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高中英语外刊时文阅读训练
专题30
瞬间剧烈运动可改善认知功能
Ⅰ.文章话题导入
Ⅱ.外刊原文阅读
Ш.阅读理解专项针对性练习
Ⅳ.话题高频词汇强化训练
Ⅴ.参考译文赏析
【话题·导语】
加州大学圣巴巴拉分校的一项研究回顾了关于急性体育活动如何影响年轻人认知的运动研究。他们发
现，HIIT 和骑自行车等短时间、高强度的锻炼显著提高了记忆力、注意力和执行功能，在运动后和30 分
钟以下的活动中效果最强。
【原文·外刊阅读】
A Single Workout Can Improve Your Brain
（文章来源：Scitech daily）
Years of research on exercise have long supported the
idea that consistent workouts over time lead to both physical
and cognitive benefits. But what about short, intense bursts
of exercise? A team of scientists at UC Santa Barbara has
taken a closer look.
Their study was recently published in the journal
Communications Psychology.
“One of the most consistent findings in the literature is that exercise interventions — something
like a program that you would engage in, say, three times a week over several months or years —
improve cognition and can even promote neurogenesis (the process by which new neurons are formed in
the brain),” said Barry Giesbrecht, a professor in the Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences and
senior author of the study. “But studies looking at the effects of single, acute bouts of exercise are
much more mixed.”
Study Focus and Methodology
Focusing on subjects between 18–45 years old, first author Jordan Garrett — who graduated with
his Ph.D. from the department in June — and the team screened thousands of exercise studies published
between 1995 and 2023 to determine the consistent trends in the literature. Based on the results of their
modeling approach, cycling and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) produced the most consistent effects
in the improvement of memory, attention, executive function, information processing, and other cognitive
functions.
“We found that vigorous activities had the largest effects,” Giesbrecht said. “Also, the effects
were strongest for studies that tested cognition after exercise, as opposed to during exercise. And lastly,
the effects of exercise less than 30 minutes in duration were bigger than those that went beyond 30
minutes. Our work showed the strongest evidence for a positive effect of single bouts of exercise on
cognition and that this evidence was impacted by a variety of factors.”
Impact on Executive Function and Future Research
Also among their findings, the team discovered that executive functioning was the key cognitive
domain impacted by vigorous exercise, such as HIIT protocols.
“I think that the other intriguing result is that the overall effect of a single bout of exercise was
generally on the small side,” Giesbrecht said, noting that besides the variability across the experiments,
the enhancements may also be small because they are typically measured when the physical activity is not
related to the cognitive task. This raises the “intriguing” hypothesis, he added, that perhaps using tasks
that require the integration of actions of our body and cognitive systems may result in more pronounced
benefits.
Giesbrecht and his team are planning to put this idea to the test “using a combination of lab tasks
and real-world activities,” he said.
【原创·阅读理解】
1.What do consistent exercise interventions typically improve, according to Barry Giesbrecht?
A. Only physical health.
B. Cognitive function.
C. Weight loss exclusively.
D. Muscle strength primarily.
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据Barry Giesbrecht 的说法，持续的锻炼干预能够改善认知功能并促进神经生成（新神经元的
形成）。故选B 项。
2.Which type of exercise showed the most consistent positive effects on cognitive functions in the study?
A. Low-intensity steady-state exercise.
B. Yoga and flexibility training.
C. Cycling and HIIT.
D. Walking and light jogging.
【答案】 C
【解析】 研究发现，骑自行车和高强度间歇训练（HIIT）对记忆、注意力和其他认知功能的改善效果最
为一致，因此选C 项。
3.What was one significant finding regarding the duration of exercise and its cognitive effects?
A. Longer exercise sessions are always better.
B. Exercise lasting less than 30 minutes had larger effects.
C. Duration of exercise had no impact on cognition.
D. Exercise must last at least one hour for benefits.
【答案】 B
【解析】 团队的发现显示，持续时间少于30 分钟的锻炼对认知的积极影响大于持续时间超过30 分钟的锻
炼，因此选B 项。
4.What hypothesis did Giesbrecht suggest regarding cognitive tasks and exercise?
A. Cognitive tasks have no relation to physical activity.
B. Integrating physical actions may enhance benefits.
C. Exercise only affects memory recall, not executive function.
D. High-intensity exercises are less beneficial for cognition.
【答案】 B
【解析】 Giesbrecht 提出的假设是，将身体动作与认知任务结合可能会带来更显著的益处，因此选B 项。
D. A famous Chinese historical figure.
【高频词汇训练】
1．He announced his as chief executive of the company.（用适当的词填空）
【答案】retirement
【详解】考查名词。句意：他宣布辞去该公司首席执行官一职。根据句意表示“退职”应填名词retirement
作宾语。故填retirement。
2．我反对出国留学，因为那会花一大笔钱。(oppose)
because it would cost a large sum of money.
【答案】I oppose going abroad for studies
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。主语为I，表示“反对做某事”短语为oppose doing sth.；表示“出国留
学”短语为go abroad for studies。结合语境可知为一般现在时。故填I oppose going abroad for studies。
3．People say that Mary Shelley is one of the first fiction writers in English literature.
→ Mary Shelley is one of the first fiction writers in English literature. (同义句转换)
【答案】It is said that
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：人们说玛丽·雪莱是英国文学史上最早的小说家之一。空处对应原句中的
People say that，意为“人们说”，表示大家普遍认为或者传闻的说法，可用固定结构it is said that 表达同
样的意思，it 为形式主语，that 引导的名词性从句是真正的主语，且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填It is
said that。
4．听到这个有趣的故事，所有在场的人都突然大笑了起来。(burst)
Hearing the interesting story, all the people present .
【答案】burst into laughter/burst out laughing
【详解】考查动词短语。描述过去的一次性动作，句子应用一般过去时。“突然大笑起来”burst into
laughter/burst out laughing，动词burst 应用过去式形式。故填burst into laughter/burst out laughing。
5．他动身前往华盛顿，把他的宠物狗留给了邻居。（depart）
Washington, with the pet dog left behind with his neighbour.
【答案】He departed for
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。“他”是he；“动身前往”用动词短语depart for 表示，描述过去发生的
事，用一般过去时。故填He departed for。
6．这引起了所有人的关切和忧虑。（engage，主从复合句）
all the people and worried.
【答案】 It engaged that were concerned
【详解】考查动词时态、固定短语和宾语从句。根据“引起了”可知，应用一般过去时。此处主语为it，
表示“引起了”应用动词engaged，后跟that 引导的主要结构完整的宾语从句，表示“关切”应用be
concerned，从句谓语动词与people 保持一致，be 动词用复数were。故填
①It
engaged
that
were
concerned
②
③
④
⑤
。
7．不要希望过高，否则你可能会失望的。
Don’t raise your hopes too high, .
【答案】or you may be disappointed
【详解】考查连词、情态动词和形容词。“否则”使用连词or，“你”使用代词you 作主语，“可能”使
用情态动词may，后接动词原形be，主语指人，故“失望”使用形容词disappointed 作表语，此处用一般
现在时，故填or you may be disappointed。
8．The f said there would be sunny intervals and showers. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】forecast/orecast
【详解】考查名词作主语。句意：天气预报说，间或有晴天和阵雨。该句是一般过去时态，句子缺少主
语，再根据首字母，可知，名词forecast“天气预报”符合题意。故答案为forecast。
【参考译文】
一次锻炼可以改善你的大脑
多年来对运动的研究长期以来一直支持这样一种观点，即随着时间的推移，持续的锻炼对身体和认知
都有好处。但是，短时间、高强度的运动呢？加州大学圣巴巴拉分校的一个科学家团队进行了更仔细的研
究。
他们的研究最近发表在《传播心理学》杂志上。
心理与脑科学系教授、该研究的资深作者Barry Giesbrecht 说：“文献中最一致的发现之一是，运动
干预——比如说，在几个月或几年内每周进行三次——可以改善认知，甚至可以促进神经发生（大脑中形
成新神经元的过程）。”“但是，关于单次急性运动效果的研究则喜忧参半。”
研究重点和方法
第一作者Jordan Garrett 专注于18-45 岁之间的受试者，他于6 月从该系毕业并获得博士学位，该团队
筛选了1995 年至2023 年间发表的数千项运动研究，以确定文献中的一致趋势。根据他们建模方法的结
果，自行车和高强度间歇训练在改善记忆、注意力、执行功能、信息处理和其他认知功能方面产生了最一
致的效果。
吉斯布雷希特说：“我们发现剧烈活动的效果最大。”“此外，与运动期间相比，在运动后测试认知
的研究中，这种影响最强。最后，持续时间不到30 分钟的运动的影响比超过30 分钟的影响更大。我们的
研究表明，单次运动对认知有积极影响，这一证据受到多种因素的影响。”
对执行功能的影响及未来研究
同样在他们的发现中，研究小组发现，执行功能是受剧烈运动影响的关键认知领域，如HIIT 协议。
吉斯布雷希特说：“我认为另一个有趣的结果是，单次运动的总体效果通常较小。”他指出，除了实
验中的可变性外，增强效果也可能很小，因为它们通常是在身体活动与认知任务无关时测量的。他补充
说，这提出了一个“有趣”的假设，即使用需要我们身体和认知系统动作整合的任务可能会带来更明显的
好处。
Giesbrecht 和他的团队计划“结合实验室任务和现实世界活动”来测试这一想法，他说。
