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练习 52 语法填空＋阅读理解
授课提示：对应学生用书131页
Ⅰ.语法填空
2022·全国乙卷 说明文 210词 ★★★☆☆
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially
1.________ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate 2.________ festival, a
number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 3.________ (address) the opening
ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the
4.________ (large) teaproducing country, China has a 5.________ (responsible) to work with
other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a
community with a 6.________ (share) future for mankind，” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the
ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international
cooperation 7.________ cultural exchanges. A fouryear tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative
Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
8．________ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of
public promotional activities on social media, 9.________ (invite) twentynine tea professionals
from around the world to have thirtysix hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening
10.________ (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了庆祝第一个国际茶日，中国
商会博物馆所举办的一系列活动。
1．答案与解析：by 考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日
定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，
使用固定结构“be＋过去分词＋by”。故填by。
2．答案与解析：the 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中
国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词the。
故填the。
3．答案与解析：addressed 考查时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。
陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填addressed。
4．答案与解析：largest 考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，
作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定
冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
5．答案与解析：responsibility 考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，
作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠
词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。6．答案与解析：shared 考查非谓语动词。句意：这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此
处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。非谓语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系，
所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。
7．答案与解析：and 考查连词。句意：仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作
倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来，促进国际合作和文化交流。名词 international cooperation和
cultural exchanges为并列成分，作动词promote的宾语。故填and。
8．答案与解析：To strengthen 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，
活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的 29名茶叶专业人士
进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要
用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
9．答案与解析：inviting 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动
包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的 29名茶叶专业人士进行
36小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，
所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。
10．答案与解析：its 考查代词。句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开
启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。名词 exhibition前用形容词性物主代
词。故填its。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2024·石家庄质检Ⅱ 说明文 281词 ★★★★☆
Many owners of electric cars have wished for a battery pack that could power their vehicle
for more than a thousand miles on a single charge. Researchers have developed a lithiumair
battery that could make that dream a reality. The new battery design could also one day power
airplanes and trucks. The main new component in this lithiumair battery is a solid electrolyte (电
解质) instead of the usual liquid variety.
Batteries with solid electrolytes are not subject to safety problems with the liquid
electrolytes used in lithiumion and other battery types, which can overheat and catch fire. More
importantly, the solid electrolyte can potentially boost the energy four times, which translates into
longer driving range.
For over a decade, scientists have been working overtime to develop a lithium (锂)
battery that makes use of the oxygen in air. The lithiumair battery has the highest energy of any
battery technology being considered for the next generation of batteries beyond lithiumion.
The new solid electrolyte is composed of a material made from relatively inexpensive
elements, compared with the past designs. Besides, the chemical reaction in lithiumion only
involves one or two electrons stored per oxygen molecule (分子), while that for the lithiumair
battery involves four electrons. More electrons stored means higher energy.
The new design is the first lithiumair battery that has achieved a fourelectron reaction
at room temperature. It also operates with oxygen supplied by air from the surrounding
environment. The capability to run with air avoids the need for oxygen tanks to operate, a
problem with earlier designs.
“With further development, we expect our new design for the lithiumair
battery to reach a record of 1，200 watthours per kilogram，” said Curtiss, a researcher.
“That is nearly four times better than lithiumion batteries.”【语篇解读】 本文介绍了研究人员已经开发出一种锂空气电池，可以有朝一日为飞
机和卡车提供动力。
1．What contributes most to the lithiumair battery?
A．Lithiumion. B．Oxygen molecules.
C．Solid electrolytes. D．Liquid components.
答案与解析：C 理解具体信息。根据第一段尾句可知，锂空气电池主要的新成分是
固体电解质；根据第二段的内容可知，有固体电解质的电池不存在安全问题。更重要的是
固体电解质可能会将能量提高四倍，这意味着更长的行驶里程。由此可知，对锂空气电池
贡献最大的是固体电解质。故选C项。
2．What's the problem with lithiumion batteries?
A．They burn easily if overheated.
B．They are unsafe in production.
C．They damage the environment.
D．They require longer charging time.
答案与解析：A 理解具体信息。根据第二段中的“lithiumion and other... overheat and
catch fire”可知，锂离子电池容易过热且着火。故选A项。
3．How does the author organize Paragraph 4?
A．By giving examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By presenting statistics.
D．By analyzing cause and effect.
答案与解析：B 理解写作手法。明题意：本题问“作者是如何组织第四段的？”→
寻线索：根据第四段中的“The new solid electrolyte... compared with the past designs”可知，
与过去的设计相比，新的固体电解质由相对便宜的成分制成；本段第二句中 while表示前
后两种情况的对比→定答案：由此可知，作者是用比较的方法来写第四段的。故选B项。
4．What is the best title of the text?
A．How Lithiumair Batteries Work
B．What Will Be Used to Power Airplanes
C．Electric Cars Are Becoming More Popular
D．New Batteries Offer Longer Driving Range
答案与解析：D 理解文章主旨要义。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了研究人员已经
开发出一种锂空气电池，讲述了该电池的主要成分、与旧的锂离子电池相比该电池的优点
——无锂离子电池等存在的安全问题且行驶里程更长等。故选D项。
B
2023·全国甲卷 说明文 310词 ★★★☆☆
Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a
conflicted corner of the American psyche—we revere ( 敬 畏 ) them even as they give us
frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National
Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear.
“Grizzly bears are reoccupying large areas of their former range，” says bear biologist
Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in acentury or more, they're increasingly being sighted by humans.
The western half of the U．S. was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough
number of 50，000 or more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after
centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2
percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the
Endangered Species Act.
Today, there are about 2，000 or more grizzly bears in the U．S. Their recovery has been so
successful that the U．S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which
would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to
lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed.
Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren't taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes
killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and
attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting
electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at
getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractantfree place where bears can pass
through without learning bad habits，” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages
bears in and around Missoula.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文，讲述了美国灰熊从濒危物种恢复到2 000多头，但也
带来了一些问题。
5．How do Americans look at grizzlies?
A．They cause mixed feelings in people.
B．They should be kept in national parks.
C．They are of high scientific value.
D．They are a symbol of American culture.
答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Grizzly bears, which may grow to about
2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche—we revere
them even as they give us frightening dreams. (灰熊可以长到2.5米长，体重超过400公斤，在
美国人的心理中占据着一个矛盾的角落——即使它们给我们带来可怕的梦，我们也敬畏它
们)”可知，美国人对灰熊既有害怕，又有敬畏，他们的情感是混合的。故选A项。
6．What has helped the increase of the grizzly population?
A．The European settlers' behavior.
B．The expansion of bears' range.
C．The protection by law since 1975.
D．The support of Native Americans.
答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“In 1975, grizzlies were listed
under the Endangered Species Act. (1975 年，灰熊被列入《濒危物种法》)”以及第四段
“Today, there are about 2, 000 or more grizzly bears in the U．S. Their recovery has been so
successful that the U．S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which
would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. (如今，美国大约有2 000只或更多
的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单
上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀)”可推知，由于1975年起受法律
保护，灰熊的数量有了增长。故选C项。
7．What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from delisting grizzlies?
A．The opposition of conservation groups.B．The successful comeback of grizzlies.
C．The voice of the biologists.
D．The local farmers' advocates.
答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Today, there are about 2，000 or more
grizzly bears in the U．S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U．S. Fish and Wildlife
Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow
them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For
now, grizzlies remain listed. (如今，美国大约有2 000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，
以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律
保护，允许它们被猎杀。由于环保组织的诉讼，这两项努力都被推翻了。目前，灰熊仍在
名单上)”可知，是环保组织的反对阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰熊从濒危物种名
单上除名。故选A项。
8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Food should be provided for grizzlies.
B．People can live in harmony with grizzlies.
C．A special path should be built for grizzlies.
D.Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.
答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Obviously, if precautions aren't taken,
grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in
search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will
typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm
animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. ‘Our hope is to have a clean,
attractantfree place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits，’ says James
Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. (显然，如果不采取预防
措施，灰熊会变得很麻烦，有时会杀死农场动物，或者在院子里寻找食物。如果人们把食
物和引诱剂从他们的院子和露营地移走，灰熊通常会安然通过。在鸡舍和其他农场动物生
活区周围设置电动围栏也能有效地赶走灰熊。‘我们希望有一个干净，没有诱饵的地方，
熊可以通过，而不会养成坏习惯，’詹姆斯·琼克尔说，他是一位长期管理米苏拉及其周围
熊的生物学家)”可推知，灰熊数量增长，虽然会带来一些麻烦，但是如果采取一些预防措
施，人和灰熊可以和谐相处。故选B项。
答题策略
语法填空——冠词
冠词的误用、多用与少用
误用
① 表示特指用the，表示泛指用a、an
② a、an的混用
多用,
③,专有名词前不用冠词，如China
④,学科名词前不用冠词，如physics
⑤,球类名词前不用冠词，如football
⑥,三餐名词前不用冠词，如lunch
⑦,留意有多余冠词的固定短语
少用,⑧,留意无冠词、无物主代词、无不定代词修饰的单数可数名词
⑨,留意缺少冠词的固定短语
