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练习 51 语法填空＋阅读理解
授课提示：对应学生用书128页
Ⅰ.语法填空
2024·江苏淮安联考 说明文 175词 ★★★☆☆
If you had the chance 1.________ (return) to ancient China and ask an educated man
2.________ his biggest dream was, he would tell you that he wanted to become a zhuangyuan,
a title 3.________ (give) to the scholar who came first in the highest imperial examination (科
举考试 ).
In ancient China, it was not that easy to be 4.________ official. You have to take exams
first. The exams are very difficult and have many 5.________ (procedure). The outcome has to
be confirmed by the Emperor 6.________ (he). The number one scholar with the best score in
the imperial exam is called zhuangyuan. Once you are selected 7.________ the zhuangyuan,
you will be appreciated by the Emperor and appear in a parade downtown with a red robe (礼袍)
and a tall, strong horse. Now the imperial 8.________ (compete) examination has been canceled
for many years.
However, people still like to call the 9.________ (good) person in their field a
zhuangyuan. The old saying 10.________ (go) that there are 360 trades and every trade has its
master, or zhuangyuan.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。在古代科举考试中获得第一名的学者被称为状元。
现在科举考试已经被取消很多年了，然而，人们仍然喜欢称他们领域里最好的人为状元。
1．答案与解析：to return 如果你有机会回到古代中国，问一个受过教育的人他最
大的梦想是什么，他会告诉你，他想成为一个状元，这是一个授予在最高科举考试中获得
第一名的学者的头衔。在If引导的条件状语从句中已有谓语动词 had，空处应用动词不定
式作后置定语，修饰名词chance，说明chance内容。故填to return。
2．答案与解析：what 参见上题解析。空处引导宾语从句，作ask的宾语，从句中缺
少表语，此处表示“问一个受过教育的人他最大的梦想是什么”，应用what引导该宾语从
句。故填what。
3．答案与解析：given 参见第1题解析。空前的a title是名词作同位语，空处应用非
谓语动词作后置定语，修饰a title。a title和动词give之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去
分词形式。故填given。
4．答案与解析：an 在中国古代，成为一名官员并不那么容易。official“官员”为可
数名词，其前无限定词，又根据句意，此处表示“成为一名官员”，空处应用不定冠词表
示泛指。official的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
5．答案与解析：procedures 考试很难，有很多程序。procedure“程序，步骤，手
续”可作可数名词，空前有many修饰，空处应用复数形式。故填procedures。
6．答案与解析：himself 结果必须得到皇帝本人的确认。根据语境可知，此处表示
“皇帝本人”，应用反身代词himself。故填himself。
7．答案与解析：as 一旦你被选为状元，你将受到皇帝的赏识，并穿着红礼袍和一匹
高大强壮的马出现在市中心的游行队伍中。be selected as意为“被选为”。故填as。8．答案与解析：competitive 现在这种皇家竞争性的考试已经被取消很多年了。空处
应用形容词作定语，修饰名词 examination，compete的形容词形式是 competitive，意为
“竞争的，竞争性的”。故填competitive。
9．答案与解析：best 然而，人们仍然喜欢称他们领域里最好的人为状元。根据语境
和空前的定冠词the可知，空处用形容词的最高级形式。故填best。
10．答案与解析：goes 俗话说“三百六十行，行行出状元”。空处在主句中作谓语，
此处叙述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语The old saying是单数形式，空处应用单数
形式。故填goes。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2024·武汉调研 说明文 304词 ★★★★☆
When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents, most of them proudly replied,
“Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese/etc.” But this kind of response misses the point.
More often than not, what we mean when we say someone “has an accent” is that their
accent is different from the local one, or that pronunciations are different from our own. But this
definition of accents is limiting and could give rise to prejudice. Funnily enough, in terms of the
language study, every person speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in how we
produce sounds that define our accents. Even if you don't hear it yourself, you speak with some
sort of accent. In this sense, it's pointless to point out that someone “has an accent”. We all do!
Every person speaks a dialect (方言) , too. In the field of the language study，a dialect is a
version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structure , phrases and words. For
instance, “You got eat or not？” (meaning “Have you eaten？” )is an acceptable and
understood question in Singapore Oral English. The fact that this expression would cause a
standard American English speaker to take pause doesn't mean that Singapore Oral English is
“wrong” or “ungrammatical”. The sentence is wellformed and clearly communicative, according
to native Singapore English speakers' solid system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just
because it's different?
We need to move beyond a narrow conception of accents and dialects—for the benefit of
everyone. Language differences like these provide insights into people's cultural experiences and
backgrounds. In a global age, the way one speaks is a distinct part of one's identity. Most people
would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. We'd learn more about the world we
live in and make friends along the way.
【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述了口音指的是什么，口音存在的普遍性以及口音的价值
所在。
1．What does the author think of his/her friends' response in Paragraph 1?
A．It reflects their selfconfidence.
B．It reflects their language levels.
C．It misses the point of communication.
D．It misses the real meaning of accents.
答案与解析：D 推断。根据第一段中的“Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese/etc”和
第二段中的“what we mean when we say someone... with an accent”可知，通常情况下，当我
们说某人“有口音”时，我们的意思是某个人的口音与当地的口音有差别或者和我们自己
的发音有区别，事实上每个人都有口音。据此可以推测，朋友的回答很明显误解了“口音”的真正含义，故D项正确。
2．Why does the author use the example of Singapore Oral English?
A．To justify the use of dialects.
B．To show the diversity of dialects.
C．To correct a grammatical mistake.
D．To highlight a traditional approach.
答案与解析：A 推断。举例一般是为了说明上文中提到的较为抽象或晦涩的概念。
根据第三段中举例前面的“a dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its
variations of structure, phrases and words”可以看出，作者之所以拿新加坡的方言举例是为了
说明方言不过是具有特定结构、短语和词汇的语言变体，由该段最后一句也可知，不能因
为方言是不同的就认为它不正确。故A项“证明使用方言是正当的”正确。
3．What does the author recommend us to do in the last paragraph?
A．Learn to speak with our local dialect.
B．Seek for an official definition of accents.
C．Appreciate the value of accents and dialects.
D．Distinguish our local languages from others'.
答案与解析：C 推断。根据最后一段中的“Language differences like these provide
insights into... make friends along the way”可知，语言的差异会让我们更加了解不同的文化经
历和背景，了解我们居住的世界，并帮助我们结交朋友。由此可以推断，作者建议我们要
懂得欣赏口音和方言的价值，故C项正确。
4．What can be a suitable title for this passage?
A．Everyone Has an Accent
B．Accents Enhance Our Identities
C．Dialects Lead to Misunderstanding
D．Standard English Is at Risk
答案与解析：A 理解文章主旨要义。本文第一段通过朋友们的反应引出口音这个话
题；第二段讲述了对口音的正确理解，并指出每个人都有口音；第三段讲到了每个人都在
讲方言，并以新加坡英语口语为例说明使用方言是正当的；第四段讲到了口音和方言的价
值所在，并鼓励读者学会欣赏口音和方言。故A项“每个人都有口音”适合作本文的标题。
B
2024·南京市、盐城市模拟 说明文 309词 ★★★☆☆
Among my friends, one topic seems to dominate their conversations: bones. It makes
sense, given that 20 percent of American women over 50 have osteoporosis (骨质疏松) and that
more than half have bone loss. For men, the figures are lower: 4 percent and a third. Worldwide,
one out of three women over 50 and one out of five older men will develop a fracture (骨折).
Another reason for the endless argument about bone problems is mass confusion over how to
strengthen your bones best and whether diet really makes a difference.
Diet research is always messy, and study results on nutrition and bone health haven't been
consistent. But__gradually__some__clarity__is__emerging. As we draw up resolutions for what
to eat, it's useful to look at new data on vitamin D. Calcium is the key element for building bones,
and vitamin D helps to absorb calcium from the food we eat, so doctors often recommend D
supplements (补充物) to make up for agerelated bone loss.
But a recent study found that taking D supplements for five years did not reduce the rateof fractures in seniors. That result built on earlier findings, led by the same team, that these
supplements do not improve bone density (密度). “Food and sun exposure likely provide
enough vitamin D for healthy adults，” says Mery LeBoff, who led the study.
What does help maintain strong bones for all of us? The easy answer is food high in calcium,
such as milk and tofu. “Getting it from food is best，” LeBoff says, “because there are
so many other nutrients (营养物), and you have more continuous absorption than from D
supplements.”
The other key element of bone health involves calories out rather than calories in.
Weightbearing exercise stimulates bone formation throughout life. So while focusing on better
nutritional choices, add more exercise to your daily menu.
【语篇解读】 一项研究表明服用补充维生素D五年并不能降低老年人的骨折率，但
高钙食物和运动有助于增强骨骼健康。
5．What do the statistics in Paragraph 1 emphasize?
A．The seriousness of bone problems.
B．The concern about senior citizens.
C．The confusion about strengthening bones.
D．The importance of having a balanced diet.
答案与解析：A 推断。根据第一段中的“It makes sense...will develop a fracture (骨
折)”可知，这些数据表明美国男性女性的骨质疏松问题严重，世界范围内男性女性发生骨
折现象也比比皆是。故该段中用真实数据强调了现实中人们骨骼问题的严重性。故A项正
确。
6．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 imply?
A．Diet research is no longer a challenge.
B．We've made resolutions to study diets.
C．Findings on bone health prove to be similar.
D．We begin to agree on ways to keep bones healthy.
答案与解析：D 理解句意。根据第二段中的“Diet research is always messy, and study
results on nutrition and bone health haven't been consistent”和But表转折可知，前文讲关于营
养和骨骼健康的研究结果也不一致，后文应该讲就保持骨骼健康一事大家达成了共识；本
段中的“so doctors often recommend D supplements(补充物)to make up for agerelated bone
loss”也是提示。故D项正确。
7．What can be inferred from the recent study?
A．People can absorb vitamin D in food easily.
B．The findings go against LeBoff's earlier ones.
C．D supplements play a minor role than expected.
D.Fractures are linked with weightbearing exercise.
答案与解析：C 推断。根据第三段中的“But a recent study found...these supplements
do not improve bone density (密度)”可知，最近的研究表明，维生素D补充剂没能起到预期
效果，即减少老年人的骨折率。再根据第四段中的“because there are so many other
nutrients(营养物), and you have more continuous absorption than from D supplements”可知，
还有其他营养物质吸收效果好于维生素D。两者都明确表明维生素D对保持骨骼的健康而
言效果不佳。故C项正确。
8．What is a suitable title for the text?
A．Recipes for better bonesB．Your bones cry!
C．The magic of D supplements
D．Vitamin D wins!
答案与解析：A 理解文章主旨要义。第一段主要讲现实中人们骨骼问题的严重性；
第二段主要讲渐渐地人们开始就保持骨骼健康问题的方法——吃维生素D补充剂——达成
一致；根据第三段中的“But a recent study found... fractures in seniors”可知，维生素D补充
剂在减少老年人骨折方面没有起到预期效果。再根据第四段中的“What does help... milk
and tofu”和第五段可知，要想保持强健的骨骼，最简单的方式是吃含钙高的食物，比如牛
奶和豆腐，另一种方法是多进行日常锻炼。由此可知，本文给人们提供了两种更好的强健
骨骼的诀窍。故A项作本文的标题最佳。
答题策略
语法填空——代词
代词的应用与少用
应用
① 认清代词指代对象，注意前后人称要一致
② 认清代词指代对象，注意前后单复数要一致
③ 认清代词指代对象，注意前后性别要一致
this，that，it的应用；something和everything的应
用；so和such的应用；反身代词与人称代词的应
④ 用；形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的应用；
人称代词和物主代词的应用；人称代词的主格和宾
格的应用，注意它的区别和运用
少用,
⑤,物主代词或人称代词的少用
⑥,留意无冠词、无物主代词、无不定代词修饰的名词
