高中英语外刊时文阅读训练
专题01
神舟十八号航天员模拟太空应急演练
Ⅰ.外刊原文阅读
Ⅱ.阅读理解专项针对性练习
Ш.新课标高频词汇提取及训练
Ⅳ.参考译文赏析
【原文·外刊阅读】
Shenzhou-18 crew conducts emergency drill simulating space debris impact on Tiangong
（文章来源：Global Times）
After China's Shenzhou-18 crew smoothly delivered their first spacewalk in early July, the three taikonauts
recently conducted a series of examination and maintenance works on
the Tiangong space station, as well as a full-system emergency drill in
case of internal pressure loss in the space station due to potential space
debris impact, China Central Television (CCTV) reported Sunday.
In coordination with ground control teams, the crew carried out an
emergency response exercise, which began with a simulated space
station pressure loss alarm, where taikonauts checked the alarm status,
made judgments and located the leak positions. Meanwhile, the ground
team cooperated seamlessly with the crew to seal the leak in orbit, successfully completing the drill, according to
CCTV.
Before the drill started, the Shenzhou-18 crew completed equipment confirmation tests, item preparation,
manual study and other preparatory tasks, the CCTV report said.
Generally speaking, space debris impact can be divided into two scenarios. One is very small particle-like
debris that would only cause minor damage which could potentially threaten some external equipment; the other
is the impact of larger debris with sizes of about five millimeters or centimeter-level, which could potentially
penetrate the hull, which could even cause severe breaches in the structure, Wang Ya'nan, chief editor of Beijing-
based Aerospace Knowledge magazine, told the Global Times on Sunday.
Overall, Tiangong being hit by space debris is a possibility, but unlikely. However, as the Chinese space
station now reaches a relatively large scale with its basic construction completed, it must take precautions, Wang
said.
In the event of such a scenario, China's top priority is ensuring the safety of its taikonauts.
Therefore, emergency drills will first need taikonauts to assess the extent of the damage to the space station's
compartments, utilizing data from sensors to identify areas with potential leak, Wang noted.
If the damage is minor, they can ensure the safety of other compartments by closing off depressurized sections.
And in urgent scenarios, the taikonauts will have to conduct an emergency evacuation, including moving to safe
compartments or to the docked manned spacecraft for temporary shielding, or even making an emergency return,
Wang said.
Space observers told the Global Times that they are fully confident that China can handle such scenarios.
"The space station is like a balloon, with pressure inside high but the external environment is close to a
vacuum. However, unlike a balloon, the structure of space station is very sturdy. During the construction stage,
Chinese researchers have fully taken into consideration the event of external impacts," Wang said.
Additionally, China is not passively defending against these threats. Through international data sharing, as
well as ground-to-space observations, we are closely monitoring the trajectories of large debris, allowing us to
predict their movements in advance. If they approach the space station, the station can adjust its orbit to avoid a
collision, Wang noted.
The Global Times learned from Lin Xiqiang, spokesperson of the China Manned Space Agency, in April prior
to the launch of Shenzhou-18, that the prevention and damage repair of space debris impact will be a key task
during their stay.
"With human space activities rapidly increasing in recent years, the problem of space debris has become more
prominent," Lin said. He noted that they had previously discovered that some of the solar panel cables on Tiangong
were damaged by space debris impacts, leading to a partial loss of power supply.
Building on the existing space debris protection mechanism at the station, the Shenzhou-18 crew will install
debris protection reinforcement devices on external pipelines, cables and key equipment during their
extravehicular activities. They will also conduct external inspections as needed to further ensure the safety of the
space station.
Apart from the emergency drill, the Shenzhou-18 crew has also recently conducted a study on emotion
recognition and evaluation in orbit, using testing software to fill out questionnaires on "mood status," complete
color preference tests and emotional image tests.
Based on the results, ground researchers will explore the changing patterns of the emotional states of the
taikonauts during manned spaceflight missions and study the effects of medium to long-term flights.
【原创·阅读理解】
1.What did the Shenzhou-18 crew do after their first spacewalk in early July?
A. Conducted a series of examination and maintenance works on the Tiangong space station.
B. Held a press conference with international space agencies.
C. Completed a space debris impact study.
D. Launched a new satellite into orbit.
【答案】A
【解析】 根据文章内容，神舟18 号航天员在7 月初完成首次太空行走后，进行了对天宫空间站的一系列
检查和维护工作。
2.What scenario is described as more dangerous for the Tiangong space station?
A. Very small particle-like debris.
B. Debris that is less than one millimeter in size.
C. Larger debris with sizes of about five millimeters or centimeter-level.
D. Microscopic space dust.
【答案】C
【解析】 根据文章，较大的碎片（约五毫米或厘米级）可能穿透舱体，造成严重结构损害，这被描述为
更危险的情景。
3.How does China monitor and mitigate the threat of space debris?
A. By using international data sharing and ground-to-space observations.
B. By relying solely on physical shields around the space station.
C. By using space debris tracking satellites only.
D. By periodically evacuating the space station.
【答案】A
【解析】 文章中提到，通过国际数据共享和地面到太空的观测，中国密切监测大型碎片的轨迹，并预测
其运动，从而降低碰撞的风险。
4.What additional task did the Shenzhou-18 crew undertake besides emergency drills?
A. Installing new solar panels on the space station.
B. Conducting a study on emotion recognition and evaluation in orbit.
C. Testing new propulsion systems for the space station.
D. Performing maintenance on the space station’s communication systems.
【答案】B
【解析】 除了应急演练外，神舟18 号航天员还进行了情绪识别和评估的研究，使用测试软件填写问卷，
以探索载人航天任务中的情绪状态变化模式。
【高频词汇训练】
一、单词拼写
1．The town has changed a lot and it is b recognition. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】beyond/eyond
【详解】考查介词。句意：这个小镇已经改变了很多，已经面目全非了。此处表示“面目全非”用固定搭
配beyond recognition，故填beyond。
2．The (平均的) number of electronic devices has risen sharply in recent years, making it possible for
us to study online. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】average
【详解】考查形容词。句意：近年来，电子设备的平均数量急剧增加，使我们有可能在网上学习。平均的
为average，作定语。故填average。
3．Owners of restaurants have to equip them to admit (有残疾的) people. （根据汉语提示单词拼
写）
【答案】disabled
【详解】考查形容词。句意： 餐馆老板们必须给餐馆配备接纳残疾人的设施。“有残疾的”应用形容词
disabled 作定语，修饰名词people，故填disabled。
4．She wanted to avoid another (冲突)with her father. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】confrontation
【详解】考查名词。句意：她想避免再和父亲发生冲突。空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词，根据汉语提
示，表示“冲突”含义的名词为confrontation，故填 confrontation。
5．Handle that vase (轻轻地) as it will easily break. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】gently
【详解】考查副词。句意：轻轻地拿那个花瓶，因为它很容易破碎。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状
语修饰动词handle，根据提示的汉语，表示“轻轻地”，副词gently 符合句意。故填gently。
6．Now that the problem has been identified, a (suitable) action can be taken. (根据英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】appropriate/ppropriate
【详解】考查形容词。句意：既然问题已经确定，就可以采取适当的行动。英语提示suitable 表示“合适
的”，结合首字母提示可知，空处应用形容词appropriate，表示“合适的”，作定语修饰名词action，符合
题意。故填appropriate。
7．It is not possible to pinpoint p the time of death. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】precisely/recisely
【详解】考查副词。句意：不可能精确地确定死亡时间。根据空格后，“死亡时间”可知，此处指的是精
确地确定死亡的时间；precisely 意为“精确地”，修饰动词pinpoint。故填precisely。
8．Only when (结合) with targets can great efforts help people realize their full potential. (根据汉语提示
单词拼写)
【答案】combined
【详解】考查动词。句意：只有与目标相结合，巨大的努力才能帮助人们充分发挥潜力。分析句子可知，
句中表示“结合”用动词combine，其与great efforts 逻辑上是被动关系，故使用过去分词与前文的when
构成状语从句的省略结构，表示被动关系。故填combined。
9．The government is facing a lot of p (政治) pressure to address the environmental issues. (根据中英
文提示单词拼写)
【答案】political/olitical
【详解】考查形容词。句意：政府在解决环境问题上面临着很大的政治压力。此处使用形容词political“政
治的”，作前置定语，修饰名词pressure。故填political。
10．The operator has to be able to carry out (日常的) maintenance of the machine. （根据汉语提示
单词拼写）
【答案】routine
【详解】考查形容词。句意：操作员必须能够对机器进行日常维护。根据汉语提示“日常的”可知，应填
形容词routine 作定语。故填routine。
二、语法填空
11．Mountain climbing is becoming popular, but it’s also a (potential) dangerous sport. (所给词的适
当形式填空)
【答案】potentially
【详解】考查副词。句意：爬山越来越受欢迎，但它也是一项有潜在危险的运动。此处修饰形容词
dangerous，应用副词potentially“潜在地”，作状语。故填potentially。
12．The prize goes to Mr Smith recognition of his achievement in the field of medicine. (用适当的词
填空)
【答案】in
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：该奖授予史密斯先生，以表彰他在医学领域的成就。in recognition of“承
认…而；为酬谢…”。故填in。
13．As an adult, we have to learn (handle) stress. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to handle
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一个成年人，我们必须学会处理压力。learn to do“学会做”为固定
短语，不定式作宾语。故填to handle。
14．Don’t push yourself to achieve more than is possible. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：不要强迫自己做成超出可能的事情。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语
从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“某事”，因此使用what 引导宾语从句。故填what。
15．Attending a great school with modern was one of my dreams in the childhood. (equip) (所给词的适
当形式填空)
【答案】equipment
【详解】考查名词。句意：上一所拥有现代化设备的好学校是我儿时的梦想之一。空处应填名词
equipment“设备”在句中作介词with 的宾语，为不可数名词。故填equipment。
16．The device (use) operationally some months previously. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】had been used
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：该装置已在几个月前投入使用。结合句意和时间状语some months
previously 可知，句子应用过去完成时，use 与主语The device 构成逻辑上的被动关系，故本句应用过去完
成时的被动语态。故填had been used。
17．He was able to hold back his (angry) and avoid a fight. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】anger
【详解】考查名词。句意：他克制住了怒火，避免了一场打斗。形容词性物主代词his 后应用名词anger(不
可数)作宾语。故填anger。
18．The pouring rain that night made it hard for witnesses (identify) the murderer. (所给词的适
当形式填空)
【答案】to identify
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那天晚上的倾盆大雨使目击者很难辨认出凶手。根据“made it hard for
witnesses”可推知，此处用固定结构“make it+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”，意为“使某人做某事……”，其中
it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式，空处应用identify 的不定式形式。故填to identify。
19．She was under extreme pressure moment she heard a familiar but horrible voice coming out of
the room. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】the
【详解】考查时间的状语从句。句意：当她听到一个熟悉但可怕的声音从房间里传出时，她承受着巨大的
压力。空格前面是主句“She was under extreme pressure”，表示她处于极大的压力之下。空格后面是时间的
状语从句，这是一个描述具体时间的状语从句，表示“当她听到一个熟悉但可怕的声音从房间里传出来
时”，“the moment” 是一个常用的短语，用于表示“一……就，当……的时候”，引导时间的状语从句。
故填the。
20．The two countries have always (maintenance) close relations. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】maintained
【详解】考查动词。句意：两国一直保持着密切的关系。根据句意可知，动词maintain“保持，维持”符合
题意，此处应用其过去分词形式和have 构成现在完成时。故填maintained。
【参考译文】
神舟十八号航天员模拟太空碎片撞击天宫进行应急演练
据中国中央电视台周日报道，7 月初，中国神舟18 号机组人员顺利完成首次太空行走后，三名宇航员
最近对天宫空间站进行了一系列检查和维护工作，并进行了全系统应急演习，以防空间站因潜在的空间碎
片撞击而内部压力损失。
在与地面控制小组的协调下，机组人员进行了一次应急响应演习，演习从模拟空间站压力损失警报开
始，宇航员检查了警报状态，做出了判断并确定了泄漏位置。与此同时，据中央电视台报道，地面小组与
机组人员无缝合作，密封了轨道上的泄漏，成功完成了演习。
中央电视台报道称，演习开始前，神舟十八号机组人员完成了设备确认测试、项目准备、人工学习等
准备任务。
一般来说，空间碎片撞击可分为两种情况。一种是非常小的颗粒状碎片，只会造成轻微的损坏，可能
会威胁到一些外部设备；北京《航天知识》杂志主编王亚楠周日告诉《环球时报》，另一种是尺寸约为5
毫米或厘米的较大碎片的撞击，这些碎片有可能穿透船体，甚至可能导致船体结构严重破损。
总的来说，天宫有可能被太空碎片击中，但可能性不大。然而，王说，随着中国空间站的基本建设完
成，其规模已经相当大，因此必须采取预防措施。
在这种情况下，中国的首要任务是确保其宇航员的安全。
因此，王指出，应急演习首先需要宇航员评估空间站舱室的损坏程度，利用传感器的数据识别潜在泄
漏区域。
如果损坏很小，他们可以通过关闭减压部分来确保其他隔间的安全。王说，在紧急情况下，宇航员将
不得不进行紧急疏散，包括转移到安全舱或停靠的载人飞船进行临时屏蔽，甚至紧急返回。
太空观察员告诉《环球时报》，他们完全相信中国能够应对这种情况。
王说：“空间站就像一个气球，内部压力很高，但外部环境接近真空。然而，与气球不同，空间站的
结构非常坚固。在建造阶段，中国研究人员充分考虑了外部撞击事件。”。
此外，中国并没有被动地防御这些威胁。通过国际数据共享以及地对空观测，我们正在密切监测大型
碎片的轨迹，使我们能够提前预测它们的运动。王指出，如果他们接近空间站，空间站可以调整轨道以避
免碰撞。
《环球时报》从中国载人航天局发言人林锡强那里获悉，在神舟18 号发射前的4 月，防止和修复空间
碎片撞击将是他们停留期间的一项关键任务。
林说：“近年来，随着人类太空活动的迅速增加，太空碎片问题变得更加突出。”。他指出，他们之
前已经发现，天宫上的一些太阳能电池板电缆被太空碎片撞击损坏，导致部分电力供应中断。
在空间站现有的空间碎片防护机制的基础上，神舟十八号机组人员将在舱外活动期间在外部管道、电
缆和关键设备上安装碎片防护加固装置。他们还将根据需要进行外部检查，以进一步确保空间站的安全。
除了应急演习外，神舟十八号机组人员最近还进行了一项关于在轨情绪识别和评估的研究，使用测试
软件填写了关于“情绪状态”的问卷，完成了颜色偏好测试和情绪图像测试。
基于这些结果，地面研究人员将探索宇航员在载人航天任务中情绪状态的变化模式，并研究中长期飞
行的影响。
