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练习 7 单句语法填空＋阅读理解
授课提示：对应学生用书15页
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(非谓语动词Ⅰ)
1．[2024·浙江杭州外国语学校检测]The 5G services are now being used in 50 cities,
Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen ________ (include).
答案与解析：included 句意为：目前，包括北京、上海、广州和深圳在内的50个城
市正在使用5G服务。include意为“包括，包含”，在此应用非谓语动词形式，include与
其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填included。
2．[2024·安徽师大附中期中]Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the
ever－increasing populations, greatly ________ (reduce) waterfowl habitat.
答案与解析：reducing 句意为：数百万英亩的湿地被抽干，以为不断增加的人口提供
食物和住所，结果大大减少了水禽的栖息地。reduce与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系，此处
应用现在分词形式作结果状语，故填reducing。
3．[2024·辽宁大连双基测试]The Chinese people have the custom of sticking up pictures
________ (celebrate) the traditional Spring Festival.
答案与解析：to celebrate 句意为：中国人有贴年画来庆祝传统春节的习俗。分析句
子成分可知，________ the traditional Spring Festival充当目的状语，空处应用动词不定式。
故填to celebrate。
4．[2024·山东烟台学业水平诊断]________ (build) in the Song Dynasty, the town offers
pleasant views and landscapes of ancient China, characterized by picturesque canals crossed by
arch bridges and whitewashed houses that overlook the water.
答案与解析：Built 句意为：建于宋朝的古镇提供了美丽的古代中国景观，以有拱桥
横跨的如画般的运河和俯瞰水面的粉刷成白色的房屋为特色。分析句子结构可知， build
在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语town之间构成被动关系，应用过去分词形式。
空处位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Built。
5．Life is like riding a bicycle. ________ (keep) your balance, you must keep moving.
答案与解析：To keep 生活就像骑自行车。想要保持平衡，你必须不断前行。根据句
意可知，空处应用动词不定式表目的。
6．Children above 16 are encouraged to take part in these outdoor recreational and sports
activities specially ________ (design) for them.
答案与解析：designed 我们鼓励十六岁以上的孩子参加这些专为他们设计的户外文体
活动。design与activities之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用designed作后置定语。
7．More than 2 million foreign tourists are expected to visit the US by the end of the year,
________ (contribute) a lot to the US economy.
答案与解析：contributing 根据句意可知，逗号后的内容是逗号前的内容的一种自然
结果，contribute与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，故应用现在分词形式作结果状语。
8．Drivers are not the only ones ________ (blame) for the irresponsibility that accounts for
many of the automobile accidents.答案与解析：to blame 此处为(be) to blame (for sth.)结构，表示“该(因……)受责备，
应(为……)承担责任”。
9．Many people think any government's work should be evaluated ________ (base) on
citizens' happiness level.
答案与解析：based 很多人认为政府的任何工作都应该以市民的幸福水平为基础来评
价。________ on citizens' happiness level在句中作方式状语，base和government's work为逻
辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词。
10．Guests ________ (invite) to this international meeting are mainly scholars, politicians,
and representatives of international organizations.
答案与解析：invited 受邀参加这次国际会议的宾客主要是学者、从政者和国际组织
代表。分析句子结构可知，Guests与invite之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作后
置定语，故填invited。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2024·新课标Ⅰ卷，C 议论文 333词 ★★☆☆☆
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are
listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same
material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors,
including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask
while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful
when it's on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of
print reading particularly shine__through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—
like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such
as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper's physical
properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of
distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they've read to how far into the book it was
or where it was on the page.
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory
called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts
with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort
than when they are reading print.
Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers
increasingly turn to these technologies—say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the
same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they
remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources
not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are
called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical
words.
语篇类型：议论文 主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术——学习媒介的选择
【语篇解读】 本文探讨了有纸化学习与无纸化学习的区别，并提出用纸质书籍更容易让人投入、专心学，而电子书籍更容易使人分心，故阅读印刷品比阅读电子书籍记得更
多。
1．What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Seem unlikely to last.
B．Seem hard to explain.
C．Become ready to use.
D．Become easy to notice.
答案与解析：D 理解词汇。根据本段第一句谈到当阅读几百字或更多字的文本时，
有纸化学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功，接着谈到大量的研究证实了这一发现。故画线短
语所在部分应该是指从提出简单的任务转向需要抽象思维的任务时，这种有纸化阅读的好
处尤其明显，也就是说很容易被注意到，答案为D。
2．What does the shallowing hypothesis assume?
A．Readers treat digital texts lightly.
B．Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C．People select digital texts randomly.
D．Digital texts are suitable for social media.
答案与解析：A 理解具体信息。根据题干中的shallowing hypothesis可以将答案定位
在第四段中。根据第四段中的“which are often not so serious”以及“devote less mental
effort”可知，在对待电子文本的时候，读者通常不是很严肃，同时比阅读纸质文本时投入
的精力要少，即读者对电子文本不是很重视，答案为A。
3．Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers?
A．They can hold students' attention.
B．They are more convenient to prepare.
C．They help develop advanced skills.
D．They are more informative than text.
答案与解析：A 理解具体信息。根据题干可将解题信息定位在第五段。本段第一句
谈到音频和视频比文字更吸引人，所以大学教师越来越多地改用这些技术，故选A。
4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph?
A.Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B.Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
答案与解析：C 推断。根据最后一段首先谈到电子文本、音频和视频都具有教育作
用，特别是在提供纸质文本无法提供的资源时。“However”后提到为了最大限度地进行需
要集中注意力和反思的学习，教育者不应该假设所有媒体都是一样的，即使它们包含相同
的词汇。这与倒数第二段最后一句中的信息意思一致：当成年人阅读新闻故事时，他们比
听或看相同的片段能记住更多内容，也就是说有纸化学习在教育中是不能完全被取代的，
答案为C。A项“学生们应该应用多种学习技巧”；B项“教师应制作自己的教材”；C项
“纸质文本在教育中是不能完全被取代的”；D项“课堂外的教育不容忽视”。
B
2024·九省联考 议论文 288词 ★★★☆☆
In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: “I
have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument—and that isto avoid it.” This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of
arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives—and in many ways misses the
point of arguing in the first place.
Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like
physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end
up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions—
like, say, tennis tournaments. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes
out from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking explains why so many
people try to avoid arguments.
However, there are ways to win an argument every time. When you state your position,
formulate (阐述) an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your
argument is any good. When you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a
reason for their view and spell__out their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness. Raise
objections (异议) and listen carefully to their replies. This method will require effort, but practice
will make you better at it.
These tools can help you win every argument—not in the unhelpful sense of beating your
opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people, learning why they
disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of
arguments—from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain
respect and understanding from each other—then we change the very nature of what it means to
“win” an argument.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。作者阐述了争论的意义和赢得争论的方法。
5．What is the author's attitude toward Carnegie's understanding of argument?
A．Critical. B．Supportive.
C．Tolerant. D．Uncertain.
答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据第一段中“This distaste for arguments is common,
but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social
lives—and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.(这种对争论的厌恶是很普
遍的，但它取决于对争论的错误看法，这种观点会给我们的个人和社会生活带来问题——
而且在很多方面，它首先忽略了争论的意义。)”可知，作者对于Carnegie对争论的看法持
批判态度，故选A。
6．Why do many people try to avoid arguments?
A．They lack debating skills.
B．They may feel bad even if they win.
C．They fear being ignored.
D．They are not confident in themselves.
答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Like physical fights, verbal (言语的)
fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be
feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions—like, say, tennis tournaments.(和
身体上的打斗一样，言语上的打斗也会两败俱伤。即使你赢了，你最终也不会变得更好。
如果争论只是一场比赛，比如网球比赛，你也会感觉很糟糕。)”可知， 很多人尽量避免
争论，是因为即使赢了他们也感觉很糟糕，故选B。
7．What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Defend. B．Explain.C．Conclude. D．Repeat.
答案与解析：B 词句猜测题。根据画线短语所在句“ask them to give you a reason for
their view”可知，让他们为自己的观点提供依据，即让他们充分阐明他们的观点，spell out
意为“解释明白，讲清楚”，故选B。
8．What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author?
A．Sense of logic.
B．Solid supporting evidence.
C．Proper manners.
D．Understanding from both sides.
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“If we readjust our view of arguments—
from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and
understanding from each other—then we change the very nature of what it means to ‘win’ an
argument.(如果我们重新调整我们对争论的看法——从一场口水战或网球比赛转变为一种理
性的交流，通过这种交流，我们都能获得彼此的尊重和理解——那么我们就改变了‘赢
得’争论的本质。)”可知，作者认为“赢得”争论的关键是通过交流获得彼此的尊重和理
解，故选D。
黄金考点
语法填空——名词
考点12 名词作介词宾语
考例 Filled with ________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
点拨 填curiosity，充当介词with的宾语。
考点13 名词作表语
Chinese New Year is a ________ (celebrate) marking the end of the
考例
winter season and the beginning of the spring.
中国新年是一个标志着冬季结束和春季开始的庆祝活动。空前的冠
点拨
词a是名词作表语的标志，故填celebration。
