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考点巩固卷 14 阅读理解之说明文
2023 年高考真题
【2023 ▪新高考I卷】
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it
asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital
minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly
intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter.
This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days,
you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive
benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll
draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear
these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that
you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a
sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独
处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device
use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of
the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that
words for your particular circumstances.
8. What is the book aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device.
9. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
10. What is presented in the final chapter of part one?
A. Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods.
C. Practical examples. D. Historical analyses.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司11. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two?
A. Use them as needed. B. Recommend them to friends.
C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them.
【2023 ▪新高考II卷】
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in
almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout
history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books
and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections
between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book
as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —
absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted
hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith
of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in
their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as
the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and
sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page
outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as
any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the
pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our
increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still
offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
8. Where is the text most probably taken from?
A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing.
C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings.
9. What are the selected artworks about?
A. Wealth and intellect. B. Home and school.
C. Books and reading. D. Work and leisure.
10. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean?
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 2A. Understand. B. Paint.
C. Seize. D. Transform.
11. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader?
A. The printed book is not totally out of date.
B. Technology has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D. People now rarely have the patience to read.
2021-2022 年高考真题
【2022▪新高考I卷】
The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling
lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s
wellbeing, It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care
homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was
younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there
again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents
come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something
useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has
been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:
“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits
and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will
really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
28. What is the purpose of the project?
A. To ensure harmony in care homes.
B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司C. To raise money for medical research.
D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills.
B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory.
D. She has developed a strong personality.
30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve. B. Oppose.
C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable.D. It takes ages to see the results.
【2022▪新高考I卷】
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of
some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking,
five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half
the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as
“f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led
by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it
hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws
changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic
period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow
to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world
languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand
years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings
evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 4appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a
complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the
research team.
32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on?
A. Its variety. B. Its distribution. C. Its quantity.D. Its development.
33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?
A. It is key to effective communication.
B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system.
D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
【2022▪新高考II卷】
Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have
tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while
driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now
rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately."
"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road
safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to
an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the
Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver
had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for
the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going
to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone."
28. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US?
A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary.
C. Inconsistent. D. Unfair.
29. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out?
A. Where a driver came from. B. Whether a driver used their phone.
C. How fast a driver was going. D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
30. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
31. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. To Drive or Not to Drive? Think Before You Start
B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D. The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer.
2023 年名校模拟题
【2023届山东省威海市高三5月高考模拟】
C
Young and old alike can be crazy about a new finding by researchers at Ohio State University and the
University of Chicago. There is hope for us all when it comes to creativity, they say.
According to the study, which focused on the 31 most notable Nobel Prize winners in economics, there are
two types of creativity that can blossom at different points in a person’s life. Conceptual innovators tend to do
their best work in their mid-twenties, while experimental innovators peak in their fifties.
They explain in the paper that there are conceptual thinkers, who seek to communicate specific ideas or
emotions and have precise goals for their works, planning them carefully in advance, and carrying them out
systematically. Pablo Picasso and Albert Einstein both did their greatest work in youth. However, experimental
innovators build on their knowledge and accept theories throughout their careers and ultimately find new and
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 6innovative ways to analyze that knowledge. These thinkers tend to do their best work later in life. The paper cites
Virginia Woolf and Charles Darwin as late bloomers.
The study states, “Many scholars believe that creativity is only associated with youth. Two 54-year-old
Harvard scholars were denied offers of tenured professorships (终身教授) due to concerns of the so-called
problem of “extinct volcanoes.”
Their findings suggest that this kind of biased (有偏见的) thinking leads to bad decisions. It ignores the fact
that there are different types of innovators and that different problems demand different kinds of contributions and
solutions. They hope their work will gradually remove the world’s favoritism for precocious geniuses(早熟的天
才) and its ignorance of the creativity that comes with age. Weinberg, the co-author of the study, said,“We believe
what we found in this study isn’t limited to economics, but could apply to creativity more generally.”
8. Which of the following can replace the underlined “blossom”?
A. Fully develop. B. Suddenly change.
C. Gradually fade. D. Repeatedly emerge.
9. What determines a person’s most creative period according to the study?
A. Age or career. B. Education background.
C. Type of thinking. D. Exposure to diverse ideas.
10. What does the writer want to stress in the last paragraph?
A. Creativity breeds success.
B. Creativity knows no age limit.
C. Solutions need diverse creativity.
D. Favoritism for geniuses limits creativity.
11. What’s the writer’s attitude to the new findings?
A. Doubtful. B. Objective. C. Positive. D. Critical.
D
Network-based technologies have become increasingly widespread, and they are now being used by
countless individuals, professionals, and businesses worldwide. Despite their advantages, most network-based
systems are highly at risk of malicious (恶意的) attacks.
The consequences of a malicious attack on network-based systems can be extremely harmful. For instance,
an attack on a power plant network could leave millions of individuals and offices without electricity, while
attacks on social media networks can lead to exposure of user information.
To overcome the weaknesses of network-based systems, computer scientists worldwide have been trying to
develop advanced intrusion detection systems (IDSs) (入侵检测系统) that could help to identify malicious
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司attacks, increasing a network’s safety. In recent years, machine learning (ML) algorithms (机器学习算法) have
been found to be particularly promising for automatically detecting attacks and intrusions on a network’s
functioning.
An important step in the development and training of ML-based IDSs is the selection of data features that a
,
model can rely or focus on when making predictions. Ideally by analyzing large datasets, researchers should be
able to identify the most suitable features for solving a given task using ML tools, and this can also be applied to
intrusion detection.
Researchers at Canadian University Dubai in the UAE have recently developed a new feature selection
method that could enable the development of more effective ML-based IDSs. This method was found to perform
remarkably well when compared with other commonly employed feature selection techniques. Using the features
they identified as most important for intrusion detection, the researchers created a highly efficient ML-based
detection system. This system was found to be capable of distinguishing between DDoS attacks and harmless
network signals with 99% accuracy.
In the future, the feature selection method developed by the researchers and their findings could help the
development of new, highly effective IDSs. In addition, the system they created using the features they identified
could be applied in real-world settings to detect malicious attacks on real networks.
12. What does paragraph 1 focus on about network-based technologies?
A. Their targeted users. B. Their popularity.
C. Their potential risk. D. Their advantages.
13. How can IDSs increase the safety of networks?
A. By tracking malicious attacks.
B. By starting anti-virus programs.
C. By sorting out user information.
D. By recognizing malicious attacks.
14. What is the key to the development of ML-based IDSs?
A. Solving given tasks. B. Selecting reliable data features.
C. Making accurate predictions. D. Analyzing large enough datasets.
15. What’s the purpose of the text?
A. To introduce a new technique for IDSs.
B. To promote network-based technologies.
C. To raise people’s awareness of network safety.
D. To discuss ways to deal with malicious attacks.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 8【2023届山东省济南市高三三模】
C
For motorcycle enthusiasts, nothing beats the excitement of riding your motorcycle on the open highway
with the wind on your back. With gas prices rising, riding motorcycles is economical and a much greener way to
travel. Along with the benefits comes the risk of personal injury if an accident occurs. After all, you’re not
protected by steel like you are while driving your car. Besides a helmet (头盔), the latest safety innovations, new
airbag jeans, are personal airbags that you can wear to better protect your life.
Airbags have been protecting people in car accidents for decades. Now, a Swedish company, Mo’cycle,
teamed up with an airbag technology company which previously produced upper body protection for motorcycle
riders, to design and produce the airbags jeans. This kind of airbag can offer protection for the motorcycle rider’s
lower body, especially the tailbone, in case of an accident. According to the company, “It reformed the airbag
technology to protect the first bone of the spinal column (脊柱), because spinal column injury is the leading cause
of disability among motorcycle riders.”
The airbag jeans look like conventional trousers. Its component is removable and the jeans can be washed,
dried, and worn again. The jeans are made of a fabric called Armalith which is stronger and weighs less than steel.
Armalith helps to prevent riders from injuries caused by force of friction after a fall. The airbags fixed into the
fabric help protect the rider if he or she falls off the motorcycle. If the rider is separated from the vehicle, the
airbags are touched off in seconds. That’s because the mechanism is actually a chain that connects the jeans to the
motorcycle.
Mo’cycle’s airbag jeans are available on the company’s crowdfunding campaign along with an airbag shirt
and a complete protection package. Obviously, they can provide protection for more motorcycle riders. Making
the roads safer for them is certainly a worthy effort.
8. What is the purpose of Paragraph 1?
A. To show the popularity of motorcycles. B. To stress the necessity of airbags jeans.
C. To state the importance of wearing helmets. D. To display the excitement of highway riding.
9. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
A. The tailbone injuries are hard to identify.
B. Airbags offer overall protection for riders.
C. Mo cycle is famous for airbag design and production.
D. The airbag jeans are based on the existing technology.
10. What is a feature of airbag jeans?
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司A. They lead a new fashion trend. B. They are comfortable to wear.
C. They are quick in response. D. They need fixing regularly.,
11. How does the author feel about the future of the airbag jeans?
A. Indifferent. B. Uncertain. C. Promising. D. Curious.
D
Walter Benjamin, the German philosopher, once noted that boredom was the “dream bird that hatches the egg
of experience”. However, the creative flights of fancy which often arise from having little to do are being killed
off by social media, researchers argued. Viewing mindlessly through attention-grabbing posts and videos prevents
“profound (深层的) boredom” that can drive people on to new passions or skills. Instead, people find themselves
in a state of “superficial boredom”, which does not motivate creative thought.
Dr Timothy Hill, leader of the research team at the University of Bath, said, “The problem we observed was
that social media can ease superficial boredom. But that also consumes time and energy, and may prevent people
progressing to a state of profound boredom, where they might discover new passions. Profound boredom may
sound like a negative concept but, in fact, it can be intensely positive if people are given the chance for
undisturbed thinking and development.
Researchers interviewed 15 people during the pandemic (流行病), when boredom was more likely because
of restrictions. Many described being trapped in regularly daily walks and watching television, with many turning
to social media to pass the time. But although the participants said that social media provided a temporary escape
from superficial boredom, it also appeared to exacerbate it, leaving them feeling they had wasted their time.
The pandemic was a painful and consuming experience for thousands of less fortunate people. But there are
stories of those in lockdown who found new hobbies, careers or directions in life. Switching off devices could
help people reach the state of boredom which pushes them on to new hobbies or achievements.
This research has given us a window to understand how the “always-on”, 24/7 culture and devices that
promise an abundance of information and entertainment may be fixing our superficial boredom but are actually
preventing us from finding more meaningful things.
12. Why are Walter Benjamin’s words mentioned?
A. To call for attention to the research on boredom.
B. To comment on the strategies to face loneliness.
C. To offer advice on developing creative thinking.
D. To clarify the problem caused by social media.
13. Which of the following may Dr Timothy Hill agree?
A. Profound boredom is of value.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 10B. Social media can fuel passions.
C. The research has some limitations.
D. Creative thought is easily disturbed.
14. What does the underlined word “exacerbate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Avoid. B. Break.
C. Inspire. D. Worsen.
15. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. Why people enjoy boredom
B. How boredom helps kill time
C. Why being bored may be good for you
D. How social media blocks creative ideas
（2023·湖北·高三统考一模）Anne Lacaton and Jean-Philippe Vassal, this year’s winners of the most
famous award in architecture, are as surprised as anyone else. “Of course, we are very pleased,” Lacaton said. She
and her partner smiled broadly.
Putting aside their wearing eyeglasses, Lacaton and Vassal could not be more different from an earlier
generation of “architects”. Lacaton and Vassal apply a belief—never destroy, never remove or replace, always
add, transform, and reuse - to their work on old urban buildings. Designs by Lacaton and Vassal have focused on
perfecting low-income housing complexes, beautifully and functionally, while respecting — rather than
displacing- the people who live there.
“Buildings are beautiful when people feel well in them,“ Lacaton explained. “When the light inside is
beautiful and the air is pleasant, when the exchange with the outside seems easy and gentle, and when uses and
sensations are unexpected.” Vassal added, “There’s a lot of violence in architecture. We try to be accurate. We try
to work with kindness.” perfecting low-income housing complexes, beautifully and functionally, while respecting
— rather than displacing- the people who live there.
When Lacaton and Vassal were asked to redesign a particularly large and ugly public housing building in
Bordeaux in 2017, the residents told them they did not want to move, even temporarily, but that they wanted
bigger units. The solution was to surround the building with large outdoor terraces (露天平台), adding sliding
glass doors to each unit, and remaking the exterior from concrete to something gleaming(闪光的), modern and
alive. Suddenly, everyone had roomy outdoor space, some of which was enclosed to be used during the winter as
“winter gardens”.
“Their approach of cost-effective, creative readaption could be a model for urban planning in the U.S., where
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司destruction’s been seen as a method of solving the worsening public housing in such cities as Chicago and
St.Louis,” architecture professor Mabel 0. Wilson says. “And granted, there’s a host of other issues as to why that
happened. It’s not the building. It’s the absence of social services and lack of repair to buildings that made living
in public housing impossible for residents.
1．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about Lacaton and Vassal?
A．Their housing standard. B．Their working principle.
C．Their living conditions. D．Their wearing style.
2．What do Lacaton and Vassal seek to do in their architecture work?
A．Rebuild old houses precisely.
B．Displace the settlers with great kindness.
C．Improve rather than knock down old buildings.
D．Extend space for people as much as possible.
3．Why does the author mention the public housing building in Bordeaux?
A．To stress the importance of winter gardens.
B．To show the violence in tearing down buildings.
C．To reflect the cost of readapting houses.
D．To prove the possibility of improving old houses.
4．Why do people tend to knock down the worsening public housing, according to Wilson?
A．It saves the cost effectively.
B．It makes room for new creative buildings.
C．They lack awareness of social services.
D．There is no need to repair these buildings.
（2023·浙江·校联考模拟预测）It is easy to be doubtful about announcements of drugs that claim to slow
the progress of Alzheimers, the most common form of dementia(痴呆). A new drug called Lecanemab, however,
may be the real deal Results of a clinical trial, conducted by its makers, Eisai, of Tokyo, and Biogen, of
Cambridge Massachusetts, have just been announced in the New England Journal of Medicine(November; 2022).
After18 months, it had slowed the progress of symptoms by a quarter.
The trial involved 1795 participants who were in the early stages of the illness. Half received the drug The
others, a placebo(安慰剂). It showed two things. One was the modest but measurable slowing of progression. The
other was that an explanation of Alzheimers called the Amyloid Hypothesis(淀粉样蛋白假说) seems correct.
Amyloid is a protein which accumulates in parts of the brains of those with Alzheimers, which is an
established sign of the illness. Lecanemab, containing a special antibody, is found to be able to attach itself to
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 12amyloid and then attracts immune-system cells to clear the protein away (and measurably did so in those receiving
the drug).That suggests amyloid does indeed directly create problems associated with dementia and that
Lecanemab can slow down the development of the disease.
This is a small first step. Some experts question whether the test used to show an improvement in symptoms
is clinically meaningful because amyloid can be detected only with the help of a piece of expensive equipment,
which is not something that can easily be turned into a routine program. Moreover, Lecanemab also caused
swelling and bleeding of the brain in a number of participants. Now that the new drug has been shown to work, it
can be followed up with further tests. Hope for more good news soon.
5．What can be learned from the first two paragraphs?
A．The public shows confidence in new drugs for Alzheimers.
B．All participants didn’t receive the new drug.
C．The new drug had an obvious effect on the participants.
D．It took 18 months to make the new drug.
6．The author explains the effectiveness of the new drug by _______.
A．illustrating how the drug interacts with amyloid in body
B．describing how immune-system works in detail
C．making comparisons between two groups of participants
D．quoting the comments of other scientists
7．Which of the following is a drawback of the new drug?
A．It can’t be accessed easily in daily treatment.
B．It can cause some side-effects.
C．It costs too much for ordinary families.
D．It needs to be further tested before its launch.
8．What does the author think of Lecanemab?
A．Reliable. B．Groundbreaking
C．Promising D．Risky.
（2023·广东深圳·统考一模）When put to tests, bees have long proved that they’ve got a lot more to offer
than pollinating (授粉) , making honey and being loyal to a queen. The hard-working insects can change their
behavior when things seem difficult, and now some scientists find there is proof that they also like to play.
Scientists from Queen Mary University of London performed an experiment, in which they set up a container
that allowed bees to travel from their nest to a feeding area. But along the way, the bees could choose to pass
through a separate section with some small wooden balls. Over 18 days, the scientists watched as the bees “went
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司out of their way to roll wooden balls repeatedly, despite no apparent incentive (刺激)to do so. ”
Earlier studies have shown that the black and yellow bugs are willing to learn new tricks in exchange for
food or other rewards. In this case, to get rid of external factors, scientists made sure the bees had adapted to their
new home and that their environment was stress-free.
The finding suggests that like humans, insects also interact with objects as a form of play. Also similar to
people, younger bees seem to be more playful than adult bees. “This research provides a strong indication that
insect minds are far more complicated than we imagine. There are lots of animals who play just for the purpose of
enjoyment, but most examples come from young mammals (哺乳动物) and birds,” said Lars Chittka, a professor
of sensory and behavioral ecology at Queen Mary University of London, who led the study.
The study’s first author, Samadi Galpay, who is a PhD student at Queen Mary University of London, states
that it is more evident that bees may be capable of experiencing feelings. “They may actually experience some
kind of positive emotional states, even if basic, like other larger animals do. This finding has effects on our
understanding of the sense and welfare of insects, which, consequently, encourages us to respect and protect
wildlife on Earth ever more,” she says.
9．What is the new finding about bees?
A．They are fond of having fun.
B．They are faithful to the queen.
C．They are adaptable to changes.
D．They are skilled at rolling balls.
10．How did scientists remove external influences in the experiment?
A．By teaching bees new tricks.
B．By rewarding bees with food.
C．By making bees feel at home.
D．By building new homes for bees.
11．What are Lars Chittka’s words mainly about?
A．The forms of bees’ interaction.
B．The complexity of bees’ minds.
C．The examples of mammals’ play.
D．The purpose of mammals’ enjoyment.
12．What does Samadi Galpay say about the study result?
A．It backs up prior understanding of insects.
B．It reveals reasons for bees’ positive feelings.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 14C．It drives research on animals’ emotional state.
D．It contributes to wildlife conservation on Earth.
（2023春·江苏泰州·高三统考一模）After the season for giving, it is the one for throwing away. Each year
in late December and early January a massive amount of plastic packaging is discarded worldwide. In Britain
alone households generate 30% more waste, an extra 3m tonnes, in the month over Christmas. Most is destined
for landfill. Sweden will do less damage than many, though. The country now recycles at a record level. Almost
three-quarters (74%) of plastic packaging waste was recycled there in 2021, the highest proportion in Europe.
Much of Sweden’s success is due to a deposit refund scheme. Customers pay €0.10 extra when buying drinks
containers. After use, these can be fed into reverse vending machines installed in shops, which spit the deposit
back out. The machines’ contents are sent directly to recycling centres. By the end of 2021, 92% of all bottles and
cans sold in Sweden were being returned. The overall plastic packaging recycling rate increased by almost 20%.
The Swedish government says the scheme has aroused a potential enthusiasm for recycling in its citizens.
Nearly 90% of Swedes have used the machines at least once. However, Swedes do not generally describe
themselves as eco-fighters. A 2021 survey by the European Commission found they were less likely than most
other Europeans to regard environmental issues as “very important”.
The eagerness of Swedish recyclers may stem not from a love of the Earth but from a low net worth. A tenth
of the population get by on less than €245 a month. In big cities it is common to see people scooping recyclable
items out of bins to take to the machines.
Less litter and money for people who need it seems like a win-win. But it might not in fact be best for the
environment in the long run. In Germany—where a similar, widely used refund deposit scheme has been in place
since 2003—the earnings from keeping the deposits from unreturned bottles seem to have discouraged producers
from switching to more sustainable packaging.
13．What might most Swedish customers do under the deposit refund scheme?
A．They send their drinks containers directly to recycling centres.
B．They spend more on drinks than other European customers.
C．They return their used drinks containers.
D．They use vending machines to buy drinks.
14．What did the 2021 survey find out?
A．Sweden beat many countries in plastic recycling.
B．Swedes had low environmental awareness.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司C．Swedes made much money from recycling.
D．Sweden had an unequal income distribution.
15．What is the author’s attitude to the deposit refund scheme?
A．Positive. B．Uninterested. C．Ambiguous. D．Unfavourable.
16．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Why Swedes cash in on their trash.
B．How waste turns into treasure in Sweden.
C．Who are recycling plastic bottles in Sweden.
D．Where Swedes throw away their plastic packaging.
（2023 春·湖北·高三校联考一模）Deep within the Yukon, one of the most densely wooded areas of
Canada, sits a patch of land that is unlike any other forest on the planet. Instead of a canopy of treetops spreading
across the horizon, tens of thousands of signposts perch haphazardly one on top of the other. They are all part of
the Signpost Forest, the largest collection of signs from places around the world. At last count, the Signpost Forest
in Watson Lake, located about 10 miles north of the U.S.-Canadian border, contains 91,000 signs from spots near
and far.
The tradition began during the Alaska Highway Project in 1942, when U.S. soldier Carl K. Lindley spent
time in Watson Lake recovering from an injury. A commanding officer asked him to repair and erect the
directional signposts, and while completing the job, the homesick soldier added a sign that indicated the direction
and mileage to his hometown: “Danville, Illinois, 2,835 miles.” Others followed suit, and the trend caught on.
Each year, an average of 1,000 new signs are being added to the collection. Lindley’s original sign has since been
lost to time. Fifty years later, in 1992, Lindley and his wife Elinor made the pilgrimage back to Watson Lake to
place a replica, which is still there.
The Signpost Forest takes up a couple of acres, with huge panels snaking through the trees. There are street
signs, welcome signs, signatures on dinner plates, and license plates from around the world. There are also a lot of
familial signs; for example, a grandfather will put up a sign and then years later family will come back and try to
find it. A lot of these are personal signs to literally say that they are here. Though the visitor center has wood and
paints on hand to help create a sign, many people opt to bring their own signs, though illegally, by snatching a
metal sign from their hometown and nailing it to one of the wood posts. The forest has grown so vast that the
visitor center no longer tries to keep a detailed list of the signs.
17．What does “The tradition” in the second paragraph refer to?
A．Counting the number of signs in the Signpost Forest.
B．Replacing the natural forest with signs of different kinds.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 16C．Putting directional signposts on the highways of the Yukon.
D．Bringing signs to the Signpost Forest from around the world.
18．According to the passage, which of the following is true about the first sign in the Signpost Forest?
A．It remained in the Forest until 1992.
B．It was erected by an American soldier.
C．It was first put on the Alaska Highway.
D．It was brought from Lindley’s hometown.
19．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “replica” in the second paragraph?
A．List. B．Trunk. C．Copy. D．Border.
20．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．The origins and sizes of the signs in the Signpost Forest.
B．The quantity and variety of the signs in the Signpost Forest.
C．The difficulty of categorizing the signs in the Signpost Forest.
D．The practice of nailing illegal signs to the posts in the Signpost Forest.
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