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练习 39 语法填空＋阅读理解
授课提示：对应学生用书97页
Ⅰ.语法填空
2024·浙江四校联考 新闻报道 220词 ★★★☆☆
The SpaceTime Painter, written by Chinese writer Hai Ya, won the Hugo Award for Best
Novelette at the 81st World Science Fiction Convention 1.________ (hold) in the southwestern
Chinese city of Chengdu.
Hai became the third Chinese 2.________ (win) of the Hugo Award, following scifi writers
Liu Cixin and Hao Jingfang. The SpaceTime Painter was published in 2022. It 3.________
(inspire) by the life experience of the 4.________ (talent) Chinese painter Wang Ximeng during
the Northern Song period (960～1127), who created the 12meterlong landscape painting One
Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains.
In this story, Hai did his best 5.________ (balance) the relationship between the story，
characters and history, hoping to bring readers a mature work. He said that 6.________ not a big
category, historical scifi has always been there.
Hai, also 7.________ financial worker, thinks of himself more 8.________ a scifi
enthusiast than a writer. “I have very little time to write every day，” he said. “But I think as
long as I love it and am willing to put efforts in it, I will see hopes and the dawn.”
The Hugo Awards are the most prestigious (有声望的) awards of science fiction. They were
first presented in 1953 and have been presented 9.________ (annual) since 1955. The Hugo
Awards are voted on by members of the World Science Fiction Convention, 10.________ is also
responsible for administering them.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。由中国作家海漄创作的《时空画师》获得了雨
果奖最佳短中篇小说奖。它的灵感来自中国天才画家王希孟在北宋时期的生活经历。在这
个故事中，海漄尽最大努力平衡故事、人物和历史之间的关系，希望能给读者带来一部成
熟的作品。
1．答案与解析：held 分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语。hold与空前名词短语“the
81st World Science Fiction Convention”是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填
held。句意：这部由中国作家海漄创作的《时空画师》，在由中国西南部城市成都举行的
第81届世界科幻大会(世界大会)上获得了雨果奖最佳短中篇小说奖。
2．答案与解析：winner 根据空前的“the third Chinese”和语境可知，空处应填名词
winner。句意：继科幻作家刘慈欣和郝景芳之后，海漄成为第三位获得雨果奖的中国人。
3．答案与解析：was inspired 分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语。根据前文讲的这本书
出版于2022年可知，此处时态用一般过去时。It与inspire之间是被动关系，主语是第三人
称单数。故填was inspired。句意：它的灵感来自中国天才画家王希孟在北宋时期(960～
1127)的生活经历，他创作了12米长的山水画《千里江山图》。
4．答案与解析：talented 空前是定冠词the，空后核心词是名词，空处应用形容词。
故填talented“有天赋的，天才的”。
5．答案与解析：to balance 此处考查固定短语try one's best to do sth.“尽某人最大努力去做某事”。故填to balance。
6．答案与解析：although/though/while 分析句子结构可知，that后是宾语从句。再结
合语境“虽然不是一个大的类别，但历史科幻小说一直在那里”可知，前后语义间存在明
显的让步关系，故填although/though/while。此处让步状语从句中省略了主语和 be动词，
补充完整为“although/though/while historical scifi is not a big category”。
7．答案与解析：a 海漄也是一名金融工作者，他认为自己更是一名科幻爱好者而不
是作家。根据句意，此处表示“一名金融工作者”，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且
financial的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
8．答案与解析：as 参见上题解析。think of oneself as...为固定搭配，表示“认为自己
是……”。故填as。
9．答案与解析：annually 分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，应用副词修饰。故填
annually。
10．答案与解析：which 分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺
主语，先行词是表示物的the World Science Fiction Convention。故填which。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2023·全国乙卷 议论文 325词 ★★★★☆
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of
humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts,
while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity's later
achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their
concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are
able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can't. The clearest example of this between
literate and nonliterate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook's
voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the
captain's record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾)
dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what
was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly
as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories
accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those
who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino,
the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this
book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they
made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系)
between literate and nonliterate societies such as these, all our firsthand accounts are necessarily
twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation,__we
have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的
局限性，并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。
1．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．How past events should be presented.B．What humanity is concerned about.
C．Whether facts speak louder than words.
D．Why written language is reliable.
答案与解析：A 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the
whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts
alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the
time, has not. Writing is one of humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many
literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. (如果你想
讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述
因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文学记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里
都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，
而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。)”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现
给我们。故选A。
2．What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in Paragraph 2?
A．His report was scientific.
B．He represented the local people.
C．He ruled over Botany Bay.
D．His record was onesided.
答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句“Ideally a history would bring
together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many
cases we simply can't. (理想情况下，历史应该将文本和物品结合在一起，本书的某些章节能
够做到这一点，但在许多情况下，我们根本做不到。)”可推断，作者认为历史应该是文本
和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文“From the
English side, we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day. From the
Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first
experience of gunshot. (从英国方面来看，我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。
从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名男子在第一次经历枪击后在飞行
中扔下的。)”可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，只从自己的角度描
述了问题。故选D。
3．What does the underlined word “conversation” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Problem. B．History.
C．Voice. D．Society.
答案与解析：B 词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The Caribbean Taino, the Australian
Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak
to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told
through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and
nonliterate societies such as these, all our firsthand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half
of a dialogue. (加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这
些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大
的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个话语权。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和
无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”
结合画线句“If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the
texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”
可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读物品。所以conversation指的是“历史”。
故选B。
4．Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?
A．How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B．A Short History of Australia
C．A History of the World in 100 Objects
D．How Art Works Tell Stories
答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the
whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts
alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the
time, has not.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不
能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大
多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。)”结合最后一段的“If we are to find the other half of
that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另
一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界
历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可
能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。
B
2024·湖北七校联考 议论文 325词 ★★★☆☆
Standing in my office 25 years ago was an unknown, newly rising astronomer with a half-
smile on her face. She had come with a demand that my team change our tested software to make
one of our most important and indemand scientific instruments do something it had never been
designed for, and risk breaking it down. All to carry out an experiment that was basically a waste
of time and couldn't be done—to prove that a massive black hole hid at the center of our Milky
Way.
My initial “no way” gradually gave way in the face of her cheerful but firm determination. It
was my first encounter with a force of nature, Andrea Ghez, one of three winners of the Nobel
Prize for Physics in 2020. That determination and the willingness to take calculated risks has
always characterized Andrea. For 25 years she has focused almost only on Sagittarius A—the
name of our own local super massive black hole. And Andrea is one of the great pioneers in this
search without question.
Andrea did her work at the W．M. Keck Observatory's twin telescopes on Maunakea,
Hawaii. She started using the very first instrument licensed on Keck Observatory's Near Infrared
Camera (NIRC). NIRC was never designed to do what Andrea needed but she was not to be
denied. And it worked! It was extremely hard and timeconsuming to make sense of the data, but
Andrea persisted.
As Andrea would be the very first to acknowledge, this victory represents the combined
efforts of so many. But actually one person had the idea for the research. One person had the
chutzpah (无所顾忌) to propose it and one person had the determination and focus to make it
happen, not discouraged by all who said it was a waste of time. That person is Andrea Ghez,
winner of the 2020 Nobel Prize for Physics.
5．What did the author think of Andrea Ghez's request at first?
A．It's demanding. B．It's interesting.C．It's acceptable. D．It's meaningless.
答案与解析：D 根据第一段最后两句可推知，作者一开始认为Andrea Ghez的要求是
毫无意义的，是浪费时间的。
6．What do we learn about Andrea Ghez's research from Paragraph 2?
A．It takes decades of efforts.
B．It deals with power of nature.
C．It's a purely individual project.
D．It's about measurement of a hole.
答案与解析：A 根据第二段中“For 25 years she has focused almost only on Sagittarius
A—the name of our own local super massive black hole.”可知，Andrea Ghez的研究花费了几
十年的努力。
7．Which of the following best describes Andrea Ghez's work in Hawaii?
A．Dangerous. B．Pleasant.
C．Challenging. D．Fruitless.
答案与解析：C 根据第三段中“It was extremely hard and timeconsuming to make sense
of the data...”可知，Andrea Ghez的研究工作是非常有挑战性的。
8．What do we learn from Andrea Ghez's success?
A．It is rewarding to cooperate.
B．The old methods still work today.
C．It pays to put theory into practice.
D．Persistence leads to success.
答案与解析：D 通读全文可知，Andrea的成功在于她的坚持，坚持自己的想法，专
注于实现自己的目标，而不受别人看法的影响。
答题策略
语法填空——名词
名词题的解题步骤
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest
例题 building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me,
pandas are its top________ (attract).
步骤
根据空白处所填词在句中的成分或作定语的限定词
判断是否该填名词(多考查名词在句中作主语、宾
①
语、表语，名词还可以作同位语、宾语补足语和状
语)
② 结合句意确定选择何种名词形式
③ 确定名词的数
答案,attraction 所填词在句中作表语，并且有物主代词its修饰，故应用其名词形式。
结合句意，应填attraction
