文档内容
考点 18 阅读之说明文（解析
版）
【命题趋势】
说明文在高考中一直处于主导地位，其特点：词汇量和长难句比其他体裁的文章多，学生只要账务相
关词汇，熟悉句式句型，基本上不会有问题。以下是近两年真题和模拟试题，学生可以集中练习。
1.【2021年6月浙江卷】
If you ever get the impression that your dog can "tell" whether you look content or annoyed, you may
be onto something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new
study
Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images（图像）of the same person
making either a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half
or the lower half of the person's face. The researchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human
facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person's face on images totally different from the ones used
in training. The researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it
with their noses more often than one would expect by random chance.
The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training
to new faces in the testing stage. "We can rule out that the doge simply distinguish between the pictures based on a
simple cue, such as the sight of teeth," said study author Corsin Muller. "Instead, our results suggest that the
successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies
to an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes.”
"With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish
human facial expressions," Muller told Line Science.At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different
facial expressions in humans. "To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their
living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions," and this exposure
has provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them, Muller said.
28. The new study focused on whether dogs can_________.
A. distinguish shapes B. make sense of human faces
C. feel happy or angry D. communicate with each other
29. What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2?
A. Researchers tested the dogs in random order.
B. Diverse methods were adopted during training.
C. Pictures used in the two stages were different
D. The dogs were photographed before the lest.
30. What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. A suggestion for future studies. B. A possible reason for the study findings.
C. A major limitation of the study D. An explanation of the research method.
答案与解析：
28.B 主旨大意题。根据短文首段的第二句“Dogs may inxdeed be able to distinguish betweenhappy and
angry human faces, according to a new study”可知，一项新的研究表明,狗可能真地可以辨别人的表情是
高兴还是愤怒，紧接着后文又详细介绍了研究过程和结论，即狗能够识别人的表情，且倒数第二段的
“With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at leastsome dogs can distinguish human
faciall expressions”一句明确给出了结论。故选B项。
29.C 细节理解。根据第二段中的“Theresearchers then tested the dogs"ability to distinguish between
human facial expressions byshowing them the other half of the person 's face or images totally different
from the ones used intraining”可知，研究者给狗展示了与以往训练完全不同的人脸(或图片)的另一部分。
故选C项。
30.B 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“...why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize
different facialexpressions in hurmans”可知最后一段解释了为什么看起来狗具备识别人类表情的能力，也
就是为什么会有这样的实验研究结论。故选B项。
2.【2021年全国甲卷】Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino
calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the
reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for
being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome
another calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is
a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon
as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the
calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port
Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and
great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the
rhinos a “critically endangered” status.
4. Which of the following best describes the breeding programme?
A. Costly. B. Controversial. C. Ambitious. D. Successful.
5. What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino?
A. She loves staying with her mother. B. She dislikes outdoor activities.
C. She is in good condition D. She is sensitive to heat.
6. What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have?
A. They had their first born in January. B. They enjoyed exploring new places
C. They lived with their grandmothers. D. They were brought to the reserve young
7. What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?
A. The rhino section will be open to the public.
B. It aims to control the number of the animals.
C. It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.
D. Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在Port Lympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状。
【4题详解】推理判断题。通过文章第一段“she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve (她成为该保护区出生
的第40头黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the
reserve and still live there. (他的母亲、祖母和曾祖母都出生在保护区，至今仍住在那里)”可知，保护区的繁
育计划使很多黑犀牛成功存活，可推知，这计划是成功的。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章第二段“She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. (她很健康，很强壮，
已经渴望玩耍和探索了)”可知，Paul Beer认为新生的犀牛身体状况很好。故选C项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章第一段“When the tinv creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to
be born at the reserve. (1月31日，当这头小犀牛来到保护区时，她成为了第40头在保护区出生的黑犀牛)”以
及文章倒数第二段“The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and
weighed about 32kg. (1 月 5 日，犀牛妈妈 Kisima 分娩的第一头小犀牛，同时也是第一个出生在 Port
Lympne，体重约为32公斤)”可知，Solio和Kisima的第一个孩子都是在一月份出生的。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to
protected areas of the wild (要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过早)”可推知，
Pon Lympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D项。
3.【2021年全国乙卷】
The Biggest Stadiums in the World
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. In around 80 A.D., the Romans built
the Colosseum, which remains the world’s best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design. Rome’s
Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people. However, that was small fry compared with
the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.
These days, safety regulations-not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and comfortable
seat—tend to keep stadium capacities（容量） slightly lower. Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are
the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks
them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
All these stadiums are still functional , still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
·Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang D.P.R. Korea. Capacity: 150,000. Opened: May 1,1989.·Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U. S. Capacity: 107,601. Opened: October 1, 1927.
·Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, U. S. Capacity: 106,572. Opened: September 17, 1960.
·Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U. S. Capacity: 104,944. Opened: October 7,1922.
·Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, U. S. Capacity: 102,512. Opened: September 24, 1927.
21. How many people could the Circus Maximus hold?
A. 104,944. B. 107,601. C. About 150,000. D. About 250,000.
22. Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest?
A. Michigan Stadium. B. Beaver Stadium. C. Ohio Stadium. D. Kyle Field.
23. What do the listed stadiums have in common?
A. They host big games. B. They have become tourist attractions.
C. They were built by Americans. D. They are favored by architects.
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上著名的大型竞技场的基本情况。目前这些竞技场仍在运
行并且还在承办大型体育赛事。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which
accommodated around 250,000 people.” (然而，与这座城市容纳了25万人的大竞技场相比，这只是小巫见大
巫。)可知，Circus Maximus的可以容纳250,000人。故选D项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后部分中的“Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U.S. Capacity: 104,944. Opened October
7, 1922.” (美国俄亥俄州哥伦布市俄亥俄体育场，容纳人数：104,944人。1922年10月7日开业。)及其他
四个著名竞技场的开放时间介绍可知，Ohio Stadium开放时间最早在1922年，属于年代最久远的。故选C
项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中“All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in
world sport.” (所有这些体育场馆仍在使用，仍在开放，仍在举办世界上最大的体育赛事。)可知，这些体育
馆都还在承办大型的体育赛事。故选A项。
4.【2021年全国乙卷】
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for alandline（座机）?
These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile
phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls
anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only
on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede
that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a
further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor
（因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby
Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do
with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather
than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our
home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we
pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.
How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk
deliveries?
24. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?
A. Their target users. B. Their wide popularity.
C. Their major functions. D. Their complex design.
25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit. B. Argue.
C. Remember. D. Remark.
26. What can we say about Baby Boomers?
A. They like smartphone games. B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phones. D. They are attached to their family.
27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?
A. It remains a family necessity.
B. It will fall out of use some day.
C. It may increase daily expenses.D. It is as important as the gas light.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定电话是非必
需品的观点。
【24题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15
who doesn't own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can
make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. (现在你很难在澳大利亚找到15岁以上的没有手机的人。事实上，
很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手机。几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话)”可推知，本段主要说明手
机在澳大利亚广受欢迎。故选B项。
【25题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“Of those Australians who still have a landline (在那些仍然有固定电话的澳
大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“it's not really
necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent
keep it in case of emergencies (固定电话并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表示他们从
未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥
有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固定电话的
非必要性。由此推知，划线单词“concede”意为“承认”。故选A项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for 50
years.(婴儿潮时代中有84%的人可能已经有50年相同的家庭号码了)”以及文章第五段“That said, to be honest
the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents (也就是说，老实说，唯一打过我
们家电话的人是婴儿潮一代的父母)”可推知，婴儿潮时代的人一直用固定电话。故选C项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas
street lamps and morning milk deliveries? (你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早晨送牛
奶的道路？)”可推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧面说明
了固定电话总有一天会废弃的。故选B项。5.【2021年全国乙卷】
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems
every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know
that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to
single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves,
frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture
made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of plastic
,
pollution but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of
their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came
from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to
disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s
worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers
collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped（倾
倒） from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
28. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for?
A. Beautifying the city he lives in. B. Introducing eco-friendly products.
C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D. Reducing garbage on the beach.
29. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art.
D. To find a substitute for them.
30. What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers?
A. Calming. B. Disturbing.
C. Refreshing. D. Challenging.
31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Artists’ Opinions on Plastic SafetyB. Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. C 31. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了艺术家Benjamin Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作了一个巨大的雕塑作品
让人们通过这个雕塑重新审视自己与一次性塑料制品的关系。此外他在2018的一件作品“Truckload of
Plastic”说明了每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。Von Wong通过用塑料垃圾制造巨型雕塑来唤醒和提高
人们的环保意识。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong
wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine
their relationship to single-use plastic products.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗？艺术家本杰
明·冯·王（Benjamin Von Wong）想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新
审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”可知，Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作的雕塑想让人们重新审视与一次性
塑料制品的关系，由此可知他做这个雕塑的目的是为了引起公众对塑料垃圾的关注。故选C项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest
source(来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink
with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s
artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will
take centuries to disappear.(全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收。塑料吸管绝不是最大的塑料污染源，但它们最近
却受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要吸管喝饮料，而且由于它们体积小、重量轻，无法回收利用。冯·王作
品中的每一根吸管都很可能来自只喝了几分钟的饮料。一旦饮料消失了，吸管也要几个世纪才能消失。)”
可知，吸管由于体积小，重量轻，无法回收利用，由此可推知，作者在第三段讨论吸管是为了展示它们回
收的困难。故选A项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In a piece form 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic:
Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von
Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to looklike they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.(在2018年的一个作品中，冯·王(Von Wong)想要说明一
个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，冯·王和一组
志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)”可知，
这个作品以创新的方式让人们了解到塑料垃圾以很快的速度和很大的量倾入海洋，刷新了观众对海洋塑料
污染的认知，由此可推断，这个作品会让观众对塑料垃圾进入海洋这件事“耳目一新”。故选C项。
【31题详解】
标题判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin
Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-
examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗？艺
术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Von Wong)想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众
重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”和倒数第二段“In a piece form 2018, Von Wong wanted to
illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work,
titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which
were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.(在2018年的
一个作品中，冯·王(Von Wong)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名
为“一卡车塑料”的作品，冯·王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来
像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)”可知艺术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Von Wong)通过利用塑料垃圾制作巨型
雕塑的方法来提示人们重新思考与一次性塑料的关系，唤醒和提高人们循环利用的意识，促进环保的发展。
由此可知，D项“海洋塑料变成雕塑”符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选D项。
6.【2021年全国乙卷】
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by
the level of distraction（干扰）in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space
across the street — so I can focus”. His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use
an open office layout（布局）. But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking.
They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total
silence to 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were
statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noisesimilar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were
small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels
of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background
noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of
background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander,
without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on
creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves
from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-
to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a
certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
.
32 Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?
A. It helps him concentrate. B. It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere. D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.
33. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?
A. Total silence. B. 50 decibels C. 70 decibels. D. 8 5 decibels.
34. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?
A. Personal privacy unprotected. B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion. D. Constant interruptions.
35. What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. He’s a news reporter.
B. He’s an office manager.
C. He’s a professional designer.
D. He’s a published writer.
【答案】32. A 33. C 34. D 35. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者通过自身经历讲述人们为什么不喜欢开放性办公室以及有关多少分贝的噪
音最有利于人们的创造性思维的研究。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street - so I canfocus.（这就是为什么我在街对面的公用办公空间有会员资格——这样我就可以集中精力了。）”可知，采
访者喜欢共享办公空间的原因是那里可以帮助他集中精力。故选A项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however,
the participants in the 70 decibels group - those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee
shop - significantly outperformed the other groups.（大多数组之间的差异在统计学上是不显著的；然而，音量
为70分贝的那组参与者（置身于类似于咖啡店背景噪音的环境中）的表现明显好于其他组。）”和第三段
“But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background
noise - not too loud and not total silence - may actually improve one's creative thinking ability.（但由于70分贝的
结果很显著，该研究还表明，适当的背景噪音——不要太大声，也不要完全安静——实际上可能会提高一
个人的创造性思维能力。）”可知，70分贝的那组参与者表现好于其他组，所以70分贝的噪音背景环境
更有可能促进创造性思维能力。故选C项。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our
offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others' conversations while we're trying to focus. Indeed, the
researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking
space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.（那么，
为什么我们中有那么多人讨厌开放式办公室呢？问题可能是，在我们的办公室里，当我们试图集中注意力
时，我们无法阻止自己卷入别人的谈话中。的确，研究人员发现，面对面的互动和对话会影响创作过程，
然而，共同工作空间或咖啡馆在提供一定程度的噪音的同时，也提供不受干扰的自由。）”可知，开放式
办公室不受人们欢迎的原因是让我们不断地卷入别人的谈话中，受到很多干扰。故选D 项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think
about often.（在一次采访我的一本书时，我的采访者说了一些我至今还经常想起的话。）”可知，作者提
到有人采访自己的书，所以可以推断，作者是一位作家。故选D项。
7.【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ】
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an
astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.
Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of
these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overlyambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,
greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took
firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under
this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The
very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa,
who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey.
Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase
wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land
,
will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934 better than half a billion dollars has gone
into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has
been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?
A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire. B. Export.
C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D 31. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的
急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，
而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。
【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing
populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.”可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，极大
地减少了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下降，故选A。
【29题详解】
词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.”可知，
北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了
转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了
这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A. Acquire获得；B. Export出口；C. Destroy破坏；D. Distribute
分配。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase
more than 5 million acres of habitat.”可知，自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购买了超过500
万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选D。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只
有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故可
知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。
8.【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ】
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intellingence. Many
people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be
measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.”
Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond
skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad
purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to
help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not
necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support,
the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of thispopularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in
promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers
re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will
excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances
in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional
intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test. B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills. D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant.
C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
【答案】32. D 33. B 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章第一段“Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities (
研究表明，情商技巧可能有助于这些品质的形成)”可知，情商指的并不是一个人的积极品质。故选D项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章第二段“The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a
doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. (医生可能利
用这种准确理解他人感受的能力来找到最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能利用这种能力来控制潜在的受
害者)”可推知，作者在文章第二段中提到“医生”和“骗子”是举例子来阐明下文的观点——情商高并不
一定能使一个人成为有道德的人。故选B项。【34题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章第三段“the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. …The
popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers (宣传的总体效果一直是利大
于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行了新的、迫切
需要的强调。情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员)”可推知，作者认为情商普及是对人们有利的。故选A项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and
scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives
from which to study how people manage their lives. (我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学和学术研究的更
大兴趣。我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角)”可推
知，本段主要谈了对未来关于情商研究的期望。故选B项。
9.【2021年1月浙江卷】
At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life
today. His predictions about slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to the
mark. But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.
Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2,000 steps short of the physical activity they need to
avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it was as low
as 15 per cent.
The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families are pressed for time, many with both parents
working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods
with limited public transport.
The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities
(机会) for children to get to know their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk and
talk with their young scholar about their day.
Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their day, only to meet with a “good”, quickly followed by
“I’m hungry”. This is also my experience as a mother. But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son’s day
comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity
to hear more.
Many primary schools support walking school-bus routes (路线), with days of regular, parent-accompanied
walks. Doing just one of these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin and takes a littleplanning — running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night before, umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot
ones — but it’s certainly worth trying.
24. Why does the author mention Watkins’ predictions in the first paragraph?
A. To make comparisons. B. To introduce the topic.
C. To support her argument. D. To provide examples.
25. What has caused the decrease in Australian children’s physical activity?
A. Plain laziness. B. Health problems.
C. Lack of time. D. Security concerns.
26. Why does the author find walking with her son worthwhile?
A. She can get relaxed after work.
B. She can keep physically fit.
C. She can help with her son’s study.
D. She can know her son better.
答案与解析
24. B 推理判断题 根据第一段最后一句But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk
10 miles a day.和第二段可知，作者通过这个美国人的预言，引出如今青少年缺乏锻炼导致过度肥胖这个
主题。
25. C 事实细节题 根据第三段 Families are pressed for time ... living in car-dependent neighborhoods
with limited public transport.可知，父母因生活压力忙于工作，缺乏时间，导致青少年锻炼不够。题干中的
decrease和文中第三段的decline是同义转述，答案lack of time和文中第三段的are pressed for time是同义
转述。
26. D 事实细节题 根据倒数第二段 But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son’s day comes
out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental
opportunity to hear more.可知，作者在陪伴儿子散步时得知了他对友谊的理解等内心想法，让作者对儿子
有了进一步的了解。
10.【2021年1月浙江卷】
Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use to communicate.
They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a “vocabulary” of 66 gestures. Thescientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000
incidents of these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to
be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they
deliberately sent a message to another group member.
“That’s what’s so amazing about chimp gestures,” she said. “They’re the only thing that looks like human
language in that respect.”
Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from
another animal’s call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was a
significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said.
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one
case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signalling: “Climb on me.” The youngster immediately jumps
on to its mother’s back and they travel off together. “The big message from this study is that there is another species
(物种) out there that is meaningful in its communication, so that’s not unique to humans,” said Dr Hobaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was
praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results
were “a little disappointing”.
“The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are
still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions,” she said. “Moreover, the meanings
seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains.”
27. What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter?
A. Memorizing specific words.
B. Understanding complex information.
C. Using voices to communicate.
D. Communicating messages on purpose.
28. What did Dr Shultz think of the study?
A. It was well designed but poorly conducted.
B. It was a good try but the findings were limited.
C. It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D. It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.
29. What does the underlined word “gulf” in the last paragraph mean?A. Difference. B. Conflict.
C. Balance. D. Connection.
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough
B. Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills
C. Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom
D. Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated
答案与解析
27. D 事实细节题 根据人名 Dr Hobaiter定位到文章第二段，再根据Only humans and chimps, she said, had
a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.可知，Dr Hobaiter认
为黑猩猩和人类的相似之处是有目的地传递信息。
28. B 事实细节题 根据人名Dr Shultz定位到文章第六段，再根据... said the study was praiseworthy in seeking
to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were “a little
disappointing”. 可知，Dr Shultz认为这项研究值得称赞，但研究成果有限。
29. A 词义猜测题 根据Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-
verbal communication. 可知，黑猩猩手势传递的信息的意义，并没有超出其他动物通过非语言方式传达的含
义，因此和人类的语言交流方式还是存在差异。gulf在此意为“差异”。
30. D 主旨大意题 文章第一句即点明主旨，研究人员表明，他们已经破译出野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势
的含义。
11.【2020年全国卷Ⅰ】
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome
familiarity — but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But
books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s
true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now
and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull
their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually. The first, which I take to reading every spring, is Ernest
Hemingway’s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost
intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is AnnieDillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio
Cortazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I
attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the
highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember,
it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
24. Why does the author like rereading?
A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B. It’s a window to a whole new world.
C. It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D. It extends the understanding of oneself.
25. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast?
A. It’s a brief account of a trip.
B. It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.
C. It’s a record of a historic event.
D. It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
26. What does the underlined word ＂currency＂ in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Debt. B. Reward. C. Allowance. D. Face value.
27. What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. He loves poetry. B. He’s an editor. C. He’s very ambitious. D. He teaches reading.
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. B 27. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者鼓
励读者去重新阅读书籍。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of
rereading so rich and transformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”
和第二段“The beauty of rereading lies in that our bond with the work is based on our present register. It is true, the
older I get, the more I feel time has wings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理
状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对
自己的理解。故选D项。【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.”及“an aging writer
looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time”可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴
黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出A Movable Feast是关
于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。
【26题详解】
词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必
要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereading an author’s work is the highest
currency a reader can pay them.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出
划线词的意思是“回报”。故选B项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The third book is Julio Cortázar’s Save Twilight: selected poems, because
poetry.(第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精选》，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌
而喜欢这本书。故选A项。
12.【2020年全国卷Ⅰ】
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer
injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-
kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race
walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact(接触) with the ground at
all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an
assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers
moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice
as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more
calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her
research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do
not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among
race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a
history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking
should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some
practice.
28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?
A. They must run long distances.
B. They are qualified for the marathon.
C. They have to follow special rules.
D. They are good at swinging their legs.
29. What advantage does race walking have over running?
A. It’s more popular at the Olympics.
B. It’s less challenging physically.
C. It’s more effective in body building.
D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.
30 What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?
A. Getting experts’ opinions. B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced coach. D. Doing regular exercises.
31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?
A. Skeptical. B. Objective. C. Tolerant. D. Conservative.
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. A 31. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运动
要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most
of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times.”可知，但这项运动的规则要求竞走
者的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某
些条件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选C项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such asrunner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.”可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞
走者中并不常见。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D项。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段Dr. Norberg说的话“In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably
first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique(事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨
询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。)”可知，Dr. Norberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建
议。故选A项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while
most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.”可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步
一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态
度是客观的。故选B项。
13.【2020年全国卷Ⅰ】
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have
found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the
city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces
were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT）have taken it a step further — changing
the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants
that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful
chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things
that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow（发光）in experiments using some common vegetables.
Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth
of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the
rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.
In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a
one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off ＂switch＂wherethe glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed
from the power source（电源）— such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway — a lot
of energy is lost during transmission（传输）. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save
energy.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. A new study of different plants. B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Employees from various workplaces. D. Benefits from green plants.
33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers?
A. To detect plants’ lack of water. B. To change compositions of plants.
C. To make the life of plants longer. D. To test chemicals in plants.
34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?
A. They will speed up energy production. B. They may transmit electricity to the home.
C. They might help reduce energy consumption. D. They could take the place of power plants.
35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Can we grow more glowing plants? B. How do we live with glowing plants?
C. Could glowing plants replace lamps? D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?
【答案】32. D 33. A 34. C 35. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种
发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能
取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。
【32题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中 A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example ,discovered that greener
areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their
workplaces were decorated with houseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较
好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高
15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中These include plants that have sensors printed on their leaves to show when they're
short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院
工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。故选A。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可
知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由此可知，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少
能源消耗。故选C。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段中 Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total electricity consumed in the US.
Since lighting is often far removed from the power source-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on
a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore
help save energy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路
灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章
主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们
发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的
作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。
14.【2020年全国卷Ⅱ】
Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help
children with math-related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of
Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play
was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education
and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found
children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months
of age.
“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their
ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the
study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles morefrequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play
with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active
during puzzle play than parents of girls.
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
24. In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?
A. Building confidence. B. Developing spatial skills.
C. Learning self-control. D. Gaining high-tech knowledge.
25.What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment？
A. Parents’ age. B. Children’s imagination.
C. Parents’ education. D. Child-parent relationship.
26. How do boy differ from girls in puzzle play?
A. They play with puzzles more often.
B. They tend to talk less during the game.
C. They prefer to use more spatial language.
D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.
27. What is the text mainly about?
A. A mathematical method. B. A scientific study.
C. A woman psychologist D. A teaching program.
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. D 27. B
【解析】
本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中…found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 develop better
spatial skill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展
更好的空间技能。B. Developing spatial skills(发展空间能力)符合以上说法，故选B项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition after controlling
for difference in parents' income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.( Levine说，在控制了不同
父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。C. Parents' education.(父母的教育)符合以上说法，故
选C项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls,可知
男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。D. They are likely to play with tougher
puzzles.(他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以上说法，故选D项。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以
是关于科学研究的。B. A scientific study(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。
15.【2020年全国卷Ⅱ】
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably
didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装）enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for
fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have（showcased）nutria fur made into clothes in
different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast
wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up
in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there
can’t handle this non-native species（物种）.It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us." says Michael
Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the
cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince
people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so
part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，“To give people a guilt-free option thatthey can wear without someone throwing paint on them—1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in
New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria
fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria fashions to show it
is eco-friendly.
28. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?
A. To promote guilt-free fur.
B. To expand the fashion market.
C. To introduce a new brand.
D. To celebrate a winter holiday.
29. Why are scientists concerned about nutria?
A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B. Nutria are an endangered species.
C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.
D. Nutria are illegally hunted.
30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Boomed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.
31. What can we infer abouf wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A. It’s formal. B. It’s risky. C. It’s harmful. D. It’s traditional.
【答案】28. A 29. A 30. D 31. B
【解析】
本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海
狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡
表示了担忧。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur
made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria
are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.得知，美国新奥尔
良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监 Cree
McCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以判断出
由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段 Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a
tail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们
担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选A。
【30题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第五段 The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria
collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. 得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年
的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据 but判断，这
是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不
再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed 是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt –free option that they can wear
without someone throwing paint on them-I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least in New York. ” 得知，
为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根
据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。
16.【2020年全国卷Ⅲ】
We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look
deeper into our genes(基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People
in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern
Europe have gained a mutation(突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation — not to
air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The
Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines.
They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they’ve also built houses on stilts(支柱) in coastal
waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land," said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who
studies the Bajau.Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as
divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. "We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than
us local islanders," Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea."
In201, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the
Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the
task easier for them. “It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population," said Dr. Ilardo.
She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.
32. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers. B. New knowledge of human evolution.
C. Recent findings of human origin. D. Significance of food selection.
33. Where do the Bajau build their houses?
A. In valleys. B. Near rivers. C. On the beach. D. Off the coast.
34. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?
A. They could walk on stilts all day. B. They had a superb way of fishing.
C. They could stay long underwater. D. They lived on both land and water.
35. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea B. Highlanders’ Survival Skills
C. Basic Methods of Genetic Research D. The World’s Best Divers
【答案】32. B 33. D 34. C 35. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。最近一项对人类基因的研究发现，人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，而且最近
几千年也有。Bajau人因为靠海为生，他们的身体已经进化成更能适应海洋生活。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的we are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of
years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes, they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few
thousand years.(我们是进化的产物，而且不仅仅是数十亿年前的产物。当科学家更深入的研究我们的基因时
他们发现了人类在过去几千年进化的例子)可知，作者列举第一段的例子是为了告诉我们关于人类进化的一
个新信息，那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化。B. New knowledge of human evolution.(人类进化的新知识)符
合以上说法，故选B项。【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的 The Bajau, as these people are known, number in hundreds of thousands in
Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally live on houseboats; in recent times, they've also built
houses on stilts in coastal waters.(这些人被称为Bajau，在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾有数十万人。他们
一直住在船屋上；最近他们也把房子建在沿海水域的吊脚楼上)可知，Bajau把房子建在沿海区域。D. Off
the coast.(沿海)符合以上说法，故选D项。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的 we were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local
islanders.(我们很惊讶，他们在水下待的时间比我们当地的岛民要长的多)可知，让Jubilado感到吃惊的是
Bajau人能在水下待更长的时间。C. They could stay long underwater. (他们能在水下待很长时间)符合以上说
法，故选C项。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第二段的 On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team
of researchers reported a new kind of adaption-not to air or to food, but to the ocean.(周四，在《细胞》杂志上发
表的一篇文章中，一群研究人员报道了一种新的适应——不是空气也不是食物，而是海洋)可知，本文主要
讲述了一种新的进化，即长期生活在海边，靠海为生的生活方式，让Bajau人的身体进化成更适应海洋生
活。A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea.(身体为适应海洋生活而重塑)可以作为本文标题，故选A项。
17.【2020年新高考卷Ⅰ】
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our
eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating
with heavier people who order large portions（份）, it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95
undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly（表面上）participate in a study about movie
viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers
grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially
designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking
more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case,
she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more
candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow
participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the
influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating
habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
12. What is the recent study mainly about? （ ）
A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership.
C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior.
13. What does the underlined word "beanpoles" in paragraph 1 refer to? （ ）
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons.
C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.
14. Why did the researchers hire the actor? （ ）
A. To see how she would affect the participants.
B. To test if the participants could recognize her.
C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D. To study why she could keep her weight down.
15. On what basis do we "adjust the influence" according to the last paragraph? （ ）
A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be.
C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food.
【答案】12. D 13. D 14. A 15. C
【解析】
本文是说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。文章详
述了这个实验的过程。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size
and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake”可知，根据消费者研究杂志最近
的一项研究，我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这项研究是关于饮食行
为的。故选D。【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据前半句“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people
who order large portions（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃
饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the beanpoles with big appetites。由contrary to可推断出，画线词和
heavier people（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier people正好相反。故
选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two
experiments”可知， 为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三段的
内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。 然而
当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与
者。故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit because I
see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim,
why can’t I? ”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如
果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？ 因此推断我们是根据我们
对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C。
18.【2020年7月浙江卷】
I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing
my enthusiasm for the theater with others. To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I
think best show the power and purpose of the short play.
Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright（剧作家）hopes to get across through dialogue and
action. A few characters are used to create a single impression growing out of the theme. It is not my intention to
point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection, for that would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of
reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright. However, a variety of
types is represented here. These include comedy, satire, poignant drama, historical and regional drama. To show the
versatility（多面性）of the short play, I have included a guidance play, a radio play and a television play.
Among the writers of the plays in this collection, Paul Green, Susan Glaspell, Maxwell Anderson, Thornton
Wilder, William Saroyan, and Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes for their contributions to thetheater. More information about the playwrights will be found at the end of this book.
To get the most out of reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage, with you, the reader, in the audience.
The houselights dim（变暗）. The curtains are about to open, and in a few minutes the action and dialogue will tell
you the story.
21. What do we know about the author from the first paragraph?
A. He has written dozens of plays. B. He has a deep love for the theater.
C. He is a professional stage actor. D. He likes reading short plays to others.
22. What does the author avoid doing in his work?
A. Stating the plays’ central ideas. B. Selecting works by famous playwrights.
C. Including various types of plays. D. Offering information on the playwrights.
23. What does the author suggest readers do while reading the plays?
A. Control their feelings. B. Apply their acting skills.
C. Use their imagination. D. Keep their audience in mind.
24. What is this text?
A. A short story. B. An introduction to a book.
C. A play review. D. An advertisement for a theater.
【语篇导航】
【答案详解】
21. B 细节理解题
【解题思路】根据第一段第一句“I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing
this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others.”可知，作者不仅是一个戏剧的读者，还
是一个戏剧爱好者，他写这本书的目的就是更广大读者分享自己对戏剧的热爱。文中并未提及作者是剧作
家或者是演员或者是作者喜欢跟大家读剧本这件事，A、C、D项排除；故选B。
22. A 细节理解题
【解题思路】根据第二段第三句“It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this
collection, for that would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays and the
effectiveness of the playwright.”可知，作者并未打算将每本剧本的中心思想罗列在书中。故选A。
23. C 细节理解题
【解题思路】根据最后一段第一句“To get the most out of reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage,
with you, the reader, in the audience.”可知，作者给读者在阅读这本书时提出的建议就是尝试身临其境，在脑
海中想象一下戏剧正在上演的场景。故选C。24. B 推理判断题
【解题思路】本文第一段讲述了作者的写作目的，第二段讲述了做这些这本书的手法、方法，第三段讲述
了作者这部作品的内容，最后一段作者给读者提出了读书时的建议，因此本文在介绍一本书。故选B。
19.【2020年7月浙江卷】
The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don’ t flash the same length of
green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. At 9：30 am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140
seconds. By 9：33 am, a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9：37 am could
push it down to 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.
That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-growing city, just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity
around the US：intersection（十字路口） signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions. These lights,
known as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and
home.
“Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed,” says Alex
Stevanovic, a researcher at Florida Atlantic University.
For all of Bellevue’s success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways. Kevin Balke, a research
engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly
beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will
make a meaningful difference. “It’s not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller
cities,” he says.
In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches. In the
past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the Bellevue
Transportation Department’s traffic engineering manager. Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their
streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.
25. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Increased length of green lights. B. Shortened traffic signal cycle.
C. Flexible timing of traffic signals. D. Smooth traffic flow on the road.
26. What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals?
A. They work better on broad roads.
B. They should be used in other cities.C. They have greatly reduced traffic on the road.
D. They are less helpful in cities seriously jammed.
27. What can we learn from Bellevue’ s success?
A. It is rewarding to try new things. B. The old methods still work today.
C. It pays to put theory into practice. D. The simplest way is the best way.
【答案详解】
25. C 推理判断题
【解题思路】根据第二段第一句，即划线词所在句“That is by design”可知，that指代的事情是有意设计的
因此定位到第一段“Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.”即信号灯变化的时间是可以
灵活改变的，精心设计的。故选C。
26. D 细节理解题
【解题思路】根据第四段第二、三句“Kevin Balke, a research engineer at the Texas A&M University
Transportation Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities, others are so
jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference. “It’s not
going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller cities,” he says.”可知，智能信号灯只
在部分城市（小型城市）解决交通堵塞问题中有效果，对于交通堵塞情况严重的城市没什么作用。故选
D。
27. A 推理判断题
【解题思路】最后一段“In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming
new approaches.”可知，能学到的经验教训就是积极采纳（welcome）新的方法解决问题是很有价值的。故
选A。
20.【2020年7月浙江卷】
Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your
brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.
Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were
over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight
years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.
Those who had held mentally stimulating（刺激）, demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on
the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive（认知）function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentallychallenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status.
“This works just like physical exercise,” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run, you may
feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work — sure, you will feel
tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy. ”
It’s not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiter’ s
job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any
high-level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating（协调）,”
she says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries.”
Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons — including other environmental
influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only
help.
28. Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests?
A. To assess their health status. B. To evaluate their work habits.
C. To analyze their personality. D. To measure their mental ability.
29. How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?
A. By using an expert’s words. B. By making a comparison.
C. By referring to another study. D. By introducing a concept.
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Retired Workers Can Pick Up New Skills
B. Old People Should Take Challenging Jobs
C. Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp
D. Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age
【答案详解】
28. D 细节理解题
【解题思路】根据第三段第一句“Those who had held mentally stimulating, demanding jobs before retirement
tended to do the best on the tests.”可知，科学家们做这项实验的目的是研究人们的心理，而不是身体健康状况
工作习惯以及人格个性。故选D。
29. B 细节理解题
【解题思路】根据第四段第一句“This works just like physical exercise”可知，Then是通过比较体育运动来解
释她的发现。故选B。
30. C 主旨大意题【解题思路】根据第一段第一句“Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking，planning and other
managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age”以及最后一段最后一句“Still, continuing to
challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help.”可知，具有挑战性的工作能帮助我们保
持大脑健康，这也是贯穿全文的主旨句。文章通过阐释实验研究、引用权威话语等方式都是围绕“有难度
的工作能保持大脑敏锐”展开的。故选C。
21.【2020年1月浙江卷】
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is road testing a new way to keep winter roads ice-free — by spreading on them
cheese brine, the salty liquid used to make soft cheeses, like mozzarella.
Wisconsin, also called “America’s Dairyland,” is famous for its cheese. The state produced 2.8 billion pounds
of cheese last year! As a result, there was a lot of leftover cheese brine. Disposing of (处置) the brine can be
expensive. So what should cheese makers do with the waste?
Normally, towns use rock salt to de-ice streets. The salt lowers water’s freezing point, causing ice to melt (融
化). But using cheese brine could help both cheese producers and cities save money, while keeping roads safe.
Cheese brine has salt in it, which, like the rock salt, helps lower water’s freezing point.
In addition to saving money, cheese brine could also be a more eco-friendly option. Many people suspect that
all the rock salt used every winter is harming the environment.
Rock salt is made of sodium chloride, the same compound (化合物) in ordinary table salt. Sounds harmless,
right? But while you probably add only a small amount of salt to your food, road crews spread about 20 million tons
of salt on U.S. roads every year!
The chemical washes off roads and goes into the ground. There it can pollute drinking water, harm plants, and
eat away soil. By spreading cheese brine on streets before adding a layer of rock salt, Milwaukee may be able to cut
its rock salt use by 30 percent.
Cheese brine has a downside too — a smell similar to that of bad milk. “I don’t really mind it,” Emil Norby
told Modern Farmer magazine. He works for one of Wisconsin’s county highway commissions and came up with
the idea of using cheese brine. “Our roads smell like Wisconsin!” he said.
24. Why can cheese brine help keep winter roads ice-free?
A. It is soft. B. It contains salt.
C. It is warm. D. It has milk in it.
25. What is a benefit of using cheese brine on roads?A. Improving air quality. B. Increasing sales of rock salt.
C. Reducing water pollution. D. Saving the cheese industry.
26. Milwaukee’s new way to de-ice streets may be an example of ______.
A. barking up the wrong tree B. putting the cart before the horse
C. robbing Peter to pay Paul D. killing two birds with one stone
答案与解析
24. B 事实细节题 根据第三段Normally, towns use rock salt to de-ice streets ... Cheese brine has salt in it 可知，
奶酪盐水含有盐，可以化冰。
25. C 推理判断题 根据第四段cheese brine could also be a more eco-friendly option 及第六段it can pollute
drinking water可知，用岩盐化冰看似无污染，实际却污染饮用水，而奶酪盐水更环保，可减少水污染。
26. D 推理判断题 根据第二段As a result, there was a lot of leftover cheese brine及第四段In addition to saving
money, cheese brine could also be a more eco-friendly option. 可知威斯康星州有很多剩余的奶酪盐水，Emil
Norby想出了用这些剩余的奶酪盐水来给道路除冰的主意，既解决了剩余的奶酪盐水问题，节约开支，
同时也环保，可谓一举两得。
22.【2020年北京卷】
Baggy has become the first dog in the UK—and potentially the world—to join the fight against air pollution by
recording pollutant levels near the ground.
Baggy wears a pollution monitor on her collar so she can take data measurements close to the ground. Her
monitor has shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to ground level, which has helped highlight concerns
that babies and young kids may be at higher risk of developing lung problems.
Conventional air pollution monitors are normally fixed on lampposts at about nine feet in the air.
However, since Baggy stands at about the same height as a child in a pushchair（婴儿车）, she
frequently records pollution levels which are much higher than the data gathered by the Environment A
gency.
The doggy data research was the idea of Baggy's 13-vea-old owner Tom Hunt and his dad Matt. The Englishyoungster noticed that pollution levels are around two-thirds higher close to the ground than they are in the air at the
height where they are recorded by the agency. Tom has since reported the shocking findings to the government in
an attempt to emphasise that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma（哮喘）.
Matt Hunt said he was "very proud" of his son because “when the boy gets an idea, he keeps his
head down and gets on with it, and he really does want to do some good and stop young kids from
getting asthma."
“Tom built up a passion for environmental protection at a very early age," Matt added. “He became
very interested in gadgets（小装置）. A bout one year ago, he got this new piece of tech which is like
a test tube. One Sunday afternoon, we went out to do some monitoring, and he said, why don't we put it
on Baggy's collar and let her monitor the pollution？'So we did it."
Tom said, "Most of the time, Baggy is just like any other dog. But for the rest of the time she is a super dog, and
we are all really proud of her."
34. With a monitor on her collar, Baggy can ____________.（ ）
A. take pollutant readings B. record pollutant levels
C. process collected data D. reduce air pollution
35. What can we learn from the Baggy data? （ ）
A. High places are free of air pollution. B. Higher pushchairs are more risky for kids.
C. Conventional monitors are more reliable. D. Air is more polluted closer to the ground.
36. What is Tom's purpose of doing the research? （ ）
A. To wan of a health risk. B. To find out pollution sources.
C. To test his new monitor. D. To prove Baggy's abilities.
37. According to the passage, which word can best describe Tom Hunt?（ ）
A. Modest. B. Generous. C. Creative. D. Outgoing.
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了13岁的孩子Tom Hunt和他的爸爸通过在自己的宠物狗的脖子上戴污染监
测器来记录地面附近的污染物水平；监测仪显示，接近地面的空气污染水平更高，这有助于强调婴儿和幼
儿可能面临更高风险发展肺部问题的担忧。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。本题题干意为：她的衣领上戴着监视器，Baggy 可以…。根据文章第二段 Baggy wears a
pollution monitor on her collar so she can take data measurements close to the ground. Baggy在她的衣领
上戴着污染监测器，这样她就可以在接近地面的地方进行数据测量。可知戴着污染监测器可以记录污染物
的水平。故答案为B项。【35题详解】
推理判断题。本题题干意为：我们从Baggy收集到数据中可以了解到什么？根据文章第二段 Her monitor
has shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to ground level, which has helped highlight concerns
that babies and young kids may be at higher risk of developing lung problems.她的监测仪显示，接近地
面的空气污染水平更高，这有助于突显婴儿和幼童罹患肺部疾病的风险更高的担忧。可知接近地面的空气
污染水平更高。故答案为D项。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。本题题干意为：进行这项研究Tom的意图是？根据文章第四段Tom has since reported the
shocking findings to the government in an attempt to emphasize that babies are at higher risk of
developing asthma（哮喘）.汤姆已经令人震惊的发现报告给政府,试图强调,婴儿患哮喘的风险更高。可知
Tom研究的目的是对健康风险提出警告。故答案为A项。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。本题题干意为：根据文章，哪个词最能描述汤姆·亨特?根据文章倒数第二段“Tom built up a
passion for environmental protection at a very early age," Matt added. “He became very interested in
gadgets（小装置）.About one year ago, he got this new piece of tech which is like a test tube. One
Sunday afternoon, we went out to do some monitoring, and he said, why don't we put it on Baggy's
collar and let her monitor the pollution？'So we did it."汤姆在很小的时候就对环境保护产生了热情，马特
补充说。他非常感兴趣的产品(小装置)。大约一年前，他得到了一个类似试管的新技术。一个星期天的下
午，我们出去做一些监测，他说，为什么我们不把它戴在 Baggy的衣领上，让她监测污染?于是我们就这
么做了。可知Tom是非常的有创造力的。故答案为C项。
1.【2021届湖南省教育联合体高三7月联考】
They call it the “rule of 150”. An anthropologist(人类学家)called Robin Dunbar made a study of 21 different
primitive societies. He found that they all lived in villages of around 150 people. Then he asked people living in
modern cities to make a list of all the people they knew well enough to talk to. Each of them made a list of around
150 people. Many of us have left village life behind. But the idea of the village has not left us.
Other studies of businesses and army units have shown that when people are forced into groups of over 150 they
become inefficient. There are just too many people around to communicate with effectively. It also seems that whenour personal “villages” become too small, people feel lonely. We need other people to help us.
Many people see life as a kind of journey. As they travel they pick up things they need. These are friends, a
family and jobs. This is a narrow way of looking at things. It does not explain why people who get good jobs and
become rich are often unhappy.
Using the “rule of 150”, we can see things differently. Instead of being a lonely traveler, you are the head of your
own village. You are responsible for every part of village life. Getting a good job helps with the “economic development
of your village. But you also need to pay attention to the social harmony of your village.
Many people think that happiness is about winning a race. The winner gets a great job, a perfect family and a
lot of money. The loser should expect to be unhappy. The “rule of 150” teaches us that happiness comes with getting
the right balance of relationship in our lives.
In a competitive society it is easy to judge people according to the kind of job they have or how much money
they make. In fact, we are all the boss of our own villages. This is a difficult job. It is worthy of your respect.
24．What does the figure “150” relate to?
A．The size of a group. B．The number of groups.
C．The amount of work. D．The number of primitive societies.
25．What is the author’s opinion about “seeing life as a kind of journey”?
A．It only refers to rich people. B．It doesn’t include village life.
C．It can’t cover all possibilities in life. D．It may bring about unhappiness.
26．What do you do as the head of your own village?
A．Take a long journey with the other villagers.
B．Compete against others to achieve happiness.
C．Use the “rule of 150” to improve the village life.
D．Deal properly with the people and things around you.
27．What is the “rule of 150” discussed in the text mainly about?
A．The journey of life. B．Relationship in one’s life.
C．The way to look at things. D．The competitive society.
【答案】24．A25．C26．D27．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“150法则”，这个法则是出于对企业和军队的研究表明，当
人们被强迫进入150人以上的群体时，他们的效率就会降低。周围有太多的人，无法有效沟通。当我们个
人的“村庄”变得太小时，人们似乎感到孤独。我们需要别人的帮助。使用“150法则”，我们可以看到
不同的事情。“150法则”告诉我们，在生活中正确平衡人际关系，幸福就会随之而来。24．
细节理解题。根据第一段They call it the “rule of 150”. An anthropologist(人类学家)called Robin Dunbar made a
study of 21 different primitive societies. He found that they all lived in villages of around 150 people. Then he asked
people living in modern cities to make a list of all the people they knew well enough to talk to. Each of them made a
list of around 150 people. Many of us have left village life behind. But the idea of the village has not left us.可知他
们称之为“150法则”。人类学家Robin Dunbar研究了21个不同的原始社会。他发现他们都住在人口约
150人的村庄里。然后，他让住在现代城市的人们列出一张表，上面列有所有他们很熟悉、可以交谈的人。
他们每人列出了一份大约150人的名单。我们许多人已经离开了乡村生活。但是村庄的概念并没有离开我
们。由此可知，数字“150”与一个群体的大小有关。故选A。
25．
细节理解题。根据第三段中This is a narrow way of looking at things. It does not explain why people who get good
jobs and become rich are often unhappy.可知这是一种狭隘的看待事物的方式。这并不能解释为什么那些找到
好工作并变得富有的人往往不快乐。由此可知，对于“视人生为一种旅程”，作者认为它不能涵盖生活中
的所有可能性。故选C。
26．
推理判断题。根据第四段中 Instead of being a lonely traveler, you are the head of your own village. You are
responsible for every part of village life. Getting a good job helps with the “economic development of your village.
But you also need to pay attention to the social harmony of your village.可知你不是一个孤独的旅行者，你是你
自己村庄的领袖。你要对乡村生活的方方面面负责。找到一份好工作有助于你所在村庄的经济发展。但你
也需要注意你所在村庄的社会和谐。由此可推知，作为村长，你应该正确处理你周围的人和事。故选D。
27．
推理判断题。根据第二段Other studies of businesses and army units have shown that when people are forced into
groups of over 150 they become inefficient. There are just too many people around to communicate with effectively. It
also seems that when our personal “villages” become too small, people feel lonely. We need other people to help us.可知
其他对企业和军队的研究表明，当人们被强迫进入150人以上的群体时，他们的效率就会降低。周围有太
多的人，无法有效沟通。当我们个人的“村庄”变得太小时，人们似乎感到孤独。我们需要别人的帮助。
以及倒数第二段中The “rule of 150” teaches us that happiness comes with getting the right balance of relationship
in our lives.可知“150法则”告诉我们，在生活中正确平衡人际关系，幸福就会随之而来。由此可推知，文
章中讨论的“150规则”主要是关于生活中的关系的。故选B。2.【2021届广西钦州市第一中学高三开学摸底】
Antioxidants (抗氧化剂) in coffee are thought to help protect against stroke — but too much must raise blood
pressure, which increases the risk, according to Japanese researchers. Similarly, green tea could also be beneficial for
preventing the shocking event, caused when a blood vessel(血管) in or serving the brain is blocked.
The study looked at the drinking habits of more than 83,000 healthy adults, aged 45 to 74, whose health was
tracked for 13 years on average. They found that people who drank at least one cup of coffee a day had about a 20
percent lower risk of stroke, compared to those who rarely drank it. To get an equal effect, about four cups of green
tea a day were required.
All results were adjusted to take into account differences between the groups in age composition, gender,
smoking, alcohol, weight, diet and exercise. Dr. Yoshihiro Kokubo, lead author of the study, published in the journal
Stroke, said, “The regular action of drinking tea and coffee, largely benefits cardiovascular (心脏血管的) health.”
Their results for coffee were similar to that of “study of studies”, presented at a European conference, which
found that one to three cups a day was associated with a 14 percent reduction. For three to six cups, there appeared
to be a similar but weaker association, but there was no benefit from drinking six or more.
Exactly why coffee and green tea appears to lower stroke risk is unclear, although antioxidants are thought to be
at work. However, the science is by no means cut and dried. Caffeine raises blood pressure, and there have been
indications that too much coffee can raise stroke risk because of this.
Dr. Dale Webb, from the Stroke Association said, “We welcome this study which suggests that the benefits of
antioxidants in coffee and green tea may offset the potential harm from caffeine.” He thought, the results show higher
consumption of green tea and coffee might reduce the risks of stroke. “We would like to see further research to
understand these findings,” he said.
28．What may lead to a stroke according to the first paragraph?
A．Higher blood pressure. B．Drinking a cup of coffee a day.
C．Blocked blood vessels in the brain. D．Antioxidants.
29．What can we infer from the passage?
A．The study mainly focuses on middleaged people.
B．Drinking one cup of coffee a day benefits health.
C．Those who seldom drink coffee are healthier.
D．Drinking tea contributes to stroke.
30．What is the attitude of Dr. Dale Webb toward this study?
A．He saw more findings of this study unsatisfiedly.B．He understood the difficulty of this study.
C．He appreciated the achievements of this study.
D．He was disappointed to find no following research.
31．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Drinking coffee raises blood pressure B．Drinking tea reduces stroke
C．Drinking coffee equals drinking tea D．Drinking tea or coffee properly matters
【答案】28．C29．B30．C31．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。最近的研究表明，喝咖啡或绿茶可以降低中风的风险。但是，过量饮用也会导
致血压升高，因此，要适量饮用咖啡或绿茶。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Similarly, green tea could also be beneficial for preventing the shocking
event, caused when a blood vessel(血管) in or serving the brain is blocked.可知同样，绿茶也有助于预防中风，
这是由于大脑内部或服务于大脑的血管被阻塞而引起的。由此可知，当大脑中的血管发生堵塞的时候，可
能会导致中风。故选C。
29．推理判断题。根据第二段第二句They found that people who drank at least one cup of coffee a day had about a
20 percent lower risk of stroke, compared to those who rarely drank it.可知他们发现，与很少喝咖啡的人相比，
每天至少喝一杯咖啡的人患中风的风险要低 20%。由此可推断，每天至少喝一杯咖啡对身体健康有好处。
故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句Dr. Dale Webb, from the Stroke Association said, “We welcome this study
which suggests that the benefits of antioxidants in coffee and green tea may offset the potential harm from
caffeine.”可知中风协会的Dale Webb博士说:“我们欢迎这项研究，它表明咖啡和绿茶中的抗氧化剂的好处可
以抵消咖啡因的潜在危害。”由此可判断出，Dale Webb医生对这项研究的成果持赞赏态度。故选C。
31．主旨大意题。根据第一段Antioxidants (抗氧化剂) in coffee are thought to help protect against stroke — but
too much must raise blood pressure, which increases the risk, according to Japanese researchers. Similarly, green tea
could also be beneficial for preventing the shocking event, caused when a blood vessel(血管) in or serving the brain is
blocked.可知据日本研究人员称，咖啡中的抗氧化剂被认为有助于预防中风，但喝太多咖啡就会导致血压升
高，从而增加中风的风险。同样，绿茶也有助于预防中风，这是由于大脑内部或服务于大脑的血管被阻塞
而引起的。结合本文主要讲述最新的研究表明，适当饮用一定量的咖啡或绿茶能降低患中风的风险。故 D
选项“适当饮用咖啡或茶很重要”最适合作标题。故选D。
3.【2021届江西省景德镇一中高三8月月考】
When our ancestors were peasants in the earliest days of agriculture, the daily schedule was: work in field allday, eat midday meal in field, continue working in field. Today, after centuries of human advancement, it goes
something like: work in coffee shop all day, buy and eat lunch there, continue toiling away on laptop until the sun
sets. Though it may seem like the tech boom and gig economy(临时工经济) led the way in this modern mobile work
style, working and dining have always been intertwined. In major cities like New York, Washington D．C．, Sydney
and Hong Kong, restaurants are changing into official co-working spaces during off-peak hours.
Dr. Megan Elias, director of the gastronomy program at Boston University, says food and business have been
linked since as far back as the ancient Sumer (who established civilization as we know it around 4000 B．C．)
“What we think of as street food has always been part of human civilization,” she says. “There have always been
marketplaces where humans came together to conduct some kind of business — like trading grain, trading animals
or building houses. As long as there have been marketplaces, people have been eating at them while also doing
business.”
The first example of a brick-and-mortar “restaurant” came during the merchant economy in the 15th and 16th
centuries, according to Elias. During this stage in European, African, and East and South Asian history, inns allowed
merchant businessmen to rest — and of course, eat — throughout their travels. During the colonial era of the 1600s
and 1700s, concrete examples of American restaurants emerged as “Coffee Houses”. Coffee Houses were places that
had newspapers, which at the time were very small and commercial," author and social historian Jan Whitaker
explains.
Coffee houses remained tradesman staples throughout the early 19th century, with simple menu items like rolls
and meat pies. More “grand meals,” as Elias calls them, were still taking place within homes for non-traveling folk.
But, when the U.S. began industrializing in the 1840s and people stayed near workplaces during the day, eating
establishments popped up around factories.
“Industrialization of the city is also restaurantization of the city,” Elias says. “Places sprung up to serve a business
lunch crowd and an after-work dining crowd again, still doing business.”
8．How does the author mentioned our ancestors in paragraph1?
A．To make comparisons B．To present figures.
C．To raise questions D．To give examples
9．When did restaurants begin to provide not only eating but sheltering?
A．around 4000 B．C． B．in the 15th and 16th centuries.
C．During the 1600s and 1700s. D．In the early 19th century.
10．What can we learn about Coffee houses?
A．Newspapers were produced there first.B．The food served there was limited at first.
C．They were especially popular around factories.
D．It was a perfect place for entertainment and eating.
11．What can be best title of the text?
A．the function of eating out. B．The slow formation of the modern city.
C．the evolution of the restaurant. D．The age of more work, less eating.
【答案】8．A9．B10．B11．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了讲述了餐馆的演变历史。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段中When our ancestors were peasants in the earliest days of agriculture, the daily
schedule was: work in field all day, eat midday meal in field, continue working in field. Today, after centuries of
human advancement, it goes something like: work in coffee shop all day, buy and eat lunch there, continue toiling
away on laptop until the sun sets. 在农业发展初期，我们的祖先还是农民的时候，每天的日程是：整天在田
间劳作，中午在田间吃饭，继续在田间劳作。今天，经过几个世纪的人类进步，它是这样的：整天在咖啡
馆工作，在那里买和吃午饭，继续用笔记本电脑工作，直到太阳下山。可知，作者是通过比较农业发展初
期和今天的工作方式来提到我们的祖先的。故选A项
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中The first example of a brick-and-mortar “restaurant” came during the merchant
economy in the 15th and 16th centuries, according to Elias. During this stage in European, African, and East and
South Asian history, inns allowed merchant businessmen to rest — and of course, eat — throughout their travels. 据
Elias说，第一个实体“餐馆”出现在15和16世纪的商业经济时期。在欧洲、非洲、东亚和南亚历史的这
一阶段，客栈允许商人在旅途中休息——当然，也可以吃饭。可知，餐馆是在15和16世纪开始不仅提供
吃饭，而且提供住宿。故选B项。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段中Coffee houses remained tradesman staples throughout the early 19th century, with
simple menu items like rolls and meat pies. More “grand meals,” as Elias calls them, were still taking place within
homes for non-traveling folk. 在整个19世纪早期，咖啡馆一直是商家的主食，菜单上的菜品很简单，比如面
包卷和肉饼。更多的“大餐”，正如Elias所说，仍在家里为不旅行的人准备。可知，咖啡馆起初供应的食
物有限。故选B项。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段中 In major cities like New York, Washington D.C., Sydney and Hong Kong,
restaurants are changing into official co-working spaces during off-peak hours. 在纽约、华盛顿特区、悉尼和香
港等大城市，餐馆在非高峰时间变成了正式的联合办公区。第三段中The first example of a brick-and-mortar
“restaurant” came during the merchant economy in the 15th and 16th centuries, according to Elias. 据Elias说，第一个实体“餐馆”出现在15和16世纪的商业经济时期。以及通读全文，可知本文主要讲述了餐馆的演变
历史，因此本文的最佳标题选项C“餐馆的演变”符合题意。故选C项。
4.【湖南省汨罗2021届高三入学考试】
The royal family is filled with rules, and one in particular might explain why Princess Charlotte is a princess,
but her kids likely won't be.
When it comes to the British royal family, one thing is almost always true: they have a pretty confusing set of
official rules and protocols. For instance, the royal family doesn't have a last name. And don't forget the fact that
Queen Elizabeth celebrates two birthdays every year.
If your head isn't swimming yet, consider the tradition of royal titles. As a British custom, only the daughter of
a prince or a prince's wife may be considered a formal “princess”. The latter applies to Kate, who is both a princess
and the Duchess of Cambridge thanks to her marriage to Prince William, the Duke of Cambridge. And their children,
Prince George and Princess Charlotte, also bear official royal titles because their father is Prince William.
However, while Prince George's future children will also carry their father's royal status, any children that
Princess Charlotte has will not automatically be considered princes or princesses. Why? Royal custom dictates that
royal titles are passed down via sons, but not daughters.
However, while Prince George's future children will also carry their father's royal status, any children that
Princess Charlotte has will not automatically be considered princes or princesses. Why? Royal custom dictates that
royal titles are passed down via sons, but not daughters.
"Royal titles are inherited through sons, so if Princess Charlotte has children they would not automatically inherit
the titles (his or her royal highness) HRH, Prince, or Princess,” Lucy Hume, associate director of etiquette experts
Debrett's, told Town& Country.
Of course, exceptions can (and will!) be made. (Learn about every time the British royal family broke their own
protocol.) The Queen has offered HRH status to other royal offspring in the past, including the children of Queen
Elizabeth's daughter, Anne. Although Princess Anne and her husband, Captain Phillips, declined, perhaps Princess
Charlotte will be extended the same offer when her own children are born.
12．What's the meaning of the underlined word "protocol" in the second paragraph?
A．Promise. B．Behavior. C．Manners. D．Connection.
13．What kind of child is regarded as "princess"?
A．The son of a princess. B．The daughter of a prince.
C．The daughter of a princess. D．The wife of a king.14．Who is Charlotte's father?
A．Prince George. B．Elizabeth. C．Prince William. D．Captain Philips.
15．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?
A．Any person can break traditional rules.
B．Not every person must obey traditional rules.
C．Any British royal family member has their own title.
D．Maybe the British royal family will break their own rules.
【答案】12．C13．B14．C15．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国王室头衔传承的规则。按照英国的习俗，只有王子的女儿或
王子的妻子才可以被视为正式的公主。公主拥有的任何子女都不会自动被视为王子或公主。因为皇室习俗
规定皇室头衔是由儿子传下来的而不是女儿。
12．词义猜测题。划线词和之前的rules是并列的，因此在词义上与rules（规则）接近，根据第二段中的
“For instance, the royal family doesn’t have a last name. And don’t forget the fact that Queen Elizabeth celebrates
two birthdays every year.”可知，王室成员没有姓氏。伊丽莎白女王每年庆祝两个生日，这是一种“规矩”。
该句是在解释rules和protocols，因此下划线词语的意思是“规矩”。A. Promise. 承诺；B. Behavior. 行为；
C. Manners. 规矩，风俗；D. Connection.联系。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As a British custom, only the daughter of a prince or a prince’s wife may be
considered a formal "princess".”可知，按照英国的习俗，只有王子的女儿或王子的妻子才可以被视为正式的
公主。因此选项中只有“王子的女儿”才被认为是公主。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Prince George and Princess Charlotte, also bear official royal titles because
their father is Prince William.”可知，乔治王子和夏洛特公主也有官方的王室头衔，因为他们的父亲是威廉王
子。因此夏洛特的父亲是威廉王子。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Of course, exceptions can (and will!) be made. The Queen has offered
HRH status to other royal offspring in the past, including the children of Queen Elizabeth's daughter, Anne. Although
Princess Anne and her husband, Captain Phillips, declined, perhaps Princess Charlotte will be extended the same
offer when her own children are born.”可知，当然，可能会有例外。女王过去曾向其他王室后代，包括伊丽莎
白女王女儿安妮的子女提供过HRH身份（注：HRH身份指的是皇室身份中的王子或公主），但是安妮公
主和她的丈夫菲利普斯上尉拒绝了。也许夏洛特公主在自己的孩子出生后也会得到同样的待遇。因此最后
一段主要告诉我们的是：也许英国王室会打破自己的规矩让公主的孩子也可以享有正式的王室头衔。故选
D。5.【2021届安徽省六校教育研究会高三第一次素质测试】
While walking through some remote forest in Indonesia’s West Sumatra, some biologists claim to have spotted
the world’s largest flower ever recorded.
The flower is a giant Rafflesia tuan-mudae, a species that only comes out for about seven days at the end of
the plant’s lifespan. The record flower measured in at a diameter of 111 centimeters, which makes it larger than the
previous record holder by 4 centimeters, also a Rafflesia tuan-mudae. “This is the largest Rafflesia tuan-mudae that
has ever been documented,” said Ade Putra at the Agam Conservation Agency in Sumatra.
The flower is characterized by its flesh-colored petals (花瓣) that are covered in white spots. That might not
sound like the most attractive description, but it’s proper considering the smell this species is known to give off.
Rafflesia tuan-mudae is a type of special flower, which smells like a dying body. Don’t let this fact lessen the glory
of a find like this, however. What the flower lacks in fragrance makes up for its appealing biology.
The pungent smell is meant to attract flies, which are this flower’s main pollinators (传粉者). Interestingly, it’s
still a mystery as to what type of animal distributes the tuan-mudae seeds. These plants also grow inside the root of a
host plant for around nine months until suddenly showing themselves to the world with their giant smelly flowers.
They were named “Rafflesia” after a British colonist (殖民者), Sir Stamford Raffles, who was the first to
officially identify one in the early 19th century. Hopefully for Raffles’ sake, it was named after him to honor the
discovery, not because of the good sir’s smell.
Luckily, it takes a special kind of scientists to run toward one of these flowers rather than away, but in this
case the prize was worth the smell. Whatever its smell, it’s a special plant, and it’s encouraging that such rare natural
wonders can still find room to grow on our crowded planet.
8．What was the diameter of the previous record holder of the biggest flower?
A．111 centimeters. B．104 centimeters.
C．107 centimeters. D．115 centimeters.
9．What does the underlined word “pungent” mean in Paragraph 4?
A．Strong and unpleasant. B．Relaxing and soft.
C．Fragrant and sharp. D．Pleasant and attractive.
10．What is the main idea of the fifth paragraph?
A．When the flower was found. B．Where the flower was found.
C．How the flower was named. D．Why the flower was so special.
11．How does the author find the discovery?
A．Nervous. B．Fortunate. C．Annoyed. D．Satisfied.【答案】8．C9．A10．C11．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了世界上有记录的最大的花 Rafflesia tuan-mudae（穆达大王
花），并介绍了它特殊的气味和命名原因。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“The record flower measured in at a diameter of 111 centimeters, which
makes it larger than the previous record holder by 4 centimeters, also a Rafflesia tuan-mudae.”可知，这朵Rafflesia
tuan-mudae（穆达大王花）的直径为111厘米，这使得它比之前的记录保持者的直径大了4厘米，那也是
一朵穆达大王花。由此可推断出，最大的花的前一个记录保持者的直径是111厘米减去4厘米，为107厘
米。故选C项。
9．词义猜测题。画线词所在句“The pungent smell is meant to attract flies”意为“这种_____气味是用来吸引
苍蝇的”。根据第三段关键句“Rafflesia tuan-mudae is a type of special flower, which smells like a dying
body.”可知，穆达大王花闻起来像一个垂死的尸体。再根据第四段关键句“suddenly showing themselves to
the world with their giant smelly flowers.”中的“giant smelly”可知，这种花会散发出巨大的臭味。Strong and
unpleasant意为“强烈的和令人不快的”，符合对这种花气味的描述，表示这种强烈的和令人不快的气味
是用来吸引苍蝇的，符合句意。故选A项。
10．主旨大意题。根据第五段关键句“They were named “Rafflesia” after a British colonist (殖民者), Sir Stamford
Raffles”可知，这种花以英国殖民者Sir Stamford Raffles的名字命名为Rafflesia。再根据第五段关键句“it
was named after him to honor the discovery, not because of the good sir’s smell”可知，以他的名字命名是为了纪
念这个发现。由此可推断出，本段主要讲的是这朵花是怎样被命名的。故选C项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Luckily, it takes a special kind of scientists to run toward one of these
flowers rather than away, but in this case the prize was worth the smell.”可知，幸运的是，这种特殊的味道让科
学家们跑向了这些花，而不是远离它们。由此可推断出，作者认为这一发现是幸运的。Fortunate意为“幸
运的”，符合作者的看法。故选B项。
6.【广东省佛山市2021届高三质检】
There are many options for free video conferencing (会议) apps. Here’s our short list of the best ones, where
they shine and where they fall short.
Google Hangouts
The free video chat app from Google is a great example of a consumer-grade app. It integrates with Gmail and
Google Calendar, making it easier for users to operate.
Up to 10 participants can join the live conference with a plug-in application. And as it doesn’t support dualstream video and content, some users complain that the video is not clear or reliable.
Skype
The app, developed by Microsoft, gives 10 users access to a conference. It’s worth noting that Microsoft is
integrated with Skype.
A plug-in application is required. Advanced features are fascinating, but only available for paid subscription.
Zoom
The free video conferencing solution from Zoom provides a service for group video calls with over 100
participants. The Zoom Basic plan allows users to have 40-minute calls with a handful of features like screen sharing,
local recording and camera filters.
A plug-in application is necessary. All calls, which are limited to 40 minutes or less, are secured.
Lifesize
Lifesize has been in the video conferencing industry for long. By setting up a free account with Lifesize, you
can quickly start a free video call with up to 25 participants. It is web-based and doesn’t require downloads or an
application on your devices. Guests can join the live call right from the website by clicking on your personal meeting
ID link.
To use the additional features like 300-way calling, Microsoft integrations and 4K video conference room
systems requires a paid subscription.
1．Which aspect of Google Hangouts is not satisfactory?
A．User capacity.
B．Video quality.
C．User-friendliness.
D．Technical support.
2．Which app offers a ten-minute conference service with 30 people for free?
A．Google Hangouts. B．Skype. C．Zoom.D．Lifesize.
3．What is special about Lifesize?
A．It integrates with Microsoft.
B．It is completely free of charge.
C．There is no time limit to its conferences.
D．No application is needed for participants.
【答案】1．B
2．C
3．D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章详细说明了三款最好用的会议软件的优势和不足。
1.细节理解题。根据Google Hangouts部分第二段最后一句“And as it doesn’t support dual stream
video and content, some users complain that the video is not clear or reliable.”（由于不支持双流视频和
内容，一些用户抱怨视频不清晰或不可靠。）可知，Google Hangouts不令人满意的方面是视频质量。故
选B。
2.细节理解题。根据 Zoom 部分第一段第一句“The free video conferencing solution from Zoom
provides a service for group video calls with over 100 participants. ”（Zoom提供的免费视频会议解决方
案提供100人以上的群组视频通话服务。）可知，Zoom可以免费提供100人以上的群组视频通话服务，根
据第二句“The Zoom Basic plan allows users to have 40-minute calls with a handful of features like screen
sharing, local recording and camera filters.”（Zoom Basic计划允许用户拨打40分钟的电话，并提供一些
功能，如屏幕共享、本地录音和相机滤镜。）可知，Zoom应用程序提供30人免费的10分钟会议服务。故
选C。
3.细节理解题。根据Lifesize部分“ It is web-based and doesn’t require downloads or an application
on your devices. ”它是基于网络的，不需要在你的设备上下载或安装应用程序。根据Google Hangouts中
的“ with a plug-in application”安装应用程序。根据Skype“A plug-in application is required. ”安装应
用程序。根据Zoom“ A plug-in application is necessary.”安装应用程序。由此可知，Lifesize特别之处在
于申请者无需安装应用程序。故选D。
7.【广东省深圳市高级中学2021届高三模拟】
Boston wants to be smarter. The city has taken advantage of technologies to become more responsive to its
residents' needs. But technology alone is not sufficient to make today's cities liveable. Boston has discovered that it
also needs to reach the old-fashioned low-tech community and integrate that technology with city life.
Kris Carter rolled out Boston's smart city program in 2014. It started with an App that residents could download to
report locations where sidewalks needed repair. The city sorted out those reports and ranked them in a database,
which repair crews used to prioritize their work.
The system worked beautifully, except for one problem: most of the alerts(警报) came from wealthier
neighborhoods, where the concentration of smartphone - equipped residents was highest. ＂The complaints from theApp didn't always correlate with the greatest community need for repairs, " explains Carter.
Carter's group has moved away from the model common to many smart city initiatives of letting tech-
savvy(精通技术的）residents drive the process. Instead, they run meetings to find out what problems people in
different neighborhoods care about solving. When it came to sidewalks, Boston introduced a second method of
collecting repair tips, hiring people to get out and walk the city's 1,700 miles of sidewalks to take notes on their
condition.
Whether using low-tech or high-tech approaches, says Carter, to stay smart, a city needs to continually reassess
its options to spot opportunities to improve residents' lives. Take the sidewalk repair program, walking on the streets
was proved a useful, if inefficient way to prioritize repair needs. But last year the group found that walkers' mobile
phones could be tracked as they moved along the streets, and that data could be analyzed to identify sidewalk routes
which are most often used by neighborhoods.
“Combined with our other sidewalk information, that gave us an even better way to predict where faster repairs
would do the most good," says Carter,"We're really always looking for whatever mix of approaches best solves the
problem."
12．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．The citizens' life. B．The city's reputation.
C．The city's management. D．The benefits of technology.
13．What problem did Kris Carter's team meet when carrying out their program?
A．They faced many technical obstacles.
B．They couldn't serve all residents well.
C．They were not supported by residents.
D．They were annoyed by being short-staffed.
14．Which of the following might Kris Carter most agree with?
A．Maximizing the benefits of technology.
B．Mixing approaches for solving problems.
C．Giving full play to the power of residents.
D．Letting tech companies be a leading role.
15．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．A Smart City: More Than Just Tech
B．A City with Intelligent Facilities
C．Joint-effort in City ConstructionD．The Modernization of a City
【答案】
12．C
13．B
14．B
15．A
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了波士顿在利用高科技管理城的同时使用传统办法以实现城市有效管理，
成就现代智慧城市。
12．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“But technology alone is not sufficient to make today's cities
livable. Boston has discovered that it also needs to reach the old-fashioned low-tech community and
integrate that technology with city life.”但是，仅仅依靠技术还不足以使今天的城市适合居住。波士顿发
现，它还需要接触到传统的低智能化社区，并将这种技术与城市生活结合起来。本段主要讲述了波士顿力
争成为智慧城市，使用高科技更充分地回应市民的需求，同时，城市也注重加强传统低智能化社区科技与
生活的融合。所以第一段主要是关于城市的管理。故选C。
13．推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“The complaints from the App didn’t always correlate with
the greatest community need for repairs, explains Garter.”嘉德解释说，来自应用程序的投诉并不总是与
最大的社区维修需求相关。根据第四段“Carter's group has moved away from the model common to many
smart city initiatives of letting tech-savvy(精通技术的）residents drive the process. Instead, they run meetings
to find out what problems people in different neighborhoods care about solving”可知，卡特的团队已经
摆脱了许多智能城市倡议的共同模式，即让精通技术的居民来推动这一进程。相反，他们召开会议，找出
不同社区的人关心解决的问题。克里斯卡特的团队在执行他们的计划时遇到的问题是不能为所有市民很好
地服务，故选B。
14．推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句“We're really always looking for whatever ever mix of
approaches best solves the problem.”我们一直在寻找各种方法的最佳组合来解决问题可知，Carter想要寻
找高科技技术与传统方法融合的方式来满足城市管理的需要，故选B。
15．主旨大意类。文章主要介绍了波士顿在提高城市智能程度的过程中，既充分利用高科技，又充分
使用传统方法，以满足所有市民的需要，它是一座不仅仅以高科技来成就的智慧城市，所以短文的最佳标
题为“ 智能城市：不仅仅靠技术”。故选A。8.【2020届四川省天府名校高三5月教学质量联合测评】
I. M. Pei, one of the best-known architects of the 20th century, has died. He was 102. Born in China, Ieoh Ming
Pei moved to the United States in 1935 to study architecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard
University.
Pei’s works around the world include museums, government buildings, hotels, schools and other structures built
with stone, steel and glass. One of his best-known and most disputed works was built 30 years ago. Pei created a new
entrance for the world-famous Louvre Museum in Paris. Pei first spent four months studying the museum and French
history. He then drew plans for a 21-meter-tall steel and glass id, with three smaller pyramids nearby. It was a very
futuristic style of work for the 12th-century building.
A French newspaper criticized Pei’s pyramids as “an annex to Disneyland”. An environmental group said they
belonged in a desert. Others accused Pei of ruining one of the world’s greatest landmarks.
Pei said the Louvre was the most difficult job of his career. He argued that he had wanted to create a modern
space that would not take away from the traditional part of the museum. He said the glass pyramids were based on
the works of French landscape architect Le Notre. They honored French history.
The pyramids opened in the spring of 1989. Over the years that followed, the structure came to be loved by
most, if not all, of its critics.
Other well-known Pei buildings include the John F. Kennedy Library in Dorchester, Massachusetts, the National
Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, the East Wing of the National Gallery of Art in Washington
and the Dallas City Hall in Texas. Pei officially retired in 1990. However, he continued to work on projects—including
museums in Luxembourg, Qatar and his ancestral home of Suzhou.
8．What is true about the entrance created by Pei for the Louvre Museum?
A．Pei spent four mouths drawing plans for it. B．There are four pyramids in total.
C．It’s in a style of the 12th century. D．It took 30 years to complete the work.
9．What can we infer from Pei’s words in Paragraph 4?
A．The glass pyramids were originally designed by Le Notre.
B．The glass pyramids were based on the French landscape.
C．The glass pyramids were in harmony with the Louvre.
D．The glass pyramids reflected both French and Chinese style.
10．What were most people’s attitudes towards Pei’s pyramids years after its opening?
A．Indifferent. B．Puzzled.
C．Critical. D．Favorable.11．What do we know about Pei according to the passage?
A．He was hardworking, optimistic and easygoing.
B．He spread Chinese traditional architecture to the world.
C．He created many great works both in China and other countries.
D．He was the most outstanding architect of the 20th century.
【答案】8．B9．C10．D11．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了贝聿铭在建筑领域上的成就。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段第五句“He then drew plans for a 21-meter-tall steel and glass pyramid, with three
smaller pyramids nearby.”然后，他绘制了一个21米高的钢和玻璃金字塔的计划，附近还有三个较小的金字
塔。由此可知，卢浮宫入口一共有4个金字塔。故选B。
9．推理判断题。根据第四段中“He argued that he had wanted to create a modern space that would not take away
from the traditional part of the museum. He said the glass pyramids were based on the works of French landscape
architect Le Notre. They honored French history.”他争辩说，他想要创造一个不会脱离博物馆的传统部分的现
代空间。他说，玻璃金字塔是基于法国景观设计师勒诺特尔的作品。他们向法国历史致敬。可知这个玻璃
金字塔是与卢浮宫的传统风格相契合的。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“Over the years that followed, the structure came to be loved by most, if not
all, of its critics.”在接下来的几年里，该结构受到了大多数(如果不是全部的话)批评人士的喜爱。由此可知，
这个建筑被大多数人喜爱。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“However, he continued to work on projects—including museums in
Luxembourg, Qatar and his ancestral home of Suzhou”然而，他继续从事项目工作——包括卢森堡、卡塔尔和
他的祖籍苏州的博物馆。由此可知，在中国和其他国家都有其创作的作品。故选C。
9.【2020届河北省衡水中学高三第六次调考】
The 2019 World Conference on VR Industry shows that Virtual Reality （VR） technology can be used to
revolutionize people's experiences in practically any field．
Held in Nanchang from Oct． 19 to 22， the annual conference attracted more than 300 experts， leading
scholars and company principals from over 30 countries． The theme of this year's World Conference on VR Industry
was "VR+5G tor a new age of insight．" Conferences and exhibitions， which hosted more than 2，000 companies
from across the world， were held during the event．
As China introduces 5G this year， experts and industry insiders said that the VR industry will hug the new
era． "We will take the lead in VR technology creativity． For example， the technology has already been appliedsuccessfully to this year's National Day parade． The popularity of the technology among younger generations of
users guarantees a large potential market， said Guo Ping， representative of Huawei．
In 2018， Oral Roberts University in the USA opened a new Global Learning Center， which has classrooms
equipped with 360-degree cameras on the wail， which follows and records professors as they teach． Through an
app on the smart phone， students can see images in 3D and manipulate （操纵）them．
In May 2019， a VR theme park opened to the public in London． Covering about 13，000 square meters
with 120 sets of advanced VR equipment， the park attracts thousands of visitors every day．
During the 22nd Asian Music Festival， the musical Eight made its second appearance． Eight is a unique
fusion of music， theater， VR technology and visual art， in which audience members wear VR headsets to
walk through and manipulate an equipment． The show tells a poetic story of an old woman looking back on her
life and it lasts for 15 minutes．
12．What does this year's World Conference suggest？ ______
A．VR technology can be used only with 5G．
B．VR technology can change people's lives．
C．China's 5G technology will take the lead．
D．More VR theme parks will be opened to public．
13．Why is Guo Ping confident about VR technology？ ______
A．Because it attracts experts to cooperate．
B．Because it has a large overseas market．
C．Because young customers have interest in it．
D．Because it has changed how to teach and learn．
14．What does the underlined word " fusion'' in the last paragraph refer to？ ______
A．research B．process
C．combination D．type
15．Which is the best title of the passage？ ______
A．China Is Leading the Way in the World
B．VR Technology Development in China
C．5G Technology： China Moves Ahead Quickly
D．The Bright Future of VR in Diverse Fields
【答案】12．B13．C14．C15．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了2019年世界虚拟现实产业大会表明，虚拟现实技术实际上可以在任何领域为人们的体验带来革命性的变化。 虚拟现实在各个领域的前景光明。
12．细节理解题。根据文章第一段 The 2019 World Conference on VR Industry shows that Virtual Reality
（VR） technology can be used to revolutionize people's experiences in practically any field．2019年世界虚拟
现实产业大会表明，虚拟现实技术实际上可以在任何领域为人们的体验带来革命性的变化。可知今年的世
界会议 说明了虚拟现实技术可以改变人们的生活建议。故选B。
13．推理判断题。根据文章第三段 The popularity of the technology among younger generations of users
guarantees a large potential market， said Guo Ping， representative of Huawei．这项技术在年轻一代用户中
的普及保证了一个巨大的潜在市场，代表华为的郭平说。可知郭平对虚拟现实技术充满信心因为年轻顾客
对它感兴趣。故选C。
14．词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段 Eight is a unique fusion of music， theater， VR technology and visual
art， in which audience members wear VR headsets to walk through and manipulate an equipment．八是音乐、
剧院、虚拟现实技术和视觉艺术的独特融合，观众戴着虚拟现实耳机通过和操作设备。 可知fusion意为
“组合”。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了2019年世界虚拟现实产业大会表明，
虚拟现实技术实际上可以在任何领域为人们的体验带来革命性的变化。 虚拟现实在各个领域的前景光明。
所以可知这篇文章最好的标题是“虚拟现实在各个领域的光明前景”。故选D。
10.【2020届辽宁省沈阳市东北育才学校高中部高三第八次模拟】
Has the volume in a restaurant ever made you finish your meal early? If so, you're not alone. Restaurants handle
diners in various ways to influence food choices and consumption, from lighting to menu to server presentation.
Unfortunately for those headache-prone restaurant goers, some places also choose to turn up the tunes and the
background noise.
Chef Mario Batali is often blamed for the phenomenon of very loud or noisy restaurants in the 1990s, when he
decided to flood the dining room with the same loud tunes he was playing in his kitchen. And other chefs followed
suit. Some restaurateurs felt a "livelier" atmosphere encouraged more customers to dine there, and a side "benefit"
was quicker table turnover, thus increasing the number of people who could dine in a specific evening.
A 1985 study out of Fairfield University looked at how chewing speed varied according to the type of music
being played. Although the volume level was kept the same for both musical situations, it's important to note that
fast-tempo (节奏) music often gives the impression of being louder than slower music.
"A significant increase in the number of bites per minute was found, and the effect was largest for fast music,"the researchers wrote in the study. So, the faster, louder music gets people to down their food more quickly, relieving
the table for future customers.
There are opinions about whether or not this is a sound practice. "A restaurant that places profit above dining
experience often plays loud music with a fast tempo that puts diners under pressure to eat more quickly, even if that
means they're less able to enjoy their meal," writes Dr. Neel Burton in Psychology Today, adding that loud, fast music
reduces appetite.
What's more, some would-be repeat diners will shy away for fear of another very loud meal. The non-profit
group Action on Hearing Loss found in a 2016 survey of nearly 1,500 people that 91% of those who view a restaurant as
too noisy would choose not to return.
4．Why did some bosses of the restaurants favour loud music?
A．It might help attract more customers.
B．It was the favorite kind of music of them.
C．It made the restaurants softer and sweeter.
D．It could increase the popularity of their chefs.
5．What plays the most important role in the effect of music on diners according to the passage?
A．Its content. B．Its length.
C．Its speed. D．Its quality.
6．What is Dr. Neel Burton's attitude towards flooding restaurants with noisy music?
A．Doubtful. B．Disapproving.
C．Positive. D．Objective.
7．What could be a suitable tile for the text?
A．What People Think of Loud Restaurants?
B．Are Customers to Blame?
C．How Restaurants Improve Themselves?
D．Does Loud Music Really Benefit Restaurants?
【答案】4．A5．C6．B7．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。如今很多饭店都喜欢播放响亮的音乐，响亮的音乐可以提高顾客的就餐速度，
但却会因此失掉大部分潜在的顾客。
4．细节理解题。由第二段中的Some restaurateurs felt a "livelier" atmosphere encouraged more customers to dine
there, and a side "benefit" was quicker table turnover, thus increasing the number of people who could dine in a
specific evening.（一些餐馆老板认为“更活跃”的气氛鼓励了更多的顾客，且另一个“好处”是更快的餐桌周转，从而增加了在特定的晚上就餐的人数。）可知，餐馆老板喜欢响亮的音乐是因为这可能有助于吸
引更多的顾客。故选A项。
5．细节理解题。由第三段中的“Although the volume level was kept the same for both musical situations, it's
important to note that fast-tempo (节奏) music often gives the impression of being louder than slower music. (尽管
两种音乐环境下的音量水平保持不变，但要注意的是，快节奏音乐通常给人的印象是比慢节奏的音乐声音
大。)”可知，速度在音乐对就餐者的影响中起着最重要的作用。故选C项。
6．推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的"A restaurant that places profit above dining experience often plays loud music
with a fast tempo that puts diners under pressure 10 eat more quickly, even if that means they're less able to enjoy
their meal," writes Dr. Neel Burton in Psychology Today, adding that loud, fast music reduces appetite.(Neel
Burton博士在《今日心理学》杂志上写道：“一家把利润放在就餐体验之上的餐厅，经常以快节奏播放喧
闹的音乐，让食客吃得更快，即使这意味着他们无法享受美食，”他补充道，响亮、快速的音乐会降低食
欲。)可推断出，Neel Burton博士对就餐使用响亮的音乐持反对态度。故选B项。
7．主旨大意题。阅读文章可知，本文一、二段从饭店播放音乐开始说起，后面四段围绕音乐对顾客的影
响进行分析并得出：播放响亮的音乐可以提高顾客就餐速度，但会失去大部分潜在顾客，因此文章讲的是
“大声的音乐真的有益于餐馆吗？”。故选D项。
