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练习 5 单句语法填空+七选五+完形填空
授课提示:对应学生用书11页
Ⅰ.单句语法填空 (谓语动词Ⅰ)
1.[2024·湖南长沙雅礼中学期中]If you simply agree in arguments and discussions, you
________ (stand) out from the crowd.
答案与解析:won't stand 句意为:如果你只是在争论和讨论中表示赞同,你就不会脱
颖而出。条件状语从句中如果使用一般现在时,主句中应该使用一般将来时。根据语境可
知,此处表示否定含义。故填won't stand。
2.[2024·江苏海门一诊]Usually the proverb “great minds think alike, but fools seldom
differ” ________ (short) to “great minds think alike”.
答案与解析:is shortened 句意为:谚语“英雄所见略同,但愚者甚少存异”通常被
简化为“英雄所见略同”。分析句子成分可知,设空处作谓语,表示前者被简化为后者,
且句子描述客观事实,因此用一般现在时的被动语态。主语 the proverb是单数,故填is
shortened。
3.[2024·广东茂名五校联盟联考]“The more the Chinese know Russians and the more
Russians know the Chinese, the stronger our relations will be ,” ________ (say) former
Russian president Dmitry Medvedev in 2010.
答案与解析:said 句意为:“中国人民对俄罗斯人民了解得越多,且俄罗斯人民对
中国人民了解得越多,我们的关系就会越牢固。”俄罗斯前总统德米特里·梅德韦杰夫在
2010年说。根据时间状语in 2010可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填said。
4.[2024·四川乐山高中调研]It ________ (report) that 2019 saw more than 60,000 people
visit the place.
答案与解析:is/was reported 句意为:据报道,在2019年,有超过60 000人参观过
该地。固定句型It is/was reported that...表示“据报道……”;由空后的saw可知,句子可
使用一般过去时;也可使用一般现在时,表示对客观情况的描述。故填is/was reported。
5.Furthermore, the amount of sleep ________ (change) greatly over the past 15 years.
答案与解析:has changed 句意为:此外,睡眠时间近15年来已经发生了很大的变化。
由时间状语over the past 15 years可知,“变化”已经发生,且表示对现在造成的影响。故
用现在完成时。
6.It ________ (grow) into a lifestyle choice of Chinese people using mobile payments
throughout their daily activities so far.
答案与解析:has grown 迄今为止,在日常活动中使用手机支付已经成为中国人的一
种生活方式的选择。由时间状语so far可知,“成为中国人的一种生活方式的选择”是一
个已经发生并且对现在造成影响的行为,故用现在完成时。
7.There ________ (be) several steps before I got that special plastic card.
答案与解析:were 在我得到那个特殊的塑料卡之前有几个步骤。本句为there be句型,
be动词后的名词为several steps,所以be动词应用复数形式,结合before引导的从句用一
般过去时可知,此处的be动词用were。
8.Previously, equipment for space experiments ________ (be) sent via the cargo spacecraftTianzhou1.
答案与解析:was 以前,空间实验设备是通过货运飞船天舟一号运送的。句子的主语
equipment是不可数名词,谓语动词应用单数形式,结合时间状语 previously可知,句中叙
述的是过去发生的动作,故填was。
9.Tom could have finished all the work on his own, but he ________ (refer) to the teacher
for help.
答案与解析:referred Tom本可以独自完成所有的工作的,但他向老师寻求了帮助。
could have done表示“过去本可以做却没做”,因此空处是发生过去的动作,需用一般过
去时。
10.Unless some extra money ________ (find), the theatre will close.
答案与解析:is found 在if,unless引导的条件状语从句中,条件状语从句遵循“主
将从现”的原则,即如果主句是一般将来时,从句需用一般现在时替代一般将来时;又因
money与find之间是动宾关系,故空处需用一般现在时的被动语态。
Ⅱ.七选五
2024·新课标Ⅰ卷 说明文 292词 ★★☆☆☆
Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a
perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). __1__ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer
who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
I keep two reference books closeby on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I
don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. __2__ Of course, these days there are plenty of online
dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm oldfashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can
leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
__3__ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other
words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is
pronounced.
In addition, I have an old twovolume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a
few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not
exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases.
__4__ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's
nothing better.
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's
Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味)
work,” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of “dull”. __5__ A few minutes spent casting
your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.
A.I don't often use this dictionary.
B.It takes no account of the context.
C.But I still don't want to replace them.
D.But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E.Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F.That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G.Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
语篇类型:说明文 主题语境:人与自我——生活与学习——词典的使用
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了作者对于写作中拼写和词典使用的看法及自身的相关
习惯等。1.答案与解析:F 根据上文中的“If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a
perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿)(如果你想发表作品,提交一份完美的、专
业呈现的手稿是至关重要的)”可知,此处会讲到完美的、专业呈现的手稿是什么样子的,
选项F“那意味着语法不错并且没有拼写错误”符合语境。所以选F。
2.答案与解析:B 根据上文中的“I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker(我不信任我笔
记本电脑的拼写检查程序)”可知,此处会讲到不信任的原因,选项B“它不考虑上下文”
符合语境。所以选B。
3.答案与解析:E 段落主旨句。根据下文中的“It should give you a precise definition
of each word...how the word is pronounced(它应该为你提供每个单词的精确定义,从而区分
它与其他含义相似但不完全相同的单词。它通常还会显示单词是如何发音的)”可知,该段
主要讲述了词典不仅仅提供单词的拼写,还有其他功能。所以选E。
4.答案与解析:A 根据下文中的“However, if I need to check the origin of a word or
to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better(但是,如果我需要核实某个单词的起源
或查找其用法示例,就没有比这更好的了)”可知,此处应该讲述作者不怎么使用这本词典。
所以选A。
5.答案与解析:D 根据下文中的“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or
two can be a rewarding experience(花几分钟粗略浏览一两页内容可以是一种令人满意的体
验)”可知,选项D“但是,词典也可以是一种令人愉悦的读物”可以与之构成逻辑上的顺
承关系。所以选D。
Ⅲ.完形填空
2024·新课标Ⅰ卷 记叙文 232词 ★★☆☆☆
I've been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks' achievements all my life.
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend __1__ a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I
started running __2__, but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was
__3__ for a “super,” referring to a 52.4mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on
my longest run—15 miles. To be honest, I __4__ it! Between the girl making my __5__ seem
small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only __6__ I'd ever run again is if a big
dog was running after me!
So I__7__ cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I __8__ of entering cycle races until I
flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I __9__ her bike and went for
a ride. The __10__: The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be riding uphill for
miles at a time. I'd never faced such __11__. That day, I got __12__ by about 100 “local” bikers
who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn't seem quite as
__13__.
I've__14__ a lot since then. I've come to accept that whatever __15__ I set for myself, they
just have to be my own.
语篇类型:记叙文 主题语境:人与自我——做人与做事——正确的生活态度
【语篇解读】 本文讲述了生活中,他人的成就对作者的激励作用以及消极作用。作
者曾经受朋友赢得马拉松比赛的激励而开始跑步,但后来因遇到更厉害的跑步者和感受到
跑步的无聊而放弃。后来作者转而骑自行车,但因爬坡的困难和被人超过的打击而放弃。
最终,作者意识到目标应针对自身而设。
1.A.knew B.held
C.won D.quit
答案与解析:C 上文中的“I've been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks'achievements all my life”提到作者会因为别人的成就而受到激励。结合下文的“Feeling
motivated, I started running”可知,此处是指一个社区的朋友赢得了马拉松比赛,作者因此受
到了激励。故用won。quit“退出”。
2.A.regularly B.silently
C.proudly D.recently
答案与解析:A 结合语境和常识可知,作者受到了激励,因此应是开始定期跑步,
故用regularly。silently“悄悄地,静静地”;proudly“得意地,自豪地”。
3.A.asking B.looking
C.waiting D.training
答案与解析:D 由下文的“referring to a 52.4mile double marathon”可知,作者遇到
的那个女孩要参加一场52.4英里的马拉松比赛,因此她那时正在为之训练,故用training。
4.A.made B.believed
C.hated D.deserved
答案与解析:C 受到那个女孩的影响,作者第二天就开始跑自己从未跑过的最长距
离——15英里。根据下文的“the pure boredom of jogging”可知,作者认为慢跑无比无聊,
因此其实作者本身没有跑步的意愿,所以此处是说,老实讲,作者是讨厌跑 15英里的,故
用hated。deserve“值得,应得”。
5.A.advantage B.achievement
C.contribution D.influence
答案与解析:B 作者遇到的女孩为52.4英里的马拉松比赛训练,而作者在跑15英里
的距离,因此对比之下在那个女孩面前作者跑步的成就显得非常渺小,故用 achievement。
advantage“有利条件,有利因素,优势”;achievement“成就,成绩”;contribution“贡
献”;influence“影响”。
6.A.way B.risk
C.place D.reason
答案与解析:D 由上文可知,跑步对作者而言是令人讨厌的、无聊的,因此作者放
弃了跑步,决定以后能让自己再次跑步的唯一原因是后面有大狗在追赶,故用 reason。
risk“危险,风险”。
7.A.gave up B.went on
C.turned to D.dealt with
答案与解析:C 由下文的“I got a good bike and rode a lot”可知,作者买了一辆好的
自行车,并骑了很多次,因此作者放弃跑步后把自己的目标转向了骑自行车,故用turned
to。give up“放弃”;go on“继续”;deal with“处理”。
8.A.heard B.dreamed
C.complained D.approved
答案与解析:B 结合上文中描述的作者的经历和下文作者放弃了骑行可知,此处表
示在骑行方面,作者一开始梦想着参加骑行比赛,直到飞往圣迭戈拜访姐姐。故用
dreamed。complain“抱怨”;approve“同意”。
9.A.painted B.borrowed
C.bought D.parked
答案与解析:B 根据空前的“I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at
work one day”和空后的“went for a ride”可知,作者去圣迭戈找姐姐,一天姐姐在上班,作
者去骑行了,因此此处是说作者向姐姐借了自行车,故用borrowed。
10.A.problem B.secretC.principle D.advice
答案与解析:A 由空后的“The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be
riding uphill for miles at a time”可知,那里的道路穿过宽阔的山谷,在那里作者要一次骑好
几英里的上坡路;再结合下文的“about 100 ‘local’ bikers who were used to such roads”可
知,与当地那些习惯了这种路的人相比,作者不习惯这种路,这种路对作者而言是一个问
题。故用problem。principle“原则,原理”。
11.A.dangers B.events
C.opponents D.challenges
答案与解析:D 作者要一次骑好几英里的上坡路,结合常识和下文作者放弃骑自行
车可知,此处是在描述作者的困难,所以此处是说作者从来没有遇到过这种挑战,故用
challenges。danger“危险,风险”;event“活动,比赛项目”;opponent“对手,竞争
者”。
12.A.passed B.convinced
C.admired D.stopped
答案与解析:A 由上文内容和下文的“by about 100 ‘local’ bikers who were used to
such roads”可知,作者被熟悉这种路的当地骑行者超过,故用 passed。convince“使确信,
使相信,使信服”;admire“钦佩,赞赏”。
13.A.reliable B.convenient
C.familiar D.appealing
答案与解析:D 结合上文可知,作者在骑行途中遇到了挑战,又被大约百人超过,
作者受挫了,因此骑行对作者来说就没有那么有吸引力了,故用appealing。reliable“可信
赖的,可依靠的”;convenient“实用的,便利的”;familiar“熟悉的,常见到的,常听说
的”。
14.A.traveled B.matured
C.missed D.worried
答案与解析:B 结合文章最后一句“I've come to accept...be my own”可知,经过跑步
和骑行这两件事情,作者已经逐渐相信目标应是为自己而设的,因此作者成长了、成熟了
故用matured。
15.A.limits B.dates
C.goals D.tests
答案与解析:C 综合全文可知,在跑步和骑行这两件事情上,作者均受到了他人成
就的影响,但结果都失败了,故此处是说自那之后作者逐渐相信不管为自己设定什么目标
这些目标都要是为自己而设的。故用goals。limit“限制”。
黄金考点
语法填空——并列连词
考点10 表示并列
In much of Asia, especially the socalled “rice bowl” cultures of China,
Japan, Korea,
考例 __________________________________________________________
______________
Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
点拨 China, Japan, Korea与Vietnam之间是并列关系,并列连词用and。
考点11 表示转折
Germs, which can't be found with your naked eyes, are everywhere.
考例
They are very tiny__________________________________________________________
______________
you can still see them with a microscope.
点拨 与前一分句语义上存在转折,故应用并列连词but连接并列句。