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第 18 讲 阅读理解之说明文
1．了解说明文的解题方法与技巧。
2．进行说明文真题训练。
阅读理解说明文，是对事物或事理进行客观说明的一种文体，它以说明为主要表达方式，通过解说
事物或阐明事例，达到教人以知识的目的。在结构上往往采用总分、递进等方式按一定的顺序（如时间、
空间、从现象到本质）进行说明。最近五年，说明文的出现变化不大，一直很稳定，选材通常是各学科
的前沿问题；高科技领域的科研成果；人们比较关心的社会问题；人文方面的经典。由于阅读理解题的
设置采用渐进式，即由简到难的方式，因此说明文是高考试卷中阅读理解题中相对比较难的，通常后置。
说明文是对事物或事理进行客观说明的一种文体，在新高考卷的阅读理解中每年都涉及到说明文的考查，
是必考问题之一。从命题形式上来看，说明文阅读常考主旨大意题和猜义题。说明文一般层次分明，结
构清晰，逻辑关系清晰。因此考生在备考时要多加关注，勤加练习。
说明文的选材都是各专业领域的前沿问题，尤以科技类说明文居多。说明文的词汇和句式的运用比
其他体裁文章而言，难度更大。词汇运用灵活，同一个词的不同词性用法交替出现。未列入考纲的生词
较多，专业术语也多，且对考生而言比较陌生。文章中的长难句比较多。这些都导致考生在阅读时难度
很大。
解题技巧
高考阅读理解题的设问主要围绕以下四方面：细节事实题、主旨大意题、推理判断题、猜测词义题。
其中，说明文主要以细节事实、主旨大意和猜测词义三方面问题为主。
一、事实细节题
属于细节类型的阅读理解题一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样。此类题型一般分两种。
第一种是直接理解题，在原文中可以直接找到答案。第二种是词义转换题，正确选项是原文有关词语和
句子的转换。做此类试题一定要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案
一定要符合原文，切不可望文生义。这类题型的主要提问方式常为：
①Which of the following is true/NOT true in the passage?
②Which of the following statements is NOT discussed/mentioned in the passage?
③Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?
④All the following statements are NOT true except .细节题的破解一般采用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息
进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提
高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。寻读法还特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。做此类型的题
目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。英语中有许多功能词，如：表因果关系的because, since, as等；表转折
关系的but, however ,on the contrary, on the other hand等等。
二、词义猜测类题型
在高考阅读题中，考生遇到的最大障碍往往有两个：一是被已认识的单词的某一熟知含义所误导；二是
被完全不认识的单词的意思所阻碍，从而出现理解偏差或理解困难，影响阅读的速度。其实解决这两个
困难的一个重要法宝是考生在心目中树立起上下文观念，要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同
位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。在阅读解题时要注意从以下七个方面着手：
1）根据定义或解释、说明猜测生词的词义
在be，be called，call等判断词出现的判断句中，或定语从句及标点符号，可以根据已知部分，猜测生词
的含义。例如： The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.通过理解定语从句的意思，
能猜出herdsman是“牧人”。
2）根据对比关系猜测生词的词义
在but，however，yet，otherwise，though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显对
比关系，根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义了。例如： Though Tom’s face
has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. 和clean意思相对的便是“肮脏的”了，因此可猜
出句中grubby的意思是“肮脏的”。
3）通过因果关系猜测词义
because, since与as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词，so是连接表示结果的状语从句的连词，so...that与
such...that中的that是连接结果状语从句的。当这些信息词出现在有生词的句子中，通过因果关系，依据
已知部分就能猜出生词的词义。例如：She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.
根据because从句所讲的意思，我们就可推测trim就是“修剪”之意。
4）根据生活常识猜测词义
运用逻辑推理能力，自身的生活经验及生活常识。再联系上下文能读懂的部分，可以正确猜出词义。例
如：Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold. 根据句子意思及生活经验，wither表示
“枯萎”。
5）根据同等关系猜测词义
同等关系，指的是一个词，一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且它们的词义都属于同一范畴。明显的
标志是，这样的词组或短语中间常常用并列连词and或or来连接。例如： At forty-two he was in his prime
and always full of energy. 从“年龄42岁”以及与prime具有同等关系的full of energy可以猜出prime的意
思是“盛年时期”。6）根据构词法知识猜测词义
根据学过的构词法知识，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出由它们组成的新词词义。
三、主旨大意类题型
主旨大意类题型主要测试学生对文章全面理解和概括的能力，提问的内容可能是全文的大意，也可能是
某段的段落大意，一般不易在文中直接找到答案。怎样把握主旨大意题呢？通常有以下几种方法：
（一）阅读文章的标题或副标题
文章的标题是一篇文章的题眼，通过阅读标题或副标题可以迅速把握文章的主旨大意。
（二）寻找文章的主题句
分析篇章结构，找出文章主题。在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可
以通过仔细阅读短文的第一句或第二句,即文章的主题句来归纳出文章的主题.若短文由若干段组成，除仔
细阅读第一段的首句外，还须仔细阅读每一段的第一句，即段落中心.通常文章的中心思想包含在文章的
首句，有时也在文章的末句，其他句子都是用来说明和阐述主题句。因此，在确定文章的中心思想时，
要求学生重视阅读文章的首句和末句。但也有一些文章，中心思想常常贯穿在全文中，因此要求学生综
观全文，对段落的内容要融会贯通，对文章透彻理解后归纳总结。主题句的特点是：1.相对于其他句子，
它表达的意思比较概括；2.主题句一般结构简单；3.段落中其他句子必定是用来解释,支撑或发展主题句所
表达的思想的。
（2023春·湖北十堰·高二房县第一中学校联考阶段练习）The idea that red means stop and green means
go has impacted our lives in more ways than just traffic signals. We have been taught from a young age that the
color red means danger and green means it’s okay to move forward. But why were those particular colors chosen
for traffic lights in the first place? For something we have to look at every day, why couldn’t they have been
prettier colors like magenta and purple?
Well, it’s important to know that before traffic lights for cars even became a thing, there were traffic signals
for trains. At first, railroad companies used red to means top, white to mean go, and green to mean caution. As you
could imagine, train conductors ran into a few problems with white meaning go. For instance, one train conductor
mistook a bright star for a white light and thought he was all clear. Well, as you can imagine, an accident
occurred. Because of common incidents like that, railway companies eventually proposed green meaning go, and
it’s been that way ever since.
As far as red goes, that’s always been a color that indicated danger, long before cars were even around. This
most likely started because it’s the color with the longest wavelength so it can be seen from a greater distance than
other colors.As far as yellow goes, it was used to caution drivers because it has a slightly shorter wavelength than red, but
not as short as green.
But, believe it or not, yellow was once used to means top the flow of traffic, at least as far assigns go. Back in
the 1900s, some stop signs were yellow because it was too hard to see a red sign in a poorly lit area. Eventually,
materials were developed that were highly reflective and red stop signs were born. Since yellow can be seen well
at all times of the day, school zones, some traffic signs, and school buses continue to be painted yellow.
1．What does the underlined word “clear” mean in the second Paragraph?
A．Without doubt. B．Easy to understand. C．Cloudless in the sky.D．Free from dangers.
2．Which of the following colors has the longest wave?
A．Purple. B．Yellow. C．White. D．Red.
3．Which of the following events came last?
A．Traffic signals for trains came into being.
B．Railway incidents happened frequently.
C．Yellow is widely used for its special character.
D．Railway companies chose green meaning go.
4．What’s the purpose of the author’s writing this passage?
A．To entertain. B．To inform. C．To persuade. D．To advertise.
（2023春·贵州遵义·高二遵义市南白中学校联考阶段练习）The population of a sea creature known as
the sunflower sea star, which was once plentiful along the Pacific coastline from Mexico’s Baja California
peninsula to Alaska, has been reduced sharply these years. Approximately 90% of them have disappeared since
2013 due to a mysterious sea star wasting syndrome (海星消瘦综合症).
One of the factors likely to have led to the death of sea stars is rising ocean temperatures caused by climate
change, according to some scientists. The ocean absorbs most of the excess atmospheric heat caused by
greenhouse gas emissions, which has the effect of increasing the temperature of the water. Many sea creatures can
only tolerate very small changes to their environment.
Sunflower sea stars feed on sea urchins. Sea urchins feed on seagrass. Without the presence of sunflower sea
stars, their key predator in the food chain, sea urchin populations have boomed. That has led to the death of many
seagrasses — which in turn contributes to the climate crisis, as seagrass is a valuable tool to store carbon dioxide.
Scientists at the University of Washington have been working on that. They have been raising a new
generation of sunflower sea stars that can be used to repopulate coastal waters. Jason Hodin, a research scientist at
the University of Washington’s Friday Harbor Labs, said that they’re hoping the program can help recover the
sunflower sea star and, ultimately, recover the health of ecosystems like seagrass that is under threat right now.
To test the sea stars’ ability to tolerate warming seas, scientists have these tiny creatures subjected tofluctuations (波动) in water temperatures in the lab. Some of the young adult sea stars are being raised in water
that is slightly warmer than normal, and are showing signs of being able to adjust to the added warmth. “These are
not typical ocean temperatures around here, but the success indicates that they at least have the ability to endure
the warmer water,” said Hodin.
5．Which could be a possible reason for the death of sunflower sea stars?
A．Habitat loss. B．Climate change.
C．Food shortage. D．Ocean pollution.
6．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．The living habits of sunflower sea stars.
B．The importance of seagrass to the environment.
C．The key role of sunflower sea stars in the food chain.
D．The consequences of the increasing sea urchin populations.
7．How do scientists help increase the population of sunflower sea stars?
A．By developing devices to cool sea water.
B．By improving the environment of coastal waters.
C．By growing plentiful seagrass to absorb carbon dioxide.
D．By experimenting on raising a new generation of the creature.
8．What does Jason Hodin think of the program?
A．It is meaningful. B．It is complicated.
C．It is bizarre. D．It is disappointing
（2023春·湖北襄阳·高二宜城市第一中学校联考期中）By drawing patterns on the surface of a cup of
tea, chabaixi (茶百戏), an ancient Chinese tea trick displayed in a recent TV drama, has gone viral for its
apparent similarity with modern coffee art. However, ten years ago, this distinctive technique was close to
disappearing. Zhang Zhifeng, a practician of chabaixi, found scenes of chabaixi in the drama aroused great
interest among ordinary people.
Chabaixi can create endless patterns such as bamboos and mountains or even calligraphy. There are over a
dozen steps, from grinding (碾碎) tea for fine powder, to pouring boiled water, stirring the mixture for thick froth
(泡沫), and finally drawing the patterns. It is different from making coffee because people use clear water as the
object to put into the cup instead of milk. But when the water touches the surface of whipped (搅打起泡的) tea, it
turns into a white color and disappears in 20 minutes. The process before the drawing is known as the tea—
making technique, diancha. The quality of diancha is crucial to whether patterns can be successfully produced
later.
“Chabaixi is one of the countless forms of tea-making techniques in China. The importance of chabaixi is notonly that this technique is unique in the world, but also it gives us a window into people’s lifestyle in the Song
Dynasty, a period of time when leisure activities in some ways are similar to what we have now,” Zhang said.
Before chabaixi was discovered by TV audiences, the technique was listed as part of China’s Intangible
Cultural Heritage in 2017, after it was recovered by Zhang Zhifeng. He started researching the origins of chabaixi
in the 1980s and brought the technique back in 2009 after decades of trials and practice.
“To let this technique fade would be a shame. It must be passed on to the next generations so they can
understand its history,” Zhang said.
9．What do the underlined words “gone viral” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Maintained highly competitive. B．Received good protection.
C．Started declining gradually. D．Became popular quickly.
10．What do we know about chabaixi?
A．It develops based on coffee art. B．It involves complicated tea-making skills.
C．It mainly describes beautiful scenery. D．It is painted with whipped milk.
11．What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The origin of chabaixi. B．The uniqueness of chabaixi.
C．The significance of chabaixi. D．The development of chabaixi.
12．What can be the best title for this passage?
A．Zhang Zhifeng—A Practician of Chabaixi
B．Ancient Tea Technique Finds New Popular Recognition
C．A China’s Intangible Cultural Heritage
D．Chabaixi—A Famous Tea-making Technique
（2023春·贵州遵义·高二遵义市南白中学校联考阶段练习）There’s a new AI bot: ChatGPT, and you’d
better pay attention, even if you aren’t into artificial intelligence. The tool is an AI chatbot system that OpenAI
released in November 2022 to show off and test what a very large, powerful AI system can achieve.
ChatGPT remembers the thread of your dialogue, using previous questions and answers to inform its next
responses. It derives its answers from huge volumes of information on the Internet. ChatGPT is built on top of the
OpenAI GPT-3 family of large language models and is fine-tuned (a method of transfer learning) using both
supervised and reinforcement learning (监督和强化学习).
You can ask ChatGPT anything, like explaining physics, asking for birthday party ideas and getting
programming (编程) help. Perhaps it’s not smart enough to replace all humans yet, but it can be creative, and its
answers can sound downright authoritative. A few days after its launch, more than 1 million people were trying
out ChatGPT. UBS analyst Lloyd Walmsley estimated in February 2023 that ChatGPT reached 100 million
monthly users in January, accomplishing in 2 months what took TikTok about 9 months and Instagram two and ahalf years.
ChatGPT is free to use at the moment because it is still in its research phase. But when too many people hop
onto the server (服务器), it overloads and can’t process your request. It just means you should try visiting the site
at a later time when fewer people are trying to access it. If you want to skip the wait and have reliable access,
there is an option for you. As of Feb.1, 2023, OpenAI has a ChatGPT pro plan, ChatGPT Plus, which allows users
to have general access even during peak times. This service does come at a cost of $20 / month.’
However, ChatGPT can not replace Google. ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence bot that provides solutions
to your questions, but Google is a search engine in which you can search for as much information as possible.
ChatGPT has limited knowledge due to its programming but Google has unlimited knowledge which is updated
every day.
13．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about ChatGPT?
A．Its language model. B．Its working theory.
C．Its design inspiration. D．Its development process.
14．Why does the author list figures in paragraph 3?
A．To show the popularity of ChatGPT.
B．To stress the high cost of inventing ChatGPT.
C．To present the creativity of artificial intelligence.
D．To prove the necessity of developing tools for chatting online.
15．What is ChatGPT Plus intended for?
A．Guiding users to experience free services.
B．Allowing net surfers to skip advertisements.
C．Helping researchers detect the failure of the system.
D．Offering consumers priority access during peak hours.
16．What is a limitation of ChatGPT compared with Google?
A．It operates based on limited data.
B．It takes more time to search for solutions.
C．It can only update information at a fixed time.
D．It may provide replies unrelated to the questions.
（2023春·山东烟台·高二统考期中）Scientists have used lasers (激光) to generate electricity in the lab
before. Recently Swiss researchers have found in a mountaintop experiment that a powerful laser can grab hold of
a lightning flash and reroute its path through the sky, which is the first demonstration that the technique works in
real-world storms and could someday lead to better protection, against lightning.
Today’s most common anti-lightning tech is the classic lightning rod, a meters-long metal pole rooted to theground. It attracts lightning and safely guides the electricity into the ground. But the area protected by a lightning
rod is limited by the rod’s height. “If you want to protect large buildings like airports, you would need a lightning
rod of kilometer size,” says Aurélien Houard, a French physicist. Such at all metal pole would be impractical But
a laser could reach that far, stopping distant lightning flashes and taking them down to ground-based metal rods.
Houard and his colleagues tested this idea a top Säntis mountain in Switzerland. They setup a high-power
laser near a telecommunication tower tipped with a lightning rod that is struck by lightning around 100 times
every year. The tower was hit by lightning four times while the laser was on. One of those strikes happened in a
fairly clear sky, allowing two high-speed cameras to shoot the moment. Those images showed lightning rushing
down from the clouds and following the laser light for some 50 meters toward the tower’s lightning rod.
To follow the paths of the three flashes they couldn’t see, the researchers looked at radio waves given off by
the lightning. Those radio waves showed the three strikes followed the path of the laser much more closely than
other strikes that happened when the laser was off. This suggested that the laser guided these three strikes to the
lightning rod as well.
It’s a real achievement but the laser is too expensive. It’ll probably take a decade or more before it’s truly
able to protect large buildings.
17．What new function of lasers was discovered in the outdoor experiment?
A．To prevent storms. B．To produce electricity.
C．To set off lightning flashes. D．To redirect lightning strikes.
18．What aspect of a lightning rod does paragraph 2 focus on?
A．Its category. B．Its structure. C．Its weakness. D．Its inventor.
19．How did the researchers track the invisible lightning flash?
A．Through cameras. B．Through its radio waves.
C．Through a tower. D．Through a lightning rod.
20．Where can we most probably read this text?
A．In a personal diary. B．In a popular magazine.
C．In a physics textbook. D．In a class presentation.
（2023春·宁夏吴忠·高二吴忠中学校考期中）Twelve years ago, a young traveler named Rhett Butler
from San Francisco, California, visited the Sabah rainforest on Malaysian Borneo. In one area of the rainforest, he
watched a bird flying through the trees. The beautiful sight left quite an impression on him. But weeks later, back
home, Rhett Butler got the news that trees had been cut down for their wood in the area he visited.
That experience led Rhett Butler to begin writing a book about rainforests and threats (威胁) to their
existence. But he did not publish the book. Instead, in 1999, he used his research for the book to create a website.
The site is Mongabay.com. His purpose was to inform the public about tropical rainforests. But the subject quicklydeveloped. As a former businessman, he became a respected writer of science and environmental stories.
The popularity of Mongabay.com attracted advertisers. Small ads on the site pay for its operations.
Mongabay.com has grown and led to other sites. For example, there is a site for children which is called kids
mongabay.com. Another one, WildMadagascar.org, is all about the island nation that Rhett Butler calls his favorite
place.
To keep his website going, he travels around the world on several major trips each year. His working tools
are a laptop computer, cameras and sometimes diving equipment. He often calls on experts for information. For
example, he interviewed Alison Jolly, a top expert on lemurs (狐猴). He interviewed Rodney Jackson, a biologist
who established the Snow Leopard Conservancy.
Stories like these have made Mongabay.com a favorite place on the Internet for researchers, students and
teachers. In April, Time. Com. named it one of the fifteen top climate and environment websites in the world.
21．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．Rhett Butler and His Website
B．Rainforest on Malaysian Borneo
C．How Rhett Butler Protected Rare Animals
D．How Rhett Butler Made His Website Popular
22．Rhett Butler didn’t publish his book about rainforests because________.
A．making websites earns more money than writing books
B．he was not prepared to publish his book
C．the book was not about rainforest protection
D．he wanted to use the information to create a website
23．Which of the following is NOT true about the Mongabay.com?
A．It was set up in 1999. B．It attracted many advertisers.
C．Two related websites grew from it. D．Rhett Butler made a lot of money from it.
24．To keep his website going, Rhett Butler________.
A．kept visiting the rainforest B．traveled around and interviewed experts
C．raised rare snow leopards D．made a great number of advertisements
（2023春·宁夏吴忠·高二吴忠中学校考期中）Nowadays, children spend less time in the fresh air. Many
of them are addicted to a screen either on a computer or a TV— they seem to be living in a virtual world. They
have lost touch with nature.
But now 400 organizations in the UK, from playgroups to the National Health Service, are encouraging
children to have some “wild time”. They want kids to swap at least 30 minutes of watching TV or playing
computer games for time playing outside. Activities such as building dens, climbing trees, rummaging for conkersand playing hide and seek are just some of the things kid can do. Even if they live in a city, they can go on
adventures in the garden or the park.
Children often need a helping hand from mum and dad. They need to be shown what to do and where to go.
Andy Simpson from National Health Service says, “We want parents to see what this magical wonder product
does for their kids’ development, independence and creativity, by giving wild time a go.”
So despite the complicated world that young people grow up in now, it seems that going back to basics and
experiencing “nature’s playground” is what modern children need. David Bond from Project Wild Thing says,
“We need to make more space for wild time in children’s daily routine, freeing this generation of kids to have the
sort of experiences that many of us took for granted.”
This might sound a bit old fashioned to you or maybe, like me, it’s made you think about sticking on your
boots, getting outdoors and reliving your childhood. There’s no age limit on enjoying yourself!
25．Children are encouraged to do the following activities except________.
A．building dens B．climbing trees
C．playing hide and seek D．watching TV
26．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4?
A．Adults value outdoor activities. B．Modern children need wild time.
C．The present world is complicated. D．This generation of kids has no freedom
27．The last paragraph suggests that________.
A．People at any age can enjoy wild time
B．It is out of date to go outdoors
C．It is too late for adults to enjoy nature
D．People like recalling the past
28．What is the best title of the text?
A．More space for children B．Benefits of wild time
C．Wild time for children D．Adventures of children
（2023春·湖南郴州·高二嘉禾县第一中学校考阶段练习）There’s always been debate about the best time
of day to work out. For the longest time I’ve heard that exercising in the morning is ideal, but others say a
nighttime workout benefits them more. I was one of those evening exercisers when I was working in an office
regularly but have since shifted to late morning workouts. Is one time really better than another, and why?
Regardless of when you work out, there are many health benefits from moving regularly, like improving your
heart health, getting stronger or even improving your endurance. Most people decide to exercise when it best fits
their schedule, so oftentimes they can’t help the time of the day they choose to be active.Research has shown, however, that the time of day you choose to exercise can affect your workout in various
ways. The best time to work out is whenever you can. We don’t all have schedules that allow for a 90-minute
workout. If your only time of day to exercise is before work, then morning is best. If you reserve physical activity
for packed evenings, there’s a good chance you won’t ever get to it. Likewise, if you can only squash 20 minutes
of exercise into your day right before you get ready for bed, that’s the best time to work out. I want to add a note
on consistency, though. The best time to exercise is whenever you can, but the best time of day to exercise is the
time you can stick with for days, weeks and months.
The fact of the matter is that people who exercise invariably see better weight loss and fitness results in the
long-term. Research also suggests that your body can adapt to regular training schedules, so if you work out every
morning, you will probably get a lot better at working out in the morning, and the same in regard to night
workouts. That all said, morning workouts and night workouts both have their advantages and disadvantages as
evidenced by decades of scientific research.
29．Why does the author talk about the debate?
A．To give background knowledge. B．To introduce the topic of the text.
C．To show the author’s attitude. D．To show people’s puzzlement when exercise.
30．When is the best time to take exercise according to the text?
A．In the morning. B．In the evening. C．After work. D．The time you can stick to.
31．What is the most important as to exercise according to the text?
A．Choosing the proper place. B．Choosing favorite sport.
C．Working out regularly. D．Exercising 20 minutes a day.
32．What is the best title for the text?
A．The various ways to exercise B．The common forms of exercising
C．The best time of a day for exercising D．The good reasons for exercising
（2023春·湖北宜昌·高二葛洲坝中学校考阶段练习）Nowadays some companies are attempting to grow
seafood from cells in a laboratory rather than harvesting it from the oceans.
With massive problems with overfishing worldwide and growing demand for shrinking supplies of seafood,
the way fish currently makes its way to our plates isn’t a long-term viable option. Between 1961 and 2016, the
average annual increase in global food fish consumption outpaced population growth. Those are figures not
sustainable for us, the fish or the environment as a whole.
Cellular seafood could be the answer. Just don’t make the mistake of calling it lab-grown fish. ‘‘None of us in
the industry would call it lab-grown seafood,” says Mike Selden, CEO of Finless Foods. ‘‘Finless Foods isn’t lab-
grown. We experiment and create our science in the lab, but don’t produce there. Our products come from a
production base much like a farm as a production base for animals.’’Finless Foods is a tech company in San Francisco. Beginning in 2017, it’s been working to bring to market a
species of cultured bluefin tuna (蓝鳍金枪鱼) created using cellular technology. Shortly after that, the company
produced its first pound of bluefin tuna meat for a cost of about $19,000. Since then, however, it’s been the first
battle to bring that price down.
Selden terms what Finless Foods is doing as ‘‘cell-based seafood’’. ‘‘We’re growing seafood from real
seafood cells,’’ Selden explained. ‘‘We take cells from a fish once, and then grow them endlessly from that. We do
the same process that happens inside of a fish and make it happen outside of a fish.”
The goal of cellular seafood isn’t to entirely destroy the current seafood industry. Instead, it’s intended to
augment it—and perhaps to help reduce some of the more harmful aspects of current fishing practices like
overfishing and illegal fishing. And when it comes to certain sea species, this laboratory-based approach could
help create a plentiful supply of certain fish without endangering the survival of certain overfished species as a
whole.
33．What is the main function of the second paragraph?
A．Warning us of the shrinking seafood supplies.
B．Stressing the significance of cellular seafood.
C．Analyzing the reasons for global overfishing.
D．Showing the environmental effect of seafood.
34．What is the top priority of producing cellular seafood ?
A．Cutting down the high cost of production.
B．Enriching the nutrient content.
C．Reducing harmful health effect.
D．Simplifying the production process.
35．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Cellular seafood isn’t lab-grown food because it is processed in a production base wholly.
B．Finless Foods does the same process inside a fish as a fish does.
C．Finless Foods can create a new range of fish.
D．Cellular seafood can strengthen the current seafood industry.
36．What is the best title for the text?
A．Seafood in Cells. B．Cheaper Seafood.
C．Insufficient Seafood Supplies. D．Current Seafood Industry.
（2023春·河北沧州·高二统考期中）One of the most exciting parts of Halloween is getting pumpkins (南
瓜) to decorate the inside and outside of your home. You might even enjoy carving out Jack O Lanterns and might
even keep the pumpkins around until they are right at the end of looking good. So what do you do once it’s time todeal with them?
A lot of people think that it’s a good idea to throw them into the woods in order to feed them to wildlife. You
would think that it’s better to do that rather than throw them in the trash. However, this is why wildlife experts are
warming against doing that.
While the idea is reasonable, it is actually causing a lot of harm to the local creatures. A myth seems to have
built up that leaving pumpkins in woods helps wildlife.
One of the biggest issues is that these pumpkins are frequently eaten by hedgehogs (刺猬) that are looking to
gain as much weight as possible in this time of the year before winter kicks in. However, the pumpkin is actually
bad for their little stomachs, causing them to experience dehydration and diarrhoea, eventually causing them to
lose weight, and in some cases their lives.
Of course, while Jack O Lanterns are lovely to look at, a lot of people throw them out without cleaning out
any of the candles, plastic, or anything else that has been added as decorations. This can cause damage and can
even be deadly to wildlife that end up eating these thrown-away pumpkins. The rotting pumpkins could attract
wildlife that is not meant to be in that specific area, like rats.
If you’re wondering what you should be doing with these old pumpkins instead, experts have some
suggestions. You could try to compost (堆肥) them on your own at home. Another alternative is to ask a local
farm if they want to accept them as donations. Just make sure that the way you deal with these pumpkins doesn’t
end up causing harm.
37．What is a possible result of hedgehogs eating pumpkins?
A．They put on weight. B．Their health improves.
C．They get in danger. D．Their diets change.
38．What’s the problem with used pumpkins?
A．They are unfit to eat. B．They can’t break down easily.
C．They are not available in abundance. D．They attract too much.
39．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．Pumpkin harm you should avoid.
B．Benefits coming from the old pumpkins.
C．Places where used pumpkins are needed.
D．Suggestions on dealing with used pumpkins.
40．Which of the following can be the best tile for the text?
A．Thrown-Away Pumpkins Attract Rats
B．Never Throw Old Pumpkins into Woods
C．Pumpkins Bring Great Fun to HolidaysD．Avoid Pumpkin Decorations for Holidays
