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练习 22 语法填空＋阅读理解
授课提示：对应学生用书54页
Ⅰ.语法填空
2024·湖北中学联考 说明文 191词 ★★★☆☆
Gather together a couple of good friends and take a leisurely walk through the streets—this is
1.________ many youngsters in China enjoy doing when they visit a new city.
To them, Citywalk means roaming (漫步) around the city on foot. It can be a special
2.________ (guide) trip for a small group of people, 3.________ simply a
leisurely walk for one or two to explore new areas, sticking to the key point: avoiding famous
scenic spots and big crowds to gain 4.________ more inclusive experience of the places they
visit.
Citywalk not only offers a way for young people to interact with a city but also
5.________ (provide) them with a new social scene. Xiao Yiyi, a Citywalk 6.________
(enthusiastic), launched her Changsha route on her social media account, including more offbeat
sights like historical sites and even a stopoff 7.________ (sample) the local cuisine. Many
tour guides also try to expand their influence online, 8.________ (share) their experiences to
attract potential customers.
Citywalk is offering a positive change to urban travelers as they can 9.________ (well)
choose the experiences that fit in with their interests and needs. At the same time, Citywalk
represents an opportunity for tour guides and travel service providers to offer a more tailored,
10.________ (profession) service to meet everchanging market demands.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。一股“城市漫步”(Citywalk)热潮席卷全国，成为
年轻人的旅游新宠。它为城市旅行者提供了一个积极的改变，同时为导游和旅游服务提供
商提供了一个机会。
1．答案与解析：what 分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句。从句中 doing后缺少
宾语，且表示事物，故填what。句意：和几个好朋友聚在一起，悠闲地在街上漫步——这
是许多中国年轻人在参观新城市时喜欢做的事情。
2．答案与解析：guided 空处作定语修饰空后名词trip，且表“有向导的，有导游
的”，故填形容词guided。
3．答案与解析：or 语境：对他们来说，Citywalk意味着在一个城市里漫步。它可以
是一小群人的特殊导览之旅，也可以仅仅是一两个人悠闲地散步以探索新的地区。根据语
境可知，上下文是选择关系，故用or来连接。
4．答案与解析：a 根据空前为动词和空后为名词短语可知，此处应填冠词，且此处
表泛指，故填a。语境：避开著名景点和人群，以获得更具包容性的游览体验。
5．答案与解析：provides 本句用not only...but also...来连接，所连接的部分词性一致，
故本空应该与offers的时态一致，用一般现在时；主语与provide为主动关系，且主语为第
三人称单数，故填provides。句意：Citywalk不仅为年轻人提供了一种与城市互动的方式，
还为他们提供了一个新的社交场景。6．答案与解析：enthusiast 本句的主语Xiao Yiyi是一个人名，故此处表示她是一个
城市漫步的热衷者，故填enthusiast。
7．答案与解析：to sample 句意：城市漫步爱好者肖依依在她的社交媒体账号上推出
了她的长沙路线，其中包括更多另类景点，如历史遗迹，甚至还有一个品尝当地美食的站
点。本空用不定式结构作目的状语。sample在此作动词，意为“品尝”，属于熟词生义的
用法。
8．答案与解析：sharing 分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语。share与逻辑主
语Many tour guides之间是主谓关系，故填sharing。句意：许多导游也尽力在网上扩大影
响力，分享他们的经验以吸引潜在客户。
9．答案与解析：better 句意：Citywalk为城市旅行者提供了一个积极的改变，因为
他们可以更好地选择符合自己爱好和需求的体验。根据句意可知，本空填 well的比较级
better“更好地”。
10．答案与解析：professional 空处修饰名词service，应用形容词professional“专业
的”。句意：同时，Citywalk为导游和旅游服务提供商提供了一个机会，可以提供更量身
订制的专业服务，以满足不断变化的市场需求。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2024·新课标Ⅱ卷，D 书评 318词 ★★★☆☆
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal
with our AIpowered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial
Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap
addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
In__the__wrong__hands,__such a book could prove as complicated to process as the
computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades'
professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the
practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly
accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already supersmart and will become
more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrowAI” to Artificial General
Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why
Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now—several decades before these
developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial
intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and
world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She
explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinctionlevel
event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such
structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than
our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
语篇类型：书评 主题语境：人与社会——图书推荐——AI by Design
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了英国人工智能专家卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔2022年度畅销
书AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence。书中探讨了当前人工智能的发展趋势和即将到来的人工智能革命，呼吁技术公司和世界领袖应与人工智能专家们达
成共识、携手共进、共同面对。
1．What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．If read by someone poorly educated.
B．If reviewed by someone illintentioned.
C．If written by someone less competent.
D．If translated by someone unacademic.
答案与解析：C 理解词汇。根据画线词后面的“but，thankfully，Campbell has more
than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable”可知，
坎贝尔有二十多年的专业经验，她能将令人头晕的东西转化为容易理解的东西。由此可见
画线的“In the wrong hands”指的应该是如果换一个能力不如坎贝尔的人来写这本书，故C
项正确。competent“足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的”。A项“如果被受教育程度低的人
阅读”；B项“如果被怀有恶意的人评论”；C项“如果被不那么称职的人来写”；D项
“如果被不适合做学术的人来翻译”。
2．What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text?
A．It is packed with complex codes.
B．It adopts a downtoearth writing style.
C．It provides stepbystep instructions.
D．It is intended for AI professionals.
答案与解析：B 推断。根据第二段中的“She writes from the practical angle of a
business person...a guide which is highly accessible and informative”可知，她从一个商人的实
际角度来写作，使得这本书成为非常易懂且信息丰富的指南。由此可见，这本书的写作风
格非常务实，故选B。downtoearth“务实的，脚踏实地的”。
3．What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development?
A．Observe existing regulations on it.
B．Reconsider expert opinions about it.
C．Make joint efforts to keep it under control.
D．Learn from prior experience to slow it down.
答案与解析：C 理解具体信息。根据第三段中的“She says it is essential that we keep
control of artificial intelligence”和第四段中的“Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible
for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the
experts currently developing it”可知，坎贝尔建议让人工智能的发展处于控制下，并呼吁技
术公司、世界领袖和人工智能专家携手应对，故C项正确。
4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To recommend a book on AI.
B．To give a brief account of AI history.
C．To clarify the definition of AI.
D．To honor an outstanding AI expert.
答案与解析：A 理解目的。根据最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if you only read
one book on the subject, this is it”并结合全文可知，本文主要给读者推荐了卡特里奥娜·坎贝
尔的书AI by Design：A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence，故A项正确。A项
“推荐一本关于人工智能的书”；B项“简述人工智能的历史”；C项“阐明人工智能的
定义”；D项“向一位杰出的人工智能专家致敬”。
B2024·沈阳高三质检 说明文 328词 ★★★☆☆
In a study in the journal Science, researchers at Northwestern University in Illinois reported
that they had developed an effective and inexpensive method for breaking down chemicals called
perand polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) .
PFAS, first created in the 1930s, are chemical compounds (化合物). They are used to make a
wide range of everyday products, including nonstick pans, carpeting, electronics, and fastfood
wrappers. Once the chemicals are in the environment, they are almost impossible to eliminate
because they are designed to avoid breaking down. Researchers have linked regular levels of
exposure to these chemicals with several health problems, including liver damage, an increased
risk of cancer, and reduced immunity.
Scientists had previously figured out how to remove PFAS from polluted water or soil but
there was no safe and effective way to destroy them once they were removed. The study reported
that when the team boiled PFAS molecules (分子) with two common substances, the PFAS
quickly broke down and became harmless.
In 2020, William Dichtel, a chemist and professor at Northwestern, read a study in which
chemists at the University of Alberta, in Canada, found an easy way to break down chains of
molecules. He asked a graduate student, Brittany Trang, to try the method on PFAS molecules.
Trang had spent months in the lab unsuccessfully attempting to pull apart PFAS, and at first
she thought Dichtel's idea was too simple to work. But she tried it, boiling PFAS with a common
solvent (溶剂) called dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Trang was shocked when the process destroyed
the PFAS. She later mixed DMSO with a chemical called sodium hydroxide and broke down
PFAS even more quickly.
The scientists will work on ways to destroy PFAS outside the lab so large amounts of forever
chemicals can be broken down at once. “It's a huge challenge, but it's in our grasp，” Dichtel
told The New York Times. Scientists are also calling for a decrease in the amount of PFAS being
released into the natural world. In June, the US government announced new plans to monitor
PFAS, decrease the amount of PFAS released into the environment, and address the effects of
PFAS on human health.
【语篇解读】 伊利诺伊州西北大学的研究人员说他们已经开发出一种有效且廉价的
方法来分解被称为PFAS的化学物质。本文重点介绍了这种降解方法。
5．What does the underlined word “eliminate” probably mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Identify. B．Destroy.
C．Appear. D．Release.
答案与解析：B 理解词汇。根据画线词后的句子“because they are designed to avoid
breaking down”可知，这是因为它们的设计是为了避免分解，据此可知，一旦这些化学物质
进入环境，它们几乎不可能被消除。所以画线词的意思是“消除”，与destroy意思相近。
6．How did William Dichtel find the way to break down chains of molecules?
A．He got information from a study of others.
B．He conducted the experiments on his own.
C．His graduate student, Brittany Trang, told him.
D.Chemists at the University of Alberta told him.
答案与解析：A 理解具体信息。根据第四段中的“In 2020...chains of molecules”可知，
西北大学的化学家兼教授William Dichtel阅读了一项研究，加拿大一所大学的化学家在该研究中发现了一种分解分子链的简单方法。据此可知，William Dichtel是从别人的研究中
得到了信息以此找到分解分子链的方法的。
7．What can we learn about Brittany Trang's experiment?
A.She tried the method from Dichtel but didn't succeed at first.
B．She pulled apart PFAS with her own idea at her first attempt.
C．She developed a more effective method to break down PFAS.
D．She thought Dichtel's idea was too simple, so she didn't try it.
答案与解析：C 理解具体信息。根据第五段中的“But she tried it...even more quickly”
可知，她尝试用一种叫DMSO的普通溶剂煮沸PFAS，这种方法可以降解PFAS；此后她将
DMSO与一种叫氢氧化钠的化学物质混合，更快地分解 PFAS。据此可知，Brittany Trang
发现了一种更有效的方法来分解PFAS。
8．What do scientists advocate the public doing?
A．Addressing the effects of PFAS on human health and environment.
B．Reducing the amount of PFAS being released into the environment.
C．Finding more effective ways to destroy PFAS in and outside the lab.
D．Stopping the use of PFAS in everyday life to avoid health problems.
答案与解析：B 理解具体信息。根据尾段中的“Scientists are also calling...the natural
world”可知，科学家倡导公众减少释放到环境中的PFAS的数量。
黄金考点
语法填空——时态
考点30 时态与上下文要一致
Actually, I ________ (start) to learn kung fu when I was seven years
考例
old.
根据时间状语从句when I was seven years old可知，此处是在叙述
点拨
过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填started。
考点31 并列成分前后时态要一致
The instructor kept repeating the words, “Speed up！” “Slow
考例
down！” “________ (turn) left！”
根据前面教练发出的两个指令可知，这三个短句属于并列结构，都
点拨 是祈使句，谓语动词用原形，所以应填Turn，跟前面的Speed和
Slow一致。
