文档内容
押北京卷第 40-43 题
阅读表达
2021-2023年北京卷阅读表达考情统计
年份 体裁 类别 主题
2023年 说明文 人与社会 主要介绍了了解习惯是如何养成的有助于改掉坏习惯
2022年 记叙文 人与自我 汤姆利用自己的智慧成功解决了人们喝太多含糖饮料的问题
2021年 说明文 人与自我 如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全消除
阅读表达属于主观题，它既考查考生对语篇的理解能力，又考查考生的英语书面表达能力，考查的主
要目的是理解、归纳、该题型的测试目的是从多方位多角度考查考生通过阅读获取信息、处理信息并进行
书面表达的能力。不但选材新颖、时代性强，而且体裁多样、结构严谨、层次分明，其开放性试题的设置
也给予考生一个充分的发散思维的空间和表达空间。试题以记叙文或者夹叙夹议为主，难度系数较低，适
中。
题型特点：
1. 阅读表达题则是主观的，这不仅需要考生将文章理解，还需要将自己对文章的理解通过自己的语言表达
出来，而且要受到字数的限制。这就是说阅读理解只是不仅要求学生理解文章和题目而且要把文章中的信
息用自己的语言表达出来，是一种信息的输出。
2. 阅读表达的文章较为简单，生词少。
3. 在阅读表达中，题型和题目的设置是比较固定的，包括主旨概括、填空、翻译句子、同意句替换、封闭
性问题、开放性问题(个人观点描述)、其他类型等七种类型，答案往往是不唯一的。
命题规律：3:1:1（3道找出处，1道猜词义，1道开放性）(2023北京)
Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as
they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be
helpful in changing bad habits.
Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of
pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal.
Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触发) by these
cues.
A “habit loop(环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are
called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating,
which produces the reward—the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not
necessarily performed in response to a deep-rooted urge, as a habit is.
Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s
possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including
the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pick up a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many
months to build a healthy habit.
Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re-evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t).
Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values.
1. How are habits built?
2. In what way is a routine different from a habit?
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Picking up a new habit takes a few weeks, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.
4. What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits?(In about 40 words)细节表达题：
题目要求：要求考生能扑捉并理解文章中出现的具体信息，并结合文中的具体要求进行回答。设问形式此
类问题的设置通常基于文章自身内容，常用what, why, how等特殊疑问词进行提问。
①问题形式：Why ..? 回答形式：Because＋句子（表示原因）; Because of ＋名词性短语（表示原因）; To
+动词原形（表示目的）; In order to +动词原形（表示目的）。
②问题形式：What ...? 回答形式：完整的句子；名词（短语）；动名词（短语）
③问题形式：列举性问题。回答形式：名词（短语）；动名词（短语）。
④问题形式：How ...?（询问方式）。回答形式：By ( doing )..；完整的句子。
解题技巧：
解该类题时，首先要仔细审题，然后根据题干中出现的关键词快速、准确地在文章中定位相应的语
句，结合该语句（或其上下句）的内容，用正确的格式进行回答，答案内容往往是固定的、唯一的。
主旨表达题：
1. 题目要求：①概括全文或文中某一段的大意；②给文章拟一个恰当的标题。
2. 设问形式：① What’s the main idea of the passage / Paragraph ...?② What’s the passage mainly about?
③ What’s the best title for the passage?
常用的回答形式有：
①名词短语／动名词短语；
②名词＋后置定语；名词＋定语从句；名词＋同位语从句；
③名词性从句或“疑问词＋不定式”: What .../ Why ... How .../ How to...?
解题技巧：
考生在回答该类问题时，要善于归纳文章、语段的主旨大意；善于查找文章中的主题段、主题句、关键词
和核心词。
推断表达题
设问形式：① What’s the purpose of the text?② For what purpose does the author mention ... in Paragraph ...?
③ What does the author really mean by saying ...?④ What kind of attitude does the author have towards ...?
⑤ What does ... imply?⑥ What can we learn from the text?
解题技巧：
①要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的线索。
②要对文字的表面信息进行由表及里的挖掘加工，不能断章取义，以偏概全。
③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知，推断未知。
④不能主观臆想，也不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点
⑤了解语篇结构，重视文章的主旨，体会文章基调，所写答案的内容一定要立足于语篇内容和主旨。
⑥把握句子间和段落间的逻辑关系，把握逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音，揣摩出作者的态度。⑦回答要紧扣题目，语言既要完整，又要简洁，不要超过规定词数。
猜词表达题
设问形式：① What’s the meaning of the underlined word / phrase / part in the ... paragraph?② What does the
underlined part in the ... paragraph mean?
常用的回答形式有：
① To show / inform us that ...,
② To give us useful tips / advice / suggestions on how to ...;
③ To encourage / persuade us to ...
④ 相近含义、相同词性的单词；完整、直白、简短的句子。
解题技巧：
结合文章主旨大意、整合上下文语境信息进行猜测，借助画线词后面破折号所给出的解释、同位语、定语
从句等来确定词义，构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号、冒号、破折号和小括号等连接；定语从句在文
中起着解释和说明的作用。还要利用同义或者反义关系、构词法及语篇文脉关系等理解猜测其含义有些题
目需要对较大的上下文范围进行理解，甚至通过理解整个语篇,来进行猜测判断。
开放题
开放性问题(个人观点描述)，答案往往是不唯一。但回答问题时用词尽量简练，不能出现拼写和语法错
误。
一
(2024届北京门市头沟区高三一模)
The first pairs of jeans were designed for blue-collar workers. Over the course of the 20th century, the
working-class pants have transformed into fashion icons and become popular around the world. However, each new
pair you buy has a much higher cost than you might think.
Every pair of jeans takes about 0.7 kilograms of cotton. Growing this much cotton requires roughly 10,000
liters of water, not to mention various herbicides and pesticides, which can pollute groundwater. Typically, plastic
fibers are mixed with cotton threads to increase comfort and flexibility. In order to dye the cloth, chemical sprays
and several cycles of acid-washing are adopted, discharging toxic pollutants into rivers and even turn them into
indigo-blue. Also, there are the zippers, buttons, and rivets made of copper and other metals, whose mining is yet
another source of environmental degradation. All in all, the manufacturing (制造) process for a single pair of jeans
emits over 33 kilograms of carbon — the equivalent of driving over 110 kilometers.Like many globally produced products, jeans are made in poor countries and bought in rich ones. Much of the
world’s cotton is grown in developing countries, with poor labor practices and few protections for workers. Cotton
here is often picked by children or forced labor. And their health may be threatened by poisonous chemicals during
production. Because of the fast-paced and rough manufacturing with unnatural materials, today, most pairs last no
longer than a year. Like most waste, discarded jeans end up in landfills, where their decomposition releases
greenhouse gas. Some governments are pursuing policies to make companies more responsible for worker pay and
welfare, but unsustainable practices still run crazy throughout the fashion industry.
40. Who may be the first consumers of jeans?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
41. Why are plastic fibers used when pairs of jeans are made?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Jeans are made in poor countries, where workers’ health is well protected.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
43. What suggestions would you give to reduce the damage caused by jeans? (In about 40 words)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
二
(2024届北京市东城区等5区高三下学期一模)
In order to fit in and make friends in a new school, Amanda observed how her classmates behaved and
interacted with each other. Gradually, she perfectly adopted the mannerisms of the classmates around her, laughing
at their jokes, nodding in agreement with their opinions, hiding herself into someone she thought others wanted her
to be. We’ve all done these. This is social masking, the process of holding back or hiding our natural way of
interacting with others so we can feel accepted.
In a world that often tells us to just be ourselves, you might wonder why many of us rely on social masking.
“Social masking happens because we as a species want to be included,” says psychologist Dipti Tait. “It’s a tribal
(群体的) thing of being together rather than being on our own. We all have certain masks to protect ourselves from
exposure and difference.” While masking can help us deal with social situations, it can also come with negative
consequences. Hiding our behaviours and interests constantly can lead to a strong feeling of separation,
disconnection, and internal conflict. As a result, we may experience a heightened and increased possibility of
developing depression as westruggle to understand social situations and signs that others take for granted.Fortunately, a mask is not our own skin. We may feel extremely tired after social engagements and want to
spend time alone in order to feel like ourselves. “The goal is to feel safe enough to remove the mask,” says Tait.
“It’s crucial for individuals to receive acceptance and support for who they are, rather than feeling like they need to
hide their true selves in order to fit in.”
40. What is social masking?
_____________________________________________________________
41. Why do many of us rely on social masking?
_____________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
When people struggle to understand social situations that others consider normal, they will feel less depressed.
_____________________________________________________________
43. In addition to masking, what else can you do to fit in when you are in a new environment? (In about 40 words)
_____________________________________________________________
三
(2024届北京市西城区高三下学期一模)
In a fast-paced world, where stress and mental tiredness seem commonplace, we’re constantly looking for new
ways to unwind. People may carry out a variety of activities to help them relax. But what about the birdsongs or
other nature sounds? Could they also help people to let go of the tensions of modern life?
According to a study by King’s College London in 2022, seeing or hearing birds could help to boost the
mental wellbeing of people. Taking a trip to places rich in birdlife like parks, forests and canals and encountering
birds singing to each other in the trees could even help to treat some mental health conditions. And it’s not just birds
that could have a curative effect on our moods. Another study conducted by the National Trust compared the effects
of woodland sounds with voiced meditation (冥想) apps. The study found listening to birdsong as well as other
woodland sounds like leaves crunching underfoot or the gentle flow of a stream boosted feelings of relaxation 30%
more than the apps do. Other sounds which may help to cool people down are waves lapping on the shore, gentle
wind, and light rainfall.
However, not all of us live in rural surroundings, and depending on where we live, a trip to the countryside to
see birds may not be an option. But could the nature sounds that originate there still help you? According to
research by California Polytechnic State University, even a recording of the sounds of birds had a profound effect
on people’s mood, while other studies saw people listening to soundscapes of the coast and forests with similaroutcomes to their wellbeing.
So, wherever you live, you can access the wonderful sounds of birds and nature during a stroll through a wood
or via some headphones. And maybe listening to the chirps, trills, warbles and whistles of some birds could help
you to relax after a long, hard day.
40. What did the study by King’s College London in 2022 find?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
41. How did the National Trust conduct the study?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
According to the passage, birds singing, voiced meditation apps and the recording of the sounds of nature have the
same effect on people’s mood.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
43. Besides what is mentioned in the passage, what do you usually do to help you relax in your daily life? (In about
40 words)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
四
阅读下面短文，根据题后要求回答问题。
Fashion’s Melt Down
Throwaway culture is trashing the planet—but one young chemical engineer has her own way to turn it over.
Fast fashion has changed the way we dress. We buy more clothes, more often–but we wear them less. Alina
Bassi, founder of Kleiderly, wants to give our clothing waste another chance at a useful life.
Bassi has always cared about the threat of climate change, but she actually started her career in the oil
industry. After a few years, she landed at bio-bean, a startup that turned waste coffee grounds into products that
could be burnt for heat and fuel. After a year, Bassi was keen to branch out—used coffee grounds are not the
biggest threat facing the planet. Instead, she poured her efforts into tackling a much bigger global polluter: the
fashion industry.
According to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, we produce 100 billion items of clothing per year, and this is
set to double by 2050. But they don’t last long enough to offset(抵消) the carbon cost of producing the material,
creating the clothes, and then shipping them to customers. “It makes no sense that we have such a high carbon
footprint for something so short-lived.” Bassi says.
Using the principles of a circular economy, Bassi has developed a low-energy, multi-stage process to turnclothing fibres into an alternative to oil-based plastic. This new plastic can then be used by manufacturers in their
existing machines, so that your old T-shirts and jeans will become different products instead of clothes, such as
clothing hangers, or even furniture.
Fashion companies have some other ways to reduce fashion waste, from creating clothes designed to last, to
recycling the fabric to make more clothing. But “a problem this big needs multiple solutions,” Bassi says. “We
think about the multiple lives of a product and how we can keep reusing it instead of letting it fall into landfills or
incinerators (焚化炉),” she says.
1．Why did Bassi switch her focus to the fashion industry?
2．How did she tackle the problems caused by the fashion industry?
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
● Kleiderly can change old jackets and trousers into a new material, which can be used to make more
clothing.
4．Please briefly present your own solution(s) to the throwaway problem in daily life. (about 40 words)
五
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
They say to find out what you really want, go back to when you were a child.
When I was a kid, I really wanted to be a painter, but I was never great at it. I was discouraged, because in art
classes my paintings were never the most beautiful. In the third grade, we were given a project to create a portrait. I
used the skills and tips we were all taught in class. After we were done, we presented our portraits. We stood in
front of the class and explained our technique. I remember looking at other portraits thinking,“We were given the
same skills, why do theirs look so professional and mine looks so amateur?”
But I still really enjoyed painting because it’s a forgiving art. If I don’t like what I’ve put on paper, I can paint
over it. I can mix colors and make new ones. Also, I can release some creative juices, use what has inspired me and
allow that to pour out of me in a way I may not have imagined.
But because I have always wanted to paint beautiful pictures, I just decided to change what beauty looked like.
I changed what beauty meant to me.Throughout school, they taught us about Picasso, van Gogh and da Vinci, and I never saw myself or my art in
their works. These artists were always painting whatever was in front of them and around them. But that’s not what
I saw around me.
Then I learned about Basquiat, who inspired me to paint abstract pictures. I paint when I’m moved, and I am
often moved by what’s natural:emotions, nature, and other forms of art. I am also very moved by pain. When there
is pain in the world or in my heart, it can be unbearable. I had a conversation with an activist in St.Louis named
Spook, and I explained to her this feeling and she told me,“Pain is energy. You have to learn how to channel that
energy into something productive.”So sometimes I channel that pain into art, into a painting.
Even if the picture doesn’t turn out aesthetically (美学地) pleasing by society’s standards, it’s still beautiful
that I was able to create something. My paintings may not be a Basquiat, but they’re mine, so I love them anyway.
1．What did the author find after the portrait presentation?
2．What factors motivated the author to keep his passion for arts?
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The author has always wanted to paint beautiful pictures, so he tried to meet society’s standards.
4．Besides painting,what other art form would you use to express beauty? And explain why.(In about 40 words)
六
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Brain, 58, was treated in intensive care for a severe case. As soon as his condition had stabilized, he was sent
home with equipment including a phone and a blood pressure monitor.
“Every day I would input my vital signs on the app,” Brain said. “If anything went wrong or wasn’t right, a
nurse would call me straight away.”
Brain spent six weeks on this “virtual ward (病房)”, run by his local NHS hospital in partnership with Doccla,
a healthcare technology company. He is one of thousands of patients to have been treated in new “hospitals at
home”, seen by NHS leaders as a “lifeline” for overwhelmed hospitals that have run out of beds. 2,500 virtual ward
beds were already in use, ensuring that people could “get the care they need from their own homes”.
Retz, founder of Docile, said soon there could be “regional command centers”, where a doctor or nurse
monitored data from hundreds of patients displayed on a dashboard. “It works in a similar way to traditional wardrounds in a hospital, with patients submitting data once or twice a day, which is reviewed by a doctor,” he said.
Noel O’Kelly, clinical director at Spirit Health, said, “Older people want to spend as little time in hospital as
possible and avoid hospital visits, particularly as frequent visits and long periods of time spent in hospital can be
damaging to the health of older patients. We have already seen very encouraging results from the use of virtual
wards for older patients.”
Virtual wards allow real potential to support people to recover well in the community. The model is not a
silver bullet and health leaders are mindful that it should not worsen health inequalities, but it could present a vital
lifeline for the system.
1．How was Brain treated after his condition stabilized?
2．What do “regional command centers” and traditional ward rounds have in common?
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
> Older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because medical resources in hospitals are
limited.
4．Besides what’s mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s) do you think virtual hospitals may have? (In
about 40 words)
七
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
With society’s high pressures to achieve, it’s understandable that individuals prefer to hide their weak points—
but doing so comes at a cost.
I learned that lesson when I participated in a hiking expedition. As a new hiker, I struggled. The trip was
difficult to me even without needing to carry my heavy camping packs. I was slowed down, yet I refused to tell my
teammates in hopes that I would seem perseverant. To my delight and surprise, one of the more active members
requested that we stop for a break. I quickly realized I wasn’t the only one hiding my weaknesses after noticing the
rest of the team’s apparent relief.
For many of us, authenticity, or behaving as one’s true self in daily life, is quite challenging. As social beings,
we’ve learned to adapt and fit into our environment, making it challenging to display who we are at times. Yet, theadvantage of authenticity is evident, driving its recent popularity among thought leaders. Authenticity even
improved my hiking experience—the moment my group admitted to our shortcomings was when we started
working better as a team. So, can being ourselves not only help us work better, but help those who workaround us?
The truth is, it can.
Researchers have found that not only did authentic workers have higher work engagement and lower work
tiredness, but their teammates had the same results, regardless of whether they were genuine themselves. The
results suggest that the benefits of authenticity go beyond the individual, and spread to teammates as well. So, we
can improve our teammates’ work behavior by merely being ourselves.
Why does authenticity boost our teammates? This is because authentic teammates do not prioritize protecting
themselves at the cost of their work or relationships. Instead, they recognize the interests of both themselves and
others when making decisions. This allows those they work with to feel safe while being themselves at work. By
focusing lesson appearing hard-working in hopes to get ahead—and more on trying to be better all-around
individuals—authentic teammates can make a great impact on their work environment.
1．How did the author feel when one team member asked for a rest during the hiking?
2．Why is it hard for people to display their true selves?
3．Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
Authentic workers feel safe by being then selves at work, so authenticity boosts their teammates.
4．Apart from what is mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s) do you think authenticity can bring to us?(In
about 40 words)
八
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
In today’s modern era, technology is expanding rapidly and it is being used by mankind for their benefit. The
major benefit that developing technology has provided is allowing individuals to work from home.
Organizations can save a huge amount of capital by making employees work from home. Moreover, this
reduces other expenses associated with the workspace and accommodates an increased number of employees at the
same time. As stated above, employers have the benefits of reducing the expenses associated with the workplace,borrowing land for the workplace. Since, nowadays, expenses of buildings and owning lands are very high, this
could save the organizations a large sum of money.
To quote an example, India observes an extremely low rate in the companies that used to provide remote work
prior to the pandemic hitting the global nations. Post the pandemic, several companies understood the importance
of working from home and the associated benefits of working remotely. Thus, most of organizations have started
promoting remote work due to which they have saved a huge amount of money and increased their turnover and
productivity approaches.
The second major benefit associated with remote work is the lack of the necessity to travel, which reduces the
chances of being stuck in traffic. This has increased productivity and efficiency at work and saved a potential
amount of time for them that they could invest in other productive activities.
To summarize, it cannot be denied that developing technologies have a number of benefits to society as it has
allowed individuals to manage their time effectively. Moreover, it also helps with social life balance.
1．According to this passage, what makes individuals able to work from home?
2．In the sentence “…this could save the organizations a large sum of money” in paragraph 2, what does “this”
mean?
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Working from home can do many benefits, because it reduces employers’ capital as well as individuals’
working time.
4．What do you think are disadvantages of working from home? (In about 40 words)
九
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
One of the basic expectations the public have of doctors is honesty. But what would you think if I told you that
research has shown that 70 percent of doctors admitted to lying to their patients? It is inexcusable, surely?
Extremely unprofessional and uncaring; a clear break of the doctor-patient relationship. Some of the lies told
included reassuring patients that their wives or husbands were still alive, when in fact they were dead. This seems
unimaginable but, if I am honest, I have told exactly the same lie to several patients whose spouses had died. Mrs.Walton was in her eighties and desperate to see her husband. She’d been in hospital after a fall and was in pain. She
called out for him frequently and couldn’t understand why he wasn’t there to comfort her. She was becoming more
and more distressed and would try to get up to find him, despite being at risk of falling again.
“He’s on his way, don’t worry,” the nurses would say and this would calm her down. I confess I said the same
thing to her. She’d smile and roll her eyes and say how he was always late for things and tell the same story about
him being late for their wedding nearly 60 years ago. But he wasn’t on his way. It was a lie. He’d died two years
ago. The truth, if I can use that word, is that it is a kindness to lie sometimes.
Part of the natural history of many of the dementias, in particular Alzheimer’s disease which is what Mrs.
Walton had, is that the sufferer loses their short-term memory and the memory of recent events, but retains
memories from the distant past. Sufferers are trapped forever in a bewildering past that many realise bares little
connection to the present, but are at a loss to explain. It is very distressing and tormenting and many of the
behavioural difficulties that I have encountered in those with dementia relate to them feeling upset, scared and
confused that they are in a strange place, surrounded by strange people, even when they are in their own homes
surrounded by their family, because they have returned back to decades ago.
They look at their adult children confused and wonder who they could be because they think their children are
still toddlers. How does one deal with this? I have had countless families break down in tears in outpatient clinics
or on wards, not knowing what to say or how to react as their loved one moves further and further away from them
back into their distant past and they are left behind in the present. And how, as the doctor or nurse caring for these
patients, does one manage the anger and outbursts of distress that comes with having no knowledge of your life for
the past 10 or 20 years? The lies that doctors, nurses, carers and families tell these patients are not big, elaborate
lies — they are brief reassurances intended to calm and allow the subject to be swiftly changed.
Colluding (串通) with them about this false reality they find themselves flung into is not heartless or
unprofessional — it is, when done in the right way, kind and tender-hearted. That’s not to say that lying to patients
with dementia unnecessarily is right or defensible or that there are not times when of course they have the right to
know the truth. But what compassionate person would put another human being through the unimaginable pain of
learning, for the first time again and again, repeatedly throughout the day, that their beloved one has died. It would
be an unthinkable cruelness.
Sometimes, surely, honesty is simply not the best policy.
1．Write a title for this article.2．Why do people with dementia feel upset, scared, and confused even when they are in their own homes
surrounded by their family?
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The public expect doctors to be honest with their patients and the author also believes that it is heartless and
unprofessional to lie to patients.
4．The author says sometimes, surely, honesty is simply not the best policy. Do you agree or disagree? Why? (In
about 40 words)
十
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
“I can’t” might actually mean “I don’t want to,” “I’m afraid,” “I’m confused,” or even “I don’t know how.”
And after parsing out hidden meanings for the hundredth time, I can understand why my childhood gymnastics
coach had put a gym-wide ban on the phrase.
Anyone who used it, even the other coaches, had to do 50 push-ups before trying conversation again. It wasn’t
that he wanted people to do things beyond their skill or safety level. The policy was against the words themselves.
He felt they were a shield to hide behind instead of admitting more useful and actionable hesitations. “I’m afraid.”
“I’ve never done it by myself.” “I need to rest a few minutes before I try.” “I’m embarrassed to try in front of other
people.” “I don’t want to, because...”.
Academic experiences can follow the same pattern. Answering unexpected questions or trying a new protocol
in front of an audience can be crippling, Homework problems can compound and seem to get worse with each try
instead of better. We end up uttering “I can’t,” because sometimes it’s easier than “I am so frustrated and exhausted
that I want to cry,” “This makes me feel so dumb,” or even “I need help.”
As an asthmatic, my most vivid memories come from the annual hazing ritual known as the gym-class mile
run. For me, “I can’t” actually meant “I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and
“It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally
walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.” My heart still starts to race just thinking of the number of times
my self-preserving. “I can’t” was met with a dismissive “Of course, you can.”But letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than just hiding our deeper feelings.
Eventually we, and the people around us, start to believe it. I know there are things I have stopped trying because,
well, I just can’t. So why try? The number of laps I have avoided with well-timed bathroom breaks is staggering. I
can’t go back and tell my childhood self that the mile run wasn’t worth the anticipatory anxiety. But I can
remember how badly I wished even one classmate had acknowledged that I had barely missed the school record in
sit-and- reach instead of teasing me about laps the next day. I can remember that “I can’t” can so often mean
something else. And I can take the time to try to ask the right questions, so that I can say something more useful in
response than “Of course you can.”
1．What were people supposed to do if they said “I can’t” in my childhood gymnastics?
2．What does “I can’t” actually mean when I said that in the gym-class mile run?
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
There are things I have stopped trying because of the fact that I am not able to do that.
4．Describe one of your experiences of dealing with “I can’t”. (In about 40 words)
十一
阅读下面短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Judgement is a quality that is hard to define but important to possess. Sir Andrew Likierman of the London
Business School suggests that judgment is “the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and
experience to form opinions and take decisions”. And he argues that, thus defined, judgment involves a process —
taking in information, deciding whom and what to trust, summarizing one’s personal knowledge, checking any
prior beliefs or feelings, summarizing the choices available and then making the decision.
Expert knowledge can be useful in making judgments. But they are not the same thing. “Academics have
expert knowledge,” Sir Andrew observes. “They don’t necessarily have judgment.” People with judgment know
when they are out of their depth in making a decision and typically then seek the advice of someone who has the
right background and knowledge. “While good judgment is important to success,” Sir Andrew cautions, “success is
not a signal that there has been good judgment.”
The degree of judgment required tends to increase as people take on more responsibility. Those with routinetasks generally have limited scope for judgment. Line supervisors have some discretion (自行决定权). For a chief
executive, the proportion of decisions involving judgment is high. Deciding not to take action is also a judgment
with potentially serious consequences (for example, “I won’t get vaccinated” or “I won’t pay my bills”). The world
is full of people whose lack of judgment brought their careers or personal life crashing down. Many made the
common mistake of assuming everything was fine.
Though artificial intelligence gets used for more and more routine tasks in the service sector, exercising
judgment may be one area where humans retain an edge over machines. This is far from certain, however. With
enough practice, machines may be able to recognize these implicit cues and thus display the equivalent of good
judgment. But then, perhaps humans can be taught, too. In the long run, one of the trickiest aspects of human
judgment may be knowing precisely when to let machines take decisions and when to leave it to people.
1．What’s Sir Andrew’s definition of judgement?
2．Why aren’t expert knowledge and making judgments the same thing?
3．Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
Although artificial intelligence is widely used for routine tasks, it can never exercise judgment as well as
humans.
4．Do you agree that humans “retain an edge over machines” in terms of making judgements? Why or why not?
(In about 40 words)
十二
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
There are many historical sites and places in the world that give us insight and evidence of the past
civilization. These sites help us learn about our ancestors, their living and culture. These sites can be called
common or universal heritage (遗产) of humankind and our world heritage.
These sites from the past civilizations are for all humans. We must live in them today and also pass them on to
future generations. They teach us about our past and represent the great achievements of our ancestors and make us
proud. World heritage has historical, cultural and economic significance. It has exceptional value and importance
for humankind from history, science and arts points of view and must be cared for.Many UNESCO sites that stand today are under threat. There is a list of thirty sites by UNESCO that are
endangered. There are many external factors responsible for damaging the world heritage, some of which are
climate change, natural disasters, urbanization and unchecked tourism etc.
With the growing strength of these external factors, it is becoming more and more important to take proper
measures to save and preserve these timeless achievements of humankind. There are many communities and
organizations in the world which are working to protect these sites. We can work with these organizations, travel
agencies, government groups and local communities. We should join them to support their cause. Another way to
play our part is to shoulder travel responsibility Tourism can generate funds for the restoration of historical sites but
at the same time unchecked tourism can damage them seriously.
The younger generation must preserve the identity of the people who came before them. No matter what is our
reach, we should help protect them through effective means. Our every step would count and help in protecting the
world heritage sites.
1．Why can many historical sites be called world heritage?
2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly talking about?
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Tourism can bring economic benefits which are used to restore the historical sites, so we should remove the
limitations on tourism.
4．What can we do to shoulder our responsibilities to protect world heritage sites? (In about 40 words)
