一模前专题练02 阅读四选一
说明文
【体裁特点】
说明文是指运用较为朴实的语言来客观地解释某个问题、某种现象类的文章。说明文的总体结构通常
分为三个部分：说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结；从段落组织方式上分，常见的有以下五种结构：总分式
结构(总→分→总；总→分；分→总)；并列式结构(段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立)；对照式结构(结
构形式是一正一反)；递进式结构(文章各部分内容形成一层更进一层的形式)；连贯式结构(说明的各层次之
间是按照事物发张过程来安排层次，前后互相承接)。
说明文常见的说明方法有：定义与诠释、举例与引用、分类与图表、比较与比喻和分析与综合等。了
解说明文的写作手法、说明方法，理清文章结构是解题的关键之一。
【考情概览】
近五年高考阅读理解C、D 篇主要考查说明文，偶尔会出现议论文。说明文中科普说明文占比较大。
高考说明文体裁的阅读材料通常多为科普读物(包括介绍最新科技、重大成就等)、自然现象和新产品、新
工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等等。
高考阅读理解题中CD 篇，特别是D 篇是一道非常拉分的题。为什么会拉分，因为它难度大，具体体
现在下列五个“难点”：一是熟词僻义、课标衍生词、某些专业术语让考生处处碰壁；二是篇幅长以及较
多结构复杂的长难句让考生阅读时步履维艰；三是纷繁复杂的题材(甚至有些题材考生闻所未闻)让考生不
知所云；四是复杂的篇章结构、说明/描述方式、方法的多样性、层次性让考生应接不暇。五是四类题型
(细节理解题、推理判断题<包括篇章结构的推断>、主旨大意题以及词义猜测题)的全面考查让考生疲于奔
命。
【解题锦囊】
1. 快速浏览——整体把握说明对象
如果文章有标题那首先就要抓住文章的标题明确说明对象；其次可抓住文章的结构归纳说明对象。一
般说明文往往都会围绕一个主要问题或内容进行说明，而有的说明文则需要我们把小说明点归纳起来，构
成全文的说明对象。
2. 先题再文——带着题干通读全文
在对文章进行快速浏览之后，开始第二遍仔细阅读。在阅读前，需要先看题干，之后带着题干进行阅
读，才能做到把握全局、有所侧重。
3. 精准定位——重点研读几个片段
在仔细审读文章后，想必对文章已经有了深刻的印象与认识，此时再次回归问题，将考查内容(主要是
细节理解题和推理判断题)在原文中定位，重点研读定位的几个片段。研读的重点是利用“三步法”结合简
单句、并列句和复合句的知识破解与解题有关的长难句：抽丝剥茧找主干、条分缕析理枝叶、聚零为整破
整句。破解长难句的基础是要了解长难句句型的特点：①带有较多附属成分的简单句；②含有多个分句的
并列句；③含有多个分句的主从句；④复杂分句结构；⑤省略、倒装、虚拟、同位语、插入语等复杂语法
现象。
【典例】(与解题有关的)例句均选自【2024·浙江1 月卷D 篇】
1. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining
calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so
many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
抽丝剥茧找主干：we still have the same brains ..., and this mismatch is at the heart of why...(我们的大脑仍然
和……一样，而这种不匹配是……的核心原因)
条分缕析理枝叶：But as we’ve reshaped the world around us(但是，当我们重塑了周围的世界时)：as 引导
的是时间状语从句，整体修饰后面的主句。
dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories(大大减少了获取卡
路里所需的成本和努力)：现在分词短语作伴随状语，补充说明“重塑世界”带来的
结果；其中“involved in obtaining calories”是过去分词短语，作后置定语修饰“the
cost and effort”。
we had thousands of years ago(我们几千年前所拥有的)：定语从句，修饰先行词“the
same brains”，省略了关系代词that/which。
why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat(为什么
我们这么多人努力抵抗我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物)：why 引导宾语从句，作“the
heart of”中介词of 的宾语；其中“that we know we shouldn’t eat”是定语从句，修饰先
行词 “tempting foods”。
聚零为整破整句：但是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力时，我们
的大脑仍然和几千年前一样，这种不匹配是我们这么多人努力抵抗我们知道不应该吃
的诱人食物的核心原因。
2. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more
thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to
manage our time most effectively.
抽丝剥茧找主干：we need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption(我们需要更仔细地考虑
信息消耗)
条分缕析理枝叶：Therefore(因此)：副词作逻辑衔接词，承接前文，表因果关系，不参与句子主干构
成。
just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption(就像我们需要更仔细
地考虑热量消耗一样)：“just as” 引导的比较状语从句，用于类比说明主句观点，属
于句子的辅助说明部分。
resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food”(抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑)：现在
分词短语作伴随状语，补充说明“更仔细地考虑信息消耗”时需同步做的动作。
in order to manage our time most effectively(以便最有效地管理我们的时间)：不定式短
语作目的状语，解释“抵制精神‘垃圾食品’”的最终目标。
聚零为整破整句：因此，就像我们需要更仔细地考虑我们的热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我
们的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑, 以便最有效地管理我们的时间。
3. We’ re not tempted(诱惑)by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets—all the devices that
connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to
preschoolers.
抽丝剥茧找主干：We’ re not tempted(诱惑)by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets(诱惑我
们的不是甜食，而是我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑)
条分缕析理枝叶：破折号后面可以拆分成以下几个部分：
—all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of
information(that 引导的定语从句修饰all the devices)(将我们连接到全球各种信息传递
系统的所有设备)
... that do to us(that 引导的定语从句修饰前面的information)(……对我们做的)
what marshmallows do to preschoolers(what 引导的名词性从句表示“就像”)(就像棉花
糖对学龄前儿童做的那样)
聚零为整解整句：诱惑我们的不是甜食，而是我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑——所有这些将我们与全球
各种信息传递系统连接起来的设备，它们对我们的作用就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的作
用一样。
【典例】
【2025·浙江1 月卷C 篇】
A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix
planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the
designing. Eschewing fertilizers(化肥)and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more
like nature does.
The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II
in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used
modularly( 模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow
together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds.
Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the
planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife.
Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to
the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads.
It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned,
with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that
enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth.
The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the
garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most
gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon
absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.
28. What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean?
A. Running out of.
B. Keeping away from. C. Putting up with.
D. Taking advantage of.
29. Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced?
A. To control weeds in large gardens.
B. To bring in foreign species of plants.
C. To conserve soil and water resources.
D. To develop low-maintenance parkland.
30. Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens?
A. Traditional.
B. Odd-looking.
C. Tasteful.
D. Well-protected.
31. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?
A. The future of gardening is WILD.
B. Nature treats all lives as EQUALS.
C. Matrix gardens need more CARE.
D. Old garden plots work WONDERS.
【答案】28. B 29. D 30. C 31. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型园艺设计方法——矩阵种植。
28. 词义猜测题。根据上文“Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the
heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing.(这种被称为矩阵种植的方法旨在让大自然在
花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至承担一些设计工作)”可知，矩阵种植是让大自然自身承接更多的工
作；结合常识和划线词所在句“Eschewing fertilizers(化肥)and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly
simple principle: to garden more like nature does.(Eschewing 化肥和电动工具，它基于一个极其简单的原
则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种植)”中“to garden more like nature does”可推知，要像大自然那样进行
园艺种植，让大自然自身承接更多的工作，就不需要使用化肥和电动工具。所以划线词“Eschewing”
的意思是“避开、远离”，与“Keeping away from.”同义，故选B 项。
29. 细节理解题。根据题干中的“matrix”“planting”定位到第二段，根据其中“The concept was born when
German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that
would need minimal maintenance.(这个概念诞生于二战后，当时德国城市规划者试图以一种可复制且
需要最少维护的方式种植大片公园绿地)”可知，引入矩阵种植的想法是为了开发低维护成本的公园绿
地，故选D 项。
30. 推理判断题。根据题干中的“Piet Oudolf’s gardens”定位到第三段，根据其中“Dutch plantsman and
designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while
playing with color and form, including four season interest and serving the needs of wildlife.(荷兰植物学家
兼设计师Piet Oudolf 的花园推广了这种风格，在种植组合中增添了艺术气息，同时玩转色彩和形态，
四季都有看点，还满足了野生动物的需求)”可知，Piet Oudolf 的花园有艺术气息，很有品味，故选C
项。
附录：长难句解析
抽丝剥茧找主干：Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style(皮特
奥多夫的花园推广了这种风格
・
)
条分缕析理枝叶：Dutch plantsman and designer(荷兰植物学家兼设计师)：名词短语作定语，修饰主语
“Piet Oudolf”，明确人物身份。
adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes(为种植组合增添了艺术气息)：现在分词短
语作伴随状语，补充“推广风格”时的具体做法，是判断“有品味”的关键信息。
while playing with color and form(同时玩转色彩与形态)：while 引导的省略式时间状
语从句，与“adding...”并列，进一步说明花园设计的艺术感。
including four season interest(包括四季看点)：including 引导的短语作后置定
语，修饰 “color and form”，体现花园设计的全面性。
serving the needs of wildlife(满足野生动物的需求)：与 “including...” 并列，补充花
园的生态价值，不直接关联 30 题答案，但可辅助理解花园的整体优势。
31. 主旨大意题。根据四个备选项的提示，再读全文，根据第一段中“Referred to as matrix planting, this
approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing.
Eschewing fertilizers(化肥)and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like
nature does.(这种被称为矩阵种植的方法旨在让大自然在花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至承担一些
设计工作。它避开化肥和电动工具，基于一个极其简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种植)”和最
后一段中“With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established
matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering.
Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost
habitat and biodiversity significantly.(随着人类投入的大幅减少，花园的生态系统可以良好发展。成熟
的矩阵花园不需要我们给予大多数花园的维持手段：化肥、分株、定期浇水。与传统花园地块相比，
它们增加了碳吸收，减少了雨水径流，并显著改善了栖息地和生物多样性)”可知，文章主要介绍了矩
阵种植这种新型园艺设计方法，它让花园更接近自然、野生的状态，未来园艺可能会朝着这种更自
然、野生的方向发展。故A 项“The future of gardening is WILD(园艺的未来是自然的)”能概括文章主
旨，适合做文章标题，故选A 项。
附录：长难句解析
1. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the
garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers(化肥)and power tools, it’s based on an
elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.
抽丝剥茧找主干：it’s based on an elegantlysimple principle(它基于一个极其简单的的原则)
条分缕析理枝叶：Referred to as matrix planting(被称为矩阵种植的方法)：过去分词短语作定语，修饰
“this approach”，明确方法名称。
Eschewing fertilizers and power tools(避开化肥和电动工具)：现在分词短语作条件状
语，说明“让大自然承担工作”的具体做法，体现“接近自然”的核心。
to garden more like nature does(更像大自然那样进行园艺种植)：冒号后的不定式短语
作同位语，解释“principle”的具体内容，是全文核心观点。
2. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing,
regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater
runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.
抽丝剥茧找主干：Established matrix gardens should not need the life support(成熟的矩阵花园不需要这种
养护)
条分缕析理枝叶：we give most gardens(我们给予大多数花园的)：定语从句，修饰 “the life support”，
省略关系代词 that/which。
fertilizer, dividing, regular watering(化肥、分株、定期浇水)：冒号后的并列短语作同
位语，具体说明 “the life support” 的内容。
Compared to traditional garden plots(与传统花园地块相比)：过去分词短语作比较状语，
突出矩阵花园的生态优势。
they increase carbon absorption, reduce runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity
significantly(它们增加了碳吸收，减少了雨水径流，并显著改善了栖息地和生物多样
性)。
【典例】
【2025·浙江1 月卷D 篇】
As new technologies take on increasingly humanlike qualities, there’s been a push to make them genderless.
“People are stereotyping(形成刻板印象)their gendered objects in very traditional ways,” says Ashley Martin, a
Stanford associate professor of organizational behavior. Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a
simple way to fix this. Yet as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the fundamental ways people form
connections with objects, particularly those designed with human characteristics.
In her study, Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a
digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as “Miuu.” It was found that gender increased users’ feelings of
attachment to these devices and their interest in purchasing them. For example, participants said they would be less
likely to buy a genderless voice assistant than versions with male or female voices.
While gendering a product may be good marketing, it may also strengthen outdated or harmful ideas about
power and identity. The stereotypes commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are
more valued than those associated with women. These qualities, in turn, are mapped onto products that have been
assigned a gender.
Martin’s study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name
was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it — they would assume Miuu
was a “he” or “she.”
Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism(拟人化)“provides an opportunity
to change stereotypes.” When women are put into positions of leadership like running companies, it reduces
negative stereotypes about women. Similarly, anthropomorphized products could be created to take on
stereotype-inconsistent roles — a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations,
for instance.
32. What is the purpose of making new technologies genderless?
A. To reduce stereotypes.
B. To meet public demand.
C. To cut production costs.
D. To encourage competition.
33. What were the participants probably asked to do in the study?
A. Design a product.
B. Respond to a survey.
C. Work as assistants.
D. Take a language test.
34. Why is it difficult to create genderless objects?
A. They cannot be mass-produced.
B. Naming them is a challenging task.
C. People assume they are unreliable.
D. Gender is rooted in people’s mind.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A. The quality of genderless products.
B. The upside of gendering a product.
C. The meaning of anthropomorphism.
D. The stereotypes of men and women.
【答案】32. A 33. B 34. D 35. B
【导语】本文为说明文。文章讲述了新技术呈现人类特质时人们试图使其去性别化，但性别是人们与物体
建立联系的基本方式，且创造无性别物体很难，拟人化或能改变刻板印象。
32. 细节理解题。根据题干中“new technologies”定位到第一段，根据其中“‘People are stereotyping(形成
刻板印象)their gendered objects in very traditional ways,’ says Ashley Martin, a Stanford associate professor
of organizational behavior. Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this.
(斯坦福大学组织行为学副教授阿什利·马丁说：“人们以非常传统的方式对有性别的物品形成刻板印
象。”完全去除物品的性别似乎是解决这个问题的简单方法)”可知，人们对有性别的物品存在刻板印
象，让新技术无性别化的目的是减少这种刻板印象，故选A 项。
33. 细节理解题。根据题干中“the participants”定位到第二段，根据其中“In her study, Martin asked
participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a
self driving car known as ‘Miuu.’(在她的研究中，马丁让参与者对数字语音助手和名为‘Miuu’的自动驾
驶汽车的男性、女性和无性别版本的喜爱程度进行评分)”可知，参与者被要求对不同版本的产品进行
评价，这类似于对调查做出回应，故选B 项。
34. 细节理解题。根据题干中“genderless objects”定位到第四段，根据其中“Martin’s study also found that
creating a genderless object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless,
like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it — they would assume Miuu was a ‘he’ or ‘she.’(马丁
的研究还发现，创造无性别对象很困难。例如，如果一个物品的名字听起来是无性别化的，比如
Miuu，参与者仍然会给它赋予一个性别——他们会认为Miuu 是‘他’或‘她’)”可知，因为性别观
念根深蒂固在人们的脑海中，所以即使物品本身试图设计成无性别，人们还是会赋予其性别，这导致
创造无性别对象很困难，故选D 项。
附录：长难句解析
抽丝剥茧找主干：participants would still assign a gender to it(参与者仍会给它赋予性别)。
条分缕析理枝叶：also(还)：副词作状语，修饰“found”，说明这是研究的额外发现，不影响观点本身。
For instance(例如)：插入语，明确后文是支撑前文观点的例子，体现“论点——论
据” 逻辑。
if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu(如果一个物品的名字听起
来是无性别化的，比如“米乌”)：if 引导的条件状语从句，设定“无性别设计”的
前提，与后文“仍赋予性别”形成对比，突出难度。
— they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she”(——他们会认为“米乌”是“他”或
“她”)：破折号后的句子作补充说明，具体解释“assign a gender to it”的表现，强
化“即使设计无性别，人们仍会主观赋予性别”的结论。
35. 主旨大意题。根据题干直接定位到最后一段。根据其中“Martin sees a silver lining, however: She
believes that anthropomorphism(拟人化)‘provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.’(然而，马丁看到了
一线希望：她认为拟人化‘提供了改变刻板印象的机会’)”以及后文所举的例子可知，最后一段主要
讲了赋予产品性别有积极的一面，即可以通过拟人化改变刻板印象，故选B 项。
C-1
(2026 届福建省福州市高三上学期一模)Imagine you’re writing a poem, rhymes must be paired up before
you start a new line. It turns out that AI does something similar when Claude, a large language model(LLM), is
given the first line “he saw a carrot and had to grab it”, it begins thinking about words like “rabbit” almost
immediately, writing the next sentence to end at the appropriate rhyme.
Such forethought is unexpected. Scientists at Anthropic, the lab that developed Claude, built a tool and they
discovered some unexpected complexity.
The tool, a “digital microscope”, lets scientists look at which parts of the AI’s neural(神经的)network light
up when it’s working on different tasks. If a particular area of the LLM lights up whenever it produces words like
rabbit, then that gets marked as being related to rabbits.
This has let the team solve some open questions in AI research, for example, whether a multilingual(多语言
的)chatbot has awareness of concepts beyond language. When Claude is asked for the opposite of “big” in English,
or the same concept in Chinese, the same feature lights up in every case, before more language-specific circuits
kick in to “translate” the concept of smallness into a particular word. This suggests that AI might have a deeper
understanding of the world than we thought.
Other insights, though, are less encouraging. When Claude itself is asked to reason, printing out its chain of
thought to answer maths questions, the microscope suggests that the way the model says it reached a conclusion,
and what it actually thought, might not always be the same. Worse still, ask a leading question — suggesting that
the answer “might be 4”, and it will specifically add numbers that ultimately lead it to agree with the question, even
if the suggestion is wrong.
But being able to gain insight into the mind of an LLM provides clues as to how to stop it doing the same in
the future. The goal, after all, is not to have to do brain surgery, but to know what it’s thinking.
28. What does the writer intend to show through the example in paragraph 1?
A. AI can write texts as programmed.
B. AI can plan sentences in advance.
C. AI can deal with complex tasks.
D. AI can simplify rhyming lines.
29. How does “digital microscope” function in the research?
A. By tracking AI’s thinking activities.
B. By working on different jobs.
C. By activating AI’s “brain” potential.
D. By matching language patterns.
30. What can be inferred from paragraph 5 about Claude?
A. It may make stuff up.
B. It may skip chains of thought.
C. It may leave clues out.
D. It may give logical reasoning.
31. Which of the following titles best suits this text?
A. Why AI Still gets It Wrong
B. Chatbots’ Language Magic
C. Looking Inside AI’s Mind
D. The Rise of AI Chatbots
【答案】28. B 29. A 30. A 31. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章借Claude 的例子，介绍用“数字显微镜”探究AI 思维，发现其有前瞻性
等特点，也存在思维与表述不符等问题，旨在了解AI 想法。
28. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Imagine you’re writing a poem, rhymes must be paired up before you start a new
line. It turns out that AI does something similar When Claude, a large language model(LLM), is given the first
line “he saw a carrot and had to grab it”, it begins thinking about words like “rabbit” almost immediately,
writing the next sentence to end at the appropriate rhyme.(想象你正在写一首诗，在开始下一行之前必须把
韵脚配对。事实证明，人工智能也会做类似的事情。当大语言模型Claude 得到第一行“he saw a carrot
and had to grab it”时，它几乎会立即想到像“rabbit”这样的词，并写出下一句，使其以合适的韵脚结
尾)”可知，作者通过这个例子表明AI 可以提前规划句子，以实现押韵，故选B。
29. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The tool, a “digital microscope”, lets scientists look at which parts of the AI’s
neural(神经的)network light up when it’s working on different tasks.(这个工具，一个“数字显微镜”，能
让科学家观察当人工智能在处理不同任务时，其神经网络的哪些部分会被激活)”可知，“数字显微
镜”通过追踪AI 的思维活动来发挥作用，故选A。
30. 推理判断题。根据第五段“Worse still, ask a leading question— suggesting that the answer “might be 4”,
and it will specifically add numbers that ultimately lead it to agree with the question, even if the suggestion is
wrong.(更糟糕的是，提出一个诱导性问题——暗示答案“可能是4”，它会特意添加数字，最终使它
认同这个问题，即使这个暗示是错误的)”可知，这表明Claude 可能会编造内容来符合错误的引导，故
选A。
31. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Such forethought is unexpected. Scientists at Anthropic, the lab that developed
Claude, built a tool and they discovered some unexpected complexity.(这种前瞻性是出乎意料的。开发
Claude 的实验室 Anthropic 的科学家们构建了一个工具，他们发现了一些意想不到的复杂性)”、第三
段“The tool, a “digital microscope”, lets scientists look at which parts of the AI’s neural network light up
when it’s working on different tasks.(这个工具，一个“数字显微镜”，让科学家们可以观察到当AI 在处
理不同任务时，其神经网络的哪些部分会被激活)”以及最后一段“But being able to gain insight into the
mind of an LLM provides clues as to how to stop it doing the same in the future. The goal, after all, is not to
have to do brain surgery, but to know what it’s thinking.(但是能够洞察一个大语言模型的思维，为我们提
供了关于如何在未来阻止它做同样事情的线索。毕竟，目标不是要进行脑部手术，而是要知道它在想
什么)”可知，文章主要讲述了通过“数字显微镜”对大型语言模型Claude 进行研究，发现AI 在某些
方面有更深的理解，但在推理时存在说一套做一套的情况，而能够洞察 LLM 的思维为未来如何阻止
它出现这种情况提供了线索，整体围绕着对AI 思维的探究展开。所以C 项“Looking Inside AI’s
Mind(洞察人工智能的思维)”最适合作为标题，故选C。
C-2
(2026 届浙江省强基联盟高三上学期10 月一模)As the global population continues to expand, traditional
farming methods are struggling to provide enough food. However, an innovative agricultural company in Compton,
Los Angeles, may have the solution. Their revolutionary farming system could transform food production, offering
remarkable efficiency and sustainability.
It’s far from the storybook picture of a farm — no mud, no boots, no hens pecking in the yard. Unlike
conventional farms, this high-tech facility operates without soil, heavy machinery, or pesticides. Instead, it relies on
automation and advanced plant science to maximize output. Using precisely calibrated(符合标准的)LED lighting
and nutrient delivery systems, the facility produces up to 350 times more yields compared to traditional farms while
using just 10% of the water — and it can be replicated(复制)almost anywhere.
The entire process — from planting seeds to packaging produce — is automated. From the moment a worker
tips seeds into the sowing machine, robots take over. Nearly 80 plant scientists study best growing conditions for
each plant, working with over 100 engineers who translate these findings into hardware and software solutions.
“Plants are really just little software programs,” explains one of the scientists. By studying plant DNA
without changing it, scientists can program qualities like growth, flavor, and nutrition. For instance, exposing plants
to blue light at specific growth cycles creates leaves with a satisfying crunch at harvest. The same principles can
enhance antioxidant levels in vegetables by up to 40%. Since crops never contact soil, pesticides, or human hands,
they require no washing — reducing both water waste and contamination risks.
One of the greatest threats to the natural world is habitat loss due to farmland expansion. If successful, farms
like this could reduce deforestation while meeting food demands. Yet the high costs — including energy-intensive
artificial lighting — may block global adoption, particularly in developing nations where infrastructure is limited.
Could this be the future of agriculture? With its incredible efficiency, minimal environmental impact, and
potential for worldwide replication, this high-tech farming model may soon become essential in feeding our
growing world — if the challenges of scaling and affordability can be overcome.
28. What is the main feature of the innovative farming system?
A. It demands water-free technology.
B. It gets high yields with little input.
C. It is widely introduced in the world.
D. It mixes old and new farming methods.
29. What is the scientists’ major role in the process of the farming system?
A. They are gene editors.
B. They are machine operators.
C. They are system monitors.
D. They are plant programmers.
30. What may limit the worldwide spread of this farming system?
A. Low public acceptance.
B. Great farmland loss.
C. Poor production facilities.
D. High energy demands.
31. What is the author’s attitude toward the future of agriculture?
A. Optimistic.
B. Critical.
C. Indifferent.
D. Doubtful.
【答案】28. B 29. D 30. D 31. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍洛杉矶康普顿一家农业公司的高科技耕作系统，阐述其无土、自动
化等特点、优势，也提及推广挑战及未来潜力。
28. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Using precisely calibrated(符合标准的)LED lighting and nutrient delivery
systems, the facility produces up to 350 times more yields compared to traditional farms while using just 10%
of the water — and it can be replicated(复制)almost anywhere.(该设施使用精确校准的LED 照明和营养输
送系统，与传统农场相比，产量高达350 倍，而用水量仅为传统农场的10%——而且它几乎可以在任
何地方复制)”可知，这种创新耕作系统的主要特点是投入少(用水少)却能获得高产量，故选B 项。
29. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“ ‘Plants are really just little software programs,’explains one of the
scientists. By studying plant DNA without changing it, scientists can program qualities like growth, flavor, and
nutrition.(“植物实际上就是小型软件程序，”其中一位科学家解释道。通过研究植物DNA 而不改变
它，科学家们可以对植物的生长、风味和营养等特性进行“编程”)”可知，科学家在该耕作系统流程
中的主要角色是植物“程序员”，可对植物特性进行调控，故选D 项。
30. 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Yet the high costs — including energy-intensive artificial lighting — may
block global adoption, particularly in developing nations where infrastructure is limited.(然而，高昂的成本
——包括能源密集型的人工照明——可能会阻碍其在全球范围内的应用，尤其是在基础设施有限的发
展中国家)”可知，高能源需求带来的高成本可能限制该耕作系统在全球的推广，故选D 项。
31. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Could this be the future of agriculture? With its incredible efficiency,
minimal environmental impact, and potential for worldwide replication, this high-tech farming model may
soon become essential in feeding our growing world — if the challenges of scaling and affordability can be
overcome.(这会是农业的未来吗？凭借其惊人的效率、最小的环境影响以及在全球范围内复制的潜力，
如果能克服规模化和可负担性方面的挑战，这种高科技耕作模式可能很快会成为养活我们不断增长的
人口的关键)”可知，作者认可该耕作系统的优势和潜力，对农业未来持乐观态度，故选A 项。
C-3
(2026 届湖北省武汉市部分高中高三上学期九月调研)With a surface hot enough to melt lead in its
atmosphere, Venus has been described as “Earth’s evil twin” — similar in size, yet worlds apart. The question of
whether Venus was ever habitable has long been a hot topic among scientists. Some astronomers believe the planet
was once much more hospitable, but a recent research by Tereza Constantinou, a PhD student from the University
of Cambridge, has now dealt a blow to the idea that it ever hosted life as we know it.
Constantinou noted that early in the formation of Venus, the planet was covered in a vast sea of magma(岩
浆). If this cooled quickly, water would form oceans or be trapped as it crystallised(结晶), meaning the planet’s
interior(内部)would be water-rich. As a result, water would be released when volcanoes erupt. “If you look at any
photos of volcanism on Earth, you can see these large clouds coming out. Most of that is water,” said Constantinou.
But if the magma cooled slowly, water would have ended up as steam in the atmosphere. In this situation, water
would not be trapped inside the interior of the planet.
Constantinou and his colleagues studied changes in the Venusian atmosphere to cast light on the water
content of its interior. When they analysed the amount of substances being refilled, they found very little water was
being added. In other words, volcanic eruptions are “dry”. “The shortage of water in volcanic release reflects an
equally dry Venusian interior,” said Constantinou. The team announced that their findings did not support the
theory that Venus had surface oceans of water in its past, or a habitable climate.
Their conclusion could soon be tested. Later this decade, NASA is set to launch a mission to carry out fly-
bys of Venus. Constantinou said resolving the question could help astronomers rule out Venus as a habitable planet
now that the dry interior of Venus suggests it never has the oceans of liquid water traditionally thought necessary
for life to begin.
28. What is the finding of the recent research?
A. Venus is Earth’s identical twin.
B. Venus sets the whole world apart.
C. Venus was unlikely to sustain life.
D. Venus was more habitable than thought.
29. What is paragraph 2 mainly talking about concerning the research?
A. Its methods.
B. Its procedures. C. Its potential impact. D. Its theoretical foundation.
30. How did Constantinou and his colleagues draw their conclusion?
A. By analysing the changes of water content.
B. By studying the properties of substances.
C. By investigating the components of water.
D. By examining the differences of volcanoes.
31. What can the finding be used to do according to Constantinou?
A. Carry out more fly-bys.
B. Identify upcoming threats.
C. Conduct Venus observations.
D. Narrow down astronomers’ search.
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. A 31. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了金星虽与地球大小相似却环境恶劣，其是否宜居存争议。剑桥大学
康斯坦丁努团队研究发现，金星内部缺水、火山喷发“干燥”，不支持其曾有地表水和宜居气候
的说法，NASA 未来探测或验证结论。
28. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Some astronomers believe the planet was once much more hospitable, but a
recent research by Tereza Constantinou, a PhD student from the University of Cambridge, has now dealt a
blow to the idea that it ever hosted life as we know it.(一些天文学家认为，这颗行星曾经更加宜居，但剑
桥大学博士生特蕾莎·康斯坦丁努最近的一项研究现在却给这一观点泼了一盆冷水，即它曾经确实存在
过我们所理解的生命)”可知，最近的研究得出的结论是金星不太可能存在生命，故选C。
29. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Constantinou noted that early in the formation of Venus, the planet was covered
in a vast sea of magma( 岩浆). If this cooled quickly, water would form oceans or be trapped as it
crystallised( 结晶), meaning the planet’s interior( 内部)would be water-rich. As a result, water would be
released when volcanoes erupt. “If you look at any photos of volcanism on Earth, you can see these large
clouds coming out. Most of that is water,” said Constantinou. But if the magma cooled slowly, water would
have ended up as steam in the atmosphere. In this situation, water would not be trapped inside the interior of
the planet.(康斯坦丁努指出，在金星形成初期，该行星表面覆盖着一片巨大的岩浆海洋。如果这些岩
浆迅速冷却，水就会形成海洋或者在结晶过程中被封存起来，这意味着金星的内部会富含水分。因此，
当火山喷发时，水就会被释放出来。康斯坦丁努说：“如果你看地球上的火山活动照片，就会看到这
些巨大的喷出物。其中大部分就是水。”但如果岩浆冷却速度缓慢，那么其中所含的水分就会在大气
中以蒸汽的形式存在。在这种情况下，水就不会被困在行星的内部了)”可知，第二段主要是关于这项
研究的理论基础，故选D。
30. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Constantinou and his colleagues studied changes in the Venusian atmosphere to
cast light on the water content of its interior. When they analysed the amount of substances being refilled, they
found very little water was being added.(康斯坦丁努及其同事研究了金星大气层的变化，以探究其内部的
水含量情况。在分析物质补充量时，他们发现补充的水非常少)”可知，康斯坦丁努和他的同事们通过
分析水分含量的变化情况得出他们的结论，故选A。
31. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“ Constantinou said resolving the question could help astronomers rule out
Venus as a habitable planet now that the dry interior of Venus suggests it never has the oceans of liquid water
traditionally thought necessary for life to begin.(康斯坦丁努表示，解决这一问题有助于天文学家排除金星
作为宜居行星的可能性。因为金星内部干燥，这表明金星从未拥有过传统上认为是生命起源所必需的
液态水海洋)”可知，根据康斯坦丁努的观点，这一发现可以用于缩小天文学家的搜索范围，故选D。
C-4
(2026 届山东省聊城市百师联盟高三上学期第一次调研)Yellowstone’s wolves are helping a new
generation of young aspen(山杨)trees to grow tall and join the forest — the first new generation of such trees in
Yellowstone’s northern range in 80 years.
Gray wolves had disappeared from Yellowstone National Park by 1930 following extensive habitat loss,
human hunting and government wolf-killing programs. Without these wolves, populations of deer grew quickly. At
their peak population, an estimated 18,000 deer ranged across the park, living on grasses as well as the leaves of
trees like aspen. This prevented young trees from establishing themselves, and surveys in the 1990s found no young
aspen trees. But when wolves were reintroduced in 1995, the picture began to change. As wolf numbers rose, the
deer population in the park dropped sharply, and it is now down to about 2,000.
In the new study, published in the journal Forest Ecology and Management, Luke Painter and his colleagues
from Oregon State University surveyed aspen stands. “We’re seeing significant new growth of young aspen and this
is the first time that we’ve found it in our plots since the 1940s,” Painter said.
However, while Yellowstone’s aspen are recovering, they aren’t out of the woods just yet. The deer
population has declined, but bison(野牛)numbers have increased in recent years. Bison are a lot harder for wolves
to take down, said Painter, so increasing numbers of bison may be emerging as a new restriction on aspen in some
areas.
The re-emergence of aspen has widespread effects, Painter said. “Aspen are a key species for biodiversity.
The aspen trees let more sunlight through their leaves, which creates a habitat that supports a lot of diversity of
plants.”
“The paper shows the important ecological benefits occurring from the restoration of wolves to Yellowstone
National Park,” Dominick Spracklen, a professor at the University of Leeds, said. “Ecosystems that lack large
carnivores(食肉动物)are often increasingly out of balance. While reintroducing carnivores raises important
challenges around human-wildlife coexistence, this work brings the significant ecological benefits in the long run.”
28. What can be inferred about Yellowstone Park before 1930 according to the text?
A. Deer population reached its peak.
B. Human activities slightly affected wolves.
C. Bison were the main species in the park.
D. Gray wolves existed with deer there.
29. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean?
A. The aspen trees are too young to make a forest.
B. The aspen trees cannot get rid of survival threat.
C. Other tree species may hold back aspen’s recovery.
D. Yellowstone is not the best habitat for aspen trees.
30. What is Professor Spracklen’s attitude toward carnivore restoration in ecosystems?
A. Favorable.
B. Skeptical.
C. Disapproving.
D. Worried.
31. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?
A. The History of Gray wolves in Yellowstone
B. The Return of Gray wolves Revives Aspen Trees
C. The Challenges of Human-Wildlife Coexistence Grow
D. The Restoration of Large Carnivores in National Parks
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. A 31. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了黄石公园中灰狼群的重新引入如何帮助山杨树恢复生长，并强调
了恢复大型食肉动物对生态系统平衡的重要生态效益。
28. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Gray wolves had disappeared from Yellowstone National Park by 1930 following
extensive habitat loss, human hunting and government wolf-killing programs. Without these wolves,
populations of deer grew quickly.(由于栖息地大量丧失、人类捕猎和政府的灭狼计划，灰狼在1930 年从
黄石国家公园消失。没有了这些狼，鹿的数量迅速增长)”可知，1930 年前灰狼尚未消失，那时灰狼和
鹿是共存的，故选D 项。
29. 句意猜测题。根据第四段“However, while Yellowstone’s aspen are recovering, they aren’t out of the woods
just yet. The deer population has declined, but bison(野牛)numbers have increased in recent years. Bison are a
lot harder for wolves to take down, said Painter, so increasing numbers of bison may be emerging as a new
restriction on aspen in some areas.(然而，尽管黄石公园的山杨正在恢复，但they aren’t out of the woods
just yet。鹿的数量有所减少，不过近年来野牛的数量却在增加。潘特(Painter)表示，野牛对狼群来说要
难对付得多，因此在部分区域，不断增多的野牛可能正逐渐成为山杨生长的新制约因素)”可知，
“they aren’t out of the woods”指山杨仍面临野牛带来的新威胁，即“无法摆脱生存威胁”，故选B 项。
30. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘The paper shows the important ecological benefits occurring from the
restoration of wolves to Yellowstone National Park,’ Dominick Spracklen, a professor at the University of
Leeds, said. “Ecosystems that lack large carnivores(食肉动物)are often increasingly out of balance. While
reintroducing carnivores raises important challenges around human-wildlife coexistence, this work brings the
significant ecological benefits in the long run.”(利兹大学教授多米尼克
斯普拉克伦
・
(Dominick Spracklen)
表示：“该研究论文表明，黄石国家公园重新引入狼群后，产生了重要的生态效益。缺乏大型食肉动
物的生态系统，往往会越来越失衡。尽管重新引入食肉动物会给人兽共存带来重大挑战，但从长远来
看，这项举措能带来显著的生态效益。”)”可知，斯普拉克伦教授认可食肉动物恢复带来的生态效益，
态度是“支持的”，故选A 项。
31. 主旨大意题。通读全文特别是第一段“Yellowstone’s wolves are helping a new generation of young
aspen(山杨)trees to grow tall and join the forest——the first new generation of such trees in Yellowstone’s
northern range in 80 years.(黄石公园的狼群正助力新一代山杨幼苗长得高大，并融入森林——这是80
年来黄石公园北部区域首批这样的新一代山杨树)”可知，文章开篇点明“黄石的狼帮助新一代山杨生
长”，接着介绍1930 年狼消失后山杨因鹿过量而无法生长，1995 年狼回归后鹿减少、山杨恢复，还
提及山杨面临的新威胁及狼回归的生态意义，核心是“灰狼回归促进山杨复苏”，故选B 项。
D-1
(2026 届广东省大湾区高三上学期普通高中毕业年级联合模拟)Natural disasters like earthquakes usually
cause interruptions to communications, posing great challenges to rescue efforts. So in 2008, China launched the
Tiantong Project to set up a satellite communication system accessible to the public.
Now the project has led to major advances in satellite communication and mobile phone development. In
2021 the Tiantong satellites formed a network covering the entire Asia-Pacific region. In August, 2023, Huawei
released the world’s first smartphone that supported satellite calls, by directly connecting to the Tiantong satellites.
On December 18, 2023, a 6.2-magnitude earthquake hit Gansu, causing widespread communication interruptions.
Thanks to the Tiantong satellites, many of those trapped in the disaster were able to connect with the outside world
through the satellite calling function on their smartphones.
Direct satellite connectivity for mobile phones was previously believed to be impossible. To reach a small
smartphone, the satellite needs to produce a very powerful signal. When a large number of different high-power
signals flood the satellite’s transmitting antenna(传输天线)at the same time, they can lower the quality of satellite
calls and, in severe cases, cause the entire system to collapse. Since the 1970s, nearly all the previous commercial
communication satellite networks have experienced such major failures. This issue, known as PIM, was once a
bottleneck for further development of satellite communication technology.
To solve this problem, Chinese physicists have established a physical model that can predict the occurrence
of PIM with incredible accuracy. Based on this work, Chinese scientists developed the world’s first PIM
simulation( 模拟)software, which, in turn, helped Chinese engineers develop a series of effective technologies
against PIM. These key scientific and technological breakthroughs enable the Tiantong satellites to transmit and
receive electromagnetic(电磁)waves in 800 different frequency bands and, meanwhile, resist daily temperature
changes of up to 160°C.
Solving the PIM problem in such tough working conditions is extremely challenging. The success of
Tiantong exhibits the hard work of the project team and marks China’s leading position in this technical field
around the globe.
32. What was probably the original intention of the Tiantong Project?
A. To promote mobile phone development.
B. To build a natural disaster rescue system.
C. To develop commercial satellite technology.
D. To build an emergency communication system.
33. What is the primary cause of PIM?
A. Collapse of the systems.
B. Overload of strong signals.
C. Lack of physical models.
D. Equipment of low qualities.
34. What does the author want to prove by mentioning previous satellite networks?
A. The risk of satellite networks.
B. The necessity of solving PIM.
C. The fault of satellite networks.
D. The difficulty of solving PIM.
35. What plays a key role in the success of the Chinese team?
A. Their close cooperation.
B. The powerful satellites.
C. Their accurate prediction.
D. The PIM software model.
【答案】32. D 33. B 34. D 35. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国天通项目的背景、发展历程、取得的成就以及在解决卫
星通信技术瓶颈方面所做的努力。
32. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Natural disasters like earthquakes usually cause interruptions to communications,
posing great challenges to rescue efforts. So in 2008, China launched the Tiantong Project to set up a satellite
communication system accessible to the public.(像地震这样的自然灾害通常会导致通信中断，给救援工作
带来巨大挑战。因此，2008 年，中国启动了天通项目，以建立一个公众可以使用的卫星通信系统)”可
知，天通项目的初衷可能是建立一个应急通信系统，故选D。
33. 细节理解题。根据第三段“ When a large number of different high-power signals flood the satellite’s
transmitting antenna(传输天线)at the same time, they can lower the quality of satellite calls and, in severe
cases, cause the entire system to collapse. This issue, known as PIM, was once a bottleneck for further
development of satellite communication technology.(当大量不同的高功率信号同时涌入卫星的传输天线时，
它们会降低卫星通话的质量，在严重的情况下，甚至会导致整个系统崩溃。这个问题被称为PIM，曾
经是卫星通信技术进一步发展的瓶颈)”可知，PIM 的主要原因是强信号过载，故选B。
34. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Since the 1970s, nearly all the previous commercial communication satellite
networks have experienced such major failures. This issue, known as PIM, was once a bottleneck for further
development of satellite communication technology.(自20 世纪70 年代以来，几乎所有以前的商业通信卫
星网络都经历过这样的重大故障。这个问题被称为PIM，曾经是卫星通信技术进一步发展的瓶颈)”可
知，作者提到以前的卫星网络是想证明解决PIM 的困难，故选D。
35. 推理判断题。根据第四段“To solve this problem, Chinese physicists have established a physical model that
can predict the occurrence of PIM with incredible accuracy. Based on this work, Chinese scientists developed
the world’s first PIM simulation(模拟)software, which, in turn, helped Chinese engineers develop a series of
effective technologies against PIM.(为解决这一问题，中国物理学家建立了一个物理模型，能够以极高
的精度预测PIM 的发生。基于这项研究成果，中国科学家研发出了全球首款PIM 模拟软件，该软件进
而助力中国工程师开发出了一系列有效的抗PIM 技术)”和最后一段“The success of Tiantong exhibits
the hard work of the project team and marks China’s leading position in this technical field around the globe.
(天通项目的成功，既彰显了项目团队的辛勤付出，也标志着中国在该全球技术领域占据领先地位)”可
知，中国团队的成功得益于他们的密切合作，故选A。
D-2
(2026 届河北省衡水市高三上学期第二次调研考试二)The Galle Trilingual Inscription has been officially
inscribed(刻写)in the UNESCO Memory of the World Register. The stele(石碑)was constructed over 600 years ago
during Zheng He’s expeditions.
The stele’s rounded top features two dragons playing with a pearl. It is the only one surviving overseas that is
related to Zheng’s voyages. It’s still distinguishable today. It tells us that Zheng paid respect to religious sites and
made celebration offerings during his visits. Carved in three languages — Chinese, Tamil and Persian — the stele
has a historical value beyond words.
“There are many multilingual inscriptions in the world, but most of them are bilingual,” says Wang Hongmin
from the National Archives Administration of China. “Among the tri-lingual ones, only two include Chinese. The
Galle Trilingual Inscription is the only one inscribed in Chinese, Persian and Tamil.”
The inscription records Zheng’s offerings of equal value to several deities(神祇). “This practice reflects the
Zheng’s respect for religious diversity,” says Wang Deyan from the North China University of Technology.
This year marks the 620th anniversary of Zheng’s voyages. The explorer first set sail from Nanjing in 1405
and traveled as far as the eastern coast of Africa. At the time, Ceylon(now Sri Lanka)served as a key maritime
center in the Indian Ocean. It played a vital role in connecting Asian countries with the Arab world. Wang Deyan
added.
“Experts generally agree that Zheng stopped in Ceylon on almost every voyage,” notes Wang Deyan. “He
was on cordial terms with the local people. Their interactions not only facilitated cultural exchanges but also laid a
solid foundation for trade between China and Ceylon at that time.”
China and Sri Lanka have maintained a long-standing and close partnership in the study and preservation of
the Galle Trilingual Inscription. It is a symbol of the historical relationship between the two nations and a reminder
to cherish cultural diversity.
32. Why is the Galle Trilingual Inscription special?
A. It is inscribed in three languages.
B. It has complicated structure.
C. It was built by local people.
D. It can still be recognized.
33. What role does paragraph 5 play in the text?
A. Detailing the stele’s features.
B. Providing historical context.
C. Describing preservation efforts.
D. Highlighting international cooperations.
34. Which can replace the underlined phrase in paragraph 6?
A. Deeply absorbed by.
B. In cautious reliance on.
C. Constantly disturbed by.
D. In a friendly relationship with.
35. What can be inferred about the stele from the last paragraph?
A. It shows cultural ties.
B. It is newly discovered.
C. It is stored in two countries.
D. It records conflicts between nations.
【答案】32. A 33. B 34. D 35. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了被联合国教科文组织列入《世界记忆名录》的加勒三语碑文，
该碑文是600 多年前郑和下西洋期间所立，碑文上刻有中文、泰米尔语和波斯语三种语言，具有
极高的历史价值，体现了郑和对宗教多样性的尊重，也是中斯两国历史关系的象征和文化多样性
的提醒。
32. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Among the tri-lingual ones, only two include Chinese. The Galle Trilingual
Inscription is the only one inscribed in Chinese, Persian and Tamil.(在三语碑文中，只有两个包括中文。加
勒三语碑文是唯一一个用中文、波斯语和泰米尔语刻写的)”可知，加勒三语碑文很特别是因为它用三
种语言刻写，故选A。
33. 推理判断题。根据第五段“This year marks the 620th anniversary of Zheng’s voyages. The explorer first set
sail from Nanjing in 1405 and traveled as far as the eastern coast of Africa. At the time, Ceylon(now Sri
Lanka)served as a key maritime center in the Indian Ocean. It played a vital role in connecting Asian countries
with the Arab world.(今年是郑和下西洋620 周年。这位探险家于1405 年首次从南京启航，远航至非洲
东海岸。当时，锡兰(现在的斯里兰卡)是印度洋上一个重要的海事中心。它在连接亚洲国家和阿拉伯
世界方面发挥了至关重要的作用)”可知，第五段提供了郑和下西洋的历史背景，为理解碑文的历史意
义提供了背景信息，故选B。
34. 词义猜测题。根据下文“Their interactions not only facilitated cultural exchanges but also laid a solid
foundation for trade between China and Ceylon at that time.(他们的互动不仅促进了文化交流，还为当时中
国与锡兰(今斯里兰卡)之间的贸易奠定了坚实的基础)”可知，他与当地民众关系友好。由此可知，on
cordial terms with 意为“与……关系融洽、友好”，故选D。
35. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“China and Sri Lanka have maintained a long-standing and close partnership in
the study and preservation of the Gale Trilingual Inscription. It is a symbol of the historical relationship
between the two nations and a reminder to cherish cultural diversity.(中国和斯里兰卡在加勒三语碑文的研
究和保护方面保持着长期而密切的合作关系。它是两国历史关系的象征，也是珍惜文化多样性的提
醒)”可知，石碑显示了中斯两国的文化联系，故选A。
D-3
(2026 届湖北省湖北省部分市州高三上学期9 月调研)Microscopic plastic pieces are everywhere, and a
new study reveals they exist in bottled water at concentrations 10 to 100 times higher than previously estimated.
Researchers from Columbia University and Rutgers University found roughly 240,000 detectable plastic pieces in a
typical liter of bottled water, with the study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
The researchers used stimulated Raman scattering microscopy and machine learning to detect seven common
plastics, testing three unnamed bottled water brands. About 10% of these particles( 微粒)are microplastics(5
millimeters to 1 micrometer), and 90% are nanoplastics(纳米塑料)(less than 1 micrometer). Microplastics have
already been found in human lungs, blood and placentas. “Nanoplastics could be even more dangerous than
microplastics because when inside the human body, the smaller it goes, the easier for it to be misidentified as the
natural component of the cell,” says Wei Min, a Columbia chemistry professor and co-author on the study.
The International Bottled Water Association(IBWA)stated it had “very limited notice” to review the study,
arguing the new detection method needs to be fully reviewed by the scientific community and more research needs
to be done to develop standardized methods for measuring and quantifying nanoplastics in our environment. It
added there is no scientific agreement on the potential health impacts of nano and microplastic particles and media
reports unnecessarily scare consumers.
Phoebe Stapleton, another co-author of the study, says researchers already know that nanoplastics are in
water. “But if you can’t quantify them or create images of them, it’s hard to believe they really exist. The
importance of our team’s research is that it now reveals this clearly — it not only provides computer-generated
images, but also lets us measure the nanoplastics. Even more importantly, it offers chemical analysis of those
measurements.” she says, adding that the research helps people better understand how much plastic humans usually
take into their bodies and what effects it has.
32. How does the author introduce the new findings?
A. By giving examples.
B. By quoting an expert.
C. By defining a concept.
D. By providing statistics.
33. What could make nanoplastics a greater threat compared with microplastics?
A. Difficulty in detecting it.
B. Failure to create its image.
C. Larger quantity than microplastics.
D. High concentration levels in bottled water.
34. What is IBWA’s attitude towards the study?
A. Objective.
B. Approving.
C. Doubtful.
D. Indifferent.
35. What is Phoebe Stapleton’s remark mainly about?
A. Uniqueness of the study.
B. Significance of the study.
C. Potential application of the study.
D. Possible direction for further study.
【答案】32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项新研究发现瓶装水中微塑料和纳米塑料的含量比之前估
计的要高得多，介绍了研究的方法、相关各方的态度以及该研究的重要意义。
32. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Microscopic plastic pieces are everywhere, and a new study reveals they exist
in bottled water at concentrations 10 to 100 times higher than previously estimated. Researchers from
Columbia University and Rutgers University found roughly 240,000 detectable plastic pieces in a typical liter
of bottled water, with the study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(微小的塑
料碎片无处不在，而一项新研究表明，它们在瓶装水中的存在浓度比此前估计值高出10 到100 倍。来
自哥伦比亚大学和罗格斯大学的研究人员发现，一升普通的瓶装水中大约含有24 万块可检测到的塑料
颗粒，该研究成果已发表在《美国国家科学院院报》上)”可知，文中提到了10 到100 倍，还提到了24
万块可检测到的塑料颗粒，所以作者通过提供统计数据来介绍新发现，故选D 项。
33. 推理判断题。根据第二段中““Nanoplastics could be even more dangerous than microplastics because
when inside the human body, the smaller it goes, the easier for it to be misidentified as the natural component
of the cell,” says Wei Min, a Columbia chemistry professor and co-author on the study(该研究的合著者、哥
伦比亚大学化学教授魏敏说：“纳米塑料可能比微塑料更危险，因为当它在人体内时，体积越小，就
越容易被误认为是细胞的天然成分。”)”可知，纳米塑料在人体内时，体积越小，就越容易被误认为
是细胞的天然成分，可推理出纳米塑料更难被检测到，这使得它可能成为更大的威胁，故选A 项。
34. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“The International Bottled Water Association(IBWA)stated it had “very limited
notice” to review the study, arguing the new detection method needs to be fully reviewed by the scientific
community and more research needs to be done to develop standardized methods for measuring and
quantifying nanoplastics in our environment. It added there is no scientific agreement on the potential health
impacts of nano and microplastic particles and media reports unnecessarily scare consumers(国际瓶装水协会
(IBWA)表示，它“收到通知的时间非常有限”，无法对该研究进行审查，并辩称新的检测方法需要得
到科学界的全面审查，还需要进行更多研究，以制定标准化方法来测量和量化我们环境中的纳米塑料。
它补充说，对于纳米和微塑料颗粒对健康的潜在影响，科学界尚未达成共识，媒体报道不必要地吓唬
消费者)”可知，对于纳米和微塑料颗粒对健康的潜在影响，科学界尚未达成共识，且认为媒体报道不
必要地吓唬消费者，可推理出IBWA 对该研究持怀疑态度，故选C 项。
35. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Phoebe Stapleton, another co-author of the study, says researchers already
know that nanoplastics are in water. ‘But if you can’t quantify them or create images of them, it’s hard to
believe they really exist. The importance of our team’s research is that it now reveals this clearly — it not only
provides computer-generated images, but also lets us measure the nanoplastics. Even more importantly, it
offers chemical analysis of those measurements.’ she says, adding that the research helps people better
understand how much plastic humans usually take into their bodies and what effects it has(该研究的另一位合
著者Phoebe Stapleton 说，研究人员已经知道水中存在纳米塑料。“但如果你不能对它们进行量化或为
它们创建图像，就很难相信它们真的存在。我们团队研究的重要性在于，它现在清楚地揭示了这一点
——它不仅提供了计算机生成的图像，还让我们能够测量纳米塑料。更重要的是，它对这些测量结果
进行了化学分析。”她补充说，这项研究有助于人们更好地了解人类通常摄入体内的塑料有多少，以
及它会产生什么影响)”可知，这项研究有助于人们更好地了解人类通常摄入体内的塑料有多少，以及
它会产生什么影响，可推理出Phoebe Stapleton 的话主要强调了该研究的重要意义，故选B 项。
D-4
(2026 届湖南省湖南省高三上学期十月阶段监测联考一模)The Himalayan wolf and snow leopard are top
predators( 捕食者)in alpine ecosystems. Across the diverse landscapes of the Asian highlands, herding( 放
牧)communities exhibit varying attitudes toward snow leopards and wolves. Although snow leopards cause greater
livestock loss, these communities generally show greater tolerance and acceptance toward snow leopards. This
illustrates the predator paradox, where the more damaging predator is contradictorily more tolerated.
Attitude toward snow leopards and wolves in the Himalayas are shaped by factors like religion and culture.
Snow leopards hold significant cultural and spiritual value, especially in Buddhism. Local folk tales boost snow
leopards’ awe, portraying them as holy beings linked to spiritual beliefs of the communities. In contrast to the awe
for snow leopards, wolves are widely disliked and feared. This negative view stems from folklore, where wolves
are portrayed as sly(狡猾的)and merciless predators. These tales shape public view, fostering hostility(敌意)and
fear toward wolves.
Conservation efforts in the Himalayas primarily concentrate on snow leopards, often overlooking other
sympatric carnivores(食肉动物), like wolves. Consequently, programs for population monitoring, habitat
preservation, and livestock insurance mainly benefit snow leopards, leaving wolves with minimal attention or
resources. Additionally, key policy documents prioritize snow leopard conservation efforts, neglecting the
ecological significance of wolves. This mistake slows down carnivore protection and makes local communities feel
bitter toward wolves.
Interestingly, this difference exists despite both snow leopard and Himalayan wolf being globally classified
as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.
Both snow leopards and wolves are crucial to the Himalayan ecosystem, but conservation has
overwhelmingly favored snow leopards. This imbalance in attention and resources worsens the challenges faced by
wolves, highlighting the need for a balanced approach to conserve both species effectively.
32. What phenomenon does the “predator paradox” describe in paragraph 1?
A. Top predators always cause livestock loss.
B. More harmful predators are more accepted locally.
C. Locals tolerate different top predators equally.
D. Conservation focuses on more tolerated predators.
33. How do Himalayan herding communities view wolves?
A. As sacred Buddhist beings.
B. As tricky, fearsome hunters.
C. Less threatening than snow leopards.
D. As necessary contributors to the ecosystem.
34. What effect may the overlook of wolf conservation have?
A. It puts snow leopards in danger.
B. It worsens locals’ bitterness of wolves.
C. It improves the alpine ecosystem balance.
D. It slows the protection of carnivores overall.
35. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Why Protect Snow Leopards More?
B. Who’s More Tolerated?
C. How to Save Wolves?
D. Where’s the Balance?
【答案】32. B 33. B 34. D 35. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出喜马拉雅地区的放牧社区对雪豹和狼存在态度差异，雪豹更受包容，
而狼常被忽视，文章强调需平衡保护两者，以维护当地生态系统的稳定。
32. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“ Although snow leopards cause greater livestock loss, these
communities generally show greater tolerance and acceptance toward snow leopards. This illustrates the
predator paradox, where the more damaging predator is contradictorily more tolerated.(尽管雪豹造成了更大
的牲畜损失，但这些社区对雪豹却普遍表现出更大的容忍和接纳态度。这体现了“捕食者悖论”，即
更具破坏性的捕食者反而更易得到容忍)”可知，“捕食者悖论”描述的是尽管雪豹对牲畜造成的损失
更大，但这些社区对雪豹却表现出更大的容忍和接受度，即更有害的捕食者在当地却更受欢迎，故选
B 项。
33. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“In contrast to the awe for snow leopards, wolves are widely disliked
and feared. This negative view stems from folklore, where wolves are portrayed as sly(狡猾的)and merciless
predators.(与人们对雪豹的敬畏之情形成鲜明对比的是，狼普遍遭到厌恶和惧怕。这种负面看法源于民
间传说，在这些故事中，狼被描绘成狡猾且无情的捕食者)”可知，喜马拉雅的放牧社区将狼视为狡猾、
可怕的猎手，故选B 项。
34. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“ Additionally, key policy documents prioritize snow leopard
conservation efforts, neglecting the ecological significance of wolves. This mistake slows down carnivore
protection and makes local communities feel bitter toward wolves.(此外，关键的政策文件将雪豹保护工作
置于优先地位，却忽视了狼的生态重要性。这一失误减缓了食肉动物的保护进程，并引发了当地社区
对狼的怨恨)”可知，忽视狼的保护会减缓食肉动物的整体保护进程，故选D 项。
35. 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Both snow leopards and wolves are crucial to the Himalayan ecosystem,
but conservation has overwhelmingly favored snow leopards. This imbalance in attention and resources
worsens the challenges faced by wolves, highlighting the need for a balanced approach to conserve both
species effectively.(雪豹和狼对喜马拉雅生态系统而言都至关重要，但保护工作却绝大多数都倾向于雪
豹。这种关注和资源分配上的不平衡加剧了狼所面临的挑战，凸显出需要采取平衡的方法来有效保护
这两个物种)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了雪豹和狼在喜马拉雅生态系统中的重要性，以及保
护工作中存在的失衡问题，强调需要采取平衡的方法来有效保护这两个物种，因此D 项“Where’s the
Balance?(平衡在哪里？)”适合作为文章的标题，故选D。
