文档内容
第 4 讲 议论文
议论文是高考完形填空较难的一种文体，一般由三个要素组成：论点、论据、结论。论
点和论据形成一体，相互印证。有时作者为了使文章脉络清楚，行文流畅，会使用一些过渡
词，如：on the contrary，all in all，in short，generally speaking，worse still，on the other
hand，in conclusion，as a consequence等。做题时要注意以下几点：
解题要领 内容解读
议论文完形填空的首句常常是文章的主旨句。作者一般在文章
首句制胜，论点明确
的首段提出论点，然后在各段的首句提出分论点。
①开门见山地提出论点，然后再通过具体的论据去证明论点，
论据有时候既有正面的论据，也有反面的论据，最后总结全
文。②导入式提出论点。先通过叙述生活中的一件具体的事情
或描述生活中的现象，然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出
不同的论点提出方式
自己的论点，再用具体的论据去证明自己的论点。③最后提出
论点。有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象，不表
明自己的观点，而是通过对具体现象的分析，最后得出一种结
论。
关注尾段 尾段通常照应论点
One of the easiest things in the world is to become a fault-finder.However，life can be 1
when you are not busy finding fault with it.
Several years ago I 2 a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry，who described herself as
a world-class fault-finder，almost always 3 by things.People were always doing things that
annoyed her，and nothing was ever good enough.She was highly self-critical and also found fault
with her friends.
Unfortunately，it took a horrible accident to change her 4 .Her best friend was seriously
hurt in a car crash.What made it almost 5 to deal with was that the day before the 6 ，
Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing her 7 of boyfriends，the
way she was living，the way she related to her mother，and various other things.It wasn’t until
her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became 8 her habit of finding fault.Very quickly，she
learned to appreciate life rather than to 9 everything so harshly(刻薄)．
Perhaps most of us aren’t as extreme at fault-finding， 10 when we’re honest，we canbe sharply 11 of the world.I’m not suggesting you 12 problems，or that you pretend
things are 13 than they are，but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are—at
least most of the time，and especially when it’s not a really big 14 .
Train yourself to “bite your tongue”，and with a little 15 ，you’ll get really good at
letting things go.And when you do，you’ll get back your enthusiasm and love for life.
语篇解读 这是一篇议论文。文章通过讲述克里从一个吹毛求疵的人变为一个学会欣赏生活
的人，告诉我们“要管好你的嘴”，寻回昔日对生活的热情。
1．A.lonely B．great
C．quiet D．uneasy
答案 B
解析 lonely孤独的；great美妙的；quiet安静的；uneasy不安的。从下文内容可知，作者
不赞同人们老是挑毛病，所以用great表示“当你不忙于挑毛病时生活会很精彩”。
2．A.received B．answered
C．expected D．rejected
答案 A
解析 receive收到；answer回答；expect期望；reject拒绝。receive a letter from sb.收到某人
的来信。
3．A.threatened B．interrupted
C．bothered D．spoiled
答案 C
解析 threaten威胁；interrupt打断；bother使(某人)烦恼；spoil溺爱。根据下文的“People
were always doing things that annoyed her”可知，人们做的事总是惹她生气，故此处指克里
总是被琐事烦扰。
4．A.attitude B．plan
C．measure D．explanation
答案 A
解析 attitude态度；plan计划；measure措施；explanation解释。根据下文可知，这场意外
改变了她的态度。
5．A.urgent B．unnecessary
C．certain D．impossible
答案 D
解析 urgent紧急的；unnecessary没有必要的；certain确定的；impossible不可能的。事故
发生前一天克里拜访了她的这个朋友并一直挑朋友的毛病。据此可知，这使得事情几乎不可
能应对。6．A.occasion B．event
C．accident D．adventure
答案 C
解析 occasion场合；event事件；accident事故；adventure冒险。根据上文的“it took a
horrible accident”可知答案。
7．A.memory B．notice
C．evidence D．choice
答案 D
解析 memory记忆；notice通知；evidence证据；choice选择。 克里批评她的朋友对男朋
友的选择。
8．A.aware of B．afraid of
C．curious about D．confused about
答案 A
解析 (be) aware of意识到；(be)afraid of害怕；(be)curious about对……好奇；(be)confused
about对……困惑。根据语境可知，直到她的朋友严重受伤克里才意识到她挑毛病的习惯。
9．A.discuss B．realize
C．judge D．settle
答案 C
解析 discuss讨论；realize意识到，实现；judge判断，评判；settle定居，解决。此处
“...everything so harshly(刻薄)”和“appreciate life”形成对比，指她学会了欣赏生活，而不
是如此刻薄地评判一切事情。
10．A.so B．or
C．but D．for
答案 C
解析 so因此；or或者；but但是；for因为。根据下文可知，这里前后两个分句是转折关系。
11．A.proud B．sure
C．hopeful D．critical
答案 D
解析 be proud of以……为骄傲；be sure of确信；be hopeful of对……满怀希望；be critical
of对……挑剔。be critical of 和find fault with是同义词复现。
12．A.face B．create
C．solve D．ignore
答案 D
解析 face面对；create创造；solve解决；ignore忽视。根据下文“or that you pretend things
are”可知，此处是说不建议忽视问题，或者假装事情比真实情况要好。13．A.rarer B．better
C．stranger D．worse
答案 B
解析 rarer更罕见的；better更好的；stranger更奇怪的；worse更糟糕的。见上题解析。
14．A.task B．deal
C．result D．duty
答案 B
解析 task任务；deal大量，协议，交易；result结果；duty职责。a big deal是固定搭配，
意为“重要的事情”。
15．A.practice B．speech
C．rest D．pity
答案 A
解析 practice练习，实践；speech演讲；rest休息；pity同情。根据上文“Train yourself
to”可知，要做到这一点需要的是少量的实践。
文本整体感知
文章通过讲述克里从一个吹毛求疵的人变为一个学会欣赏生活的
中心思想
人，告诉我们“要管好你的嘴”，寻回昔日对生活的热情。
叙述角度 第一人称和第三人称
写作顺序 时间顺序
a fault-finder；Kerry；a car crash；criticize；bite your tongue；
写作要素
enthusiasm
写作目的 体现了“人与自我——不断学习，不断完善自我”的主题
技法九 巧排除，降难度
在掌握文章大意和细节的前提下，考生可以通过试填试题中的选项选出最吻合语境、最
衔接语义的选项，这种解题方法被称为“排除错项”。
真题体验 (2020·浙江7月)
...the tractor heading towards the 44.motorway.I ran desperately but failed to 45 .It
crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.
45．A.take off B．catch up
C．hold back D．get out
答案 B
解析 根据上文的“ran desperately”和下文的“拖拉机冲过一个木栅栏然后就不见了”可
知，作者没能追上(catch up)它。take off起飞；hold back抑制；get out出去。
技法十 由熟词，知生义
一词多义和熟词生义是近几年高考不断出现的词汇活用现象。备考时应注意单词本义以及根据词根推断单词生僻意义。本文第 14题deal熟义是“大量”，此处考查生义a big
deal“重要的事情”。
真题体验1 (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)
So 45. instead of tying him up，I just kept a close eye on him.It 46 —he didn’t end up
in the creek.My three-year-old，however，did.
46．A.worked B．happened
C．mattered D．changed
答案 A
解析 work起作用；happen发生；matter事关紧要；change改变。根据下文“he didn’t
end up in the creek”可推知，此处指作者的办法起作用了，15个月大的孩子没有掉进小溪里。
work熟义为“工作”，此处为生义“起作用，奏效”。
真题体验2 (2022·浙江1月)
Ms Burdeyney 53 that she was hoping to do more for the research project.“I just want
to bring 54. light into people’s eyes and this is just the 55.beginning.There is still a long way to
go.”
53．A.commented B．learned
C．reminded D．added
答案 D
解析 comment 评论；learn学习；remind提醒；add补充说。前句为她说的话，后面又继
续说，即为补充说。add熟义为“增加”，此处为生义“补充说”。
Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers.Then again ，teenagers have 1
feelings about their parents，saying that it is not easy living with them.According to a recent
research，the most common 2 between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and
daily routine tasks.On the one hand，parents go mad over 3 rooms，clothes thrown on the
floor and their children’s refusal to help with the 4 .On the other hand，teenagers lose their
patience continually when parents blame them for 5 the towel in the bathroom，not cleaning
up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.
The research ， conducted by St.George University ， shows that different parents have
different 6 to these problems.However，some approaches are more 7 than others.For
example，those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness，but 8 clean the room
for them，have fewer chances of changing their children’s 9 .On the contrary，those who
let teenagers experience the 10 of their actions can do better.For example，when teenagers
who don’ t help their parents with the shopping don’ t find their favorite drink in the
refrigerator，they are forced to 11 their actions.Psychologists say that 12 is the most important thing in parent-child
relationships.Parents should 13 to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear
to what they have to say.Parents may 14 their children when they are untidy but they should
also understand that their room is their own private space.Communication is a two-way process.It is
only by listening to and 15 each other that problems between parents and children can be
settled.
1．A.natural B．strong
C．guilty D．similar
答案 D
解析 natural自然的；strong强壮的；guilty有罪的；similar相似的。根据上下文语境可知，
孩子和父母有着相似的感觉。
2．A.interest B．argument
C．link D．knowledge
答案 B
解析 interest兴趣；argument争论，争吵；link联系；knowledge知识。根据下文“parents
go mad over...”以及“teenagers lose their patience”可知，此处是说父母和子女之间的争吵。
3．A.noisy B．crowded
C．messy D．locked
答案 C
解析 noisy喧闹的；crowded拥挤的；messy杂乱的；locked上锁的。根据下文“clothes
thrown on the floor”可知，此处指凌乱的房间。
4．A.homework B．housework
C．problem D．research
答案 B
解析 homework家庭作业；housework家务；problem难题；research研究，调查。根据上
文“regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks”可知，此处指孩子们拒绝帮父母做家务。
5．A.washing B．using
C．dropping D．replacing
答案 C
解析 wash洗；use 使用；drop丢下；replace更换，替代。根据下文“in the bathroom，not
cleaning up...”可知，此处指把毛巾丢在浴室。
6．A.approaches B．contributions
C．introductions D．attitudes
答案 A
解析 approach方法，途径；contribution贡献；introduction介绍，入门；attitude态度，看法。根据下文“some approaches”可知，此处指不同父母处理这些问题的方法不尽相同。
7．A.complex B．popular
C．scientific D．successful
答案 D
解析 complex复杂的；popular受欢迎的；scientific科学的；successful成功的。根据下文
可知，通过对父母不同做法的比较，表明了一些父母的成功做法。
8．A.later B．deliberately
C．seldom D．thoroughly
答案 A
解析 later后来；deliberately故意地；seldom很少；thoroughly彻底。but表转折，父母先
是责备孩子，但是后来又帮他们收拾。
9．A.behavior B．taste
C．future D．nature
答案 A
解析 behavior行为；taste味道；future未来；nature天性，本性。根据下文中的“their
actions”可知，此处是同义词复现，指改变孩子的行为。
10．A.failures B．changes
C．consequences D．thrills
答案 C
解析 failure失败；change变化；consequence后果；thrill兴奋，震颤感。根据下文可知，
此处指让青少年体验他们不当行为的后果。
11．A.defend B．delay
C．repeat D．reconsider
答案 D
解析 defend防御；delay耽搁；repeat重复；reconsider重新考虑。根据语境可知，此处指
青少年被迫重新考虑他们的行为。
12．A.communication B．bond
C．friendship D．trust
答案 A
解析 communication 交流； bond 结合； friendship 友谊；trust 信任。根据下文
“Communication is a two-way process.It is...can be settled.”可知，沟通对于良好的亲子关系
很重要。
13．A.reply B．attend
C．attach D．talk
答案 D解析 reply回答；attend照顾；attach附加，系；talk说话。根据下文“at the same time they
should lend an ear to what they have to say”可知，此处是talk to“和……交流”。
14．A.hate B．scold
C．frighten D．stop
答案 B
解析 hate 讨厌；scold 责备；frighten 吓唬；stop 阻止。根据上文“go mad over
rooms”以及下文“when they are untidy”可知，父母看到孩子房间凌乱时可能会责备他们。
15．A.loving B．observing
C．understanding D．praising
答案 C
解析 love爱；observe观察；understand理解；praise表扬。善于倾听并且相互理解，才能
更好地解决问题。
强化练(二十三) 议论文
A
(2022·江苏百校大联考)
Everybody has to face bad days in their life.Some face diseases，some face fears，some face
poverty，some face 1 ，etc.No one can 2 from it.It is a rule of life.
When bad days come，a person first of all cannot understand what is 3 and why me？
But after some time he 4 his strength and starts doing every single thing to come out of it，
which is a 5 journey.Though very painful，when you have crossed it，you will find your
journey very 6 ，and you will feel like getting your 7 .In short，you start becoming
wise.
The biggest lesson of life during bad days for me is that a person becomes a 8 who he
wasn’t before.Life means 9 it.First：think what you want in your life and then start giving
the same think.This is one of the most important things I have learnt in my life.You want love and
then start 10 it; you want money and then start giving it to the 11 ； you want
happiness and then start doing all things that give happiness.Everything is in your 12 and you
only need to give first.If you don’t have everything then give or 13 what you have.Still you
feel you have 14 to share and then give a smile.You can’t imagine that your smile can 15
wonders for someone.So start smiling from today on.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了当人们遇到自己人生中灰暗日子的时候该如何积
极应对。1．A.sickness B．homelessness
C．helplessness D．horror
答案 C
解析 sickness疾病；homelessness无家可归；helplessness无助，绝望；horror恐惧。根据
空前“Some face diseases，some face fears，some face poverty”可知，有人面对无助。
2．A.excuse B．escape
C．suffer D．run
答案 B
解析 excuse...from使……免于……；escape from逃避；suffer from遭受；run from逃跑。
根据下文“It is a rule of life.”可知，任何人都逃避不了面对生活中糟糕的日子。
3．A.taking on B．working on
C．putting on D．going on
答案 D
解析 take on承担，呈现；work on致力于；put on表演，穿衣服；go on发生。根据空前
“When bad days come，a person first of all cannot understand”可知，此处指不理解正在发生
的事。
4．A.regains B．recovers
C．realizes D．remembers
答案 C
解析 regain 重新获得；recover 恢复；realize 意识到；remember 记得。根据下文“his
strength and starts doing every single thing to come out of it”可知，这里应指他意识到了自己
是有能力解决这些困难的。
5．A.tough B．boring
C．terrible D．great
答案 A
解析 tough 艰苦的；boring 令人厌烦的；terrible 可怕的；great 伟大的。根据后文的
“Though very painful”可知选tough，表示“艰难的旅途”。
6．A.interesting B．meaningful
C．enjoyable D．hopeful
答案 B
解析 interesting 有趣的；meaningful有意义的；enjoyable令人愉快的；hopeful有希望的。
根据上下文可知，此处指“你会发现这次旅途很有意义”。
7．A.destination B．rebirth
C．inspiration D．dream
答案 B解析 destination目的地；rebirth再生，重生；inspiration灵感； dream梦想。根据下文“In
short，you start becoming wise.”可知，此处指“你感到获得了重生”。
8．A.educator B．creator
C．thinker D．giver
答案 D
解析 educator教育工作者；creator创作者；thinker思想家；giver给予者。根据下文可知，
后面反复提到give一词，此处应指变成一个“给予者”。
9．A.facing B．challenging
C．creating D．understanding
答案 C
解析 face面对；challenge挑战；create创造；understand理解。后文提到“你想要爱就得
先传播爱，你想要钱那就先把钱给有需要的人，你想要快乐那就把快乐带给别人”。作者是
通过付出的方式得到自己想得到的，也就是需要自己去创造。
10．A.spreading B．keeping
C．developing D．making
答案 A
解析 spread传播；keep保持；develop发展；make制造。根据上文可知，此处指如果你想
得到爱，首先你要“传播”爱。
11．A.homeless B．needy
C．hungry D．sick
答案 B
解析 homeless无家可归的；needy有需要的；hungry饥饿的；sick 生病的。根据语境及常
识可知，此处指把钱给有需要的人。
12．A.heart B．mind
C．hand D．brain
答案 C
解析 heart心；mind 智慧；hand手；brain 大脑。所有的事情都掌握在你的手里，你只需
要先给予。
13．A.save B．reserve
C．send D．share
答案 D
解析 save 挽救；reserve保留；send 发送；share分享。根据下文“to share and then give a
smile”可知，如果你不是拥有所有的东西，那就给予或者分享你所拥有的东西。
14．A.something B．anything
C．nothing D．everything答案 C
解析 something 某物；anything 任何事情；nothing没有什么；everything每件事物。根据
下文“then give a smile”可知，此处指如果你还是觉得没有什么可以分享，那就给予一个微
笑。
15．A.provide B．do
C．promise D．wish
答案 B
解析 provide提供；do 做；promise许诺；wish希望。根据下文“wonders for someone”可
知，微笑能创造奇迹。固定搭配：do wonders创造奇迹。
B
(2022·湖北八市联考)
The most amazing thing about life is that whatever happens，or however useless you feel，
stay 1 .
All you need to 2 is doing good，even if it may be the smallest thing，like greeting
someone with a smile.It can 3 someone’s day and you’ll have made the smallest 4
biggest difference to their life.It all starts with your small but sincere smile!
I learned patience the hard 5 .I’ve been trying to rush through life rapidly，always 6
myself to my friends and family and wondering when my life would change.I was too busy trying
to speed things up，but things just weren’t 7 ，so I finally gave up.But when I continued to
help people and do little things I could every day to make a difference ，life 8 me
back.Therefore，keep your 9 realistic，however unjust people are towards you.I believe you
will succeed， 10 everything has its own special time when everything goes well，and yours
is definitely coming.You just need to 11 a little longer.
I 12 met someone worth it all，so kind and sweet，always trying to surprise me in the
most 13 ways.Now，every day is something bigger and better and that 14 is
amazing，and then you realize it’s because of all the good things you keep doing in your life.
Even if you have been doing bad things up until now，you can change it all and make it
better.It’s not easy to get better，but it will.I know，because I have been 15 with it and I
finally feel better.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了生活不是一帆风顺的，我们能做到的就是保持
耐心并且笑对生活。
1．A.curious B．patient
C．serious D．generous
答案 B
解析 curious好奇的；patient有耐心的；serious严肃的，认真的；generous慷慨大方的。根据第三段中的“I learned patience”可知，无论发生什么，我们都要保持耐心。
2．A.reflect on B．set about
C．take up D．focus on
答案 D
解析 reflect on反思；set about开始；take up从事；focus on关注。根据后文暗示“even if
it may be the smallest thing，like greeting someone with a smile”可知，你需要关注的就是做好
每一件事情，即使是最微小的事情，比如微笑着问候某人。
3．A.speed up B．light up
C．brighten up D．turn up
答案 C
解析 speed up加速；light up点燃；brighten up点亮；turn up调高，出现。根据前文提示
“greeting someone with a smile”可知，这里应该是指一个微笑会点亮别人一天的生活。
4．A.yet B．and
C．or D．so
答案 A
解析 yet然而，却；and而且；or或者；so因此。根据后文暗示“your small but sincere
smile”可知，此处作者想要表达：小小的微笑却可以带来很大的影响。
5．A.way B．time
C．point D．problem
答案 A
解析 way方式，方法；time时间；point点，意义；problem问题。根据后文可知，作者学
会有耐心也不是一件容易的事。the hard way相当于in a hard way。
6．A.adapting B．adjusting
C．comparing D．applying
答案 C
解析 adapt改编；adjust调节，适应；compare比较；apply应用。根据后文“and wondering
when my life would change”可知，作者经常将他自己和他的朋友、家人作比较。
7．A.speeding B．changing
C．moving D．succeeding
答案 C
解析 speed加速；change改变；move进展；succeed成功。根据后文“so I finally gave
up”可知，事情一点进展都没有，最后只好放弃。
8．A.gives B．pays
C．gets D．brings
答案 B解析 give sb.back还给某人； pay sb.back 回报某人；get sth.back找回某物；bring sth.back
使想起某事。根据后文可知，当作者继续帮助别人并且每天都做一些可以产生一些影响的事
情后，生活回馈了作者。
9．A.intentions B．minds
C．hearts D．feelings
答案 A
解析 intention意图，目的；mind想法；heart心；feeling感觉。根据后文“however unjust
people are towards you”可知，不管别人对你们有多不公正，保持你们切合实际的目的/意图。
10．A.if B．when
C．until D．because
答案 D
解析 if如果；when当……时；until直到；because因为。根据前文提示“I believe you will
succeed”可知，后句解释了你会成功的原因。
11．A.work B．wait
C．operate D．stay
答案 B
解析 work 工作；wait 等待；operate 操作；stay 停留。根据前文提示“and yours is
definitely coming”可知，你的也肯定会来，你需要的只是多等一段时间。
12．A.eventually B．occasionally
C．abruptly D．instantly
答案 A
解析 eventually最终；occasionally有时；abruptly突然；instantly立即，马上。根据前文可
知，作者通过耐心等待，“最终”等到了那个值得依靠的人。
13．A.normal B．unusual
C．common D．unexpected
答案 D
解析 normal正常的；unusual不寻常的；common常见的，共有的；unexpected意想不到的。
根据前文“always trying to surprise me”判断，此处指总是出其不意地给作者惊喜。
14．A.thought B．view
C．feeling D．idea
答案 C
解析 thought想法；view观点；feeling感觉；idea主意。根据前文“Now，every day is
something bigger and better”可知，那种感觉妙不可言。
15．A.hunting B．struggling
C．searching D．exploring答案 B
解析 hunt打猎；struggle挣扎，奋斗；search搜寻；explore探索。根据语境可知，此处作
者现身说法“因为我一直在奋斗，并且现在感觉更好了”。
