初中英语完形填空解题技巧
通常做题者从总体上把握文章主旨，接受作者所传达的信息与情感，针对完形填
空，提出了各种多层次、全方位的理解技法，其中以总体把握法、词语搭配法、
语法判定法、语境联想法、举例对比法最为重要。这里首先讲解以下四种解题
法：
1.总体把握要通读完形填空的短文，跳过空格快速阅读，了解全篇的主要内容。
切不可把宝贵的时间浪费在个别字句推敲上。
2.弄清体裁文章体裁通常分为四种：论述文、记叙文、说明文和应用文。中考
选文以叙事性文章为主，如：幽默故事、科普知识、童话、简短新闻、名人轶
事、社会热点问题等。读这类文章，要大体上了解故事所涉及的时间、地点、人
物、事件及前因后果。
3.重视主题句完形填空所用的短文一般不给标题，但短文的主题句，往往在每段
文章的首句，有时也出现在文章的中间或结束处。主题句提供全篇的性质、大意
等，这是深入了解全文的“窗口”，甚至能以语句为立足点，从该句的时态、语气推测
全文的主要内容。
4.语境联想利用上下文的提示，用学过的知识和已有的生活经验，扫清部分词汇
理解上的障碍。
一般说来讲解以下三种解题技法：
1.
词语搭配
(1)从语法角度来说，句子不是词的序列，而是词组的序列。
(2)因搭配关系而产生的一般性词汇。如：see a film
(3)词序和意义皆以固定的复合词和动词短语。如：push ahead with(奋力前行)。
(4)因词组而构成的常见的句式：It feels+形容词+不定式，在搭配判断时，注意：
要区别外形相近而意义不同的搭配。如：look for, look over, look out, look after,
look up 等。要区别形不相似而意义相近的搭配。如：I paid 12 pounds for the
dictionary. The book cost me a lot. It took three men to lift the box.句中都有“付出、
花费、需要”的意思。译成汉语时似乎相通。但更要注意它们之间的搭配变化；
要注意单个词组的多义性。如：take off 有“脱下(衣服)，(飞机)起飞，匆匆离开，
取下，休假等多种含意。
2.
语法判定
(1)
要注意出现频率较高的词类题，依次为动词、介词、代词、连词、形容
词、副词。选择各类词时，要注意以下几个方面：a.名词的选择，应联系文章
主题及空格前后出现的有关词，注意其性和数的一致。b.动词的选用，要注意词
义和惯用搭配，还要区分近义词之间的用法差异及所给词的形式。c.选择介
词，应注意其惯用法，特别是与动词或其他词组成的固定搭配。d.选择代词，要
注意性、数、格是否准确。e.选择连词，要注意分析前后句或上下文的逻辑关
系。f.选择形容词和副词，要注意词义的区别，用于比较时，还要注意词形变
化。
(2)
要注意句法题，搞清句子的种类、类型、省略和倒装a.句子的种类包括陈
述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。一般以考查疑问句、感叹句的词序为多见，
其次是祈使句的零时态等。b.句子的类型有简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合
句。中考考查要点是在复合句里的状语从句、宾语从句和直接/间接引语，也考
查简单的定语从句。c.句子的省略与倒装很少考查，却要看懂，不能引起对文章
的曲解。
(3)在语法适用方面，可以用择优法和排除法a.择优法是把各选项代入短文中，
选出在词义上符合要求，且在语法上又没有语病的答案。b.排除法是在代入选
项时如发现选项单词意义不对，或词与词搭配不妥，或存在语法错误，或与上下
文有矛盾，则迅速排除不合适的选项，剩下的就是正确答案。3. 例举对比。在完
形填空的多项选择中，常常会遇到难以选择的题目。需要调动头脑里的知识“储
备”，例举熟知的语言现象与之相比较，再做出明智的选择。
一般的解题过程是：
1.通读全文，掌握大意。结合选项初步弄清短文写了些什么内容。
2.瞻前顾后，分析先行。在理解全文意思的基础上，结合文章内容对空缺句子作
合乎逻辑的推理。必须弄清空缺词句的确切含义，空缺词句与其前后句的意义衔
接必须自然、合理，不可出现意义断层或说东道西的情况，必须从空缺句的内部
结构入手，从语法、词语固定搭配、词形变化等角度考虑，务必使所填的单词准
确无误。3.反复推敲，攻克难关。如果做不出来的话，可能要改变一下思路。
如实词多与文章的内容直接相关，虚词多与文章的连贯性或句子结构直接相
关，如果从内容上实在看不出要填哪个单词的话，应考虑是否需要填介词、连
词等。4.验证答案，修正错误，着重注意这几点：
(1)文章是否顺畅；(2)所填单词是否是最佳单词；(3)所填单词是否有拼写错
误。
初中英语完形填空解题技巧
完形填空设空以实词为主、虚词为辅，单词为主、短语为辅。动词、名词、
形容词、副词、代词等实词通常要占全部小题数的80%以上。而介词、连词、冠
词等虚词则相对考得较少。完形填空解题步骤:通览------试填-----复核做完形填
空的过程可以分三步走：
第一步: 着眼大局，速度全文。用3~4 分钟，以略读方式快速浏览全文，从
语篇整体上了解文章的主题、文体特点，找出作者的观点、态度、思路，结合段
首句、段尾句和含有连贯意义的词语，找到文章的句与句以及段与段之间的逻辑
关系。
第二步：逐句通读全文，各个击破，做到通读与猜测并行。对含义明显的词
汇、固定搭配或习惯用法、常用句式等纯知识问题，可以边读边猜测答案。针对
在通读过程中未能轻易猜出答案的题目，利用上下文及字里行间的线索来猜测答
案。
第三步: 检查核实，通读选定答案后的全文。此时的文章是一个语法结构正
确，用词准确，上下文逻辑关系严密，主题突出，内容充实，意思连贯的整体。
从以下几方面对所选答案进行核查：
1.所选的单词或短语是否符合本句内容，是否使上下文连贯和谐，是否与全文意
思一致。充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这
些词有可能是同义词或反义词。
1) Many old people don’t have good
. They can’t watch TV, but the
y can listen to music or news over the radio .
A
hearing
B
health
C
eyesight
D
time
2) Some parts of the water are very
shallow. But in some places it is
very, very_
.
A. deep
B. high
C. cold
D. dangerous
2.所选的单词或短语是否符合某种固定搭配。包括动词与介词的搭配、动词
与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。
Washington was named
George Washington, the first president of t
he United States.
（D）
A. by
B. for
C. as
D. after
3.所选的单词或短语是否符合某种句型、时态、语态的特殊要求。
4.所选词本身或附近词有无特殊要求，如有些动词后面只接动名词而不能接不定
式等。
【考点扫描】
“完形填空”题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型
题型。它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点，既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、
动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等，又考查了逻辑推理和事理推
断能力。
“完形填空”题要求填入的词主要有：
1. 语法结构所要求的功能词，如连接词、连接代词、连接副词、关系代词、关
系副词等。
2. 具有语法变化的普通词，如动词的时态、语态、语气，名词的数，代词的格，
形容词和副词的级等。
3. 固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词。
4. 同义词、近义词等易混淆词。
5. 根据上、下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词。可见，完形填空是一种综合性
较强的题型。它的突出特点是起点高、容量大。
同学们只有具备了扎实的语言基本功、较好的阅读能力及归纳判断能力，才能适
应这一题型。
完形填空题的考查目的
1.考查同学们阅读理力。
2.考查同学们语法知识。
3.考查同学们综合运用英语知识的水平和实践能力。
【名师解难】一、完形填空题的命题特点
完形填空题是通过阅读考查学生语言知识及语言知识综合运用能力的一种
测试形式。命题人在一段难度适度的文章中留出10 个空白，要求考生从所给的
A, B, C, D 四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使补足的短文意思通顺、结构完整。
完形填空是介于单项填空和阅读理解之间的一种题型。可以说它是根据一篇文章
所提供的情景进行的选择填空，也可以说它是在缺少个别单词情况下的阅读理
解。完形填空既有对语法规则、习惯用法和词语搭配的考查，又有对文章内
容的通篇理解。完形填空主要考查以下三个方面的内容：
1、词汇：此类题目考查的内容是：近义词的区别，词语的固定搭配和习惯用
法。近几年陕西省中考题中的完型填空题考查的词汇类别涉及到名词、代词、动
词、介词、连词、形容词、副词和短语动词。
2、语法：此类题目考查的是：各种语法规则在文章中的运用。其中包括名词的
单复数，形容词、副词的比较等级，动词的时态和语态，介词、数词、代词和连
词的用法，主谓一致，各种从句的用法等。
3、结构：此类题目考查的是：文章中间句子与句子之间，段落与段落之间，上
文与下文之间的逻辑关系。
从设空的类型看可分为三个层次：
1、句子层次
2、句组层次
3、全篇层次设空的难度，从句子层次到句组层次，再到全篇层次，依次增加。
分析近几年陕西省的完形填空题，我们可以看出陕西省完形填空题的设空
主要以句子层次为主，以句组层次为辅，几乎没有全篇层次题目。因此总体难度
较低。
As they left Mr. Penbury peacefully reading in the park, Bill talked to Tom about
the wanted man whose picture they had seen outside the police-station.
“tall, thin and with36
hair,” he said. “Mr. Penbury!” shouted Tom,
“It37
him perfectly.”
“exactly,” said Bill with both joy and 38
. “39
we know that our40
isn’t the wanted man.” Rejected(反驳)Tom.
“all the same,” said Bill, pretending to be serious. “I think I oughtto 41
with the police about this.”
Tom42
with his friend about the plan. But Bill 43
to revenge(报
复)himself for all the punishments 44
Mr. Penbury had given him
unfairly in his opinion. He stopped at the next 45
and went in. He46
when he came out.
“Well, what did you say to them?” Tom asked.
“Oh, I just said that there was a man in the47
, who looked very much
like the 48
man.”
“but they must have known that it was a boy 49
,” Tom said.
“I don’t think so,” Bill explained. “I changed my 50
. I spoke 51
my father.”
The boys never found out for certain 52
Mr.Penbury was actually
taken to the police station that Sunday. He appeared at school the next
morning 53
. However, Tom felt that Bill’s trick must have 54
because he often caught Mr. Penbury studying their faces witheven 55
attention.
36. A. few
B. little
C. several
D. a few
37. A. copies
B. keeps
C. likes
D. fits
38. A. sadness
B. surprise
C. happiness
D. excitement
39. A. Though
B. And
C. But
D. Or
40. A.teacher
B. friend
C. classmate
D. student
41. A. have a try
B. have a word
C. have a discussion
D. have a speech
42. A. agreed
B.disagreed
C.followed
D. discouraged
43. A. considered
B. decided
C. realized
D. thought
44. A. when
B.where
C.how
D.that
45. A. restroom
B. street corner
C. phone box
D. police station
46. A. was crying
B. was interesting
C.was smiling
D. was surprising
47. A. street
B. school
C. way
D. park
48. A. correct
B. strange
C. punished
D. wanted
49. A.speaking
B. talking
C.saying
D. telling
50. A. voice
B. sound
C.name
D. idea
51. A. as
B. like
C. after
D. before
52. A. what
B. whether
C. that
D. which
53. A. as well
B. as much
C. as usual
D. as often
54. A. started
B. helped
C. worked
D. failed
55. A. little
二、题型特点
B. great
C. less
D. greater
（1）完形填空是一种测试学生的外语语言知识以及运用这种语言的综合能
力的试题。
（2）完形填空所选的短文长度在250 个词以内，难度并不大，但涉及的范围很
广。文体多以记叙文为主，考查内容集中在考生对名词、动词、形容词和副词等
实词的理解上。
（3）考点层次从小到大分为四类：单词层次，词组层次，句子层次与语篇层次。
（4）选项中的干扰项设置与语法结构错误无关，重在文意的干扰。
三、试题要求
（1）巩固、扎实、熟练的英语语法知识和丰富的英语知识。
（2）文章阅读能力和技巧，特别是快速阅读理解能力，甚至是跳过一些词语的
能力。
（3）扎实的英语词组、短语，惯用法等固定搭配的知识，词语意义和词法的辨
析能力。特别是以动词为中心的词组。
（4）逻辑思维能力，特别是理解文章整体内容、主题思想的能力和推理判断的
能力。
（5）根据试题捕捉相关信息能力。
四、应试技巧
1.快速通读全文，掌握主旨大意。答题时不要急于看选项、找答案，应通篇浏览
短文，掌握文中时间、地点、人物及事件。短文开头的第一、二句通常是主题句，
或是告诉我们文章所讲的主要内容是什么。完形填空首句一般不预留空白，因此
认真阅读短文开头的第一、二句，有利于准确地预测和推断短文的主旨。2.抓
住结构、语义及逻辑三条线索，推断和预测选项完形填空是人为地切断短文的
思路，再让学生依据自己对文章的理解恢复短文思路的题型。我们在答题时，
首先要注意所选的答案填入空白处后，整个句子语法结构(词性、语态、语气、
时态)是否合理；其次，看语义是否通顺，上下文是否连贯、呼应；第三，如果
几个选项填入空白处，结构和语义没有问题，那么就要在逻辑上看哪个选项填入
最为合理。3.要特别注意词组、习语和句型的积累、同义词的辨析以及生活常
识的运用完形填空是考查学生熟练地掌握词组、习语和句型的有效题型，因此我
们平时要注意词组、习语和句型的积累，特别是《教学大纲》和《考试说明》中
要求掌握的那一部分词组、习语和句型；在答题过程中，我们如能迅速地判断词
组、习语和句型，不仅提高了答题的准确率，而且可以节省答题时间；辨别同义
词的不同含义是考查学生对词汇掌握的重要途径，很多词语在不同的上下文中
会有不同的意思，因此我们一定要在认真读懂短文的基础上作答；运用生活常识
也是正确答题的有效手段。4.选项填完后，通读短文，仔细检查连词、副词的
使用。我们在选项填完后，一定要通读短文，从整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是
否一致，上下文衔接是否合理；另外，连词、副词也是完形填空常考的词，我们
选择后要特别注意上下文的语气、语态、避免出现逻辑混乱。5.解答试题的时
候，可利用直接法、排除法和比较法等选择正确答案。五、题目解析：
36．B.
few, several, a few 这些词要修饰可数名词, 但是文中空格后的名词
hair 是不可数名词,故用little 来修饰.
37．D.
由上下文可知这里应该填入的单词意思是“与…..相符”而suit, fit 两个
都有此义。但是suit 更侧重“颜色，衣服，发型等适合某人”，因此这题就选择
Dfit。
38．D．根据上下文的语义理解, excitement 为最佳答案. 39．C．这一题
考察连词的用法，由题干就可知应该是转折关系的连词but
40．A．根据下文所介绍的内容可推测出这位先生是他们的teacher。
41．B．考察固定词组的意思。Have a try 尝试一下have a word 与某人通话
have a discussion 讨论一下have a speech 这不是一个词组。与警察通话就
要用have a word
42．B．从上文的reject 这个动词可知Tom 的态度是反对的，因此要用disagreed
43．B．固定用法decide to do sth。其他动词都不能加to do。
44．D．考察定语从句的用法。先行词有all 修饰，而且定语从句中缺少宾语，
故只能用that
45．C．由下文可推知他是去给警察打电话，所以应该是进入电话亭phone box。
46．C．这题考察逻辑推理能力。
47．D．
48．D．这两题较简单，因为在文中第一句就有讲过。
49．A．在电话上说话应该用speaking
50．A．voice 指人的声音
sound 指一切能听到的声音
51．B．“像…..一样”而且后面加名词的，就只能用“like”
52．B．因为前面说他们还没有确定，因此应该选择“是否whether”
53．C．考察固定词组的用法，as usual 意为“和平常一样”
54．C．“起作用” work
55．D．even 后加形容词比较级
初中英语阅读理解的解题技巧
阅读理解也是中考英语题的必考题目之一，本题型旨在考查学生阅读，理解
的能力，几年来，中考英语题中的阅读理解材料新，题材丰富，考查学生综合推
断能力，根据语篇猜单词意思的能力的力度加大，也考查学生关注细节的能力。
所以学生往往要么没能正确理解语篇中某些句子的意思，在细节题上丢分，要么
就是对语篇的整体把握不够，在综合题或者推断题方面丢分。那么到底怎么做好
阅读理解这一题型呢？我将从以下三个方面谈论这个问题：
一、解题思路
（一）先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数，有
的放矢。
（二）快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意发现与问题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至
少要扫视一下起首段和尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大
意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。
（三）细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容。这是解题的关键，应特
别注意以下几点：
1．抓住四个"W"和一个"H"，就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把What (事件)，When
（时间），Where（地点），Why（原因），How（经过）划出来。抓住了四个“W”
和一个“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。
2．抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等。因为这些词具有
因果，让步，递进，转折，指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。
这对考生分清文章层次，辨明各种关系，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进行逻
辑推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重的作用。
3．注意领会文章的寓意。
4．根据题意，初选答案。这一步须仔细审题，领会测试要求，确定解题方法。
对那些明显的，有把握的题可以断然确定，不必把其余三个答案再作推敲而浪费
时间：有些略难的题，应再查阅短文（不是重读一遍），迅速找出依据，予以排
除。常用的解题方法有如下几种：
①直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。
②归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线
索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。
③综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归
纳出正确答案。
题干中有
"suggest,
conclude,
conclusion,
probably,
reason,
because, according to“等字眼时，属于推断概括型，考查内容着眼于全篇，
考生应具备一定的分析归纳，推理等逻辑思维能力。
④捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词
或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。
⑤转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转
换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。
⑥排除法。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用
排除法得出正确答案。四、重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。在解完最后一道题
后，如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍；用全文的主题思想统率各思考题，研究
其内在联系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，
以便减少失误。
二、题型分类初中英语阅读理解往往有以下三大题型，抓住它的解法和思路，
就可以顺利做好这些题目：
（一）选择符合文章的选项
（二）判断正误
（三）根据文章内容回答问题，现今该题型归纳在任务型阅读中，此处不做详解。
典型例题分析
（一）根据内容，从短文后每题的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。
Mr Brown first went to look at the underground - fire when he was seven.
"Through the hole（洞）intheearth you could see the orange fire, but you had to look
fast because it was so hot," said Mr Brown. In 1898, he saw the fire once more（再一
次）.
Now, we can only see the smoke. The fire Mr Brown saw is not
the
underground - fire. In fact,
there are 260 coal（煤）fires in the world.
They are harmful（有害）and dangerous. Then how to put them out?
Scientists have tried to set（放置）fire to underground coal to speed up
（加速）the fires. In this way, the burning（燃烧）ofunderground coal would be soon
finished.（被烧完）。
1.
Mr Brown first saw the underground - fire
.
A. at the age of seven
B. seven years old
C. in the year of 1898
D. more than（超过）80 years ago
2.
Mr Brown said that we had to take a fast look at the fire because
.
A. it was in the hole
B. it was very hot
C. it was orange
D. it was harmful
3. How many coal fires are there in the world?
A. There's only one. B. It's hard to say.
C. There are 260. D. The article（文章）doesn't tell us.
4. What’s one of the best ways to put out（扑灭）the underground fire?
A.
To cover（覆盖）the holes with stones（石块）.
B.
To speed up the fires.
C.
To see the fires burning.
D. To do some experiments（试验）.
5. What is the best title（标题）for the article?
A.
Watching the Underground - Fire.
B.
A Way to Put Out the Coal Fires.
C.
The Burning Earth.
D.
Coal and Coal Fires.
答案分析]
1. 在文章的第一段的第一句里可以找到依据。at the age of seven 等于when he
was seven，故正确答案为A 。
2. 这一题可以在第一段里直接找到答案，属于直接回答题。正确答案为B。
3. 这一题可以在第二段里直接找到答案，属于直接回答题。正确答案为C。
4. 在文章的最后一段提到了扑灭火的最好方法，那就是使火加速燃烧。正确答
案为B。
5．完成这道题需作一定的归纳，因为文章中没有给出直接的回答。文章从Mr
Brown 两次看火，然后说出地下火的危害，最后提出如何灭火的方法。文章的前
两段是给为什么要灭火和如何灭火铺垫，如何灭火才是文章的中心。故正确答案
为B。
（二）根据文章内容判断正误
Fred telephoned his wife. “I’ve got two free tickets for the theatre tonight,”
he told her. “Meet me outside the office. We’llhave something to eat and then go on
to the theatre.”
Fred’s wife was very pleased. They hadn’t been to the theatre for a long
time. She met her husband as he told her. They had dinner and got to the
theatre just in time.
At the entrance Fred took out his wallet to get the tickets. “It’s very
strange,” he said. “They aren’t here!” “Try your pockets,” said his wife. But
the tickets weren’t there, either.
Then Fred looked very embarrassed (尴尬). “What’s the matter?” asked his
wife. “Well,” Fred said, “I remember what I did with my tickets. I put them in my
bag. But because I wasn’t going home, I left it in the office!”
(
) 1. One day, Fred was given the tickets
for the theatre.
(
) 2. Fred and his wife went to the
theatre quite often.
(
) 3. Fred wanted to meet his wife in a
restaurant.
(
) 4. They reached the theatre neither
late nor early.
(
) 5. Then Fred couldn’t find his tickets and remembered what he had
done with the tickets.
答案分析：
1、T 因为第一段中提到Fred told his wife
“I’ve got two free tickets…” “free” 此处是免费的意思。
2、F
第二段中提到“They hadn’t been to the theater
for a long time.”
3、F
第一段中Fred 说“Meet me outside the office.”
4、T
第二段中“in time”是及时的意思。
5.
T 结尾处提到的。
（三）阅读下面短文，然后回答文后问题。
Taking exams always makes me nervous ．What about you? Here are some
suggestions that my friend offers me．
Preparing for exams
The most important part of preparing for an exam is to know what to study．
Review subjects you've spent a long time on during classes，look through what
you were asked to read and topics of essays and homework，or ask your teachers to
see if they can give a few suggestions．Once you know what to study，the next is to
know how to study．
Arriving at an exam
How you arrive at an exam will decide how you take your exam．Be sure to arrive：
Early．
With a full stomach．
Well rested．
With all the things you will need for the exam．
Having your own exam habits
Before you begin your exam，be sure to：Set up your things close by．
Put your name and other identification information on your exam-answer sheet．
Read all the directions．
Make a brief plan about how you will divide your time between sections．
Take a few deep breaths every time you feel nervous．
If you prepare well for your exam ，
arrive confidently and settle in before you
begin．Don't spend more time on a question that you should unless you're ahead of
schedule(时间表)．
根据短文内容，回答下面的问题。
1．What is the most important before you take an exam?
2．Should you arrive at an exam early or on time?
3．What should you do if you feel nervous just before an exam?
4．How would you feel if you got everything ready?
答案分析：
1．to know what to study
根据建议一可知，考前最重要的就是要知道学什么。
2．Early
根据建议二可知，考试时要提前到。
3．Take a few deep breaths
根据建议三可知，考前紧张是要深吸一口气，能缓
解紧张的心情。
4．Confident．根据短文内容可知，一切准备就绪，你就会很自信。三、题材
分析
（一）家庭、朋友与个人情况在中考阅读理解中，记叙文阅读题目的考查难度
逐年增加，多使用贴近学生
生活的素材，多以故事形式出现。针对这种题型主要抓四大要素，即时间、地点、
人物和事件的起因、发展和结果，以及人物之间的关系，从中分析他们的思想品
质、性格特征等；理解文章大意后，找出关键的句子和一些与考查内容有关的问
题所在，这样，便于我们解题时“顺藤摸瓜”，找出问题的答案。
这类阅读一般是对文章理解能力的考查，抓住文章的关键句和关键词是非常
重要的。
做题思路：先看清题干，带着问题读文章，明确把握问题指向，避免“回视”
现象，提高做题的速度。
例如：
1990 was a significant year in world events．In February，Nelson Mandela was set
free after 27 years in prison．In October，East and West Germany became one country
again．Then at the end of 1990，the World Wide Web was born．For this final event
we have one man to thank，Tim Berners Lee，the father of the Web．
Berners Lee was born on June 8，1955 in London，England．Hisparents，both
computer designers，encouraged him to think and work creatively as he grew up．He
was an excellent student and naturally took an interest in computers and science．
After graduating from Oxford University，Tim went to work at a science research
centre in Switzerland．There he developed some of the different systems that would
later become the Web．The first was HTML，the computer language used to make web
pages．The second was an address system that let computers anywhere find each other
and send and receive information ．In 1990 ，while still at the science centre in
Switzerland，he put them together to make the first Internet browser(浏览器)．It could
run on any computer and allowed people to creat website to share their information
with the rest of the world．
Tim knew that the more people used the Web，the more useful it would be．He
wasn't interested in money but knowledge，so he gave out his invention for free to
anyone who was interested ．Many were interested and the growth of the Internet
began．
Today Tim works as a professor at the MIT in America，researching new and
interesting ways to use the Web．Hehas received many awards from governments and
organizations for his efforts．He is still not very interested in money．That is why he is so
admired by his students and workmates．It may also be one of the reasons that few
people outside the world of technology know his name．
阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
(
) 1 ．The underlined word "significant" (in Paragraph 1) most
probably means
"
"．
A．strange
B．terrible
C．important
D．difficult
(
) 2．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A．The address system was used to make web pages．
B．The World Wide Web was created in Switzerland．
C．The first web browser was very expensive to buy．
D．Many people could use the Internet before 1990．
(
) 3．What can we learn about Berners Lee from the passage?
A．He was encouraged to be creative．
B．He didn't do well at school．C．
He is a very poor businessman．
D．He is well known all over the world．
(
) 4．Where does Berners Lee live today?
A．England．
B．Switzerland．
C．America．
D．Canada．
(
) 5．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The events that took place in 1990．
B．The history of the Internet．
C．The invention of the Internet browser．
D．The man who created the Word Wide Web
答案解析：
1．C 根据第一段第三、四句话可知，发生在1990 年的世界事件：东西德统
一，World Wide Web 的诞生。由此我们不难推测出，significant 是指“重要，重
大”。故选C。
2．B
根据第三段“...an address system that let computers anywhere find each other
and send and receive information...”可知选项A 与此不符；根据第四段可知，Tim
只对知识感兴趣而对金钱并不感兴趣，因此他免费贡献出他的发明web
browser，故选项C 不正确；根据第一段，我们知道web 是在1990 年诞生的，
因此1990 年前，人们不可能使用web，故排除D。所以正确答案为B。
3．A
根据第二段可知，Tim 学习成绩优秀，故排除B；文中没有提Tim 是
个商人，故排除C；根据最后一段最后一句话“...few people outside the world of
technology know his name．”可知Tim 并非世界闻名，故排除D。根据文中第二
段“...encouraged him to think and work creatively...”可知正确答案为A。
4．C
根据最后一段第一句可知Tim 现在住在美国。
5．D
这篇文章主要介绍的是Web 之父Tim Berners Lee．
（二）学校生活与语言学习校园生活与语言学习是中考阅读理解考查的一个热
点话题，一方面与学生生
活、学习、交流等息息相关；另一方面，来自社会，紧贴社会生活，具有一定的
时代感和现实意义。这类话题多是说明文，做题时要注意说明的对象、内容及说
明方法。这类题要注意每段话的开头部分，整体把握材料信息。
做题思路：把握信息，找出题眼，梳理信息，进行解答问题。
When you see the girl for the first time，you may think she is a boy．She is very
outgoing(外向的)．Who is she? Wang Meng，the Chinese top skater．
On the evening of February 26th，2010，Wang Meng first got to the finishing line
in 1 minute and 29.213 seconds in the women's 1000 meters short track speed skating
final( 短道速滑决赛) at the Vancouver Olympic Winter Games( 温哥华冬奥
会)．After she succeeded in the 500-metre and 3000-metre races，she won her third
gold medal this time．With this one China won four gold medals in the women's short
track speed skating ．That helped China first win the team gold medal in Winter
Olympics history．
Just before the final race Wang Meng caught a bad cold and coughed terribly．
With the words of "You can，youcan do!" she won at last．Shesaid，"Ireally feel these
three gold medals belong to my team，to China．It was with the help of my team that
I won the prize．"
Though Wang Meng is only twenty-four ，she has been the most successful
Chinese skater．We are proud of her and her team．We hope she will be faster in Sochi
Olympics in 2014．
阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
(
) 1．China won gold medals in the women's short track speed skating．
A．2
B．3
C．4
D．5
(
) 2．It took Wang Meng 1 minute and 29.213 seconds to finish the short track
speed skating final．
A．women's 1000
B．men's 1000
C．women's 500
D．men's 500
(
) 3．In Wang Meng's opinion，made her win the prize at last．
A．a strong body
B．a bad cold
C．her team's help
D．much exercise
(
) 4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Wang Meng is very outgoing like a boy．B．
Wang Meng is the most successful Chinese skater．
C．Chinese people are proud of Wang Meng and her team．
D．China has got the team gold medal twice in Winter Olympics history．
答案解析
1．C 由第二段倒数第二句“With this one China won four gold medals...”可知正确
答案为C。
2．A
由第二段第一句“...Wang Meng first got to the finishing line in 1 minute and
29.213 seconds in women's 1000 meters...”可知正确答案为A。
3．C 由第一段最后两句“I really feel these three gold medals belong to my team...
with the help of my team that I won the prize．”可知由于团队的帮助她才获得了成
功，故正确答案为C。
4．D 由第二段最后一句“That helped China first win the team gold medal...”可知
D 项的表述是错误的。
（三）天气与自然随着社会经济的快速发展，社会和谐已提上日程，天气与自
然环境很快就成
为人们关注的话题之一。此类话题多是说明文和议论文。这就要求我们了解说明
文和议论文的特点，这样才能对问题进一步地分析和解读，才能自觉地完成命题
要求，取得高分。
解题思路：把握该类话题的特征，对所给信息进行归纳整合
例如：
Earthquakes happen without warning(前兆)．They can happen any time of a day，
at any point during the year．When an earthquake is happening，you should know
what you should do or not do．
Do NOT go outside ．You could get injured from falling glass or parts of
buildings．If you are outside，stay away from buildings and power lines(输电线)．
Stay under a desk，table，or other strong furniture．Hold on to it．Or stay in a
corner of the building ．Cover your face and head with your arms and cover your
mouth with a towel or clothing．Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go
outside．
Keep away from windows ，
pictures or advertisements on the wall or the
building，and anything else that could fall and hurt you．Most people get injured by
falling things during an earthquake，not by the shaking itself．
Also keep away from a fire．You could fall down and burn yourself on the fire．
If you are driving when an earthquake happens，stop the car if it's safe．Stay
inside your car until the earthquake stops，anddon't drive near bridges．Try not to stop by
power lines ortrees．These could fall and hurt you．阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳
答案。
(
) 1．It isn't safe for you to
while the earthquake is happening．
A．run out of the building
B．stay in a corner of the building
C．cover your head with your arms
D．cover your mouth with a towel
(
) 2．From this passage，we know
．
A．many people fear earthquakes B．
earthquakes maybe happen at any time C．
we can't save ourselves in an earthquake D．
people never get injured in earthquakes
(
) 3．The best title for this passage should be "
"．
A．How Earthquakes Happen
B．How to Drive a Car
C．What We Should Do in Earthquakes
D．Why Earthquakes Happen
答案解析
1．A BCD 三项在第三段可找到答案；根据第二段内容可知A 项的做法是不
安全的，故正确答案为A。
2．B
根据第一段前两句可知，地震可能随时会发生，故B 项为正确答案。
3．C 通过全文可知本文主要是在介绍发生地震时，我们应该采取哪些措施才
能使自己避免受伤，故正确答案为C。
（四）历史与地理本话题在中考中所占比例不多，在历史方面要注意历史事件
发生的时间、地
点、原因以及有何影响等，而对地理知识的考查，一般多与旅游观光等内容相结
合，这就要求我们了解各地的名胜古迹、遗址等。
解题思路：熟悉文章，找准问题关键所在，提高解题速度和质量。
例如：
On February 3rd，1949，NewYork Harbor(港) was an exciting place．Many people
were there to greet a ship from France ．
On the ship were 49 French railroad
boxcars( 火车车厢) filled with gifts from the people of France to the people of
America．These boxcars were from the famous Merci Train (Merci，a French word
meaning "thank you")．
After world War Ⅱ(二战)，a lot of factories，roads and farms in France had been
destroyed．Many French people had no jobs or money and had little to wear and little
to eat．In the winter of 1947，a train was sent across the United States，stopping in
cities and towns along the way ．
At every stop ，
people gave whatever they
could．Factories gave clothing and medicine．Farmers gave food．Families gave
money．Even school children gave away their pocket money(零用钱)．All the things
were then taken to France by ship．
By 1949，the French had begun to recover(恢复) from the war．The Merci Train
was their way of saying "thank you" to America．French people had filled the boxcars
with gifts．Most of them were personal，like hand-made toys，children's drawings，
or postcards．But the boxcars themselves were perhaps the most meaningful of the
gifts ．On each car ，the French people had painted the pictures of all their 40
provinces，with an American eagle on the front．The boxcars were taken to each state
of America，where they were warmly greeted．
Now many of the states still keep their boxcars．Gifts sent by the French people
can still be seen in some museums．The Merci Train came out of the war，but it now
reminds the world that countries can also work together in peace(和平)．阅读短文，
根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
(
) 1 ．Many people crowded at New York Harbor on February 3rd ，1949
to
．
A．welcome the Merci Train
B．meet their families C．
have a big party
D．start a trip by ship
(
) 2．In 1947，a train stopped in cities across America in order to
．
A．give away clothing and food
B．get more soldiers for the war
C．collect things to help French people
D．show exhibitions from the museums
(
) 3．The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 3 refers to(指)
．
A．the American people
B．the French people
C．the boxcars
D．the gifts
(
) 4．TheFrench people painted their 40 provinces and an American eagle on each
boxcar because
．
A．they thought France was stronger than America
B．it could show the friendship between the two countries
C．the boxcars would be more beautiful
D．they were very good at painting pictures
(
) 5．The passage is mainly about
．
A．the story of the Merci Train
B．American museums where the boxcars are kept
C．gifts that American people liked
D．World War Ⅱ答案解
析
1．A
根据第一段内容我们可知许多人来到New York Harbor 的目的是为了欢
迎来自法国的Merci Train，故正确答案为A。
2．C
根据“At every stop，people gave whatever they could... All the things were
then taken to France by ship．”可以推测出正确答案为C。
3．D
根据第三段第三句和第四句的personal，like hand-made toys...”可知them
指代的是gifts，故正确答案为D。
4 ．B
根据“...the French people had painted the pictures of all
their 40
provinces，...where they were warmly greeted．”可以推测出正确答案为B。
5．A
通过文章内容我们可知整篇文章都是围绕Merci Train 来写的，故正确答
案为A。
（五）社会万象在中考阅读理解中，本话题包括的题材很多，它们来自生活，
来自社会，针
对这些题材要求抓住关键的句子和一些与考查内容有关的问题所在，这样便于我
们解题时“顺藤摸瓜”，找出问题的答案。这种题型一般是对文章理解能力的考查，
抓住文章的关键句和关键词是非常重要的。
解题思路：看清题干，明确把握问题指向，带着问题读文章，避免“回视”
现象，提高做题的速度，提高解题质量。
例如：
In most cultures，when you meet people you know for the first time during a
day，itisusual to greet them．Once a young woman from England went to Hong Kong to
work ．
When she first arrived ，
she knew little about the Chinese culture of
language．On her way to school one day，she went to a bank to get some money．To
her surprise，the bank clerk asked her if she had had her lunch．She was surprised at
such a question because in the British culture it would mean an invitation to lunch．
Between unmarried young people it can also mean the young man's interest in dating
the girl．Since this bank clerk was a stranger to the British woman，she was
very puzzled，and quickly answered that she had eaten already．After this she went on
to school and was even more surprised when one of the teachers asked her the same
question．
By now she understood that it could not be an invitation but was puzzled as to
why they asked it．In the following days she was asked the same question again and
again and she spent many hours trying to work out why so many people kept asking
her this．At last she thought that these people must be concerned about( 关心) her
health．Shewas rather thin at the time，andshethought they must be worrying that she
was not eating well!
In fact the question like that has no real meaning at all — it is only a greeting．
根据短文内容，判断句子的正误，正确的在括号内写“T”，错误的写“F”。
(
) 1．The young British woman went to Hong Kong for work．
(
) 2．The British woman went to the bank to get some money．
(
) 3．The bank clerk invited the young British woman to lunch．
(
) 4．The teacher's question made the British woman happy．
(
) 5．In fact the young British woman didn't know much about Chinese culture．
答案解析
1．T
根据“Once a young woman from England...”可知这年轻英国妇女是来香港
工作的，故此句表述是正确的。
2．T
根据“...she went to a bank to get some money．”可知此句表述是正确的。
3．F
通过本文最后一句我们可以了解到，在中国问别人“吃了吗”是表问候，而
不一定是真正的想请人吃饭。故此句的错误的。
4．F
根据“After this she went on to school and was even more surprised...”可知此
句表述是错误的。
5．T
根据文章内容我们知道，这位英国妇女对中国文化不是很了解，所以对“if
she had had her lunch”产生困惑。当然，中考英语阅读理解题的材料远不止这些
种类，但只要运用了上面的基本的
解题技巧，也能把这个题型做得很好。
实战练习
一
My brother，Henry，has a good job at a bank．I couldn't believe him when he told
me that he had decided to give it up．Though I tried to make him change his mind，I
failed completely．
"You should reconsider your decision，" I said，"You have already spent five
years in the bank and you could have a wonderful future．You might become a bank
manager by the time you are thirty-five．"
"I know，" Henry answered，"I have got no complaints with the bank．It is a
pleasant job．The bank manager told me my future was good．"
"Then why do you want to leave?" I asked．
"It's the money，" Henry said．
"But you are getting a good salary．" I answered．
"I don't mean that，"Henry said，"What do I do in the bank? Well，atthemoment all
I do is to count money．I found it very depressing．"
"What is depressing about counting money?" I asked．
"You don't understand，" Henry answered，"I enjoying counting my own money，
but I hate counting other people's!"
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
(
) 1．The writer wants to know
．
A．what his brother does at the bank．B．
how long his brother has worked at the bank
C．why his brother has decided to leave the bank
D．when his brother will become a bank manager
(
) 2．His brother does not enjoy
．
A．working in pleasant conditions
B．keeping happy hours C．
counting his own money D．
counting other people's money
(
) 3．You should reconsider your decision．Here the word "reconsider" means
"
"．
A．think of
B．think
C．think over again
D．think better of
(
) 4．From the writer's words we know the bank pays his brother
for
his work．
A．a good salary
B．as much money as the manager's
C．no money
D．not much money
(
) 5．The best title for this story is
．
A．A Good Job
B．The Wonderful Future
C．Money Problem
D．Change In Mind
答案：
1．C
Henry 在银行工作，有丰厚的待遇和美好的未来，“我”想知道他为什
么还要辞职。
2．D
从最后一句hate(讨厌) 可知他不喜欢替别人数钱。
3．C
从构词法可知re 表重复，“再考虑一下”自己的决定，现在待遇不错，
前途也光明，放弃很可惜。
4．A
由文中“But you are getting a good salary”可知。
5．C
“钱的烦恼”一方面自己薪水很高，但每天又忙着替别人数钱而不是替
自己数钱，给他的兄弟带来心理的不平衡，这些钱不是他自己的。
二
Last spring I was walking in a park．In front of me there was a mum and her 3-
year-old daughter．The little girl was holding a string(线)，which had a balloon at
the other end．
All of a sudden，a light wind took the balloon away from the little girl．I thought
she would cry．
But ，no! As the little girl turned to watch her balloon rise to the sky ，she
cheerfully shouted out "Wow!"
That little girl taught me something．Later that day，I received a phone call from
my friend，he told me an unexpected problem．I felt lied replying with "Oh no，what
should we do?" But remembering that little girl，I found myselfsaying，"Wow，that
is interesting! How can I help you?"
One thing is for sure — life is always going to make us face unexpected
problems．However，how to deal with them is our choice．We can choose to be
annoyed or interested．
No matter what the situation is，a "Wow!" will always beat "Oh，no．"
So the next time you meet one of life's unexpected guests，remember that little
girl and make it a "Wow!" experience．The "Wow!" always works．
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
(
) 1．Who was holding a string with a balloon?
A．The writer．
B．The mother．
C．The little girl．
D．My friend．
(
) 2．What did the girl do when the balloon rose to the sky?
A．She was crying．
B．She ran to her mother．
C．She asked me to help her．D．
She was happy and cheered "Wow!"
(
) 3．What can learn from the little girl?
A．How to play．
B．How to deal with unexpected problems．
C．How to choose friends．
D．How to help others．
(
) 4．Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．The little girl is 3 years old this year．
B．My friend told me a happy thing．
C．No matter what the situation we face，a "Wow" always beat "Oh，no"．
D．The mother shouted "Wow!" when the balloon rose to the sky．
(
) 5．How do we deal with the unexpected problems in our life?
A．Accept．
B．Hate．
C．Annoy．
D．Escape(逃避)．
答案：
1．C
根据第一段话的内容可知，小女孩手里拿着一根带有气球的线。
2．D 根据二、三两段内容可知，当气球飞向天空的时候，小女孩看着，
惊叹的“哇”了一声，所以选D。
3．B 根据文章四、五两段的内容可知，作者从小女孩身上学到对待生活
的态度，用“Wow”代替了抱怨。
4．C 根据文章的内容可知，小女孩今年应该是4 岁，排除了A；我的一
个朋友告诉我一个麻烦的问题，可以排除B；由上文可知，气球升上天空时，
小女孩“哇”了一声，也排除了D；所以选C。
5．A 根据文意可知，生活中的一些问题，我们要勇敢地面对，既不要抱
怨也不要逃避，应该微笑着面对人生。
