2026 届各地最新高考模拟卷 阅读理解之说明文汇编
(1)
（25-26 高三下·湖北宜昌·月考）
“Have you raised a lobster ( 龙虾) yet?” This question has been heard frequently across China recently.
“Lobster” is the nickname for OpenClaw, a multi-purpose AI agent whose logo resembles a lobster. Unlike
traditional chatbots that only provide answers, OpenClaw can open applications, search for information, compare
prices, generate documents and complete multi-step tasks with minimal supervision. Thousands have lined up to try
it, and tech giants are rushing to offer setup services. However, these powerful digital assistants are turning on their
owners, raising urgent concerns about AI safety.
The core problem of “OpenClaw” lies in a dangerous capability mismatch. According to researchers from
Harvard and Stanford, today’s AI agents possess Level 4 autonomy, meaning they can independently complete
complex, multi-step tasks. Yet their security judgment remains at basic Level 2, roughly equal to a young kid’s
understanding of consequences. Security experts call this the “judgment-action gap,” which results in the “fatal
trifecta (三连击)”: agents have system access, process untrusted inputs, and steal or leak data — all without proper
boundaries.
To investigate these risks, researchers conducted controlled experiments with six OpenClaw instances, each
given email access and maximum system permissions. The results were alarming. In one experiment, an agent
asked to delete a single email instead reset the entire account. In another, a simple display name change tricked an
agent into deleting its own core files. Perhaps the most disturbing was a “constitution attack,” where hidden
instructions secretly placed into a behavior guide caused the agent to disable other systems without question. These
are not hypothetical — real-world incidents have already occurred.
The implications are obvious and pressing. As cyber-security experts warn, OpenClaw’s “blurred trust
boundaries” and autonomous system access create unacceptable risks for average users. The technology itself is
neither good nor bad — it can reduce stress and spark creativity when used properly. And experts recommend strict
safety measures: limit permissions, run agents in separate environments, require human confirmation for
destructive actions, and maintain inaccessible backups. Ultimately, with balanced usage and fundamental safety
redesign, the “lobster-raising” trend can become a safe and meaningful part of modern life.
1. What does the underlined phrase “turning on” most probably mean?
A. Keeping off.
B. Going against.
C. Appealing to.
D. Caring for.
2. According to Paragraph 2, there is a mismatch between ________.
A. high requirement and low capability
B. massive data and limited storage space
C. strong autonomy and low safety assessment
D. full system function and poor human supervision
3. What was the most worrying finding about OpenClaw?
A. Deleting its own core files on purpose.
B. Resetting the whole account by mistake.
C. Hiding its own behavior instructions secretly.
D. Shutting down other systems unquestioningly.
4. Which of the following is recommended as a safety measure?
A. Storing backups beyond AI’s reach.
B. Running agents in shared digital spaces.
C. Preventing AI from dangerous operations.
D. Granting AI agents unrestricted system access.
(2)
（25-26 高三上·浙江杭州·期末）
Have you ever escaped taking on a role or opportunity because you didn’t feel confident enough? Perhaps the
voice in your head asked: “Why me? I am not yet ready, not capable enough, or don’t have enough experience.”
If you can relate, you’re among the majority of women with whom I’ve worked. I recently asked more than
120 women, from areas including the U.S., UK, Australia, Georgia, Italy, India, Jamaica, and Bermuda: If you’ve
ever avoided risks, what factors and reasons contributed to this? More than 70% reported that selfdoubt, or not
having enough belief in themselves, their capabilities, or their skills, was a driving factor.
As one wellknown executive told me: “Every day I doubt myself. I doubt that I am good enough to be where I
am.”
This shouldn’t come as a surprise. We know selfdoubt is a pervasive and often paralyzing concern, particularly
for women. A study by psychologists at Cornell and Washington State highlighted higher levels of selfdoubt in
women. Research has also shown that women will apply for a job only if they meet all of the qualifications, while
men will apply when they fulfill only 60%. Another recent study identified a considerable gender gap when it
comes to selfpromotion, with women providing less favorable assessments of their own past performance and
potential future ability. Ultimately, men take more chances on themselves, and that pays dividends in the long run.
While this pattern of selfdoubt emerged again and again in studies, my interactions, and my client work, I also
noticed another commonality: These women’s selfdoubts weren’t sabotaging their success. The vast majority of
successful women leaders I’ve interviewed and coached have built exciting and satisfying careers even while facing
selfdoubt.
What these women also had in common is courage in the absence of confidence—a trait that is often
weaponized against women and used to explain why they fail to achieve career goals. My work has found that
successful women take decisive action to move forward even while grappling with fears and doubts and
questioning their own “readiness”.
“As women, we often feel like we have to be 100% ready in order to move forward. But, if you are 50% or
75% there, jump. Just do it,” said Megan Costello, former executive director of the Boston Mayor’s Office for
Women’s Advancement.
1. What is the real factor for women to escape taking on a role?
A. Higher risks.
B. Different beliefs.
C. Inner feelings.
D. Related experiences.
2. What is typical of women in terms of selfpromotion?
A. They tend to be less optimistic.
B. They prefer to be well qualified.
C. They try to be favorably assessed.
D. They hope to be clearly identified.
3. Which can best replace the underlined word “sabotaging” in Paragraph 5?
A. Promoting.
B. Weakening.
C. Achieving.
D. Balancing.
4. How do women with selfdoubts succeed?
A. They should be courageous and decisive.
B. They should keep themselves unprepared.
C. They should stop questioning their careers.
D. They should learn from famous executives.
(3)
（25-26 高三下·湖北孝感·月考）
One morning last month, I decided to try artificial intelligence on a pressing problem: my inbox. I had
hundreds of messages, and though most were junk, a handful were of actual interest. So I turned to Cora, an app
that uses A. I. to protect users from messages that don’t genuinely require a response. During setup, it read my
latest e-mails to learn who I am.
Typically, engaging with e-mail involves sorting messages into different layers of complexity. The shallowest
layer includes e-mails you can confidently delete. The next contains messages that can be satisfied with a simple
reply: “Got it” or “Thanks.” The deepest layer consists of messages that are quick to read but require significant
thought.
Consider this e-mail: “Hi Cal I’m John Doe’s brother…I’m working on a new tech startup…I’d love to grab
coffee with you. Any particular days work best?” Before I can respond, I need to assess the social and practical
implications of the request. Is John Doe sufficiently important to me that I need to do his brother a favor? If I agree,
when and where should I suggest? The task arguably bundles filtering (筛选), decoding, planning and analysis.
The morning after I activated Cora, I logged in with nervousness. Instead of thirty or forty messages, I found
only five requiring my attention. Boring as the moment might seem, I’m not sure that A. I. has ever made me more
excited than I was then.
Cora’s decisions seemed pretty good — all but two were indeed deletable (I could read the wrongly filtered
messages directly from the briefing webpage). The app even drafted possible replies for layer- two messages. What
it didn’t try to tackle were the layer-three ones.
In The Tacit Dimension, Michael Polanyi argued that our decisions depend heavily on unstated context. “…
we can know more than we can tell,” he wrote. A. I. is ignorant of this “tacit knowledge”, so it can’t reliably figure
out whether to say “yes” to that coffee invitation.
Still, A. I. e-mail tools can have a profound impact. Now I’m impatient for what comes next.
1. What is the author’s main purpose in trying Cora?
A. To screen inbox e-mails.
B. To study e-mail patterns.
C. To erase old inbox history.
D. To block unknown senders.
2. What can the “coffee” e-mail be viewed as?
A. A quick-reply note.
B. A delete-level item. C. A low-priority letter. D. A layer-three message.
3. How did the author feel after seeing only five e-mails?
A. Bored.
B. Doubtful.
C. Excited.
D. Nervous.
4. What may A. I. e-mail tools struggle with?
A. Judging context.
B. Spotting junk mail.
C. Writing short replies.D. Classifying messages.
(4)
（25-26 高三下·湖北黄冈·期中）
What if the computers of tomorrow didn’t depend on metal and plastic, but instead grew from the soil beneath
our feet? This idea is turning into reality in a laboratory, where researchers at The Ohio State University have found
that common fungi — such as shiitake and button mushrooms — can be used to create memory components for
computing.
These mushroom-based devices act as organic memristors (忆阻器), short for memory resistors. Unlike
traditional resistors, memristors have the unique ability to retain information about past electrical states. When
current flows in one direction, their resistance increases; when it flows the opposite way, their resistance decreases.
Even after the power is switched off, the resistance level remains, thus allowing memristors to function like tiny
memory units inside a computer.
Mushrooms contain a dense, thread-like network known as mycelium (菌丝体), which can send tiny electrical
signals — much like memristors do. To test this, scientists attached wires to dried mushrooms and sent small
electrical pulses through them. The results were remarkable: the mushrooms switched between electrical states up
to 5,850 times per second with about 90% accuracy. Although their performance dropped under higher electrical
frequencies, stability returned when several mushrooms were linked together — suggesting a kind of collective
intelligence, similar to how brain cells function together.
Beyond these exciting results, mushrooms come with major environmental advantages. Traditional memristors
rely on scarce minerals and require high energy consumption. Mushrooms, however, are renewable, biodegradable,
and easy to grow. Their mycelium can also be shaped into custom structures, making them suitable for wearable
electronics, smart sensors, and other emerging technologies.
“Everything needed to explore organic computing could be as small as a pile of natural waste and some
homemade electronics — or as large as a culturing factory,” said John LaRocco, the study’s lead author. “All of it is
achievable with the resources we already have.” In the not-too-distant future, the computers on our desks may very
well have taken root — quite literally — in the forest.
1. What does the underlined word “retain” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Track.
B. Store.
C. Gather.
D. Analyze.
2. What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning brain cells in paragraph 3?
A. The complex structure of mushrooms.
B. The rapid electrical response of mycelium.
C. The cooperative nature of mycelium networks.
D. The unstable performance of mushroom devices.
3. What advantages do mushroom-based memristors have according to paragraph 4?
A. They are rare and special.
B. They are smart and powerful.
C. They are creative and productive.
D. They are sustainable and adaptable.
4. What can be inferred about organic computing from John LaRocco’s words?
A. It has a low barrier to entry.
B. It will advance forest research.
C. It helps reduce agricultural waste.
D. It will create more jobs in factories.
(5)
（25-26 高三下·湖北襄阳·月考）
Near the Dominican Republic’s coast, tiny lab-grown “coral babies” are attached to spider-like metal
structures in underwater nurseries. This is the assisted coral fertilization program led by local marine protection
group Fundemar, offering a glimmer of hope for the world’s declining coral reefs.
The technology is critically important amid severe reef degradation. Seventy percent of the Dominican
Republic’s coral reefs now have less than 5% coral cover. Climate change not only kills corals directly through
warming oceans but also significantly reduces the natural reproduction chances of surviving individuals. “What
was once normal in coral reefs is no longer possible for many species,” noted Andreina Valdez, a biologist at
Fundemar.
Assisted fertilization fills this gap by artificially facilitating gamete fusion (配子融合). The implementation
follows a precise process. Each year, a few days after the full moon at dusk, corals release millions of eggs and
sperm. Fundemar’s team collects these gametes, performs artificial fertilization in the lab, and nurtures the larvae
(幼体) until they are robust enough for transplantation to reefs. Though only 1% of the 2. 5 million embryos
cultivated annually survive in the wild, this rate still outperforms natural reproduction on degraded reefs.
It holds distinct advantages over the non-sexual reproduction used in the past. Non-sexual reproduction
involves transplanting fragments of healthy corals, which is faster but produces genetically identical clones
vulnerable to mass disease outbreaks. In contrast, assisted sexual reproduction creates genetically diverse
individuals, significantly lowering the risk of widespread die-offs. Originating in Australia, the technology has now
expanded across the Caribbean, with projects in Mexico, Curaçao, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and Jamaica.
However, a fundamental challenge remains: climate change. UNESCO data shows oceans are warming twice
as fast as 20 years ago, increasing coral bleaching risks. Expert Mark Eakin stated, “You can’t conserve something
if you don’t have it. So these programs are helping to expand the population that’s out there.” Yet he urgently
warns, “Without tackling the 800-pound gorilla of climate change, much restoration work could be wiped out.” But,
for Fundemar, current efforts matter, “We are investing immense effort to protect what we love, and we trust many
around the world are doing the same. ”
1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A. To explain the reason of coral decline.
B. To advocate for coral protection.
C. To present a coral conservation project.
D. To highlight coral’s economic value.
2. What does the underlined phrase “this gap” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The challenge of climate change.
B. The lack of funding for marine research.
C. The absence of underwater nurseries.
D. The failure of natural coral reproduction.
3. What is the primary advantage of assisted fertilization?
A. Faster growth.
B. Wide-spread application.
C. Genetic diversity.
D. Lower disease-resistance.
4. What is Mark Eakin’s attitude toward assisted fertilization?
A. Entirely supportive.
B. Clearly indifferent.
C. Strongly opposed.
D. Cautiously hopeful.
(6)
（2025·浙江杭州·模拟预测）
A new study has found that breathing does more than just move air in and out of your lungs — it could even
be used to identify who you are. Scientists at Israel’s Weizmann Institute of Science discovered that each person
has a distinct breathing pattern, known as a nasal (鼻的) breathing “fingerprint”, a unique pattern that reveals clues
about a person’s physical and mental health. Notably, brain scientist Timna Soroka shared, “We were able to
identify differences between less depressed and non-depressed individuals.”
The researchers originally set out to better understand how our sense of smell works. In humans, the brain
processes smell during inhalation (吸入), and this close connection between the brain and breathing led the team to
wonder: could our breathing patterns reflect the way our brains are wired — and be unique to each of us? To
explore this question, they developed a lightweight, wearable device that tracks nasal airflow continuously for 24
hours.
The study, published in the journal Current Biology, tested 100 healthy young adults as they went about their
regular routines — running, studying, resting, and more. The results showed breathing patterns can identify
individuals with 96.8 percent accuracy. “I thought it would be really hard to identify someone because everyone is
doing different things,” said Soroka. “But it turns out their breathing patterns were remarkably distinct!”
Beyond individual identification, the study also found clear links between breathing patterns and body mass
index (BMI), sleep-wake cycles, and mental health traits such as anxiety and depression. For example, people who
scored higher on anxiety tests tended to have shorter inhalation periods. Importantly, the researchers noted that they
only know there is an association between breathing and mood, but they don’t know the cause-and-effect direction
— whether feeling anxious changes breathing, or a certain breathing pattern causes anxiety. If the latter is true,
changing how we breathe could potentially improve mood.
However, the current device has drawbacks: it uses soft tubes under the nose that can be uncomfortable to
wear and may slip during sleep, and it doesn’t track mouth breathing. The team is working on improving the device
and further exploring the breathing-mood connection to unlock more practical applications.
1. Why is breathing “fingerprint” mentioned?
A. To explain how the brain processes smell.
B. To introduce a newly-invented tracking device.
C. To show a link between breathing and depression.
D. To stress the uniqueness of personal breathing pattern.
2. What does the underlined word mean?
A. Connected.
B. Powered.
C. Controlled.
D. Trained.
3. What can we infer about the relationship between breathing and mood?
A. Changes in breath cure anxiety.
B. Anxiety always causes abnormal breathing.
C. Their exact relationship remains unclear.
D. Breathing is responsible for negative mood.
4. What is the main finding of this research?
A. Our fingerprints tell a lot about our health.
B. Breathing patterns link to identity and health.
C. A groundbreaking device reveals mental health.
D. Anxiety levels link to shorter inhalation periods.
(7)
（25-26 高三上·浙江杭州·期末）
When you hear the word “uncertainty”, what emotions arise? Fear, anxiety, excitement, or determination? As
humans, we experience conflicting needs: part of us needs to feel safe, secure and to have some routine, and
another part of us needs variety and opportunity. Life inevitably brings uncertainty and change — a reality that has
been particularly evident in recent years.
How does our brain detect uncertainty? Research reveals that noradrenaline (去甲肾上腺素) plays a central
role in our response to uncertain events. As a neuromodulator (神经调质), noradrenaline influences whether brain
cells receive calming or stimulating signals, thereby regulating our mental state.
To investigate the role noradrenaline plays, scientists at MIT conducted an experiment with mice. The animals
were trained to push a lever upon hearing a high-frequency noise, receiving a drink of water as a reward. They also
learned that activating the lever during a low-frequency noise would result in an unpleasant puff of air. The
researchers then introduced uncertainty by including a sound of unclear frequency.
The researchers discovered that the locus coeruleus ( 蓝斑) — a small brainstem area that modulates
noradrenaline — was essential in detecting uncertainty. When the outcome wasn’t clear, and the reward was a
surprise, the release was much larger. For example, when a mouse received a puff of air instead of the expected
reward, the locus coeruleus sent out a large burst of noradrenaline. Over time, the mice became less likely to press
the lever when rewards were uncertain.
The study concluded that the brain learns to manage varying uncertainty levels, with the locus coeruleus
playing a fundamental role. Complementary research at University College London identified two additional
neuromodulators involved: acetylcholine (乙酰胆碱) helps us adapt to environmental changes, while dopamine
motivates action during uncertain situations.
1. What is the primary function of noradrenaline?
A. Enhancing brain sensitivity to stimuli.
B. Creating emotional responses to uncertain events.
C. Regulating brain signals through chemical release.
D. Detecting various frequency sounds from different sources.
2. What can be inferred about mice from the experiment?
A. They preferred uncertain rewards to certain ones.
B. They avoided risks after unexpected outcomes.
C. They could distinguish all frequency differences.
D. They gradually learned to ignore the unclear sound.
3. How do neuromodulators work together?
A. They coordinate adaptation and action systems.
B. They compete to control human emotional states.
C. They function independently in separate brain areas.
D. They mainly work during laboratory experiments.
4. Which would be the best title for the text?
A. Laboratory Experiments with Animal Behavior B. Chemical Responses to Environmental Changes
C. Human Emotions in Challenging Situations
D. Brain Mechanisms for Handling Uncertainty
(8)
（25-26 高三下·浙江杭州·月考）
Can music help you concentrate at work? Researchers from the University of Wales Institute in Cardiff
conducted a new study, and it has some interesting results.
The research examined the ability of 25 people, aged 18 to 30, to remember information while listening to
various sounds. In one task they had to remember a list of eight consonant ( 辅音) letters, which were dictated to
them.
Participants in the study were tested under three different conditions: in a quiet environment, while listening to
music they liked, and while listening to music they didn’t like. The participants generally did better when they were
working in silence. The background music seemed to make memorization and recall more difficult. However,
scientists also found that listening to music before doing the tests seemed to help concentration.
“Despite describing their self-selected music as more pleasant, their performance was poor, just as it was when
they listened to music they disliked,” explained one of the researchers. So, even if you’re listening to music you
like, it’ll still interfere with your work.
This would appear to contradict the findings of scientists who have researched what is popularly known as the
“Mozart Effect”. This concept was invented by French scientist Dr. Alfred A. Tomatitis in 1991. Tomatitis
published a book, Why Mozart?, which described what he believed were the healing powers of listening to
Mozart’s music.
He also suggested that Mozart’s music could aid brain development. Later studies indicated it might enhance
children’s spatial intelligence, leading to a widespread belief that classical music could boost a child’s IQ. The
governor of the state of Georgia even once advocated allocating over $100,000 annually to supply classical CDs to
every newborn in the state.
Another study seemed to further contradict the idea that music could help with concentration. The researchers
found that surveyed university students mostly preferred studying in silence. Those listening to music preferred
instrumental songs, saying that lyrics are distracting.
So, if you’re studying for an exam, turn off your music!
1. Under which condition did participants perform best in the University of Wales study?
A. Prior exposure to music.
B. Listening to disliked music.
C. Working in silence.
D. Listening to favorite music.
2. What is suggested about the impact of the “Mozart Effect”?
A. It has led to some real-world practices.
B. It has been proven to enhance adult intelligence.
C. It mainly promotes the enjoyment of classical music.
D. It originates from governmental educational policies.
3. What is paragraph 7 mainly about?
A. Lyrics distract more than tunes.
B. Instrumental music aids concentration.
C. Students’ music tastes vary widely.
D. Quiet is often preferred for study.
4. What can be inferred about background music?
A. It best aids creative work.
B. Its effects are inconsistent across studies.
C. It improves performance in concentration tasks.
D. It affects people differently based on preference.
(9)
（2026·浙江宁波·二模）
Consumers rely on various ways to pay daily expenses. The problem is that they tend to spend more with
cashless payment methods in comparison to cash. This striking cashless effect has recently been confirmed by
researchers from the University of Adelaide.
Led by PhD Student Lachlan Schomburgk, the research team analysed 71 published and unpublished studies
from 17 countries, including data from more than 11,000 unique participants. They’ve found that cashless payments
lead people to spend more on status-signalling goods like jewellery, while this effect is notably absent in acts of
donation or tipping.
“Through this meta-analysis, we identified key factors that make the cashless effect stronger or weaker, which
individual studies could not find. By doing this, we uncovered new key understandings that had often been
overlooked by other researchers in individual studies.” Schomburgk explains.
The findings indicate that consumers should be mindful of how they pay for goods or services, as this helps
them spend less, especially critical in the current cost-of-living crisis. To avoid overspending, they’re advised to
carry cash instead of cards whenever possible as a self-control method. When using cash, they count and hand over
notes and coins, making spending more noticeable. If nothing is physically handed over, it’s easy to lose track of
how much is spent.
The study also provides useful insights for businesses and policymakers. “Businesses should know failing to
accept the cashless revolution might unintentionally be jeopardising profit potential,” Schomburgk says. “And
policymakers should communicate to individuals unfamiliar with cashless payments, such as people who don’t
have bank accounts, about the possibility of cashless methods to lead to overspending.”
Schomburgk stresses a need for urgent in-depth studies of new payment methods, as research on their specific
impacts remains limited due to their novelty. Studying these methods is vital to keep pace with the evolving
payment ecosystem and deepen understanding of modern consumers’ spending habits.
1. What has the study found about the cashless effect?
A. It exists in acts of donation.
B. It weakens with more cash use.
C. It links to the living cost crisis.
D. It works in specific consumption.
2. Why did the team adopt the meta-analysis?
A. To solve the overspending problem.
B. To compare cash and cashless payments.
C. To confirm factors causing the effect.
D. To break the limitations of single studies.
3. What does the underlined word “jeopardising” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Risking.
B. Preserving.
C. Shifting.
D. Boosting.
4. What can be inferred about new payments according to Schomburgk?
A. They need to be popularized.
B. They are developing rapidly.
C. They should be further studied.
D. They will affect spending habits.
(10)
（25-26 高三上·江苏南京·月考）
When a person is trapped in an avalanche (雪崩), there is very little time before their oxygen supply runs out.
A new safety device that channels air to the buried person’s face may extend survival and increase the chance of a
successful rescue, a clinical trial suggests.
Participants were buried face-down under at least 50 centimeters — about a foot and a half — of snow at a
field site in northern Italy. The goal was to remain there safely for 35 minutes. No one in the group wearing a
functioning safety device needed to be removed early due to low blood oxygen levels, researchers report October 8
in The Journal of the American Medical Association.
Minutes after an avalanche burial, blood levels of oxygen begin to drop and those of carbon dioxide climb.
The chance of survival decreases starting at 10 minutes. Around two-thirds of people whose head and chest are
trapped under snow will die of insufficient oxygen within 35 minutes. The safety device, integrated into a
backpack, has a fan that draws air from the surrounding snow and directs it to the face from outlets in the shoulder
straps (肩带). Called Safeback SBX, the battery-operated device weighs a little over 500 grams, or about a pound.
In the trial, researchers monitored participants’ oxygen levels, heart and respiratory (呼吸的) rates and other
health measures during burial, which ended if anyone’s blood oxygen level became dangerously low,below 80
percent. This did not happen for the 12 people in the safety device group. Eleven remained buried for the full 35
minutes, while one asked to be removed early due to unexpected skin irritation (瘙痒).
In contrast, seven of the 12 using a sham device (假装置) had to stop prematurely because they fell below the
blood oxygen cutoff. Another four requested an early end：Three felt short of breath and one had a panic attack.
The length of time the sham device group remained buried largely ranged from 5 to 13 minutes. Only one person in
that group stayed under the snow for the full 35 minutes.
Avalanches kill an average of 100 people in Europe each year, including skiers and mountain climbers.
Avalanche deaths in the last several years in the United States have ranged from roughly one dozen to several
dozen.
1. What is the primary function of the new safety device?
A. To keep the buried person warm under the snow.
B. To locate the position of the buried person accurately.
C. To send emergency signals to rescue the buried person.
D. To provide a continuous air supply to the buried person.
2. Which of the following can be Safeback SBX?
A.
B.
C.
D.
3. Compared to the sham device group, how did the group with the functioning device perform?
A. They showed significantly lower heart rates.
B. They maintained higher blood oxygen levels.
C. They reported fewer instances of skin irritation.
D. They were more likely to have trouble breathing.
4. The author mentions avalanche deaths in the last paragraph to _________.
A. emphasize the importance of timely rescue
B. justify the needs to use the new safety device
C. warn mountain climbers of the danger of avalanches
D. indicate the rising number of deaths caused by avalanches
(11)
（2026·江苏常州·模拟预测）
Why do some people keep making choices that hurt them, even when the outcomes are obvious? A new study
led by UNSW Sydney’s Dr Philip Jean-Richard-dit-Bressel has found that for a small number of people, the
problem isn’t due to a lack of motivation or capacity, but rather a persistent failure to connect their actions with its
consequences.
The paper, published recently in Nature Communications Psychology, details a simple online learning game
where participants are faced with making choices that lead to either reward or punishment. Researchers observed
three distinct behavioural types.
There were Sensitives — those who worked out which choices led to bad outcomes and changed their
behaviour to avoid them. Next were the Unawares — people who didn’t work it out, but were able to modify their
strategies once they were shown the error of their ways. The third group — and the ones who the researchers were
most interested in — were the Compulsives, who continued to make the wrong choices even after being shown
where their strategy was letting them down.
“We found that some people just don’t learn from experience,” said Dr Jean-Richard-dit-Bressel. “Even when
they’re motivated to avoid harm and are paying attention, they fail to realise their own behaviour is causing the
problem.”
While the researchers are careful not to overstate the findings, the results of the punishment-learning-game
experiments could inform the way we tailor treatments for self-destructive behaviour like gambling (赌博), drug
and alcohol addictions. “Of course, real life is far more complex than the simple game we designed,” Dr Jean-
Richard-dit-Bressel said. “But the patterns we’re seeing, where people ignore both experience and information, are
similar to what we see in gambling and other compulsive behaviours.”
The research also has important implications for public health messaging. Currently, most campaigns rely on
providing information — about smoking, drinking, diet, or financial risks — with the assumption that people will
act on it. But this study suggests that for some, like Compulsives, a different kind of intervention may be needed.
1. What does Dr Philip Jean-Richard-dit-Bressel’s research focus on?
A. Key elements in choice-making.
B. Opportunity cost in choice-making.
C. The link between choices and outcomes.
D. The causes of self-destructive choices.
2. What do we know about the Compulsives?
A. They lack the ability to concentrate.
B. They fail to recognize bad outcomes.
C. They are unable to learn from experience.
D. They are unwilling to admit their mistakes.
3. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. A limitation of the research.
B. An explanation of the research methods.
C. Supporting evidence for the research results.
D. Potential application of the research findings.
4. What does the author think of current public health messaging?
A. It’s inaccessible.
B. It’s insufficient.
C. It’s misleading.
D. It’s unnecessary.
(12)
（2026·江苏苏州·模拟预测）
Whether you’re looking for a job, a house, or a romantic partner, there’s an app for that. But as people
increasingly turn to digital platforms in search of opportunity, Daniela Saban, an associate professor of operations,
information, and technology at Stanford Graduate School of Business, says it’s time to take a critical look at the
role of algorithms ( 算法). She explores how properly designed algorithms can improve the fairness and
effectiveness of matching processes.
Saban has focused much of her research on what she calls “matching markets,” and she’s been particularly
fascinated by online dating. In one study, she and several coauthors partnered with a major U.S. dating platform to
explore how updates to the app’s algorithm could improve outcomes for romantic hopefuls looking to spark new
connections.
Analyzing data from the app, Saban developed a model that not only prioritized potential matches based on a
user’s preferences but also took into account the likelihood that the person on the other side of the potential match
would be interested. “I not only want to show you people that you will like, I also want to show you people that
will like you back,” Saban notes. Factoring in users’ history, activity levels, and this two-sided approach to
preference led to a substantial increase in matches during field experiments in Texas. “Our algorithm increased the
number of matches by 27% in Houston and by over 37% in Austin,” Saban says.
Similarly, when working with the volunteer matching platform VolunteerMatch, Saban identified an imbalance
in how volunteer opportunities were being distributed. Some organizations were receiving an overwhelming
number of sign-ups, sometimes even more than they needed, while others struggled to attract any volunteers at all.
By adjusting the search algorithm to consider the number of volunteers an organization needs and has already
received, Saban and her team were able to ensure a more reasonable distribution of volunteers across opportunities.
The technical details of algorithms may be complicated, but our commitment to fairness and equity doesn’t
have to be. If we want algorithms to work for good, we need to make conscious choices about how we design them.
1. How do people search for opportunities nowadays?
A. By learning algorithms.
B. By making use of online tools.
C. By developing critical thinking.
D. By analyzing the matching processes.
2. What do we know about the model Saban developed for the dating app?
A. It has attracted more users to the app.
B. It makes a user’s preferences a top priority.
C. It focuses on two-sided preference matching.
D. It presents more potential matches to the users.
3. On what basis did Saban adjust the algorithm of VolunteerMatch?
A. The preferences of the volunteers.
B. The popularity of the organizations.
C. A match between volunteer and organization types.
D. A balance between the demand and supply of volunteers.
4. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?
A. The Power of Digital Matchmaking
B. A New Era of Opportunity Searching
C. Designing Algorithms for Better Matches
D. Volunteering Better with Equal Distribution
(13)
（2026·江苏苏州·二模）
Few people outside the shipping industry know palletization, widely called “dǎbǎn” in Chinese air freight. It
refers to loading goods onto standardized unit load devices, a key step that ensures the safety and efficiency of air
transport. According to IATA’s 2024 report, over 90%of global air cargo depends on this method,with about 1.1
million active devices supporting cross-border delivery every day.
Palletization follows strict and clear rules: heavy goods are placed at the bottom, fragile items are kept
above,and all packages are neatly arranged and tightly fixed with nets or straps. This careful arrangement prevents
goods from sliding or falling during flight. Wei Jianming, a loading supervisor at Ezhou Huahu Airport, leads a
team of workers handling hundreds of tons of cargo daily. A 2025 study on aircraft loading shows that standard
weight distribution cuts in-flight cargo movement by 87%, greatly reducing flight safety risks and protecting
valuable goods from damage.
This process also creates huge economic value for global trade. A 2023 IATA survey notes that 2% to 20% of
improperly prepared load devices are rejected each year, causing flight delays and extra transport costs. During the
pandemic,Guangzhou Customs’ efficient pallet system reduced medical supply handling time to within 13 hours.
Special temperature-controlled pallets also protect vaccines and medicine by keeping them at 2–8℃for up to 120
hours, which is highly important for international medical support.
Modern palletization has become more technical and environmentally friendly.Eco-friendly composite pallets
cut carbon emissions by 38% compared with traditional metal types, and over 10,000 have been put into use since
2023. Efficient palletization shortens the factory-to-flight process to just 15 hours, supporting hundreds of billions
of yuan in cross-border trade. As a vital part of air cargo, it keeps global logistics and emergency supply chains
running smoothly and reliably,connecting businesses and families across the world.
1. Why does the author introduce palletization at the beginning of the text?
A. To explain a professional term.
B. To lead in the core topic.
C. To show air cargo’s global growth.
D. To compare different transport methods.
2. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
A. Improper palletization causes extra economic losses.
B. All unit load devices are rejected every year.
C. Medical supplies need no temperature control.
D. Guangzhou Customs created the pallet system.
3. What does the underlined word “composite” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Natural.
B. Traditional.
C. Metal.
D. Synthetic.
4. What might be discussed in the following paragraph?
A. How to expand air cargo scale in the future with palletization
B. How to update palletization operation rules for the years ahead
C. How to reduce flight delays via palletization in the coming years
D. How to further improve palletization for future development
(14)
（25-26 高三下·江苏扬州·月考）
Most of us in the entrepreneurial (企业家的) community are blessed — or cursed — with higher-than-average
ambition. Ambitious people strongly desire accomplishments and are willing to take more risks and spend more
effort to get them.
Overall, this is a positive quality, especially for people trying to build their own businesses. Apparently, if
you’re more naturally driven to set goals, you are more likely to succeed.
Actually, this isn’t always the case. In fact, in some cases, extreme ambition may end up doing more harm
than good.
One major side effect of excessive ambition is the tendency to focus too determinedly on one particular vision
or end goal. This is problematic because it affects your ability to adapt to new circumstances, which is vital if you
want to be a successful entrepreneur. If a new competitor emerges to threaten your business, you may need to
change direction, even if that means not sticking to your original vision. If you have too much ambition, you’ll find
this hard, if not impossible.
Few people are successful when they try to build their first brand. Unfortunately, for the most ambitious
entrepreneurs, a failure is seen as disastrous, and impossible to recover from.
It’s a clear departure from the intended plan toward the intended goal. For people with limited ambition,
however, failure is viewed as something closer to reality. Remember, failure is inevitable, and every failure you
survive is a learning experience.
Ambitious people tend to be more materialistically successful than their non-ambitious counterparts. However,
they’re only slightly happier than their less-ambitious counterparts and tend to live significantly shorter lives. This
implies that even though ambitious people are more likely to achieve conventional “success,” such success means
nothing for their health and happiness — and if you don’t have health and happiness, what else could possibly
matter?
Clearly, some amount of ambition is good for your motivation. Without any ambition, you wouldn’t start your
own business, set or achieve goals, and get far in life. But an excess of ambition can also be dangerous, putting you
at risk of burnout, stubbornness, and even a shorter life.
1. What does the author think of most entrepreneurs?
A. They could work smarter but not harder.
B. They are more willing to risk their own lives.
C. They are more ambitious than ordinary people.
D. They possess more positive qualities than most of us.
2. What does the underlined word “excessive” in Para. 4 probably mean?
A. Normal.
B. Overdone.
C. Balanced.
D. Insufficient.
3. According to the author, which is important to become a successful entrepreneur?
A. Holding on to one’s original vision.
B. Focusing determinedly on a particular goal.
C. Avoiding radical change in one’s career direction.
D. Being flexible and responsive to changing environments.
4. What does the author advise us to do concerning ambition?
A. Prioritize health and happiness over material success.
B. Avoid taking unnecessary risks when starting a business.
C. Follow the example of the most ambitious entrepreneurs.
D. Distinguish between conventional success and our life goal.
(15)
（25-26 高三下·湖北武汉·月考）
Late last year, in the days before the Dosakian election, a video featuring a well-known journalist and a key
candidate circulated on social networks. However, it was absolutely fake (虚假的). The International Press Institute
has called this episode in Dosakia the first time that AI deepfakes — fake images, or videos generated by artificial
intelligence — have influenced a national election greatly.
Security experts consider misinformation the biggest global risk recently — more dangerous than war, and
extreme weather events. A constant stream of people is wrestling with this issue. Now even economists are joining
in.
Economist Iyan Smith, and others conduct a real-world experiment to see whether simple, low-cost nudges, or
interventions, can be effective. Instead of focusing on the supply side of misinformation like social media
platforms, they pay attention to the demand side: increasing our capacity to identify the fake information.
The economists split participants randomly into four different groups. One group was shown a video
demonstrating a convincing journey of two people from two different social groups who, before interacting, express
negative stereotypes (刻板印象) about the other’s group, overcoming their differences and ultimately regretting
unthinkingly using stereotypes to dehumanize one another. Another group completed a personality test that shows
them their cognitive traits (认知特点) causing prejudice, hoping to increase their self-awareness, and decrease their
demand for misinformation. A third group did both while a control group did neither.
The economists find the simple intervention of showing the video makes the participants over 30 percent less
likely to “consider fake news reliable”. But the personality test has little effect. As for participants doing both, they
were about 31 percent less likely to view true headlines as reliable. In other words, they became so skeptical that
even the truth became suspect.
Smith and his colleagues are far from the first scholars to fight misinformation by helping people to think
more critically. University of Weymouth psychologist Lisa Kindle also advocates similar ways to help reject
misinformation in the wild.
1. What does the author intend to do in the first two paragraphs?
A. Highlight the risk of AI deepfakes.
B. Discuss the global threat landscape.
C. Describe Dosakia’s election outcome.
D. Introduce the concept of misinformation.
2. What is “an effective nudge” in Smith’s new study?
A. The cognitive trait.
B. The short video.
C. The personality test. D. The negative stereotype.
3. What conclusion can be drawn from the study?
A. Videos reduce misinformation.
B. Deepfakes may discredit truth.
C. Misinformation causes dehumanization.
D. Personality tests sharpen thinking skills.
4. What might be the best title for the text?
A. Battling Fake News
B. Deepfakes in Elections
C. The Spread of Misinformation
D. Expanding Thinking Capacity
