2026 届最新高考模拟三轮冲刺卷（全国通用）
阅读理解15 篇（说明文）
Passage 1
I have a lot of great friends, but I don’t belong to many other social groups. I guess my thought is that
spreading myself thin that way might be bad for my well-being. New research suggests otherwise. A study in
Britain from The Society for Personality and Social Psychology has found that people who belong to more groups
may be happier and healthier than those who don’t.
In this study, Clifford Stevenson of Nottingham Trent University in England and his colleagues got data
from almost 6,000 people participating in an ongoing study called the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
(ELSA), which looks at how different aspects of a person’s life experience affect their well-being over time.
Participants self-reported on many things, including their health and well-being, how generally lonely they
were, and how many different types of groups they belonged to. These could include community sports teams,
neighborhood associations, parent-teacher associations, charities, or book clubs and so on.
After analyzing the results, Stevenson and his team found that people who belonged to more diverse groups
at one point in time felt less lonely and had greater well-being four years later. This was true even after taking into
account factors like age and gender, as well as how lonely or troubled they were at the beginning of the study. This
suggests that joining more varied groups can help people feel better above and beyond how many groups they
belong to.
This study adds to a growing scientific literature tying group membership to well-being, but also has
practical implications. People in many communities around the world are suffering from higher levels of
loneliness, and health care workers and others are looking for solutions.
With that in mind, there is reason to consider applying this finding more broadly. If we know that greater
group diversity is useful at both a community and personal level, we can perhaps use that information to help
improve conditions for people no matter where they live.
1．What does the underlined phrase “spreading myself thin” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Being too thin to keep healthy.
B．Wasting too much time on friends.
C．Joining too many groups carelessly.
D．Having no time to make new friends.
2．Why does the author mention ELSA in the passage?
A．To show the study’s reliability.
B．To introduce a new research method.
C．To prove its authority in aging research.
D．To explain its difference from the main study.
3．What can we learn from Stevenson’s study?
A．ELSA focuses on people’s physical health only.
B．Age and gender affect the study results greatly.
C．Diverse group membership helps reduce loneliness.
D．The more groups people join, the happier they are.
4．What is the best title for the passage?
A．How to Choose the Right Book Club
B．Diverse Group Ties Boosting Well-being
C．The Secret to Staying Young and Energetic
D．Why Loneliness Is Growing in Modern Society
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文打破人们认为加入过多社交团体会消耗精力、不利于身心健康的固有认知，通过权威研究
证明，加入多样化的社交团体能够有效降低孤独感、提升个人幸福感，对个人生活与社会现状改善具有
积极意义。
1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“I have a lot of great friends, but I don’t belong to many other social groups. I
guess my thought is that spreading myself thin that way might be bad for my well-being. (我有很多好朋友，但
我没有加入很多其他社交团体。我认为那样spreading myself thin 会不利于我的身心健康。)”可知，作者不
愿加入过多社团，担心精力分散，“spreading myself thin”指代随意加入过多社团分散精力。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“In this study, Clifford Stevenson of Nottingham Trent University in England and
his colleagues got data from almost 6,000 people participating in an ongoing study called the English
Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), which looks at how different aspects of a person’s life experience affect
their well-being over time. (在这项研究中，英国诺丁汉特伦特大学的克利福德·斯蒂文森及其团队从参与一
项名为“英国老龄化纵向研究”（ELSA）的持续性研究的近6000 名参与者那里获取了数据，该研究旨
在探究一个人生活经历的不同方面如何随着时间的推移对其幸福感产生影响。)”可知，研究依托大型长期
正规调研项目获取数据，样本量大、来源正规，作者提及ELSA 是为了证明本次研究数据真实、结果可
靠。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“After analyzing the results, Stevenson and his team found that people who
belonged to more diverse groups at one point in time felt less lonely and had greater well-being four years later.
(在分析结果后，史蒂文森和他的团队发现，在某个时间点属于更多不同群体的人在四年后感觉不那么孤
独，幸福感也更高。)”可知，多样化的社团参与有助于减少孤独感。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文核心围绕多样化的社交团体关系能够提升幸福感、改善身心状态展
开论述，B 选项精准概括全文主旨，适合用作标题。
Passage 2
In every city I’ve lived in on two continents, folks are always walking around usually with shopping carts
collecting abandoned metal, cans and plastic bottles to sell to recycling plants. It always seems like a win-win-win
situation to me — the city saves on sorting and recycling costs, the collector obviously needs the money — why
else would you dive in large garbage cans? — and the earth benefits.
Add to that, no matter where you live, most people astonishingly still don’t recycle. I’m constantly
maddened by those who throw plastic bags of rubbish in the organic bin or fold up cardboard to put into the glass
container! Actually, if you’re like me, you care for the earth and you even make a half-hearted effort — you
recycle right up until it gets slightly inconvenient but anyhow you stick to the habit of recycling.
Governments are always trying to motivate us to recycle. My hometown New Jersey provides everyone
with recycling bins that are weighed and scanned at pick-up, encouraging residents with discounts and gift
certificates to local shops and restaurants. In Berlin, you hardly ever spot plastic bottles because they’re picked up
right away as each water or soda purchase comes with an extra cost or “deposit (押金)” of 30 cents that you can
get back from automated bottle return machines at the market.
What if all plastic started to have a financial value for us? Would we finally be motivated to recycle?
The concept of social plastic was developed in 2014 by David Katz under the banner of the organization
The Plastic Bank which makes more organized points of sale for low-income workers to sell their plastic finds. As
Katz points out, with 300 million tons of new plastic created every year, that’s actually trillions of dollars worth of
plastic in slow breakdown all across our planet. “If we can reveal the value in plastic, we can make it too valuable
to throw away. If we can reveal the value in people, we can give them a platform to improve their lives,” Katz
said.
1．What does the author think of people’s collecting and selling garbage?
A．It brings shared benefits.
B．It’s profit-centered.
C．It takes combined work.
D．It’s labor-requiring.
2．What can we learn about the author’s recycling effort?
A．It’s continuous. B．It’s rewarded.
C．It’s praised.
D．It’s fruitless.
3．What measures does Berlin take to encourage recycling?
A．Offering gift cards.
B．Charging returnable fees.
C．Building recycle plants.
D．Providing weighed bins.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Recycle Policies: Governments’ Plans
B．Plastic Cleanup: Where Profit Emerges
C．Garbage Hunting: A New Way to Live
D．Social Plastic: When It Pays to Recycle
【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．D
【导语】文章主要探讨了回收塑料的经济价值，介绍了各地鼓励回收的措施，以及通过赋予塑料经济价
值来激励回收的理念。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“It always seems like a win-win-win situation to me — the city saves on
sorting and recycling costs, the collector obviously needs the money — why else would you dive in large garbage
cans? — and the earth benefits. (在我看来，这总是一个三赢的局面——城市节省了分类和回收成本，收集
者显然需要钱——否则你为什么愿意翻大垃圾桶呢？——而地球也受益)”可知，作者认为人们收集和出售
垃圾带来了共同的利益。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Actually, if you’re like me, you care for the earth and you even make a half-
hearted effort — you recycle right up until it gets slightly inconvenient but anyhow you stick to the habit of
recycling. (实际上，如果你像我一样，关心地球，甚至还会做出些半心半意的努力——你会坚持回收，直
到它变得稍微有点不便，但无论如何你都会坚持回收的习惯)”可知，作者坚持回收的习惯是持续的。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In Berlin, you hardly ever spot plastic bottles because they’re picked up right
away as each water or soda purchase comes with an extra cost or “deposit (押金)” of 30 cents that you can get
back from automated bottle return machines at the market. (在柏林，你几乎看不到塑料瓶，因为它们马上被
捡走了，因为每次购买水或汽水都附带0.30 欧元的额外费用或“押金”，你可以在市场上的自动瓶子回
收机中取回)”可知，柏林采取的措施是收取可退还的费用。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“In every city I’ve lived in on two continents, folks are always
walking around usually with shopping carts collecting abandoned metal, cans and plastic bottles to sell to
recycling plants. It always seems like a win-win-win situation to me — the city saves on sorting and recycling
costs, the collector obviously needs the money — why else would you dive in large garbage cans? — and the
earth benefits.(在我居住过的两个大洲的每个城市里，总有人推着购物车四处走动，收集废弃的金属、易
拉罐和塑料瓶，然后卖给回收厂。在我看来，这总是一个三赢的局面——城市节省了分类和回收成本，
收集者显然需要钱——否则你为什么愿意翻大垃圾桶呢？——而地球也受益)”和最后一段“The concept of
social plastic was developed in 2014 by David Katz under the banner of the organization The Plastic Bank which
makes more organized points of sale for low-income workers to sell their plastic finds. As Katz points out, with
300 million tons of new plastic created every year, that’s actually trillions of dollars worth of plastic in slow
breakdown all across our planet. “If we can reveal the value in plastic, we can make it too valuable to throw away.
If we can reveal the value in people, we can give them a platform to improve their lives,” Katz said.(“社会塑料”
这一概念是由大卫·卡茨于2014 年在其创立的“塑料银行”组织下提出的。该组织为低收入劳动者设立了
更规范化的回收点，供其出售所收集的塑料制品。正如Katz 所指出的，每年全球新生产的塑料达3 亿吨，
这意味着价值数万亿美元的塑料正在地球上缓慢降解。“如果我们能揭示塑料的价值，它就会变得宝贵
到让人们不舍得丢弃。如果我们能揭示人的价值，就能为他们提供一个改善生活的平台，”Katz 说。)”可
知，文章围绕“赋予塑料经济价值以激励回收”这一核心理念展开，故D 项“Social Plastic: When It Pays
to Recycle (社会塑料：当回收变得有利可图时)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。
Passage 3
In the springs of the past three years, a group of researchers translocated eggs of pied flycatchers, a small
migratory songbird that gives birth widely across Europe, from their nests in the Netherlands to a population site
in Sweden. They carefully transported the eggs to their new home in Swedish nests and eventually, the eggs were
raised by Swedish parents. When winter came, these translocated birds left their nests and made the long journey
to their wintering grounds in Africa, along with other pied flycatchers from Netherlands and Sweden.
With the return of spring, they flew back to Sweden, now as adults with fully formed songs, ready to find
potential mates. The researchers recorded the songs of these birds and compared them with those of the local
Swedish pied flycatchers that had raised them. They also made a comparison with the songs of their original
Dutch population. Overall, the songs of the translocated male birds were similar to those of the Swedish
population.
This came as no surprise, since the researchers know that social learning plays a crucial role in song
development for pied flycatchers. However, they discovered that translocated males did not just learn any Swedish
song element — they learned those elements most similar to their ancestral Dutch population. This meant their
songs did not completely overlap (重叠) with Swedish ones but resembled (相似) both Swedish and Dutch songs.
This suggests that the translocated males are genetically predisposed (倾向) to learn songs of their ancestral Dutch
population.
These findings show how genetic differences within a species can contribute to cultural change. According
to the researchers, as songs continue to diverge (趋异) between these two populations, the genetic predispositions
may also become more distinct. Eventually, birds from the local population may not recognize immigrants from
other populations as part of their own species as regional variations tend to become more pronounced over time.
This co-evolution between genes and songs may reduce the likelihood of birds from different populations mating
with each other, driving the formation of new species.
1．What do we know about the translocated pied flycatchers?
A．They failed to finish their migration to Africa.
B．They were brought up by native Swedish birds.
C．They returned to the Netherlands as adult birds.
D．They refused to mate with local Swedish birds.
2．What’s a factor affecting a pied flycatcher’s song learning?
A．Migration routes.
B．Food sources.
C．Environmental noises.
D．Genetic predispositions.
3．What does the underlined word “pronounced” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A．Remarkable.
B．Complex.
C．Mysterious.
D．Changeable.
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．Social Learning Is Impacting Bird Songs
B．The Migration Journey of Pied Flycatchers
C．Cultural Differences Among Bird Populations
D．Genetic Song Preferences May Shape New Species
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D
【导语】研究介绍鹟鸣叫声受遗传与后天学习影响，该演变或推动新物种形成。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“They carefully transported the eggs to their new home in Swedish nests and
eventually, the eggs were raised by Swedish parents.(他们小心翼翼地将蛋运到瑞典巢穴这个新家，最终这些
蛋由瑞典的亲鸟抚养长大)”可知，被转移的鹟是由瑞典本地的鸟抚养长大的。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“This suggests that the translocated males are genetically predisposed (倾向) to
learn songs of their ancestral Dutch population.(这表明被转移的鹟在基因上倾向于学习其荷兰祖先种群的歌
声)”可知，基因倾向是影响鹟鸟歌声学习的一个因素。
3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Eventually, birds from the local population may not recognize immigrants
from other populations as part of their own species as regional variations tend to become more pronounced over
time.(最终，随着时间推移，区域差异趋于变得更加pronounced，本地种群的鸟类可能不会将来自其他种
群的迁入者视为自己物种的一部分)”可知，因为区域差异变得更明显，才导致本地鸟不把外来鸟当作同物
种，所以“pronounced”意思是“明显的”。
4．主旨大意题。主要讲述在过去三年春天，研究人员将鹟的蛋从荷兰的巢穴转移到瑞典的种群栖息地，
由瑞典的亲鸟抚养长大。冬季这些鸟迁徙到非洲，成年后飞回瑞典。研究人员通过记录并对比它们与瑞
典本地鹟以及荷兰原种群的歌声，发现基因倾向在鹟歌声学习中有重要作用，且这种基因与歌声的共同
进化可能推动新物种形成。所以短文的最佳标题为“基因层面的歌曲偏好或促成新物种形成”。
Passage 4
In the 1970s, scientists put hungry pigeons (鸽子) into a long box and taught them that a flashing light at
one end of the box signified the appearance of food at the other end. At first, the pigeons largely ignored the light
and spent time at the side of the box near the food. But over time, the light drew the pigeons. The birds would
spend so much time pecking (啄) at the light that they even had no time to get the food.
“Today people are exactly like the pigeons,” says Peter Balsam, a professor of psychology at Columbia
University, “because we carry around a device that causes this strange behavior: our phones.”
Phones — as well as their social media platforms, texting apps and video games — can trick us into
quitting seeking out what we truly need in our lives. We start to value, desire and even become addicted to signals
on our devices that we associate with our fundamental needs, like a sense of belonging. “As social creatures,
people are driven to find social interaction just as attractive as food, water and salt,” says the neuroscientist Read
Montague at Virginia Tech.
Phones and apps provide sights and sounds that signal the possibility of belonging, much as the light in the
pigeons’ box signaled food. The content on social media and texting apps cannot fulfill people’s need for in-
person interactions and relationships. Instead, it represents a kind of “skeletal” version of a real social life.
Montague has long maintained a rule for his teenage children: they can only use their phones in family
gathering areas, such as the living room, but never in their bedrooms. Restricting phone access doesn’t mean
denying children the pleasures in life. Instead, he explains that spending time alone in their rooms can block their
social connection. He points out that such behavior is not desirable, as it may lead to feelings of loneliness, and
advises them to engage with real people personally.
1．What happened to the pigeons in the experiment over time?
A．They found the flashing light frightening.
B．They focused more on the light than the food.
C．They got used to waiting for food near the light.
D．They learned to get food by pecking at the light.
2．Why does Peter Balsam compare people to the pigeons?
A．Both tend to ignore their real needs.
B．Both attach great importance to teamwork.
C．Both have difficulty giving up their bad habits.
D．Both show strong adaptability to the environment.
3．Which of the following may Montague agree with?
A．Teenagers should be banned from phones.
B．Social interaction is essential for human beings.
C．Feeling lonely is a normal phenomenon for teenagers.
D．Playing phones may negatively influence teenagers’ concentration.
4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To warn against phone addiction.
B．To introduce a classic experiment.
C．To handle the lack of social interaction.
D．To emphasize the importance of social media.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．A
【导语】主要通过讲述20 世纪70 年代科学家对鸽子的实验，起初鸽子忽视代表食物的闪光，后来却过度
关注闪光而无暇获取食物，引出如今人们如同实验中的鸽子，因手机及相关应用而忽视自身真正需求。
文中还提及神经科学家蒙塔古对孩子使用手机的规定，强调社交互动对人的重要性，目的是警示人们警
惕手机成瘾问题。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“But over time, the light drew the pigeons. The birds would spend so much time
pecking (啄) at the light that they even had no time to get the food.(但随着时间的推移，闪光吸引了鸽子。这
些鸟会花大量时间啄闪光，以至于它们甚至没有时间去获取食物)”可知，随着时间推移，鸽子对闪光的关
注超过了对食物的关注。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Phones — as well as their social media platforms, texting apps and video games
— can trick us into quitting seeking out what we truly need in our lives.(手机——以及它们的社交媒体平台、
短信应用程序和视频游戏——会诱使我们不再去寻找生活中真正需要的东西)”以及第一段鸽子忽视食物而
过度关注闪光可知，彼得·巴尔萨姆将人与鸽子作比较，是因为两者都倾向于忽视自己真正的需求。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Restricting phone access doesn’t mean denying children the pleasures in life.
Instead, he explains that spending time alone in their rooms can block their social connection. He points out that
such behavior is not desirable, as it may lead to feelings of loneliness, and advises them to engage with real people
personally.(限制使用手机并不意味着剥夺孩子们生活中的乐趣。相反，他解释说，独自在房间里待着会阻
碍他们的社交联系。他指出这种行为不可取，因为这可能会导致孤独感，并建议他们亲自与真实的人交
往)”可知，蒙塔古认为社交互动对人类至关重要。
4．推理判断题。要通过讲述20 世纪70 年代科学家对鸽子的实验，起初鸽子忽视代表食物的闪光，后来
却过度关注闪光而无暇获取食物，引出如今人们如同实验中的鸽子，因手机及相关应用而忽视自身真正
需求。文中还提及神经科学家蒙塔古对孩子使用手机的规定，强调社交互动对人的重要性，目的是警示
人们警惕手机成瘾问题。
Passage 5
In an era when screens dominate our daily lives, digital eye strain has emerged as a significant public health
issue affecting millions worldwide. Digital eye strain, which is characterized by a range of symptoms such as
dryness, watering, burning, and even double vision, extends beyond mere discomfort to signal the potential
presence of long-term conditions that can significantly affect an individual’s quality of life and productivity.
When we are focusing on digital displays, our blink (眨眼) rate falls, and our eyes strain to maintain focus
on near objects for extended periods. Reduced blinking and sustained near focus can give rise to eye issues. These
symptoms are often short-lived, but if left untreated, they can become ongoing and very difficult to deal with.
The 20-20-20 rule is a simple but effective strategy for protecting our eyes against digital strain. Every 20
minutes, take a 20-second break to focus on something 20 feet away. This brief break allows our eye muscles to
relax, reducing the strain associated with constant near-focus work. Environmental factors also play a fundamental
role in maintaining eye comfort during screen use. Proper lighting, adequate humidity, and good air quality can
significantly affect eye health.
Emerging therapies, which are being developed to tackle the growing problem of screen-caused eye
damage, offer new hope for the more effective management of digital eye strain. Among these, novel TRPM8
agonists (激动剂) — acting like precise keys — show great potential in relieving dry-eye discomfort.
In this digital age, it’s important to take measures to protect our vision. By recognizing the signs of digital
eye strain, implementing protective strategies, and seeking timely professional care, we can reduce the risks
associated with our screen-dependent lifestyles.
1．Which factor is related to digital eye strain?
A．Blinking for a long time.
B．Looking at many objects.
C．The change of near focus.
D．A decrease in blinking.
2．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．Eye symptom types.
B．Relative treatment methods.
C．Eye protection strategies.
D．Professional exam processes.
3．What can we know about the TRPM8 agonists from the text?
A．Their effect remains uncertain.
B．Their future is promising.
C．They are precise keys.
D．They require further research.
4．What does the underlined word “implementing” mean in paragraph 5?
A．Evaluating.
B．Carrying out.
C．Producing.
D．Drawing up.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B
【导语】主要阐述在屏幕主导日常生活的时代，数字眼疲劳成为影响全球数百万人的重要公共健康问题，
其症状多样，若不及时处理可能引发长期疾病。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“When we are focusing on digital displays, our blink (眨眼) rate falls, and our
eyes strain to maintain focus on near objects for extended periods. Reduced blinking and sustained near focus can
give rise to eye issues.(当我们专注于数字显示屏时，眨眼频率会下降，并且我们的眼睛长时间努力聚焦在
近处物体上。眨眼次数减少和持续的近距离聚焦会引发眼部问题)”可知，眨眼次数减少与数字眼疲劳有关。
2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The 20-20-20 rule is a simple but effective strategy for protecting our eyes
against digital strain. Every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break to focus on something 20 feet away. This brief
break allows our eye muscles to relax, reducing the strain associated with constant near-focus work.
Environmental factors also play a fundamental role in maintaining eye comfort during screen use. Proper lighting,
adequate humidity, and good air quality can significantly affect eye health.(20—20—20 规则是一种简单但有效
的保护眼睛免受数字眼疲劳的策略。每20 分钟，休息20 秒，聚焦在20 英尺远的物体上。这个短暂的休
息能让我们的眼部肌肉放松，减轻因持续近距离聚焦工作带来的疲劳。环境因素在使用屏幕时保持眼睛
舒适方面也起着重要作用。适当的照明、足够的湿度和良好的空气质量会显著影响眼睛健康)”可知，该段
主要介绍了保护眼睛免受数字眼疲劳的策略。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Among these, novel TRPM8 agonists (激动剂) — acting like precise keys —
show great potential in relieving dry-eye discomfort.(在这些疗法中，新型TRPM8 激动剂——就像精确的钥
匙一样——在缓解干眼症不适方面显示出巨大潜力)”可知，TRPM8 激动剂的未来很有前景。
4．词句猜测题。根据第五段“By recognizing the signs of digital eye strain, implementing protective
strategies, and seeking timely professional care, we can reduce the risks associated with our screen-dependent
lifestyles.(通过识别数字眼疲劳的迹象，implementing 保护策略，并及时寻求专业护理，我们可以降低与
依赖屏幕的生活方式相关的风险)”，结合语境，这里应该是采取、实施保护策略，“carrying out”有“实
施，执行”之意，与“implementing”意思相符。
Passage 6
In our exploration of literature this month, My Name is Miene stands out as an appealing comic essay that
has captured the hearts of many on social media. The fictional character, Miene, is a blind kitten who finds herself
in a risky situation after getting separated from her mother and hurting her paw, all while being chased by a crow.
Ultimately, she is rescued and finds a home with a caring family. The narrative follows Miene’s comedic yet
poignant journey as she navigates the frightening world around her, struggling against her fears and pain. Her
perception of life, relying on her other senses instead of sight, offers a heartwarming perspective that encourages
readers to cheer for her.
One striking feature of this work is its substantial amount of text. The book is loaded with a remarkable
amount of written content, surprising for a comic essay, filled with hand-drawn letters that create an extraordinary
rhythm between the illustrations. The combination of text and visuals is so impressive that readers often laugh out
loud when recalling its funny moments, even after closing the book.
Furthermore, the book includes notable literary references, providing insights into classic works and
figures. The rich narrative not only entertains but also evokes a profound appreciation for life and existence. A
particularly touching scene is when the lady of the house, Rina, decides to adopt Miene, extending her hand and
saying, “I will give you my twenty years”, which showcases the deep commitment one needs to take on such
responsibility.
Despite Rina’s heartfelt intentions, Miene dashes around energetically, representing the spirit of adventure
and resilience. This portrayal resonates with anyone who has faced trials but still embraces life bravely, making
the reading experience both enjoyable and meaningful. There are numerous interesting works that can make one
lose track of time, and such a unique narrative is surely not to be missed.
1．What can be inferred about Miene from paragraph 1?
A．Her story integrates struggles and warmth.
B．She fails to fit in with her new family.
C．Her disability makes her a bitter character.
D．She injured her paw while chasing a crow.
2．What sets the book apart from other comic essays?
A．It contains abundant written content.
B．It weighs visuals over written text.
C．It brings greater amusement to readers. D．It is the first to combine text and visuals.
3．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 convey?
A．Rina’s affection for classic works.
B．Rina’s commitment to animal charity.
C．Rina’s reflection on life and existence.
D．Rina’s lasting promise to attend to Miene.
4．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage?
A．To call on people to adopt homeless disabled animals.
B．To show how pictures make stories easier to understand.
C．To present a touching comic essay and analyze its highlights.
D．To prove that literary references make essays more attractive.
【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．C
【导语】文章介绍并分析了漫画随笔《My Name is Miene》的故事情节、文本特色及深刻内涵。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“The narrative follows Miene’s comedic yet poignant journey as she navigates
the frightening world around her, struggling against her fears and pain. Her perception of life, relying on her other
senses instead of sight, offers a heartwarming perspective that encourages readers to cheer for her.(故事讲述了
Miene 的喜剧而痛苦的旅程，她在周围可怕的世界中航行，与恐惧和痛苦作斗争。她对生活的感知，依赖
于她的其他感官而不是视觉，提供了一个温暖的视角，鼓励读者为她欢呼)”可知，Miene 的故事既包含了
挣扎与痛苦，也包含了温暖与治愈。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“One striking feature of this work is its substantial amount of text. The book is
loaded with a remarkable amount of written content, surprising for a comic essay, filled with hand-drawn letters
that create an extraordinary rhythm between the illustrations.(这部作品的一个显著特点是其大量的文字内容。
这本书包含了大量的文字表述，对于一部漫画式的文章来说，这样的文字量实属罕见，其中还融入了手
绘的字母，使得插图之间形成了独特的节奏感)”可知，该书与其他漫画随笔的区别在于它包含了丰富的书
面内容。
3．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“A particularly touching scene is when the lady of the house, Rina, decides to
adopt Miene, extending her hand and saying, “I will give you my twenty years”, which showcases the deep
commitment one needs to take on such responsibility.(特别感人的一幕是女主人Rina 决定收养Miene，伸出手
说：“我将给你我的二十年”，这展示了承担这种责任所需的深切承诺)”可知，这句话传达了Rina 愿意
长期照顾Miene 的承诺。
4．推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，文章第一段介绍了Miene 的故事情节，第二段分析了其大量文字的
艺术特色，第三段介绍了文学引用，第四段总结了作品的精神价值。由此可知，作者的主要目的是介绍
这部感人的漫画散文并分析其亮点。
Passage 7
Many people are choosing plant-based foods today. Drinks like oat and almond milk are very popular. But
there’s one food that still has people divided — vegan (纯素的) cheese. Many cheese lovers find it hard to accept
this replacement. Most people say it just doesn’t taste or feel like real cheese, so it hasn’t gained the same
popularity as other plant-based products.
A company in Berlin, Germany, called Formo, wants to fix that. Formo uses fermentation (发酵), a process
that helps grow healthy proteins using microbes (微生物), to turn existing vegan cheese into something creamy
and cheesy.
Raffael Wohlgensinger, who founded Formo, is a big cheese fan. He was unhappy with the vegan cheese he
found in stores. He also wanted to make cheese that is better for the planet. Regular cheese comes from cows, and
cows need a lot of space, water, and food. They also produce methane, a greenhouse gas that contributes to
climate change. But there’s a problem: most vegan cheeses are made with things like coconut oil, and they don’t
have the same melt, or taste as dairy cheese.
In 2023, Formo raised $61 million and began selling their vegan cream cheese in over 2,000 stores in
Germany. They plan to come to the U.S. in 2027 and establish a dominant presence there. Formo is also testing
precision fermentation. This is where microbes are applied to make real milk proteins without using cows. These
proteins can help the cheese melt and stretch just like dairy cheese! The hope is that one day, these tasty vegan
cheeses will be cheaper, better for the Earth, and loved by everyone — even big cheese fans.
Why is this important? Because making cheese in this new way could help protect the planet. Formo hopes
their prices will go down over time, so more people can afford vegan cheese. They believe microbes can help
make tasty, healthy, and planet-friendly cheese for the future.
1．How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1?
A．By presenting a contrast.
B．By quoting a scientific study.
C．By explaining a new technology.
D．By giving examples of popular foods.
2．Why does the author mention regular cheese?
A．To introduce the history of cheese making.
B．To explain why regular cheese is more popular.
C．To stress the difficulty of making vegan cheese.
D．To show the advantages of Formo’s vegan cheese.
3．What will Formo do in the future?
A．Stop adding coconut oil.
B．Focus on domestic market.
C．Make products more accessible.
D．Abandon precision fermentation.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Popular Plant-Based Drinks and Foods
B．Environmental Problems Caused by Cows
C．Making Tasty Vegan Cheese with Microbes
D．The Development of German Food Companies
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．C
【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了如今植物类食品广受青睐，但素奶酪因口感不佳认可度偏低。德国一家公
司借助微生物发酵技术改良素奶酪，兼顾口感与环保，还计划开拓海外市场，希望造出物美价廉的环保
素奶酪。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Many people are choosing plant-based foods today. Drinks like oat and almond
milk are very popular. But there’s one food that still has people divided — vegan (纯素的) cheese. Many cheese
lovers find it hard to accept this replacement. Most people say it just doesn’t taste or feel like real cheese, so it
hasn’t gained the same popularity as other plant-based products.( 如今，越来越多的人选择以植物为原料制作
的食物。像燕麦奶和杏仁奶这样的饮品非常受欢迎。但有一种食物却让人们意见不一——纯素奶酪。许
多奶酪爱好者难以接受这种替代品。大多数人认为它在味道和质感上都无法与真正的奶酪相媲美，因此
它并没有像其他植物性产品那样获得同样的受欢迎程度。)”可知，作者先指出燕麦奶、杏仁奶等植物基饮
品广受欢迎，再转折引出纯素奶酪却备受争议、难以被接受的现状。通过受欢迎的植物基产品与不受欢
迎的纯素奶酪之间的对比引入核心话题。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Raffael Wohlgensinger, who founded Formo, is a big cheese fan. He was
unhappy with the vegan cheese he found in stores. He also wanted to make cheese that is better for the planet.
Regular cheese comes from cows, and cows need a lot of space, water, and food. They also produce methane, a
greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change. But there’s a problem: most vegan cheeses are made with
things like coconut oil, and they don’t have the same melt, or taste as dairy cheese.( Formo 的创始人拉斐尔·沃
格根辛格是一位超级奶酪爱好者。他对商店里能找到的纯素奶酪感到不满。他还希望制作出对地球更有
益的奶酪。普通奶酪来自奶牛，而奶牛需要大量的空间、水和食物。它们还会产生甲烷，这是一种导致
气候变化的温室气体。但有一个问题：大多数纯素奶酪都是用椰子油等原料制成的，它们没有像乳制奶
酪那样具有相同的融化性和口感。)”可知，作者提到普通奶酪时，重点强调了其弊端：消耗大量土地、水
和食物资源，还会产生导致气候变化的甲烷。而 Formo 的纯素奶酪正是为了解决这些问题、生产对地球
更友好的产品而研发的。因此，提及普通奶酪是为了凸显 Formo 纯素奶酪在环保方面的优势。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In 2023, Formo raised $61 million and began selling their vegan cream cheese
in over 2,000 stores in Germany. They plan to come to the U.S. in 2027 and establish a dominant presence there.
( 2023 年，Formo 获得了 6100 万美元的投资，并开始在德国的 2000 多家商店销售他们的纯素奶油奶
酪。他们计划于 2027 年来到美国，并在那里建立主导地位。)”以及第五段中“Formo hopes their prices
will go down over time, so more people can afford vegan cheese.( Formo 希望随着时间的推移，他们的产品价
格会逐渐降低，这样更多的人就能负担得起纯素奶酪了。)”可知，Formo 未来的目标是让自己的产品更容
易被更多人获得。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了如今植物类食品广受青睐，但素奶酪因口感不佳认可度
偏低。德国一家公司借助微生物发酵技术改良素奶酪，兼顾口感与环保，还计划开拓海外市场，希望造
出物美价廉的环保素奶酪。全文围绕“用微生物技术制作美味又环保的纯素奶酪”这一核心展开，因此C
选项“用微生物制作美味的素食奶酪”最适合作为标题。
Passage 8
Most of us have experienced being introduced to someone new only to forget his name within seconds. But
why is it often easy to remember a person’s face but so difficult to remember what he’s called?
A new video explains that the phenomenon is due to the way our brains process arbitrary data. The video,
called “Why do you forget their names?”, was produced by Mitchell Moffit and Greg Brown. The pair explained
that our brains are born to recognize facial details and that specific brain cells fire in response to seeing a face.
The University of Toronto, for example, found when looking for faces in a crowd the frontal cortex ( 前额
叶皮层) sends signals to the posterior visual cortex (后视觉皮层) to enhance what the person was looking at. But
because names are random and hold no specific information in themselves, the brain struggles to remember them.
The video continued to show when meeting people for the first time, many of us focus on introducing
ourselves and this is known as the “next-in-line effect”. Instead of watching and listening to the other person, the
brain starts focusing on its own routine — what I’ll say and how I’ll say it. As a result we’re not able to take in
new information.
In an experiment by Texas Christian University, researchers asked people in a group to take turns
introducing themselves. They then tested them to see which information they remembered. A participant’s
memory was accurate for each fellow group member except for the person who spoke before them. For these
people, the participants failed to recall any or little information.
Also, brains have both short-and long-term memory and the short-term memory is often called “working
memory”. This can only hold so much information and if the brain doesn’t focus, or repeat it, the information
fades.
1．What may make names hard to remember?
A．Names are regarded as useless information.
B．There is little detailed information in names.
C．Names are specific to each individual person.
D．The human brain responds to names too slowly.
2．What do we know about the “next-in-line effect” mentioned in Paragraph 4?
A．It makes it hard to identify a person.
B．It causes a temporary loss of memory.
C．It worsens the ability to listen to others.
D．It blocks the reception of new information.
3．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 5?
A．Add some background information.
B．Introduce a new topic for discussion.
C．Explain the previous paragraph further.
D．Provide another experiment for reference.
4．What does the text mainly tell us?
A．Whether you prefer some names to others.
B．Why you cannot remember people’s names.
C．What influences your memory of specific names.
D．How much information you can get from names.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了为什么人们容易记住他人的面孔却难以记住他们的名字，
从大脑处理信息的方式、“下一个效应”以及工作记忆的局限性等方面进行了科学分析。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段“But because names are random and hold no specific information in themselves,
the brain struggles to remember them.(但因为名字是随机的，本身不包含特定信息，大脑难以记住它们)”可
知，名字难以记住是因为名字本身包含的详细信息很少。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“The video continued to show when meeting people for the first time, many of us
focus on introducing ourselves and this is known as the “next-in-line effect”. Instead of watching and listening to
the other person, the brain starts focusing on its own routine — what I’ll say and how I’ll say it. As a result we’re
not able to take in new information.(这段视频继续展示的是，在初次与人见面时，我们往往会先介绍自己，
这就是所谓的“下一个效应”。大脑不再观察和倾听对方，而是开始专注于自己的套路——我要说什么
以及怎么说。结果我们无法接收新信息)”可知，“下一个效应”阻碍了新信息的接收。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“The video continued to show when meeting people for the first time, many of us
focus on introducing ourselves and this is known as the “next-in-line effect”. (这段视频继续展示的是，在初次
与人见面时，我们往往会先介绍自己，这就是所谓的“下一个效应”)”及第五段“In an experiment by
Texas Christian University, researchers asked people in a group to take turns introducing themselves. They then
tested them to see which information they remembered.(在德克萨斯基督教大学的一项实验中，研究人员让一
组人轮流介绍自己。随后，他们对这些人进行了测试，以了解他们记住了哪些信息)”可知，第四段提出了
“下一个效应”的概念，第五段紧接着介绍了德克萨斯基督教大学的实验。由此推知，这一实验是为了
进一步解释和验证第四段提出的“下一个效应”。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章第一段以问题“为什么容易记住面孔却难以记住名字”引入，第二段介
绍视频解释该现象源于大脑处理随意数据的方式，第三段说明名字因随机性而难记，第四、五段解释
“下一个效应”，第六段补充工作记忆的局限性。由此可知，全文围绕“为什么记不住别人的名字”这
一主题展开。故选B。
Passage 9
A new robot inspired by desert tumbleweeds (风滚草) could mark the start of new exploration. The device,
called HERMES, uses passing winds to roll across the ground, which is much like the dry plant balls that wander
across deserts. The creator Sanjay Manoharan first had the idea while watching people enjoy the power of the
wind on a stormy winter day. These dry plant coverings may look random, but they travel long distances and
spread seeds effectively. Curious about their motion, Sanjay Manoharan and his team combined computer models
with wind-tunnel tests to see how such a light, open structure can move in a clear direction.
“Nature had already perfected this art long before us,” Manoharan explained. “In the upright position, the
upper half, being more open, allowed airflow to pass through freely. In contrast, the lower half was more packed
and thus offered greater resistance. This asymmetry changes how the air flows around the plant and creates
pushing forces. As a result, when the wind blows, the ball begins to roll forward.”
Using printing equipment, engineers created a lightweight shell with more holes on one side than the other.
The end result is a robot built on one of nature’s most elegant designs. In field tests, HERMES rolled in a gentle
wind, climbed slopes (斜坡) and sent back position data. It not only required far less power to cross the same
course than a robot requiring constant control, but finished the task faster than its counterpart.
However, wind is not always available. To keep the robot useful on still days, the team placed a tiny flying
device inside the shell. It can give HERMES a short push, turn it in a new direction or let it lift briefly into the air.
Most of the time, HERMES stays passive, spending no energy while the wind moves it. When motion stops, it
uses only a short burst of power, and similar designs could one day explore disaster zones, minefields or even the
windy surface of Mars.
1．Why was Sanjay Manoharan curious about tumbleweeds?
A．They are similar to some robots.
B．They can take advantage of wind.
C．They are good at spreading seeds.
D．They can make directional movement.
2．What does the underlined word “asymmetry” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Heavy core.
B．Uneven structure.
C．Natural growth.
D．Irregular movement.
3．What was HERMES’s main advantage?
A．Its superior energy efficiency.
B．Its strong climbing ability.
C．Its great positioning function.
D．Its new lightweight material.
4．What can be inferred about HERMES from the last paragraph?
A．It prioritizes speed in the rescue.
B．It relies on a small device to operate.
C．It can change its path without wind.
D．It will consume power in most cases.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。科研人员受风滚草定向随风移动的不对称结构启发，研发风力机器人
HERMES，其节能高效，还配有小装置，有望用于多地探测。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Curious about their motion, Sanjay Manoharan and his team combined computer
models with wind-tunnel tests to see how such a light, open structure can move in a clear direction.(出于对这种
结构运动方式的好奇，桑杰·马诺哈兰及其团队将计算机模型与风洞测试相结合，以探究这种轻巧、开放
式的结构是如何朝着明确的方向移动的)”可知，萨尼杰·马诺哈伦会对风滚草感到好奇是因为它们能够进
行定向移动。故选D。
2．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“In the upright position, the upper half, being more open, allowed airflow to
pass through freely. In contrast, the lower half was more packed and thus offered greater resistance.(在直立状态
下，上半部分更为敞开，使得气流能够自由通过。而下半部分则较为紧密，因此阻力更大)”可知，上下结
构疏密不同、受力不均。故划线词意思是“结构不均衡”。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段“It not only required far less power to cross the same course than a robot
requiring constant control, but finished the task faster than its counterpart.(它不仅在完成相同行程时所需的能
量要远远少于需要持续操控的机器人，而且完成任务的速度也比后者更快)”可知，HERMES 的主要优势
是其卓越的能源效率。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, wind is not always available. To keep the robot useful on still days,
the team placed a tiny flying device inside the shell. It can give HERMES a short push, turn it in a new direction
or let it lift briefly into the air. Most of the time, HERMES stays passive, spending no energy while the wind
moves it. When motion stops, it uses only a short burst of power, and similar designs could one day explore
disaster zones, minefields or even the windy surface of Mars.(然而，风并非总是能持续吹拂。为了使机器人在
无风的日子里也能发挥作用，团队在壳体内放置了一个小型飞行装置。它可以给“赫米斯”机器人短暂
地推一下、改变它的行进方向或者让它短暂地升入空中。大多数时候，“赫米斯”处于被动状态，不消
耗能量，而是在风的作用下移动。当运动停止时，它仅需短暂地释放一股动力，类似的设计或许有一天
能够用于探索灾区、雷区，甚至火星表面的强风地带)”可知，HERMES 可以在没有风的情况下改变路径。
故选C。
Passage 10
Looking at visual art can significantly improve your wellbeing, a new study confirms. This benefit is not
limited to art galleries; it can also be experienced in hospitals and even through virtual reality. The research
suggests that simply observing artworks helps people find meaning in life and promotes personal growth, a
concept known as eudemonic (与自我实现有关的) wellbeing.
The study, published in The Journal of Positive Psychology, reviewed 38 previous studies involving over
6,800 participants. Conducted by psychologists from universities in Vienna, Dublin, and Berlin, it provides the
first clear overview of how art viewing supports mental health. Unlike earlier research which was inconsistent,
this comprehensive review shows that various art forms — including paintings, photography, and sculptures —
can reduce stress and lift moods in different settings.
Experts now urge healthcare providers to include art in mental health strategies. MacKenzie Trupp, the lead
author, notes that art is often seen as a luxury. However, their findings prove it is a low-cost, accessible resource
that can serve as both a hobby and a health intervention. By changing how we view art, society can integrate it
into everyday environments to support public health.
Claire Howlin, an assistant professor involved in the study, highlights that while creating art is well-
researched, viewing it has been undervalued. Yet, art is everywhere — in museums, hospitals, and homes.
Understanding its impact can open new ways to help people cope with life’s challenges. Since 2019, the World
Health Organization has recommended using creative approaches alongside medical care to build self-esteem and
positive identities.
As health departments seek evidence on which arts suit specific medical needs, this review offers crucial
guidance. It paves the way for larger future studies, confirming that engaging with art is not just a pleasant activity
but a powerful tool for enhancing human wellbeing and finding purpose in a chaotic world.
1．What is the main advantage of viewing art according to the new study?
A．It helps people earn more money.
B．It offers a sense of life meaning.
C．It teaches skills to create paintings.
D．It replaces traditional medical treatments.
2．What can be inferred about the previous research on art viewing?
A．It was too expensive to conduct.
B．It focused only on hospital settings.
C．It lacked consistent and clear findings.
D．It proved art was merely a luxury item.
3．Why do experts suggest integrating art into public health strategies?
A．Because it is cheap and easy to get.
B．Because it requires professional training.
C．Because it is only available in galleries.
D．Because it guarantees a cure for diseases.
4．What is the author’s attitude towards the future of art in healthcare?
A．Doubtful.
B．Critical.
C．Hopeful.
D．Indifferent.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项新研究证实观赏视觉艺术能显著提升幸福感，且建议
将其纳入公共卫生策略。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The research suggests that simply observing artworks helps people find
meaning in life and promotes personal growth, a concept known as eudemonic (与自我实现有关的) wellbeing.
(研究表明，单纯地观察艺术品有助于人们在生活中找到意义，促进个人成长，这一概念被称为幸福
感。)”可知，观赏艺术的主要好处是它提供了生活意义感。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Unlike earlier research which was inconsistent, this comprehensive review
shows that various art forms — including paintings, photography, and sculptures — can reduce stress and lift
moods in different settings. (与先前不一致的研究不同，这篇全面的综述表明，各种艺术形式——包括绘画、
摄影和雕塑——可以在不同环境中减轻压力、改善情绪。)”可知，关于观赏艺术的先前研究缺乏一致和明
确的发现。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, their findings prove it is a low-cost, accessible resource that can
serve as both a hobby and a health intervention. (然而，他们的发现证明，这是一种低成本、易获取的资源，
既可以作为爱好，也可以作为健康干预手段。)”可知，专家建议将艺术纳入公共卫生策略是因为它便宜且
容易获得。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It paves the way for larger future studies, confirming that engaging with art
is not just a pleasant activity but a powerful tool for enhancing human wellbeing and finding purpose in a chaotic
world. (它为未来更大规模的研究铺平了道路，证实了参与艺术活动不仅仅是一项愉快的活动，更是提升
人类幸福感、在混乱世界中寻找目标的有力工具。)”可知，作者对艺术在医疗保健中的未来持希望的态度。
故选C。
Passage 11
Modern agriculture’s pursuit of higher yields is silently destroying the very foundation of our food system:
soil resilience ( 韧劲). This vital concept refers to the capacity of soil to resist, adapt to and recover from
disturbances — whether from routine farming or extreme environmental events such as droughts and floods. A
recent comprehensive study found that widespread intensive practices like plowing, fertilizer application, and
irrigation are steadily weakening this critical capacity. While boosting short-term production, these methods
remove precious organic matter, compact (压实) the ground, and disturb its delicate ecosystem. Consequently,
soils become less able to cope with stresses, leading to worsening erosion ( 侵蚀) and declining long-term
productivity.
The research, published in the journal NPJ Sustainable Agriculture, identifies several severe threats. The
foremost is erosion driven by over-ploughing and deforestation, which removes fertile layers that took centuries to
develop. Other major risks include pollution from pesticides and microplastics, as well as compaction from heavy
machinery. Scientists emphasize that soil supports around 95% of global food production and stores more carbon
than all the world’s forests combined and the decline of it is therefore a profound environmental crisis.
According to lead author Dr. Alison Carswell, healthy resilient soils are central not only to the foundation
of food security but also to biodiversity and climate stability. She cautions that many current practices risk
pushing farming systems toward permanent “tipping points” of collapse — points of no return — threatening
global trade and stability. These complex challenges demand our attention.
The path forward requires farmers to balance immediate productivity with long-term soil health.
Alternatives ranging from conservation farming to integrated pest management can help restore resilience.
However, most solutions involve difficult choices, or difficult compromises, demanding a strategic shift in land
management. With the UN estimating one-third of global soils already damaged, and food demand rising, the call
for change is increasingly urgent. This pressing issue affects everyone. As Dr. Carswell concludes, “Breaking the
cycle of soil damage is possible, but it demands a fundamental rethinking — prioritizing resilience for the coming
decades, not just the next season.”
1．How does the author explain soil resilience?
A．By giving examples.
B．By defining it directly.
C．By making a comparison.
D．By citing research findings.
2．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 2?
A．Food production.
B．Carbon storage.
C．The forest. D．The soil.
3．What does Dr. Carswell advocate?
A．Valuing present farming methods.
B．Prioritizing short-term productivity.
C．Focusing on long-term soil health.
D．Raising farming productivity greatly.
4．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Modern Agriculture Is Destroying Soil.
B．Technology Is Revolutionizing Farming.
C．Land Management Needs Urgent Change.
D．Food Security Requires Rethinking Now.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了现代农业追求高产的做法正在悄然破坏土壤的韧性。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“This vital concept refers to the capacity of soil to resist, adapt to and recover
from disturbances — whether from routine farming or extreme environmental events such as droughts and floods.
(这个至关重要的概念指的是土壤抵抗、适应和从干扰中恢复的能力——无论是来自常规农业还是极端环
境事件，如干旱和洪水。)”可知，作者直接用下定义的方法解释了土壤韧性。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Scientists emphasize that soil supports around 95% of global food production
and stores more carbon than all the world’s forests combined and the decline of it is therefore a profound
environmental crisis.(科学家强调，土壤支持着全球约95%的粮食生产，储存的碳比世界上所有森林的总和
还要多，因此它的衰退是一场深刻的环境危机。)”可知，it 指代的是前文提到的“soil”，即土壤。故选
D。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The path forward requires farmers to balance immediate productivity with
long-term soil health.(前进的道路要求农民平衡短期生产力和长期土壤健康。)”和“Breaking the cycle of
soil damage is possible, but it demands a fundamental rethinking — prioritizing resilience for the coming decades,
not just the next season.(打破土壤破坏的循环是可能的，但这需要从根本上重新思考——优先考虑未来几
十年的韧性，而不仅仅是下一个季节。)”可知，Carswell 博士主张关注长期土壤健康。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Modern agriculture’s pursuit of higher yields is silently destroying the very
foundation of our food system: soil resilience.(现代农业对高产的追求正在悄然破坏我们粮食系统的基础：土
壤韧性。)”和文章接下来详细阐述了现代农业对土壤的破坏以及改变土地管理方式的紧迫性可知，文章主
要讨论的是现代农业正在破坏土壤。故选A。
Passage 12
High school students are on the point of entering a very different job market from previous generations.
Tech and economic experts mostly agree that AI will change many jobs and may make some disappear
completely. And basic jobs are likely to be influenced early in this change. Although employment is still rather
high among all groups, it has dropped a little for 20-to 24-year-olds recently.
Dario Amodei, CEO of a tech company, believes that AI could take away as many as half of all simple
white-collar (白领的) jobs within the next few years, though other people in the tech industry expect smaller
changes. Finding a job in computer science — a field that until recently was seen as a great way to get a well-paid
and steady job — has already become much more competitive, as AI does more of that work, thus narrowing
down the job chances.
Meanwhile, high schools are trying their best to decide how to teach students about AI and whether
students should be allowed to use it in their studies. Many students are using it whether they are allowed to or not.
A 2024 Pew Research Center study shows that half of US teens said they had used ChatGPT to do their
homework. All this is changing how some young people plan for college and their jobs. Some are choosing to
work in practical fields like healthcare that seem more reliable, while others are learning how to use AI in their
future jobs.
If you ask people working in tech, they will probably tell you that learning to use AI is the best way for
high school students to prepare for a successful and long-term job. “AI may not take your job, but someone who
has AI skills will take it instead,” said Colette Stallbaumer, general manager of Microsoft 365 Copilot. With this
opinion, she asks students to think carefully: “Are you using AI to try new ideas? To make an app? Are you even
using it as a study tool?”
1．What are high school students facing?
A．A sudden economic depression.
B．A distinct employment situation.
C．A new job market full of chances.
D．A dramatic change in labor work.
2．Why are jobs in computer science more competitive?
A．They decrease in number.
B．They demand higher skills.
C．They attract fewer learners.
D．They become less well-paid.
3．What can be inferred about US teens?
A．They tend to choose AI in practical domains. B．They are allowed to adopt AI in their exams.
C．Their plans for their future are free of AI use. D．Their reliance on AI can shape their options.
4．What is Colette Stallbaumer’s attitude to students’ AI use?
A．Critical.
B．Objective.
C．Supportive.
D．Disapproving.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍AI 改变就业市场，影响高中生规划，并给出应对建议。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“High school students are on the point of entering a very different job market
from previous generations. (高中生即将进入一个与前几代人截然不同的就业市场。)”可知，高中生面临的
是一种截然不同的就业情况。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Finding a job in computer science — a field that until recently was seen as a
great way to get a well-paid and steady job — has already become much more competitive, as AI does more of
that work, thus narrowing down the job chances. (在计算机科学领域找工作——这个领域直到最近还被认为
是获得高薪稳定工作的好方法——已经变得更具竞争力，因为人工智能承担了更多的工作，从而减少了
工作机会。)”可知，计算机科学领域的工作机会减少，导致竞争更加激烈。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“All this is changing how some young people plan for college and their jobs.
Some are choosing to work in practical fields like healthcare that seem more reliable, while others are learning
how to use AI in their future jobs. (所有这一切都在改变一些年轻人对大学和职业的规划。一些人选择在医
疗保健等看起来更可靠的实用领域工作，而另一些人则在学习如何在未来的工作中使用人工智能。)”可推
断，美国青少年对人工智能的依赖会影响他们的选择。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““AI may not take your job, but someone who has AI skills will take it
instead,” said Colette Stallbaumer, general manager of Microsoft 365 Copilot. With this opinion, she asks students
to think carefully: “Are you using AI to try new ideas? To make an app? Are you even using it as a study tool?”
(微软365Copilot 总经理Colette Stallbaumer 说：“人工智能可能不会取代你的工作，但拥有人工智能技能
的人会取代你。” 基于这一观点，她要求学生认真思考：“你是在用人工智能尝试新想法吗？用来制作
应用程序吗？你甚至把它当作学习工具来用吗？”)”可知，Colette Stallbaumer 鼓励学生学习使用人工智
能，因此她的态度是支持的。故选C。
Passage 13
As the world’s demand for electricity keeps rising, driven by data centers, advanced factories and electric
transport, scientists are searching for ways to consume electricity more productively rather than simply producing
more of it. In the United States, researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory have now developed a
tiny but powerful device that may help meet this challenge. Called ULIS, the new power module ( 模块) can
deliver more energy, waste less, and take up far less space than traditional systems.
A power module controls how electricity flows between different parts of a system. What makes ULIS
special is its use of silicon carbide, a material that allows electricity to switch on and off extremely fast. Thanks to
this, ULIS can pack about five times more power into the same space as older designs. Smaller and lighter, it can
also operate more efficiently, meaning that more of the available electricity is turned into useful energy instead of
being lost as heat.
Even more impressive is its “ultra-low inductance”. In simple terms, this means that electrical resistance
inside the device is greatly reduced, so currents can change direction quickly and smoothly. As a result, ULIS
converts (转化) power with much higher efficiency. Not only does this save energy, but it also lowers costs, since
less cooling and fewer heavy materials are needed.
Reliability is another key feature. Built to work in tough conditions, ULIS can monitor itself and warn of
possible failures in advance. Such ability gives it a significant competitive edge in being used in aircraft and even
military equipment, where a small fault can lead to serious consequences.
To make production easier and cheaper, the researchers will redesign the module into a flat, compact (紧凑
的) structure and replace current materials with flexible ones. This will allow ULIS to be produced with common
tools at much lower cost. It can even be controlled wirelessly, making it easy to connect with different systems.
Looking ahead, ULIS could be used in data centers, electric planes, and future energy networks. By generating
more usable power from the same supply, this tiny device shows how smart design, rather than simply more fuel,
may shape the future of global energy.
1．Why is ULIS designed?
A．To use power more efficiently.
B．To produce more electricity.
C．To cut down transportation costs.
D．To store energy for long-term use.
2．What does paragraph 2 focus on?
A．The components of ULIS.
B．The advantages of silicon carbide.
C．The function of power modules.
D．The secret behind ULIS’ superiority.
3．What makes ULIS a good choice for aircraft?
A．Its flexibility.
B．Its lightweight design.
C．Its early warning system.
D．Its high-speed current switching.
4．What is the researchers’ next move?
A．To test the current wireless version.
B．To upgrade the device for wider use.
C．To abandon common tools to cut ULIS costs.
D．To replace silicon carbide with cheaper metals.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家开发出一种名为ULIS 的新型电力模块，该模块能更
高效地利用电力，具有多种优势并有望应用于多个领域。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Called ULIS, the new power module (模块) can deliver more energy, waste
less, and take up far less space than traditional systems.(这种名为ULIS 的新型电力模块比传统系统能输送更
多能量，浪费更少，占用空间也更小。)”以及第二段中“Smaller and lighter, it can also operate more
efficiently, meaning that more of the available electricity is turned into useful energy instead of being lost as heat.
(它更小更轻，运行效率也更高，这意味着更多的可用电力被转化为有用的能量，而不是以热量的形式散
失。)”可知，ULIS 的设计是为了更有效地利用电力。故选A。
2．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“What makes ULIS special is its use of silicon carbide, a material that allows
electricity to switch on and off extremely fast. Thanks to this, ULIS can pack about five times more power into the
same space as older designs.(ULIS 的特别之处在于它使用了碳化硅，这种材料能让电力开关速度极快。多
亏了这一点，ULIS 可以在与旧设计相同的空间内装入大约五倍的功率。)”可知，第二段主要讲述了ULIS
优越性背后的秘密。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Built to work in tough conditions, ULIS can monitor itself and warn of
possible failures in advance. Such ability gives it a significant competitive edge in being used in aircraft and even
military equipment, where a small fault can lead to serious consequences.(ULIS 被设计成能在恶劣条件下工作，
能够自我监控并提前预警可能的故障。这种能力使它在飞机甚至军事装备中具有显著的竞争优势，因为
一个小故障都可能导致严重后果。)”可知，ULIS 的预警系统使其成为飞机的良好选择。故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“To make production easier and cheaper, the researchers will redesign the
module into a flat, compact (紧凑的) structure and replace current materials with flexible ones.(为了使生产更容
易、更便宜，研究人员将把模块重新设计成扁平紧凑的结构，并用柔性材料替换当前的材料。)”可知，研
究人员的下一步行动是升级该设备以供更广泛地使用。故选B。
Passage 14
The concept of the “Monday Blues” is widely recognized, but its profound biological impact is only now
being fully understood. Beyond the typical groan that greets the workweek, Mondays are statistically linked to
increased anxiety, stress, and even serious health risks like heart attacks. Recent research has moved past
documenting this pattern to uncovering its deep-seated physiological roots, revealing that Monday stress can leave
a lasting mark on the body.
A key study focused on cortisol (皮质醇), the body’s primary stress hormone (激素). Researchers used data
from a large long-term study of older adults, combining self-reported anxiety levels with a novel biological
measure: cortisol extracted from hair samples. This method uniquely captures total stress exposure over months,
moving beyond fleeting daily changes to assess long-term physiological burden.
The findings were significant. Individuals who reported feeling anxious specifically on Mondays showed,
on average, 23% higher long-term cortisol levels compared to those anxious on other days. Strikingly, this effect
was not limited to current workers; it persisted strongly among retirees. This suggests the “Monday effect” goes
beyond immediate job pressures, potentially becoming a deep-rooted, lifelong stress response.
Why does Monday have such a unique influence? Experts propose several explanations. The sudden
transition from weekend freedom to weekly structure creates inner stress. Additionally, Mondays often bring
heightened uncertainty about the week ahead, a known driver of anxiety. For some, this weekly cycle may disturb
the body’s stress system over decades, raising long-term risks for conditions like cardiovascular disease ( 心血管
疾病) and depression.
These insights transform Monday stress from a minor trouble into a potential public health concern. They
emphasize the need for targeted interventions, such as mindfulness practices or structured weekend transitions, to
reduce this weekly peak. Future research aiming to identify why some individuals remain resilient (心理韧性)
could pave the way for personalized strategies, helping people start the week with greater resilience rather than
weakening stress.
1．Why did the researchers analyze cortisol from hair samples?
A．Because hair samples can show a person’s stress level instantly.
B．Because it is a cheaper and faster way than traditional blood tests.
C．Because it can clearly distinguish between work stress and life stress.
D．Because this method can measure total stress exposure over a long period.
2．Why did the study include both working people and retirees?
A．To prove that retirees have a lower stress level overall.
B．To compare stress hormone levels between different age groups.
C．To test whether the “Monday effect” is only related to job pressure.
D．To find out which group benefits more from mindfulness practices.
3．Which of the following is a suggested way to reduce Monday stress?
A．Taking longer vacations every month.
B．Changing jobs to avoid Monday work pressure.
C．Ignoring the weekly schedule and following one’s own rhythm.
D．Adopting mindfulness or creating a smoother transition into the new week.
4．What does the author think of “Monday stress”?
A．A minor personal trouble that most people can ignore.
B．A serious public health issue that needs attention and action.
C．A psychological problem only for those who are weak-minded.
D．A temporary trend that will disappear as work patterns change.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了周一焦虑的生理根源、影响及应对建议。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“This method uniquely captures total stress exposure over months, moving
beyond fleeting daily changes to assess long-term physiological burden. (这种方法独特地捕捉了数月内的总体
压力暴露情况，超越了转瞬即逝的日常变化，从而评估长期的生理负担。)”可知，研究人员分析头发样本
中的皮质醇是因为这种方法可以测量长期的总压力暴露。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Strikingly, this effect was not limited to current workers; it persisted strongly
among retirees. This suggests the “Monday effect” goes beyond immediate job pressures, potentially becoming a
deep-rooted, lifelong stress response. (值得注意的是，这种影响不仅限于在职员工；在退休人员中，这种影
响依然强烈。这表明“周一效应”超出了直接的工作压力，可能成为一种根深蒂固的、终生的压力反
应。)”可知，研究包括在职人员和退休人员是为了测试“周一效应”是否只与工作压力有关。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“They emphasize the need for targeted interventions, such as mindfulness
practices or structured weekend transitions, to reduce this weekly peak. (他们强调需要有针对性的干预措施，
比如正念训练或有序的周末过渡，以缓解这种每周一次的压力高峰。)”可知，建议的缓解周一压力的方法
是采取正念练习或创造更平滑的周末到工作日的过渡。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“These insights transform Monday stress from a minor trouble into a
potential public health concern. (这些见解让周一压力从一个小困扰，变成了一个潜在的公共健康问题。)”
可知，作者认为周一压力是需要关注和应对的严重公共健康问题。故选B。
Passage 15
Are you a logical, precise thinker or more free-spirited and artistic? If you believe you’re the former, you
might be labeled “left-brained”; if the latter, then “right-brained.” The belief that the right brain is for creativity
and the left is for analytical thinking and that our individual characteristics are determined by which half is
dominant (主导的) is widespread in popular psychology. It has even given rise to a small industry of self-help
books, personality tests and training materials that claim to help you improve your brain functions.
However, the idea that people are either left-brained or right-brained is a myth. Although we all obviously
have different personalities and talents, modern brain research hasn’t found any evidence of left or right brain
dominance. One serious problem of this view is its one-sided definition of human abilities. Math, for instance,
which requires logical thought, is generally associated with the left brain, but it is also a profoundly creative
activity. So would a gifted mathematician be a right-brained person or a left-brained person? Likewise, artistic
creativity isn’t just uncontrolled emotion. Many of the greatest works of art are products of thorough, precise
thought.
Like many modern myths, the myth of right-brained and left-brained people is rooted in a bit of real
science. Much of our knowledge in this area comes from the 1940s’ study of so-called split brain patients, whose
brain hemispheres (半球) were surgically separated to treat severe diseases. The study showed that the right half
was better at spatial tasks, while the left was better at language and problem-solving. However, the real division of
labor is far more complex than creativity on the right and logic on the left.
Then, why do so many people believe it? It may have something to do with our seemingly unlimited desire
to sort ourselves into simple “types”. It works in a similar way to the famous psychological phenomenon known
as the Barnum Effect: when people are offered general personality descriptions that seem specially individualized
for them, such as those in MBTI test, they tend to accept them as meaningful and accurate — particularly if the
descriptions are positives. The myth is popular, in the end, because it gives us a “scientific” way to talk about our
favorite subject — ourselves.
1．What is probably the meaning of the underlined word “myth” in Para. 2?
A．A false belief.
B．A mysterious idea.
C．An imaginary concept.
D．An ancient story.
2．What can be known about a gifted mathematician?
A．His left brain is dominant.
B．His right brain is dominant.
C．Both brains are equally strong.
D．Neither of his brains is strong.
3．Why do so many people believe the left-brain/right-brain theory?
A．It satisfies their mental needs.
B．It uses the Barnum Effect.
C．It gives an accurate description.
D．It offers positive feedback.
4．Which best describes the left-brain/right-brain theory?
A．It is scientifically proven.
B．It is rather oversimplified.
C．It is highly objective.
D．It is entirely groundless.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“左脑或右脑主导”这一流行观点是误解，并解释了其来源及
人们相信的原因。
1．词句猜测题。根据第二段“However, the idea that people are either left-brained or right-brained is a myth.
Although we all obviously have different personalities and talents, modern brain research hasn’t found any
evidence of left or right brain dominance. (然而，认为人们要么是左脑型，要么是右脑型的想法是一个
myth。尽管我们显然都有不同的个性和才能，但现代大脑研究并没有发现任何左脑或右脑主导的证据。)”
可知，现代大脑研究并没有发现任何左脑或右脑主导的证据，所以人们要么是左脑型，要么是右脑型的
想法是一个错误的观念，myth 指的是一个错误的观念。故选A 项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Math, for instance, which requires logical thought, is generally associated with
the left brain, but it is also a profoundly creative activity. So would a gifted mathematician be a right-brained
person or a left-brained person? (例如，数学需要逻辑思维，通常与左脑有关，但它也是一项极具创造性的
活动。那么，一个有天赋的数学家是右脑型的人还是左脑型的人呢？)”可知，不能简单地说数学家是左脑
型或右脑型的人，即不能确定其哪一侧大脑更占优势，可推测出其两侧大脑可能同样发达。故选C 项。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Then, why do so many people believe it? It may have something to do with our
seemingly unlimited desire to sort ourselves into simple “types”. (那么，为什么这么多人相信它呢？这可能与
我们似乎无限的将自己归为简单“类型”的愿望有关。)”可知，许多人相信左脑/右脑理论是因为它满足
了他们将自己归为简单“类型”的心理需求。故选A 项。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段“One serious problem of this view is its one-sided definition of human abilities.
(这种观点的一个严重问题是它对人类能力的一边倒的定义。)”以及第三段“However, the real division of
labor is far more complex than creativity on the right and logic on the left. (然而，真正的分工远比右脑的创造
力和左脑的逻辑复杂得多。)”可知，左脑/右脑理论对人类能力的定义过于片面和简单，实际上大脑的分
工要复杂得多。故选B 项。
