that travelers all over the world go in a continuous stream for a visit .必备句型今昔变化对比
1. My hometown used to be a beautiful place, with thig trees and green grass everywhere.
2. It is the best place that I have ever visited.
3. In the past, children couldn't go to school because of poverty(贫穷).
4.Great changes have taken place in the past ten(few )years.
5.Our hometown has taken on a new look.
6.Our village is not what it used to be.
7.Thick trees and green grass can be seen everywhere.
8.Now the Chinese family has changed a great deal.
9.It is known to us all that the living standard of the Chinese people has greatly improved.
10.Nowadays, tall buildings have taken the place of old sheds.
11.Now our school is covered with green grass and fresh flowers, which makes the whole school a good place to
study in.
地域地貌
1. China is a large country with a long history and much population.
2.Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan Province, lies in the middle of China.
3.It has an area of 160,000 square kilometers with a population of over 90 million.
4.It is rich in natural resources such as coal and gold.
5.The weather is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer.
方位指路、图表说明
1.Our school is located at the foot of a green hill.
2.In the front of the school is a beautiful garden with a library on its left and a laboratory on its right.
3.Behind the garden is the classroom building.
4.At the back of the school are the students' dormitory and the dining-hall, in front of which lies the large sports
field.
5.The teacher's dormitory stands between A and B.
6.It is not very difficult to find your way from the Friendship Hotel to the station.
7.When you get out of the hotel, turn left and walk down the street until you see the traffic lights.8.Turn right at the third crossing/turning, and you will see a post office at the corner. The museum is next/opposite
to it.
9.Go straight ahead until you get to the end of the street,
10.Please get across the bridge and go eastward.
11.No.25 Bus will take you right there.
12.It will take you about 10 minutes to get there.
13.It's about 10 minutes' walk /ride from here.
14.As can be seen from the chart,...
15. From the chart/picture/table we can see ...that the world population is increasing rapidly.
介绍节日精彩句型:
1. Last Sunday we celebrated... with.... in the school hall, during which we had a wonderful time.
2. Yesterday we organized a welcome party for the new exchange students.
3. We invited... to attend the party with us, which was held in...
4. We spent a happy afternoon/night with...and...
5. We had a great time together and we didn't go back home until...
6. We felt happy to have done something for the old and we made it a rule to...
7. This is the first time that I have enjoyed a Mid-Autumn Festival with my classmates.
8. How interesting the.. Festival is!
介绍运动音乐精彩句型：
1. At your request, I'd like to tell you something about my favourite...
2. I'm writing to reply to the questions you mentioned in your last letter.
3. What impressed me most is...
4. He/She is regarded/considered as one of the most...
5. One of the reasons I like...is that...
6. To achieve my dream of becoming..., I practise...as much as possible and sometimes I..
7. Please write and tell me about your favorite...and I hope...
8. I believe my dream of becoming...will come true as long as I...
9. Of all the sports, I like basketball/football .... best because I want to be ... when I grow up.
10. I'm glad to hear from you and I'm writing to tell you my favorite sport.
11. I like ... best and I have a dream of becoming a professional .... in the near future.
12. Becoming the champion of ... at the Olympics has long been my dream.13. What's your favorite sport? Please write to share it with me.
14. I believe I can make my dream come true as long as I continue practicing hard.
15. I think I can achieve my dream of becoming ... in the future.
16. I want to become a to win honor for our country at the Olympic Games.
17. To make my dream come true, I will practice hard and never give up.
介绍书籍杂志精彩句型：
1. There are thousands of kinds of newspapers/magazines in the world, among which I
like...most.
2. It is a daily/weekly/monthly...newspaper /magazine, whose purpose/aim is to...
3. As the saying goes, To open a book is always beneficial."
4. I'd like to recommend it to those who have difficulty/ trouble in...
5. It is a(n) international newspaper, which has an average daily circulation of..
6. It is one of the best-selling magazines, covering fitness, nutrition travel, technology, fash
ion and finance.
7. With the rapid development of the Internet, an increasing number of publishers begin t
o launch online magazines, also called e-zines, to fit the times.
8. 1 have been reading this newspaper/ magazine ever sine... I think it is of great help to
me.
旅游指导精彩句型：
1. Welcome to our scenic spot and we'd like you to pay attention to some safety regulations.
2. To make our tourist spot more popular, we've decided to...
3.Children are not allowed to enter/use.... unless they are accompanied by adults.
4. Besides, those who suffer from heart disease are also forbidden to...
5. Do remember the opening time is from 8am to 6pm.
6. If you have any further questions, please call us at..
7. We believe our scenic spot will leave a deep impression on you.
8. We hope that you will have a good time/ enjoy yourself/get great pleasure here!
（24-25高三上·江苏南通·开学考试）现在人工智能越来越影响我们日常生活中的方方面面。请围绕这一话题写一篇文章。
应包含以下要点：
1. 人工智能带来的便利，例如在交通、家电和通信方面。
2. 它可能引发的潜在问题或挑战，如工作岗位被取代和隐私担忧。
3. 您对于如何充分利用人工智能并避免其负面影响的观点。
4. 80词左右。
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Writing 1
（24-25高三上·安徽·开学考试）假如你是李华，你班上周就“学生是否有必要购买品牌服饰”的话题展开
了激烈的讨论。请你根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论结果并发表个人观点。
1. 支持的观点；
2. 反对的观点；
3. 你的观点。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 首句已给出，但不计入总词数；
3. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Last week, our class held a heated discussion on whether students should buy branded clothing.
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Writing 2（2024·四川成都·模拟预测）目前越来越多的人使用移动支付(mobile payment)，移动支付改变了人们的生
活。请根据以下要点写一篇短文：
1. 移动支付的优缺点；
2. 你的看法。
注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：微信 WeChat 支付宝 Alipay 二维码 QR code
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Writing 3
1．（23-24高一下·四川·期末）众所周知，环境与我们每个人息息相关。而随着社会的发展，环境污染却
越来越严重。请根据下面的内容提示，以“How to protect the environment”为题，用英文写一篇80词左右
的短文。
1.现状：污染越来越严重，甚至导致全球变暖。
2.治理措施：
(1)提高人们的环保意识(awareness)；
(2)制定环保法律，违者严惩(punish)；
(3)植树造林，净化环境等。
注意：1.内容应包括以上要点，可以适当发挥，增加细节，以使文章连贯；
2.书写规范，卷面整洁。
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Writing 4
（2024·广西河池·模拟预测）假定你是校英文报的编辑李华，负责策划你们报纸新开设的一个栏目
“Opinions of Teenagers”。请你写一篇栏目介绍，刊登在校英文报上，内容包括：
1. 开设的初衷；2. 栏目的内容；
3. 欢迎投稿。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
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Writing 5
（2024·全国·模拟预测）上周，你校联合市医院举办了“急救宣传周”活动。请你为班级英语角写一篇短
文，内容包括：
1. 活动目的；
2. 活动概况；
3. 学生反响。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
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Writing 6
（24-25高三上·河北唐山·开学考试）近期，你校英文报开设了“生活中的英语”栏目。请你投稿，介绍自
己在课外生活中学习英语的途径和收获。
注意：
1. 词数应为 80 左右；
2. 短文的题目、开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Learning English out of ClassAs a high school student, I practice English in my daily life beyond the class.
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Integrating English into our everyday activities is not just about studying - it’s about living the language.
【2019·天津】假设你是晨光中学的李津，英国友好校将派教师来你校参加为期一周的暑期交流活动。活动
期间，英方教师Chris 将做一个有关西方艺术的讲座、现就讲座内容征求你校学生的意见。请根据以下提
示给Chris写一封电子邮件:
（1）你喜欢的讲座话题（从音乐、美术、舞蹈中任选其一）；
（2）选择该话题的原因及关于该话题你感兴趣的内容；
（3）希望从中有何收获。
注意：
（1）词数不少于100：
（2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
（3）开头和结尾已给出、不计入总词数。
Dear Chris，
I'm Li Jim，a student at Chenguang High School.
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Thank you for your time.
Yours，
Li Jin
