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专题突破卷 07 阅读理解之说明文
最新高考真题
1.（2024年新高考I卷D篇阅读理解）In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct,
researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often
in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number
and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a
mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the
Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes
from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species
are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested
how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like
the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to
it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage.
Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the
people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their
encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-
catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?
“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled
areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of
observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their
uploaded image.”
32. What do we know about the records of species collected now?
A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form.
C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition.
33. What does Daru’s study focus on?
A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens.C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications.
34. What has led to the biases according to the study?
A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices.
35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps?
A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records.
C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.
【答案】32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏
见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and
的
other digital records. (今天，大多数生物多样性 记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可
知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical
specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are
responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable? (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原
始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用
吗?)”和第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏
差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass
right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科
学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人
们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to
bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead
of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，
答案第2页，共2页比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”以及第五段“This makes sense
because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording
their encounters with species in areas nearby.( 这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的
人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方
式的不当。故选C。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas
and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of
observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their
uploaded image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引
导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让
专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故选
D。
2.（2024年新高考II卷C篇阅读理解）We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most
produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While
farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience
such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly
supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely
monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is
automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil,
the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new
pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from
transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute
traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work.
Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use
plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF
employee.8. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1?
A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets.
9. What information does the convenient app offer?
A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants.
C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods.
10. What can be concluded about BMF employees?
A. They have a great passion for sports.
B. They are devoted to community service.
C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences.
.
D They have a strong environmental awareness.
11. What does the text mainly talk about?
A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运
输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-
Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚
至缩短了旅程)”可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. (此外，还
有一个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据)”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数
据。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them
walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans
and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our
environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自
答案第4页，共2页行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员
工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。故
选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-
Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚
至缩短了旅程)”、第三段“By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a
convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces
the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right
amount to each plant. (通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供
不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排
土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量)”以及最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their
everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste
reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste,
carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。
大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和
减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，文章主要
介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化
系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。
3.（2024年新高考II卷D篇阅读理解）Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all
need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with
Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap
addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that
powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady
into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic,
making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost
as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable,
moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says,
will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and itsfuture now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we
keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they
are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history
and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future
with Al to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness
rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
12. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic.
13. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text?
A. It is packed with complex codes. B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
C. It provides step-by-step instructions. D. It is intended for AI professionals.
14. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development?
A. Observe existing regulations on it.
B. Reconsider expert opinions about it.
C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control.
D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down.
15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history.
C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with
Artificial Intelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，
强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代
码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the
heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic,
答案第6页，共2页making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost
as smart as AI. (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20
多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的
角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪
明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语
表示 “如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience
translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than
as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make
you feel almost as smart as AI.(值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化
为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰
富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔在书中将令人兴奋的内容转化
为可理解的内容，这本书的特点是通俗易懂，推测它采用了接地气的写作风格。故选B项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or
risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. (她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有被边缘化甚
至更糟的风险)”和文章最后一段“We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out.
Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our
downfall. (我们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化的思维，加上全球监管，将使我
们走向伟大，而不是走向衰败)”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们保持对人工智能的控制，考虑人工智能的未来应如
何发展，所以关于人工智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力将其控制住。故选C项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take
action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial
Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the
challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). (考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们
都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这正是AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial
Intelligence的用武之地。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，旨在应对
即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战)”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book
on the subject, this is it. (人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书)”可知，本文主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一
书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要
性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于
人工智能的书。故选A项。
2024 年高考模拟真题
（2024·新疆乌鲁木齐·三模）Double rainbows are one thing, but a double aurora (极光)? They can
happen, though some kinds are rare. One particular red-and-green aurora is especially confusing. Now, images
taken by amateur astronomers may help reveal its secrets.
Citizen scientists living in Canada and Finland used cameras to document an unusual combination of
auroras in the night sky. Physicists have studied those images to learn what may have caused the unusual light
show.
Alan Dyer was outside his home in Strathmore, Canada, when the dancing Northern Lights caught his
attention. He grabbed his camera and started filming. "I knew I had something interesting," says Dyer. At first
glance, the double aurora looks like a floating slice of watermelon. The green aurora is well-understood. The
fruity looking red st rip is more mysterious. Scientists have known about these red auroras for decades. But there's
no agreement on how they form. One idea is that Earth's magnetic field can heat up certain areas of the
atmosphere. That heat could knock particles (粒子) around, like in proton (质子) rain.
Researchers had seen these two types of auroras occur together before. But it was always mysterious, says
Toshi Nishimura, a space physicist at Boston University. After looking at satellite observations along with the
images taken by Dyer and others, Nishimura and his team concluded how the two phenomena might be related.
The key is the thin rays in the red aurora. They mark the paths of electrons falling through the Earth's magnetic
field. That means electron rain appears to cause the red aurora, just as proton rain causes the green one. Both get
powered by the solar wind. But the electrons carry less energy than the protons, so they make for a more reddish
color.
Electron rain might not be the only way to produce the stable red auroras, though. The results show that
what's going on is more complicated than researchers had thought. The auroras Dyer saw could be danger zones
for radio communication and GPS systems, says Nishimura.
The citizen scientists who took the photos were a critical part of the new findings, Nishimura says.
1．Where is the text probably taken from?
答案第8页，共2页A．A news report on astronomic discoveries.
B．A blog about sky phenomena.
C．A review of aurora research.
D．A brochure of aurora tours.
2．What can be inferred about red auroras?
A．They are fully understood by scientists.
B．They were first spotted by Alan Dyer.
C．They are related to Earth's magnetic field.
D．They are generated from proton rain.
3．What may affect the color of the aurora?
A．The path it travels along. B．The energy particles carry.
C．The wavelength of rays. D．The source of solar wind.
4．What does the author indicate by mentioning Alan Dyer's example?
A．Photography drives scientific research.
B．The double aurora is a threat to GPS system.
C．Satellite observations lead to aurora discoveries.
D．Citizen scientists help explain the double aurora.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了双重极光的现象，特别是红色和绿色极光的形成原因，以及
公民科学家如何通过拍摄图片帮助科学家研究这一现象。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Double rainbows are one thing, but a double aurora（极光 )? They can happen,
though some kinds are rare. One particular red-and-green aurora is especially confusing. Now, images taken by
amateur astronomers may help reveal its secrets.”（ 双彩虹是一回事，但双极光呢？这种情况可能会发生，
尽管有些类型很少见。一种特殊的红绿极光尤其令人困惑。现在，由业余天文学家拍摄的图像可能有助
于揭示它的秘密。）主要介绍了双重极光的现象，特别是红色和绿色极光的形成原因，以及公民科学家
如何通过拍摄图片帮助科学家研究这一现象。所以这是一篇关于天文发现的新闻报道。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“One idea is that Earth's magnetic field can heat up certain areas of the
atmosphere.”（一种观点是地球的磁场可以加热大气的某些区域。）可推知，红色极光与地球的磁场有关。
故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But the electrons carry less energy than the protons, so they make for amore reddish color.”（但是电子携带的能量比质子少，所以它们产生更红的颜色。）可知，粒子携带的能
量影响极光的颜色。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The citizen scientists who took the photos were a critical part of the new
findings, Nishimura says.”（Nishimura说，拍摄这些照片的公民科学家是新发现的关键部分。）可推知，
作者提到艾伦·戴尔的例子是想说明公民科学家通过拍摄图片帮助解释双重极光。故选D。
（2024·湖北襄阳·三模）Medicine is not exclusively a human invention. Many other animals, from
insects to birds to nonhuman primates, have been known to self-medicate with plants and minerals for infections
and other conditions.
Behavioral ecologist Helen Morrogh-Bernard of the Borneo Nature Foundation has spent decades studying
the island’s orangutans (猩猩) and says she has now found evidence they use plants in a previously unseen
medicinal way.
During more than 20, 000 hours of formal observation, Morrogh-Bernard and her colleagues watched 10
orangutans occasionally chew a particular plant (which is not part of their normal diet) into a foamy lather (泡沫)
and then rub it into their fur. The apes spent up to 45 minutes at a time massaging the mixture onto their upper
arms or legs. The researchers believe this behavior is the first known example of a nonhuman animal using a
topical painkiller.
Local people use the same plant Dracaena cantleyi, an unremarkable-looking plant with stalked leaves-to
treat aches and pains. Morrogh-Bernard’s co-authors studied its chemistry. They added extracts (提出物) from the
plant to human cells that had been grown in a dish and had been artificially stimulated to produce cytokines, an
immune system response that causes inflammation ( 炎症) and discomfort. The plant extract reduced the
production of several types of cytokines, the scientists reported the finding in a study published last November in
Scientific Reports.
The results suggest that orangutans use the plant to reduce inflammation and treat pam. Such findings could
help identify plants and chemicals that might be useful for human medications.
In creatures such as insects, the ability to self-medicate is almost certainly innate: woolly bear caterpillars
infected with flies seek out and eat plant substances that are poisonous to the flies. But more complex animals
may learn such tricks after an initial discovery by one member of their group.
For example, an orangutan may have rubbed the plant on its skin to try to treat parasites and realized that it
also had a pleasant pain-killing effect. That behavior may then have been passed on to other orangutans. Because
this type of-self-medication is seen only in south-central Borneo, Morrogh-Bernard says, it was probably learned
答案第10页，共2页locally.
5．What do we know about Dracaena cantleyi?
A．It can serve as a pain killer. B．It is orangutans normal diet.
C．It is a plant with a foamy lather. D．L can function as building materials.
6．How did Morrogh-Bernard’s team prove the plant’s healing properties?
A．By studying the plant’s chemistry. B．By observing apes eating the plant.
C．By extracting cytokines from the plant. D．By watching local people using the plant.
7．What is the significance of the findings?
A．Botanists can better understand plants.
B．Scientists can find a new way to study apes.
C．Doctors may have the power to cure more diseases.
D．Drug companies may find new materials for medicine.
8．What can we learn according to the passage?
A．Medicine is a human unique invention. B．Plant extracts are the best to treat-pain.
C．Humans and animals have a lot in common. D．Insects have the natural ability to self medication.
【答案】5．A 6．A 7．D 8．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文，药物并不是人类的独家发明，研究人员通过观察猩猩用一种植物进行自我治
疗，发现有很多其他动物都会用植物和矿物质来自我治疗感染和其他疾病。
5．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Local people use the same plant Dracaena cantleyi, an unremarkable-looking
plant with stalked leaves-to treat aches and pains.(当地人用同样的植物Dracaena cantleyi（一种长着茎状叶子
的普通植物）来治疗疼痛)”可知，Dracaena cantleyi可以用来止疼，故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Morrogh-Bernard’s co-authors studied its chemistry.(Morrogh-Bernard的合
著者研究了它的化学成分)”可知，Morrogh-Bernard团队是通过研究这种植物的化学性质证明了它的药物
疗效，故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Such findings could help identify plants and chemicals that might be useful
for human medications.(这些发现可以帮助识别可能对人类药物有用的植物和化学物质)”可知，这些发现的
意义是制药公司可能会发现新的药物材料。故选D。
8．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In creatures such as insects, the ability to self-medicate is almost
certainly innate(在昆虫等生物中，自我治疗的能力几乎肯定是天生的)”以及“But more complex animals
may learn such tricks after an initial discovery by one member of their group.(但更复杂的动物可能会在群体中的一个成员最初发现后学会这些技巧)”可知，一些昆虫的自我治疗能力是天生的，而更多的动物是后天学
习而得，故选D。
（2024·江西上饶·二模）Digital reading appears to be destroying habits of “deep reading”. Amazing
numbers of people with year of schooling are in effect illiterate (不识字的). Admittedly, some people have been
complaining about new media since 1492, but today’s complaints have an evidential basis, Ljubljana Reading
Manifesto says, “The digital area may lead to more reading than ever in history, but it also offers many attractions
to read in a shallow and scattered (碎片化的) manner — or even not to read at all. This increasingly endangers
higher-level reading.”
Digital literacy has changed reading. When you read a book on paper, you can be entirely inside the
experience, absorbing hundreds of pages to capture the world’s complexity. Online, says Maryanne Wolf of
UCLA, we are “skimming, scanning, scrolling”. The medium is the message: doing deep reading on your phone is
as hard as playing tennis with your phone. Recently, a bright 11-year-old told me I was wasting time on books: he
absorbed more information faster from Wikipedia. He had a point. But digital readers also absorb more
misinformation. And they seldom, absorb nuanced (微妙的) ideas.
In the white paper that underlies the Ljubljana Reading Manifesto, experts catalogue the passive parts of
digital reading: “Recent studies of various kinds indicate a decline of... critical and conscious reading, slow
reading, non-strategic reading and long-form reading.” In the 2021 international PISA survey, 49 percent of
students agreed that “I read only if I have to”, 13 percentage points higher than in 2000.
As professors from Northwestern University foresaw in 2005, we are returning to the days when only an
elite (精英的) “reading class” consumes long texts — despite more people spending longer in education and book
sales remaining robust.
People who lose higher-level reading skills also lose thinking skills. That’s horrible, because “higher-level
reading” has been essential to civilization. It enabled the Enlightenment, and an international rise in sympathy for
people who aren’t like us.
9．What is the advantage of the digital reading?
A．It makes more people start to read widely.
B．It makes more people begin to think deeper.
C．It helps the young to make use of the Internet.
D．It helps people take advantage of their spare time.
10．What is Maryanne Wolf’s attitude towards digital reading?
答案第12页，共2页A．Supportive. B．Opposed. C．Objective. D．Unconcerned.
11．What can be inferred about the teens now according to paragraph 3?
A．Teens should change the critical and conscious reading.
B．Nearly half of the teens never read at all.
C．They don’t believe what the experts indicate.
D．The trend of reading books is increasingly declining.
12．Which statement is fit for the underlined word in paragraph 4?
A．More and more books are purchased.
B．It’s unnecessary for people to buy books.
C．More and more people like to visit the bookstores.
D．The sales of books keep still for a really long time.
【答案】9．A 10．B 11．D 12．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了数字阅读对深度阅读习惯的破坏性影响，以及深度阅读在
文明和人类发展中的重要性。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Admittedly, some people have been complaining about new media since
1492, but today’s complaints have an evidential basis, Ljubljana Reading Manifesto says, “The digital area may
lead to more reading than ever in history, but it also offers many attractions to read in a shallow and scattered (碎
片化的) manner— or even not to read at all. This increasingly endangers higher-level reading.” (诚然，自1492
年以来，有些人一直在抱怨新媒体，但今天的抱怨是有根据的，《卢布尔雅那阅读宣言》说，“数字领
域可能会带来比历史上任何时候都多的阅读，但它也提供了许多吸引人的肤浅和分散的阅读方式——甚
至根本不阅读。这越来越危及更高水平的阅读。”)”可知，数字领域可能会带来比历史上任何时候都多的
阅读，即数字阅读让人们开始广泛阅读。故答案为A。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“When you read a book on paper, you can be entirely inside the
experience, absorbing hundreds of pages to capture the world’s complexity. Online, says Maryanne Wolf of
UCLA, we are “skimming, scanning, scrolling”. The medium is the message: doing deep reading on your phone is
as hard as playing tennis with your phone. (当你阅读一本纸质书时，你可以完全沉浸在其中，吸收数百页的
内容来捕捉世界的复杂性。UCLA的玛丽安·沃尔夫说，在网上，我们“略读、浏览、滚动”。媒介就是
信息：在手机上进行深度阅读就像用手机打网球一样困难。)”可知，玛丽安·沃尔夫对于数字化阅读持反
对态度，她并不看好数字化阅读。故答案为B。
11．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In the white paper that underlies the Ljubljana Reading Manifesto, expertscatalogue the passive parts of digital reading: “Recent studies of various kinds indicate a decline of... critical and
conscious reading, slow reading, non-strategic reading and long-form reading.” In the 2021 international PISA
survey, 49 percent of students agreed that “I read only if I have to”, 13 percentage points higher than in 2000. (在
《卢布尔雅那阅读宣言》的白皮书中，专家们列举了数字阅读的被动部分:“最近的各种研究表明……批判
性和有意识的阅读，慢速阅读，非战略性阅读和长篇阅读。”在2021年的国际学生评估项目调查中，
49%的学生同意“我只在必要的时候阅读”，比2000年高出13个百分点。)”可知，学生们阅读纸质书籍
的趋势逐年下滑。故答案为D。
12．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“As professors from Northwestern University foresaw in 2005, we are
returning to the days when only an elite (精英的) “reading class” consumes long texts —despite more people
spending longer in education and book sales remaining (正如西北大学的教授们在2005年所预见的那样，我
们正在回到只有精英“阅读阶层”才会阅读长篇文章的时代——尽管越来越多的人在教育上花费的时间
更长，图书销售也保持……)”可知，越来越多的人在教育上花费的时间更长，所以图书销售也保持强劲，
即图书的销售呈现上升的趋势，划线词的含义为“购买的书越来越多”。A. More and more books are
purchased购买的书越来越多；B. It’s unnecessary for people to buy books人们没有必要买书；C. More and
more people like to visit the bookstores越来越多的人喜欢去书店；D. The sales of books keep still for a really
long time书籍的销售量在很长一段时间内保持稳定。故答案为A。
（2024·新疆乌鲁木齐·三模）Orienteering (定向越野) involves running, jogging or walking, and using a
map and compass to move between places. It’s a great way to have fun outdoors with friends and family. The aim
is to move between points, called controls, in a certain order in the quickest time. Events are usually held in parks,
fields or forests but they can also happen in towns and cities and even school playgrounds. People can take part
either as individuals or as a team.
Beginners’ events will have easier controls to find and cover less distance — perhaps a mile or two. For
experienced orienteers, the length of the course could be much longer and take in hills and rough ground.
Orienteers are given a “control description sheet” to help them find each point. This sheet has details of
features to look for, like paths and rivers, and a code that must match the code at each control. You will either
mark your sheet at each control or check in with an electronic card.
When you start orienteering, you will learn map-reading skills. A helpful tip is to keep your thumb on the
spot that shows your location on the map. Keep it the right way round: the features in front of you on the ground
should be in front of you on the map.
答案第14页，共2页Orienteering maps can have five or six colors. Black areas show human features, like buildings; brown
shows the contour (轮廓) lines (height of the land); and blue shows water, such as lakes and rivers. White and
green together show woodlands; yellow areas represent grass and open areas. On orienteering maps, a course
consists of a triangle, circles, a double circle and sometimes connecting lines. The triangle is the start, the double
circle is the finish, and all the circles in between are checkpoints.
As you run between points by what you hope is the quickest route, you can take in the scenery around you
and have a great time choosing your path and trying to finish in a fast time.
13．What can we learn about orienteering at the beginning of the text?
A．Its route is random. B．Its result is distance-based.
C．It groups orienteers by age. D．It integrates various skills.
14．Which aspect of orienteering does paragraph 3 mainly focus on?
A．Tricks of saving time. B．The use of control description sheet.
C．Methods of checking in. D．The importance of codes.
15．Why do orienteers keep their thumb on their location on the map?
A．To track progress. B．To mark the finish point.
C．To maintain direction. D．To highlight checkpoints.
16．What do the colors on an orienteering map represent?
A．Geographical features. B．Difficulty levels.
C．Routes for competition. D．Stages of the orienteering race.
【答案】13．D 14．B 15．C 16．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了定向越野这种户外活动，该运动结合跑步、慢跑或步行，参与
者使用地图和指南针在不同地点间移动。参与者使用检查点描述表和地图技巧导航，地图颜色和符号指
示地形和路线，需以最短时间按顺序访问检查点，地点多样，可个人或团队参与。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Orienteering (定向越野) involves running, jogging or walking, and using a
map and compass to move between places. (定向越野涉及跑步、慢跑或步行，并使用地图和指南针在地方之
间移动。)”可推知，定向越野融合了各种技能。故选D项。
14．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Orienteers are given a “control description sheet” to help them find each point.
This sheet has details of features to look for, like paths and rivers, and a code that must match the code at each
control. You will either mark your sheet at each control or check in with an electronic card. (定向运动员得到一
张“检查点描述表”来帮助他们找到每个点。此工作表包含要查找的特征的详细信息，例如路径和河流，以及必须与每个点标上的代码相匹配的代码。你可以在每个检查点标记你的表格，或者用电子卡签到)”可
知，本段主要介绍了定向越野中检查点描述表的使用，包括其用处、内容以及使用方式。故选B项。
15．细节理解题。根据第四段中“A helpful tip is to keep your thumb on the spot that shows your location on
the map. Keep it the right way round: the features in front of you on the ground should be in front of you on the
map. (一个有用的建议是把拇指放在地图上显示你所在位置的地方。保持正确的方向：地面上在你前面的
特征应该在地图上也在你前面)”可知，定向运动员将拇指放在地图上的位置是为了保持方向。故选C项。
16．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Orienteering maps can have five or six colors. Black areas show human
features, like buildings; brown shows the contour (轮廓) lines (height of the land); and blue shows water, such as
lakes and rivers. White and green together show woodlands; yellow areas represent grass and open areas. (定向越
野地图可以有五到六种颜色。黑色区域表示人类特征，比如建筑物；棕色表示等高线(地面高度)；蓝色表
示水，如湖泊和河流。白色和绿色一起表示林地；黄色区域代表草地和开放区域)”可知，定向越野地图上
的颜色代表地理特征。故选A项。
（2024·陕西宝鸡·三模）European wildcats could be reintroduced to England more than 200 years after
they became extinct in the country. The project has been announced by UK wildlife charity Wildwood Trust.
European wildcats are one of the UK’s rarest mammals. The only wild population, numbering fewer than
300 individuals, lives in the Scottish Highlands but they are on the verge of extinction, partly because they have
bred with local feral cats (wild-living domestic cats).
Supporters hope to save the species in the UK by reintroducing them to England and Wales, where they
died out around 200 years ago because of hunting and loss of habitat. To bring back the species, Wildwood Trust
is planning to build 10 new breeding facilities on two sites in Kent and Devon. Kittens bred in captivity but away
from humans will then be released into the wild. The University of Exeter is researching places where the animals
could be reintroduced.
European wildcats are around the same size as a large domestic cat, but at up to eight kilograms they are
slightly adult heavier. They have a tabby-like pattern with thick black stripes on their bodies and a bushy tail and
like to live in forests but near open grassland. They’re also famously shy and keep their distance from humans.
Laura Gardner, director of conservation at Wildwood Trust, told The Times newspaper that people should not be
worried by the thought of wildcats returning to the wild. “We’re not talking about wolves,” she said.
Wildwood Trust says that its project can benefit both the wildcats and the habitats where they live. They are
one of the few native predators left in the UK, so a healthy population of wildcats could help to control the
numbers of animals they prey on, such as rabbits and rodents. By competing for the same food as foxes, they will
答案第16页，共2页also help to reduce fox numbers and restore a balance to nature.
17．What is the aim of the project?
A．To save wildcats from dying out. B．To ensure wildcats’good habitats.
C．To raise money to protect wildcats. D．To build some new breeding facilities.
18．What does the author indicate by mentioning Laura Gardner in paragraph 4?
A．Wildcats are very shy animals. B．Wildcats are not as fierce as wolves.
C．European wildcats are unique animals. D．Wildcats cannot pose a threat for humans.
19．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Wildcats will threaten the number of other animals.
B．Wildcats and its habitats will be well protected.
C．Wildcats can contribute to ecological balance.
D．Wildcats are one of the few predators left in the UK.
20．What is the best title of the text?
A．Wildwood Trust Announcing a Plan.
B．Rare Wildcats Making a Comeback.
C．Reintroducing Wildcats Benefiting Us.
D．Wildcats Disappearing From the World.
【答案】17．A 18．D 19．C 20．B
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由英国野生动物慈善机构Wildwood Trust宣布的，欧洲野猫在
灭绝200年后，可能被重新引进英国的计划。
17．推理判断题。根据第三段“Supporters hope to save the species in the UK by reintroducing them to
England and Wales, where they died out around 200 years ago because of hunting and loss of habitat.”（支持者
希望通过将它们重新引入英格兰和威尔士来拯救英国的这一物种，大约200年前，由于狩猎和栖息地的
丧失，它们在那里灭绝了。）可知，这个计划希望将欧洲野猫这一物种重新引入英国，以拯救它们免于
灭绝。故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据第四段“Laura Gardner, director of conservation at Wildwood Trust, told The Times
newspaper that people should not be worried by the thought of wildcats returning to the wild. “We’re not talking
about wolves,” she said.”（Laura Gardner是Wildwood Trust的保护主管，她告诉《泰晤士报》，人们不应
该为野猫回归野外的想法而担心。“我们说的不是狼，”她说。）可知，该段提到Laura Gardner是为了
告诉人们，野猫和狼不一样，它们不会对人类造成威胁，所以不用担心。故选D。19．推理判断题。根据最后一段“They are one of the few native predators left in the UK, so a healthy
population of wildcats could help to control the numbers of animals they prey on, such as rabbits and rodents. By
competing for the same food as foxes, they will also help to reduce fox numbers and restore a balance to
nature.”（它们是英国为数不多的本土食肉动物之一，所以一个健康的野猫种群可以帮助控制它们捕食的
动物的数量，比如兔子和啮齿动物。通过与狐狸争夺同样的食物，它们也将有助于减少狐狸的数量，恢
复自然的平衡。）可知，野猫有助于控制其捕食的动物的数量，以及狐狸之类的竞争者的数量，从而保
持生态平衡。故选C。
20．主旨大意题。根据第一段“European wildcats could be reintroduced to England more than 200 years after
they became extinct in the country.”（欧洲野猫在英国灭绝200多年后，可能会被重新引入英国。）和第二
段“European wildcats are one of the UK’s rarest mammals.”（欧洲野猫是英国最稀有的哺乳动物之一。）及
全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了英国的稀有动物——欧洲野猫即将被重新引入英国、卷土重来的计划。
故选B。
（2024·陕西宝鸡·三模）A shadowy figure sits alone in a room, his face dimly lit by a computer screen.
With a grin, he types in a series of computer commands, and in the blink of an eye, someone’s bank account is
drained to zero.
In today’s digital age, cyberattacks like this happen thousands of times per day. Hackers can steal money,
information, or completely take control of a machine from anywhere in the world. However, not all hackers are
villains.
Some hackers, called white hat or ethical hackers, are individuals who make the most of their hacking skills
to identify security vulnerabilities (漏洞) in hardware, software and networks. Their job is crucial in preventing
cyberattacks and safeguarding sensitive information. The term “white hat” originated from old cowboy movies,
where heroes wore white hats and villains wore black ones. Like the heroes in cowboy movies, white hats seek to
stop the bad guys and save the day.
White hat hackers only seek vulnerabilities legally, often working on open-source software or with
authorized access to systems. Once these weak spots are identified, companies or individuals can take steps to
prevent serious breaches and losses. White hat hackers use a variety of different techniques to keep the internet
safe. Penetration testing, for example, allows them to mimic cyberattacks and uncover system weaknesses.
Security scanning tools allow white hats to identify holes in a network’s security systems. Simulating denial-of-
service attacks (DoS attacks) helps companies prepare for attacks against their websites.
答案第18页，共2页Many of the world’s top white hat hackers began their journeys on the wrong side of the law. A prime
example is Kevin Mitnick. This notorious hacker once held the title of “most wanted hacker” in the U. S. due to
his cybercriminal activities in 1995. However, after being arrested and spending five years in jail, his life took a
remarkable turn. Mitnick decided to use his hacking skills for ethical purposes, eventually establishing his own
cybersecurity consulting company.
If you aspire to be a white hat hacker, start by building a strong foundation in computer and network
fundamentals. Good luck, computer cowboy!
21．What does the underlined word “villains” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．evil-doers. B．heroes. C．attackers. D．victims.
22．What can we learn about white hat hackers?
A．They wear white hats in cowboy movies.
B．They do everything to safeguard people’s information.
C．They legally use their professional skills to help people.
D．They find vulnerabilities for personal gain without doing harm.
23．People skilled in computer and network can’t be top white hat hackers unless ______.
A．they obey the law
B．they identify security weak points
C．they take measures to stop serious losses
D．they build their own cybersecurity consulting companies
24．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To teach us how to stay secure online.
B．To tell us how to be top white hackers.
C．To warn us of the dangers of cyberattacks.
D．To introduce defenders of the digital world.
【答案】21．A 22．C 23．A 24．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是在数字时代充分利用黑客技能来捍卫数字世界安全的“白帽
黑客”。
21．词义猜测题。根据划线单词前的“In today’s digital age, cyberattacks like this happen thousands of times
per day. Hackers can steal money, information, or completely take control of a machine from anywhere in the
world. (在当今的数字时代，这样的网络攻击每天都会发生数千次。黑客可以从世界任何地方窃取金钱、信息，或者完全控制一台机器。)”可知，在当今数字时代，很多黑客从世界的任何期房窃取金钱、信息或
者是控制一台机器，由此可知，黑客作者一些不好的事情，结合however可知，划线单词所在的句子表示
的内容与上文为转折关系，所以此处表示的是不是所有的黑客都是做不好的事情的人，由此可知，划线
单词的意思与“做不好事情的人”的意义相近，A项“evil-doers”（作恶者）与其意思相近。故选A项。
22．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“White hat hackers only seek vulnerabilities legally, often working on
open-source software or with authorized access to systems. Once these weak spots are identified, companies or
individuals can take steps to prevent serious breaches and losses. (白帽黑客只通过合法途径寻找漏洞，他们通
常利用开源软件或获得系统访问权限。一旦发现了这些弱点，公司或个人就可以采取措施防止严重的违
规和损失。)”可知，白帽黑客一般都是采用合法的途径进入系统，去发现系统的弱点，以便采取措施防止
严重的违规和损失，由此可知，白帽黑客是合法地使用他们的专业技能来帮助人们。故选C项。
23．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Many of the world’s top white hat hackers began their journeys on
the wrong side of the law.(世界上许多顶级的白帽黑客都是从违法开始他们的旅程的。)”可知，很多顶级的
白帽黑客都是从违法开始自己的旅程，由此可知，精通计算机和网络的人不可能成为顶级白帽黑客的前
提是要遵守法律，否则就会成为违法者。故选A项。
24．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In today’s digital age, cyberattacks like this happen thousands of times per
day. Hackers can steal money, information, or completely take control of a machine from anywhere in the world.
(在当今的数字时代，这样的网络攻击每天都会发生数千次。黑客可以从世界任何地方窃取金钱、信息，
或者完全控制一台机器。)”可知，在当今数字时代，黑客经常攻击网络，做一些危害世界人们的事情，结
合下文中的“”However, not all hackers are villains.(然而，并非所有黑客都是坏人。)以及下文介绍的白帽
黑客的特点以及在保护数字世界安全方面的作用可知，本文的目的是介绍数字世界安全的捍卫者——白
帽黑客。故选D项。
（2024·四川达州·二模）With the ocean covering more than 70% of the Earth’s surface, the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) said scientists and researchers had depended on sonar (声呐)
technologies to understand and map the sea floor which had charted only about 10% of the world’s ocean. For the
ocean and coastal waters in the US, the number is just around 35%.
We know less about our planet’s ocean than what we know about the far side of the moon or the surface of
Mars. Part of the reason for the lack of observation is the challenge of powering an underwater camera.
Researchers have used ships to recharge cameras or observed with a camera tied to a ship to solve the issue, which
is expensive and unsuitable for long-term observations.
答案第20页，共2页Recently, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken a major step to iron
out this problem by developing a battery-free, wireless underwater camera that could harvest energy underwater
on its own for long periods.
To keep power consumption as low as possible, the researchers used off-the-shelf, ultra-low-power imaging
sensors. The device takes color photos, even in dark underwater environments, and sends image data wirelessly
through the water.
The camera is powered by sound. It changes mechanical energy from sound waves traveling through water
into electrical energy that powers its imaging and communications equipment. After getting and encoding image
data, the camera also uses sound waves to send the data to a receiver that reconstructs the image. Those sound
waves could come from any source, like a passing ship or marine life. As it doesn’t need a power source, the
camera could run for weeks on end before getting it back, enabling scientists to search remote parts of the ocean
for new species.
Now that researchers have demonstrated a working prototype (原型), they plan to enhance the device so it
is practical in real-world settings. For future application, these cameras may be used to take images of ocean
pollution and create more accurate models to monitor climate change to better understand how climate change
impacts the underwater world, and advance various undersea scientific fields.
25．What do the data in paragraph 1 mainly show?
A．Undersea exploration is poor in the US.
B．Much of the planet’s ocean remains unexplored.
C．The mapping of the sea floor is time-consuming.
D．Technology development matters a lot to sea observation.
26．What limits the researchers’ undersea exploration according to the text?
A．The complexity of the sea environment.
B．The concern about potential sea pollution.
C．The shortage of investment in ocean exploration.
D．The inability to effectively power underwater cameras.
27．What does the underlined phrase “iron out” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Overcome. B．Face.
C．Analyze. D．Illustrate.
28．Which of the following can best describe the MIT underwater camera?
A．Secure and stable. B．Expensive but effective.
C．Impractical but advanced. D．Self-sufficient and energy-saving.【答案】25．B 26．D 27．A 28．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是麻省理工学院的研究人员开发了一种将声波在水中传播的机
械能转化为电能，为成像和通信设备提供动力的无线水下相机。
25．推理判断题。根据首段“With the ocean covering more than 70% of the Earth’s surface, the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) said scientists and researchers had depended on sonar (声呐)
technologies to understand and map the sea floor which had charted only about 10% of the world’s ocean. For the
ocean and coastal waters in the US, the number is just around 35%.(由于海洋覆盖了地球表面的70%以上，美
国国家海洋和大气管理局表示，科学家和研究人员依靠声纳技术来了解和绘制海底地图，而海底地图只
占世界海洋面积的10%左右。对于美国的海洋和沿海水域，这一数字仅为35%左右。)”可知，海洋占地球
表面面积的70%，而科学家和研究人员依靠声纳技术来了解和绘制的海底地图只占10%左右，美国海域，
这一数字也只占35%左右，这些数据表明了地球上的大部分海洋仍未被探索。故选B项。
26．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Part of the reason for the lack of observation is the challenge of powering
an underwater camera.(缺乏观察的部分原因是水下摄像机的供电困难。)”可知，缺乏对海洋观察的部分原
因是水下摄像机的供电困难，由此可知，无法有效地为水下摄像机提供动力限制了研究者的海底探索。
故选D项。
27．词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Part of the reason for the lack of observation is the challenge of powering
an underwater camera.(缺乏观察的部分原因是水下摄像机的供电困难。)”可知，无法有效地为水下摄像机
提供动力限制了研究者的海底探索，结合画线短语前的“Recently, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology (MIT) have taken a major step(最近，麻省理工学院的研究人员迈出了重要的一步)”可知，就
这个问题麻省理工学院的研究人员迈出了重要的一步。结合画线短语后的“by developing a battery-free,
wireless underwater camera that could harvest energy underwater on its own for long periods.(他们开发了一种无
需电池的无线水下相机，这种相机可以在水下长时间收集能量。)”可知，他们开发了一种无需电池的无线
水下相机，这种相机能在水下长时间收集能量，由此推知，麻省理工学院的研究人员应该是在解决这个
问题方面迈出了重要的一步，所以画线短语的意思应与“解决”意义相近。故选A项。
28．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The camera is powered by sound. It changes mechanical energy from
sound waves traveling through water into electrical energy that powers its imaging and communications
equipment.(这台摄像机是由声音驱动的。它将声波在水中传播的机械能转化为电能，为成像和通信设备提
供动力。)”可知，该摄像机将声波转化成电能为成像和通信提供动力，由此可知，该相机可以自给自足，
答案第22页，共2页结合下文中的“As it doesn’t need a power source, the camera could run for weeks on end before getting it back,
enabling scientists to search remote parts of the ocean for new species.(由于它不需要电源，相机可以连续运行
数周才返回，使科学家能够在海洋的偏远地区寻找新物种。)”可知，这种摄像机不需要电源，所以可以节
约能源。综合以上信息，该摄像机既可以自给自足又能节约能源。故选D项。
（2024·山东泰安·二模）When Spanish meets English, new dialects emerge, giving us real-time insight
into language evolution, linguists say.
For instance, “Vamos de punches punches punches”, Yamilet Munoz texted her friends in Austin, Texas. It
means “let’s go and party”, but it’s not a phrase you’ll find in any dictionary. It’s a remix of Spanish and English
words seasoned with an in-joke about punching the air as you dance.
“Our language has always been a very big indicator of our cultural pride,” says Munoz, whose parents
migrated from Mexico to San Antonio, Texas, in the 1990s. Around 66% of the city's population identify as
Hispanic or Latino/Latina. For Munoz and her friends there is pride in speaking Spanish, but also in mixing the
languages into the hybrid known as Spanglish.
The evolution of Spanglish has been documented for decades, with each generation adding its unique twist.
Now a growing body of research, as well as the experiences of bilingual(双语的) speakers like Munoz, shows just
how deeply English and Spanish are influencing each other in the United States, resulting in hybrid dialects like
Spanglish, but also, transforming the underlying languages.
For the past decade, Carter and his colleagues have studied language change in Miami, a city where some
72% identify as Latino or Hispanic and which is strongly shaped by historical migration from Cuba. Their
research documents the emergence of a distinct “Miami English” dialect as a result of that Spanish-language
heritage.
The Spanish influence has also shown up in ways people may not immediately notice, such as sounds like
the “oo” in “boot” being pronounced in a more Spanish-style way in Miami, more like the Spanish “u” vowel,
according to separate research by Carter, Lydda Lopez Valdez at the University of Miami and Nandi Sims at Ohio
State University.
“This is the work of language change, this is the work of dialect formation, this is how it happens. It
happens in things that are really noticeable, like the phrase ‘get down from the car’, but it also happens in really
slight ways,” he says.
29．Why is an example introduced in Paragraph 2?
A．To illustrate the language innovation.
B．To explain the advantage of Spanish.
C．To highlight the mix of Spanish and English.D．To prove the enrichment of English vocabulary.
30．What can be inferred from Munoz and her friends?
A．Spanish and English are interrelating.
B．Mixing two languages is complicated.
C．Languages dominate cultural development.
D．Bilingualists tend to observe their own culture.
31．What does Carter intend to convey?
A．Dialects evolve flexibly and frequently.
B．Spanish possesses more sounds than English.
C．Phrases are changing more slowly than before.
D．Language change is progressive and dynamic.
32．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．How Researchers are Studying Languages.
B．How Modem English is Changing Globally.
C．How a Generation is Reinventing Spanglish.
D．How Spanglish is Influencing American Culture
【答案】29．A 30．A 31．D 32．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Spanglish（西班牙语和英语的混合语）的形成和演变，特别
是新一代人是如何重新创造Spanglish的。
29．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When Spanish meets English, new dialects emerge, giving us real-time
insight into language evolution, linguists say.(语言学家说，当西班牙语与英语相遇时，新的方言就会出现，
让我们实时了解语言的演变。)”和文章第二段“For instance, “Vamos de punches punches punches”, Yamilet
Munoz texted her friends in Austin, Texas. It means “let’s go and party”, but it’s not a phrase you’ll find in any
dictionary. It’s a remix of Spanish and English words seasoned with an in-joke about punching the air as you
dance.(例如，“Vamos de punches punches punches”，Yamilet Munoz给她在得克萨斯州奥斯汀的朋友们发
了这条短信。这句话的意思是“让我们去派对”，但这不是你在任何字典里都能找到的短语。这是西班
牙语和英语单词的混合体，并带有一个关于跳舞时挥拳的玩笑。)”可知，第二段中引入一个例子是为了说
明语言的创新。故选A。
答案第24页，共2页30．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“For Munoz and her friends there is pride in speaking Spanish, but also in
mixing the languages into the hybrid known as Spanglish. (对于穆尼奥斯和她的朋友们来说，说西班牙语是一
件很骄傲的事，但同时也为将两种语言混合成一种被称为西班牙式英语的混合体而感到自豪。)”和文章第
四段“Now a growing body of research, as well as the experiences of bilingual(双语的) speakers like Munoz,
shows just how deeply English and Spanish are influencing each other in the United States, resulting in hybrid
dialects like Spanglish, but also, transforming the underlying languages.(现在，越来越多的研究，以及像穆尼
奥斯这样的双语使用者的经历，表明英语和西班牙语在美国是多么深刻地相互影响，产生了像西班牙式
英语这样的混合方言，同时也改变了基础语言。)”可推知，Munoz和她的朋友们在说话中混合使用西班牙
语和英语，这表明两种语言是相互关联的。故选A。
31．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““This is the work of language change, this is the work of dialect
formation, this is how it happens. It happens in things that are really noticeable, like the phrase ‘get down from the
car’, but it also happens in really slight ways,” he says.(“这是语言变化的成果，这是方言形成的成果，这就是
它是如何发生的。它会发生在一些非常明显的事情中，比如‘从车里下来’，但它也会以非常轻微的方
式发生，”他说。)”可推知，Carter想要传达的是语言变化是渐进的和动态的。故选D。
32．主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了Spanglish（西班牙语和英语的混合语）的形成和演变，特别是新一代
人是如何重新创造Spanglish的。文章中提到，当西班牙语遇到英语时，新的方言就会出现，这为我们提
供了语言演变的实时洞察。文章还通过Yamilet Munoz的例子，展示了Spanglish是如何在年轻人中流行
的，并强调了这种语言混合现象在文化和身份认同中的重要性。因此，文章的最佳标题应该是C项
“How a Generation is Reinventing Spanglish”，即“一代人是如何重新创造Spanglish的”。故选C。
（2024·山东泰安·二模）A new form of real estate is popping up along the beaches of South Africa, which
are just big enough to fit a family of African penguins. Their unique selling point: a safe and cool place for
penguins to breed (繁殖).
Historically, the penguins dug holes in layers of guano (鸟粪), but in the 19th century, traders started
selling guano as fertilizer, leaving the penguins and their eggs increasingly exposed to predators (捕食者) and the
burning sun. This has caused African penguin populations to decrease. That’s why conservationists have come to
the rescue with the African Penguin Nest Project (APNP), which aims to employ artificial nests to provide
penguin parents a safe and shaded place to raise their chicks.
While guano trade petered out by the late 1800s, recreating the layers that accumulated over thousands of
years isn’t an option, because seabird populations have declined so much over time and it would take around 600
years to produce one usable guano layer. Hence, the project decided to build artificial nests. At first glance, they
look fairly simple--a domed structure made from two molded shells of fabric coated in ceramic slurry (陶瓷浆料),with a small entrance measuring about 20 centimeters wide.
Getting the right temperature and dampness inside the nest was the toughest and most crucial part. The two-
layer design and ventilation holes (通风孔) create an air conditioning effect, while the white paint reflects the sun,
helping to maintain an interior temperature of less than 35 degrees Celsius.
The project started to use the nests in late 2018.“Within a matter of minutes, penguins were running into
them,” says Graham, coordinator of APNP. “That tells you how desperate they are for any opportunity to find a
safe place to nest. However, population recovery relies on more than merely giving African penguins a safe place
to breed. It’s not simply a case of ‘we give them a nest, the species are saved ‘. There has to be more.”
33．What do we know about artificial nests?
A．They function better than natural nests.
B．They are designed and built scientifically.
C．They are unique attractions of South Africa.
D．They are equipped with mini air-conditioners.
34．What is the goal of APNP?
A．To raise money to preserve penguins.
B．To promote the sale of artificial nests.
C．To help penguins fight against diseases.
D．To provide habitable shelters for penguins.
35．What does the underlined phrase “petered out” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．turned up B．dried out C．faded away D．fell apart
36．Which of the following statements might Graham agree with?
A．Penguins breed more chicks in safer places.
B．Various conservation efforts need be combined.
C．Artificial nests have achieved the desired effect.
D．Artificial nests should be applied to other species.
【答案】33．B 34．D 35．C 36．B
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在南非海滩上为非洲企鹅建立的人工巢穴项目，旨在通过
科普的方式阐述该项目的背景、人工巢穴的设计特点及其对企鹅保护的意义。文中包含了对现象的描述、
答案第26页，共2页项目目的的说明、设计细节的解释以及项目实施效果的简要反馈。
33．推理判断题。由文章第四段中“The two-layer design and ventilation holes (通风孔) create an air
conditioning effect, while the white paint reflects the sun, helping to maintain an interior temperature of less than
35 degrees Celsius. (双层设计和通风口创造了空调效果，而白色油漆反射阳光，有助于保持室内温度低于
35摄氏度。)”可知，它们是经过科学设计和建造的。故选B项。
34．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“That’s why conservationists have come to the rescue with the African
Penguin Nest Project (APNP), which aims to employ artificial nests to provide penguin parents a safe and shaded
place to raise their chicks. (这就是为什么自然资源保护主义者发起了非洲企鹅巢项目（APNP），该项目旨
在利用人工鸟巢为企鹅父母提供一个安全、阴凉的地方来抚养他们的孩子。)”可知，APNP的目标是为企
鹅提供可居住的庇护所。故选D项。
35．词句猜测题。由文章第三段中的“recreating the layers that accumulated over thousands of years isn’t an
option, because seabird populations have declined so much over time and it would take around 600 years to
produce one usable guano layer. (重建几千年来积累的鸟粪层是不可能的，因为随着时间的推移，海鸟的数
量已经减少了很多，而产生一个可用的鸟粪层需要大约600年的时间。)”可知，重新创造历史上积累了几
千年的鸟粪层是不可能的，因为这需要大约600年的时间才能产生一层可用的鸟粪层。鸟粪贸易在19世
纪后期逐渐消失，petered out应该指的是“逐渐减少或消失了”。A. turned up出现；B. dried out干涸；C.
faded away逐渐消失；D. fell apart分崩离析。故选C项。
36．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“The project started to use the nests in late 2018.“Within a matter of
minutes, penguins were running into them,” says Graham, coordinator of APNP. “That tells you how desperate
they are for any opportunity to find a safe place to nest. However, population recovery relies on more than merely
giving African penguins a safe place to breed. It’s not simply a case of ‘we give them a nest, the species are saved
‘. There has to be more.” (该项目于2018年底开始使用这些巢穴。“几分钟之内，企鹅就撞上了它
们，”APNP协调员格雷厄姆说。“这告诉你它们是多么渴望找到一个安全的地方筑巢。然而，数量的恢
复不仅仅依赖于给非洲企鹅一个安全的繁殖场所。这不是简单的‘我们给它们一个巢穴，这个物种就得
救了’。必须有更多。”)”可知，Graham认为仅仅为非洲企鹅提供安全的繁殖地并不足以恢复其种群数
量，还需要更多的保护措施。因此，Graham可能会同意的观点是选项B“Various conservation efforts need
be combined. (各种保护努力需要结合在一起)”。故选B项。
（2024·湖北武汉·三模）Scientists have found a way to decode (解码) a stream of words in the brain
using MRI scans and artificial intelligence. The system reconstructs the main point of what a person hears or
imagines, rather than trying to copy each word, a team reports.“It’s getting at the ideas behind the words, the
meaning, says Alexander Huth, an author of the study.”Previous efforts to decode language have relied on sensors placed directly on the surface of the brain. The
sensors detect signals in areas involved in expressing words. But the Texas team’s approach is an attempt to
“decode more freeform thought,” says Marcel Just, a professor of psychology at Carnegie Mellon University.
The new study came about as part of an effort to understand how the brain processes language. Researchers
had three people spend up to 16 hours each in a functional MRI scanner which detects signs of activity across the
brain. Participants wore headphones that streamed audio from the Internet. Those streams of words produced
activity all over the brain, not just in areas associated with speech and language. After participants listened to
hours of stories in the scanner, the MRI data was sent to a computer. It learned to match specific patterns of brain
activity with certain streams of words. Then came a paraphrased version of what a participant heard.
The MRI approach is currently slower and less accurate than an experimental communication system being
developed for paralyzed people, where people get a sheet of electrical sensors implanted directly on the surface of
the brain. With an MRI-based system, no one has to get surgery.
But future versions of MRI scans could raise moral questions. “What if you can read out the word that
somebody is just thinking in their head? That’s potentially a harmful thing.” Huth says. This technology can’t
really read minds uncontrollably, though. It only works when a participant is actively cooperating with scientists.
Still, systems that decode language could someday support people who are unable to speak because of a brain
injury or disease. They are also assisting scientists in understanding how the brain processes words and thoughts.
37．What is special about the Texas team’s study?
A．Brain can be reconstructed. B．Expression can be perfected.
C．Meanings can be comprehended. D．Sensor signals can be improved.
38．What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The process of an experiment. B．Patterns of brain activity.
C．Steps of word matching. D．The way of speech decoding.
39．What can be implied about MRI scans from the last paragraph?
A．They are a double-edged sword. B．They are potentially harmful to life.
C．They are helpful to treat brain disease. D．They are well worth researching.
40．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．A Decoder That Can Read Your Mind B．MRI Scanner: Raise a moral question
C．MRI Scanner: Still a Long Way to Go D．A Decoder That Can Convey Meaning
答案第28页，共2页【答案】37．C 38．A 39．D 40．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家通过核磁共振扫描和人工智能来解码大脑中的单词流，
这项新研究是为了了解大脑如何处理语言。
37．细节理解题。根据第一段中““It’s getting at the ideas behind the words, the meaning, says Alexander
Huth, an author of the study.” (该研究的作者之一亚历山大·胡特说：“这是在理解单词背后的意思。”)”和
第二段“Previous efforts to decode language have relied on sensors placed directly on the surface of the brain.
The sensors detect signals in areas involved in expressing words. But the Texas team’s approach is an attempt to
“decode more freeform thought,” says Marcel Just, a professor of psychology at Carnegie Mellon University. (以
前解码语言的努力依赖于直接放置在大脑表面的传感器。传感器检测与表达单词有关的区域的信号。但
卡耐基梅隆大学的心理学教授马塞尔·贾斯特说，德克萨斯团队的方法是试图“解码更多自由形式的思
想”)”可知，德克萨斯研究小组的研究的特别之处是：单词背后的意思可以被理解。故选C。
38．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The new study came about as part of an effort to understand how the brain
processes language. Researchers had three people spend up to 16 hours each in a functional MRI scanner which
detects signs of activity across the brain. Participants wore headphones that streamed audio from the Internet.
Those streams of words produced activity all over the brain, not just in areas associated with speech and language.
After participants listened to hours of stories in the scanner, the MRI data was sent to a computer. It learned to
match specific patterns of brain activity with certain streams of words. Then came a paraphrased version of what a
participant heard. (这项新研究是为了了解大脑如何处理语言。研究人员让三个人每人花16个小时在功能
性核磁共振扫描仪上，以检测大脑活动的迹象。参与者戴着耳机，播放来自互联网的音频。这些单词流
在整个大脑中产生活动，而不仅仅是与语音和语言相关的区域。参与者在扫描仪中听了几个小时的故事
后，核磁共振成像数据被发送到电脑上。它学会了将特定的大脑活动模式与特定的词汇流相匹配。然后
是参与者听到的内容的释义版本)”可知，第三段的描写实验的过程。故选A。
39．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Still, systems that decode language could someday support people who
are unable to speak because of a brain injury or disease. They are also assisting scientists in understanding how
the brain processes words and thoughts. (尽管如此，解码语言的系统有一天可能会帮助那些因脑损伤或疾病
而无法说话的人。它们还帮助科学家了解大脑是如何处理文字和思想的)”可知，核磁共振扫描非常值得研
究。故选D。
40．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Scientists have found a way to decode (解码) a stream of
words in the brain using MRI scans and artificial intelligence. (科学家们已经找到了一种方法，通过核磁共振
扫描和人工智能来解码大脑中的单词流)”可知，文章主要说明了科学家通过核磁共振扫描和人工智能来解码大脑中的单词流，这项新研究是为了了解大脑如何处理语言。可知，A选项“A Decoder That Can Read
Your Mind (一个能读懂你的心的解码器)”最符合题意。故选A。
答案第30页，共2页
